From e6a8a6027cada12914bc181ecf90b55796c7bd69 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: polv Date: Sat, 18 Jul 2026 19:13:58 +0700 Subject: [PATCH] lesson 1 quiz --- docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/01-sentences.md | 705 +++++++++++++++++-- docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/02-particles.md | 5 + docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/03-verbs.md | 6 +- 3 files changed, 662 insertions(+), 54 deletions(-) diff --git a/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/01-sentences.md b/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/01-sentences.md index 7d8574b..7f44800 100644 --- a/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/01-sentences.md +++ b/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/01-sentences.md @@ -1,7 +1,611 @@ +--- +vocabulary: + nouns: + - ko: 한국 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson1-1.mp3 + en: Korea + notes: The formal name of the country is 대한민국 + examples: + - ko: 저는 7년 동안 **한국**에서 살았어요 + en: I lived in **Korea** for seven years + - ko: 저는 내년에 **한국**에 갈 거예요 + en: I will go to **Korea** next year + - ko: 저의 어머니는 올해 **한국**에 올 것입니다 + en: My mom will come to **Korea** this year + - ko: 저는 한국어를 **한국**에서 배웠어요 + en: I learned Korean in **Korea** + - ko: 고등학교는 **한국**에서 어려워요 + en: High school is difficult in **Korea** + - ko: 그 집은 **한국**에서 지어졌어요 + en: that house was built in **Korea** + - ko: 저는 **한국**에서 살고 있어요 + en: I live in **Korea** + + - ko: 도시 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-1-2.mp3 + en: city + examples: + - ko: 서울은 큰 **도시**예요 + en: Seoul is a big **city** + - ko: "어느 **도시**에 갈 거예요?" + en: What **city** are you going to go to? + - ko: 이 **도시**는 분위기가 좋아요 + en: This **city** has a good atmosphere + - ko: 서울 대신에 다른 **도시**에 갈 거예요? + en: Other than Seoul, will you go to another **city**? + - ko: 강가에는 **도시**에서 내려온 많은 쓰레기가 쌓여 있어요 + en: A great deal of garbage that had flowed down from the **city** was piled on the riverbank + + - ko: 이름 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-1-3.mp3 + en: name + examples: + - ko: 그 사람의 **이름**은 뭐예요? + en: What is that person's **name**? + - ko: 저의 **이름**은 김한성이에요 + en: My **name** is 김한성 + - ko: 저는 그 사람의 **이름**이 기억 안 나요 + en: I can't remember that person's **name** + - ko: 저는 그의 **이름**을 불렀어요 + en: I called his **name** + - ko: 덕석은 흔하지 않은 **이름**이에요 + en: '"덕석" is not a common **name**' + - ko: 이 길의 **이름**이 뭐죠? + en: What is the **name** of this road/street? + - ko: 친구 **이름**을 잊어버려서는 안 돼요 + en: You shouldn't forget your friend's **name** + + - ko: 저 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-1-4.mp3 + en: I, me (formal) + notes: | +

When used as the subject of a sentence, 저 translates to "I," when used as the object of a sentence, "저" translates to "me." For example: "저는 그 여자를 사랑해요" = "I love that girl", "그 여자는 저를 사랑해요" = "That girl loves me"

+

저 changes to 제 when 이/가 are attached. See Lesson 2 for more information. For example: "제가 한국을 좋아해요" = "I like Korea"

+

나 is used instead of 저 in informal situations.

+ examples: + - ko: "**저**는 친구를 만났어요" + en: "**I** met a friend" + - ko: "**저**의 친구는 **저**를 만났어요" + en: "**My** friend met **me**" + - ko: "**저**는 지난 주에 영화를 봤어요" + en: "**I** saw a movie last week" + - ko: "**저**는 삼일 동안 밥을 안 먹었어요" + en: "**I** didn't eat rice for 3 days" + + - ko: 나 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-1-5.mp3 + en: I, me (informal) + notes: | +

When used as the subject of a sentence, 나 translates to "I," when used as the object of a sentence, "나" translates to "me." For example: "나는 그 여자를 사랑해" = "I love that girl", "그 여자는 나를 사랑해" = "That girl loves me"

+

나 changes to 내 when 이/가 are attached. See Lesson 2 for more information. For example: "내가 한국을 좋아해" = "I like Korea"

+

저 is used instead of 나 in formal situations.

+ examples: + - ko: "**나**는 친구를 만났어" + en: "**I** met a friend" + - ko: "**나**의 친구는 **나**를 만났어" + en: "**My** friend met **me**" + - ko: "**나**는 내년에 한국에 갈 거야" + en: "**I** will go to Korea next year" + - ko: "**나**는 사과 한 개를 샀어" + en: "**I** bought one apple" + + - ko: 남자 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-1-6.mp3 + en: man + examples: + - ko: 그는 잘생긴 **남자**예요 + en: He is a handsome **man** + - ko: "**남자**는 방에 들어왔어요" + en: That **man** came into room + - ko: 저는 잘생긴 **남자**를 만났어요 + en: I met a handsome **man** + - ko: 저의 친구는 주로 남자예요 + en: My friends are mostly **men** + - ko: 그 남자가 키가 너무 커요 + en: That **man** is very tall + - ko: 어떤 남자는 어제 여기에 왔어 + en: Some **man** came here yesterday + + - ko: 여자 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-1-7.mp3 + en: woman + examples: + - ko: 그녀는 예쁜 **여자**예요 + en: She is a beautiful **girl** + - ko: 그 **여자**의 머리 색깔은 자연스러워요 + en: That **girl**'s hair color is natural + - ko: 저의 **여자** 친구는 귀엽고 예뻐요 + en: My **girl**friend is cute and pretty + - ko: 저는 그 **여자**를 사랑해요 + en: I love that **girl** + + - ko: 이 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-1-9.mp3 + en: this + notes: | +

이 is a type of word called a "관형사," which isn't an adjective, but is another type of word that can be placed before nouns to describe them. In English, "관형사" translates to a "modifier" or "a determiner." 이 is placed before nouns within reaching distance to indicate that one is talking about "this" specific thing. For example: "이 사람" = "this person"

+

It is easy to distinguish between a determiner and an adjective in Korean. Although both placed before nouns to "describe" them, the dictionary (ordinary) form of an adjective always ends in ~다 and must change in order to describe them. For example, 예쁘다 changes to 예쁜 when placed before a noun to describe it (See Lesson 3 for more information). Determiners keep their original form when placed before a noun. This might be too much grammar for you at this point, but make a note of it.

+ examples: + - ko: "**이** 차는 너무 비싸요" + en: "**This** car is too expensive" + - ko: "**이** 방은 넓습니다" + en: "**This** room is big/wide" + - ko: 저는 **이** 영화를 더 이상 보고 싶지 않아요 + en: I don't want to watch **this** movie anymore + - ko: "**이** 고기는 돼지고기입니다" + en: "**This** meat is pork" + - ko: "**이** 사람은 저의 누나예요" + en: "**This** (person) is my sister" + + - ko: 그 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-1-8.mp3 + en: that + notes: | +

그 is another example of a "관형사" in Korean. 그 is placed before nouns that are being referred to from context or a previous sentence. For example, if your father is talking about a specific person, you can refer to "that person" by saying "그 사람."

+

See more information about 관형사 in my description of "이" above.

+ examples: + - ko: "**그** 남자는 저의 아버지예요" + en: "**That** man is my father" + - ko: "**그** 여자는 나랑 결혼하고 싶었어요" + en: "**That** girl wanted to marry me" + - ko: 저는 **그** 책을 원해요 + en: I want **that** book + - ko: "**그** 병원은 멉니다" + en: "**That** hospital is far" + - ko: "**그** 여자의 머리카락은 깁니다" + en: "**That** girls hair is long" + + - ko: 저 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-1-10.mp3 + en: that (when something is far away) + notes: | +

저 is another example of a "관형사" in Korean. 저 is placed before nouns that are far away (not within reach). For example, if you want to refer to the person across the street, you can refer to "that person" by saying "저 사람."

+

그 and 저 both translate to "that." This often causes confusion for English speakers.

+

Also notice that "저" has more than one meaning. Earlier, you saw that "저" means "I/me." Welcome to the world of Korean! Where often times one word has more than one meaning.

+

See more information about 관형사 in my description of "이" above.

+ examples: + - ko: "**저** 사람은 누구예요?" + en: Who is **that** person? + - ko: 저는 **저** 케이크를 먹고 싶어요 + en: I want to eat **that** cake + - ko: "**저** 바지가 얼마예요?" + en: How much are **those** pants? + - ko: 저의 친구는 **저** 쪽으로 갔어요 + en: My friend went **that** way + - ko: "**저** 학교는 역사적인 건물이에요" + en: "**That** school is a historical building" + - ko: 다음 버스는 **저** 정류장에서 출발할 거예요 + en: The next bus will depart from **that** station + + - ko: 것 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-1-11.mp3 + en: thing + notes: | +

Not only used as a simple noun, but also used as a noun that can be described by full sentences. See Lesson 26 for more information about this.

+

것 can be shortened to 거. 것이 can be shortened to 게

+ examples: + - ko: 저는 비싼 **것**만 좋아해요 + en: I only like expensive **things** + - ko: "그**것**을 어떻게 해요?" + en: How do you do that (**thing**)? + - ko: "이**것**은 뭐야?" + en: What is this (**thing**)? + - ko: "이**것**은 얼마예요?" + en: How much is this (**thing**)? + + - ko: 이것 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-1-v.mp3 + en: this (thing) + notes: | +

The pronunciation of this word is closer to "이걷"

+

이것 is often shortened to 이거 in speech.

+

When 이, 그 or 저 are placed before "것," the result is a compound word. Therefore, when placing "것" after 이, 그 or 저, there should not be a space between the two.

+

Although it can be translated as "this thing," 이것 itself is a pronoun and can be simplified to translate to "this." For more information, see the explanation in Lesson 1.

+ examples: + - ko: "**이것**은 뭐야?" + en: What is **this (thing)**? + - ko: "**이것**은 너무 작은가요?" + en: Is **this (thing)** too small? + - ko: "**이것**은 여권이야" + en: "**This (thing)** is a passport" + - ko: "**이것**이 더 좋아요" + en: "**This (thing)** is better" + - ko: "**이것**을 보셔요" + en: Look at **this (thing)** + - ko: "**이것**을 먹어 봐!" + en: Eat **this (thing)**! (Try eating **this (thing)**!) + - ko: 모든 프린터 중에 **이것**이 제일 싸요 + en: Among all the printers, **this (one)** is the cheapest + - ko: "**이것**을 다 작성해 주실래요?" + en: Can you write all of **this** up for me? + - ko: "**이것**은 처음이자 마지막 기회예요" + en: "**This** is the first and last chance" + + - ko: 그것 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-1-v2.mp3 + en: that (thing) + notes: | +

The pronunciation of this word is closer to "그걷"

+

그것 is often shortened to 그거 in speech.

+

When 이, 그 or 저 are placed before "것," the result is a compound word. Therefore, when placing "것" after 이, 그 or 저, there should not be a space between the two.

+

Although it can be translated as "that thing," 그것 itself is a pronoun and can be simplified to translate to "that." For more information, see the explanation in Lesson 1.

+ examples: + - ko: 저는 **그것**을 손으로 만들었어요 + en: I built **that (thing)** with my hands + - ko: 저는 **그것**을 지난 번에 배웠어요 + en: I learned **that (thing)** last time + - ko: 저는 **그것**을 처음부터 끝까지 복습했어요 + en: I reviewed **that (thing)** from start to finish + - ko: 저는 **그것**을 영어로 할 거예요 + en: I will say **that (thing)** in English + - ko: 저는 **그것**을 친구한테서 들었어요 + en: I heard **that (thing)** from my friend + + - ko: 저것 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-1-v3.mp3 + en: that (thing) + notes: | +

The pronunciation of this word is closer to "저걷"

+

저것 is often shortened to 저거 in speech.

+

When 이, 그 or 저 are placed before "것," the result is a compound word. Therefore, when placing "것" after 이, 그 or 저, there should not be a space between the two.

+

Although it can be translated as "that thing," 저것 itself is a pronoun and can be simplified to translate to "that." For more information, see the explanation in Lesson 1.

+ examples: + - ko: "**저것**은 사과예요" + en: "**That (thing)** is an apple" + - ko: 우리 아빠는 **저것**을 싫어할 것 같아 + en: Dad will probably not like **that (thing)** + - ko: "**저것**은 사람이 아니라 눈사람이에요" + en: "**That (thing)** is not a person, it is a snowman" + + - ko: 의자 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-1-12.mp3 + en: chair + notes: | +

This word appears in Korean Sign Explanation [Video 14]

+

+ examples: + - ko: 그녀는 **의자**에서 일어났어요 + en: She rose up from her **chair** + - ko: 고양이는 **의자** 밑에 있다 + en: The cat is under the **chair** + - ko: "**의자**는 탁자보다 더 낮아요" + en: The **chair** is lower than the table + - ko: 저는 **의자**를 앞으로 움직였어요 + en: I moved my **chair** forward + + - ko: 탁자 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-1-13.mp3 + en: table + notes: | +

The pronunciation of this word is closer to "탁짜"

+

The little table that Korean people use when they sit on the floor to have meals is called a "상." A kitchen table can be referred to more specifically by saying "식탁."

+ examples: + - ko: 저는 잡지를 **탁자** 위에 놓을 거예요 + en: I will put the magazine on the **table** + - ko: 펜이 **탁자**에 놓여 있었어요 + en: The pen was (laying) on the **table** + - ko: 의자는 **탁자**보다 더 낮아요 + en: The chair is lower than the **table** + - ko: 밖에 나가기 전에 열쇠를 **탁자**에 두었어요 + en: Before I went outside, I put the keys on the **table** + - ko: 이 **탁자**가 너무 낮아요 + en: This **table** is too low + - ko: 병이 **탁자**에서 떨어졌다 + en: The bottle fell from the **table** + + - ko: 선생님 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-1-14.mp3 + en: teacher + notes: | +

This is often colloquially shortened to "쌤"

+

선생님 (or 쌤) is often used to broadly refer to anybody in any form of a teaching position, or anybody who works at any position in a school. For example, the maintenance people who work at a school would be referred to as "선생님" within the school.

+ examples: + - ko: 저는 **선생님**이 되고 싶어요 + en: I want to be a **teacher** + - ko: 저는 학교에서 저의 **선생님**을 항상 봐요 + en: I always see my **teacher** at school + - ko: 저는 **선생님**이에요 + en: I am a **teacher** + - ko: 저는 어제 **선생님**을 처음 만났어요 + en: I met my **teacher** for the first time yesterday + - ko: "**선생님**들은 다 나갔어요" + en: All the **teachers** left (went out) + - ko: "**선생님**은 학생들과 박물관에 갔다" + en: The **teacher** went to the museum with the students + - ko: 저는 **선생님**과 함께 공부했어요 + en: I studied with my **teacher** + - ko: "**선생님**들은 똑똑해요" + en: "**Teachers** are smart" + + - ko: 침대 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-1-15.mp3 + en: bed + examples: + - ko: 애기는 **침대**에서 자고 있어요 + en: The baby is sleeping in the **bed** + - ko: 저는 **침대**에 누워 있어요 + en: I'm lying in **bed** + - ko: 저의 사진은 **침대** 위에 걸려 있어요 + en: My picture is hanging above my **bed** + - ko: 피곤한 사람은 **침대**에 누워서 잤어요 + en: The tired person lay on the **bed** and slept + - ko: 저는 **침대**에 잠깐 눕고 싶어요 + en: I want to lie down in **bed** for just a second + + - ko: 집 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-1-16.mp3 + en: house + examples: + - ko: 저는 **집**에 돌아갈 거예요 + en: I am going back (returning) **home** + - ko: "**집** 값은 비싸지고 있어" + en: "**House** prices are getting expensive" + - ko: 저는 내일 선생님의 **집**을 방문하겠어요 + en: I will visit the teacher's **house** tomorrow + - ko: 저는 어제 **집**을 두 번 청소했어요 + en: I cleaned the **house** twice yesterday + - ko: 엄마는 우리를 위해 점심을 **집**에서 만들 거예요 + en: Mom will make lunch for us at **home** + - ko: 우리 엄마는 **집**에 와서 빨리 요리했습니다 + en: Our/my mom came **home** and quickly cooked + - ko: 우리는 **집**에 와서 바로 잤어요 + en: We came **home** and went to sleep immediately + - ko: "**집**에 가지 마!" + en: Don't go **home**! + - ko: 저는 세탁을 **집**에서 할 수 있어요 + en: I can do laundry at **home** + + - ko: 차 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-1-17.mp3 + en: car + notes: The counter for automobiles is "대". See Lesson 10 for more information + examples: + - ko: 우리 아버지는 **차**를 항상 안전하게 운전해요 + en: Our dad always drives his **car** safely + - ko: 저는 **차** 두 대가 있어요 + en: I have two **cars** + - ko: "어떤 종류의 **차**를 원해요?" + en: What type of **car** do you want + - ko: "이 **차**는 너무 비싸요" + en: "This **car** is too expensive" + - ko: 저는 새로운 **차**를 샀어요 + en: I bought a new **car** + + - ko: 사람 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-1-18.mp3 + en: person + notes: | +

The formal version of 사람 is "분"

+

The counter for people is "명" (informal) or "분" (formal). See Lesson 10 for more information

+ examples: + - ko: 그 **사람**은 아주 똑똑해요 + en: That **person** is very smart + - ko: 모든 아시아 **사람**들은 젓가락을 잘 쓴다 + en: All Asian **people** use chopsticks well + - ko: 그 **사람**은 미국에서 왔어요 + en: That **person** came from the United States + - ko: 저는 그 **사람**을 알아요 + en: I know that **person** + - ko: 저 **사람**은 저의 동생이에요 + en: That **person** is my younger sibling + - ko: 저는 그 **사람**을 싫어해요 + en: I don't like that **person** + - ko: 한국 **사람**들은 보통 아주 착해요 + en: Korean **people** are usually very nice + + - ko: 책 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-1-19.mp3 + en: book + notes: The word used to count books is "권" + examples: + - ko: 저는 좋은 **책**을 읽고 싶어요 + en: I want to read a good **book** + - ko: 저는 그것에 대해 **책**을 쓸 거예요 + en: I will write a **book** about it + - ko: 저는 친구에게 **책**을 돌려줬어요 + en: I gave my friend back his **book** + - ko: 저는 **책** 두 권을 읽었어요 + en: I read two **books** + - ko: 저는 그 **책**을 읽고 싶어요 + en: I want to read that **book** + - ko: 그 학생은 하루 종일 **책**을 읽을 수 있어요 + en: That student can read **books** all day + - ko: 이 박스에 **책**이 들어가 있어요 + en: There are **books** in this box + - ko: 저는 누워서 **책**을 읽었어요 + en: I lied down and read a **book** + + - ko: 컴퓨터 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-1-20.mp3 + en: computer + notes: Many new Korean words are simply English words with a Korean pronunciation pronouncing "컴퓨터" in Korean will sound like "computer" + examples: + - ko: "**컴퓨터**가 꺼져 있어요" + en: The **computer** is turned off + - ko: 저는 **컴퓨터**를 켰어요 + en: I turned the **computer** on + - ko: "**컴퓨터**가 켜져 있어요" + en: The **computer** is (in the state of being) on + - ko: 그는 고장 난 **컴퓨터**를 수리했어요 + en: He repaired the broken **computer** + - ko: 교실에서 선생님들을 **컴퓨터**로 대체할 수 없어요 + en: You can't replace teachers with **computers** in the classroom + + - ko: 나무 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-1-21.mp3 + en: tree/wood + examples: + - ko: 저는 집을 **나무**로 지었어요 + en: I made a house out of **wood** + - ko: 나는 우리 집을 **나무**로 지었어 + en: I built our house out of **wood** + - ko: 대부분의 원숭이는 **나무**에서 살아요 + en: Most monkeys live in **trees** + - ko: 아이들은 **나무** 주위에서 놀고 있어요 + en: The children are playing around the **tree** + + - ko: 소파 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-1-22.mp3 + en: sofa + notes: | +

Many new Korean words are simply English words with a Korean pronunciation pronouncing "소파" in Korean will sound like "sofa." Note that there is no way to pronounce the "F" sound in Korean. English words with an "F" that are borrowed to Korean usually use "ㅍ" to make the "F" sound.

+ examples: + - ko: 그는 **소파**에 앉아 있어요 + en: He is sitting on the **couch** + - ko: 이 **소파**는 아주 편해요 + en: This **sofa** is very comfortable + - ko: 애기는 높은 **소파**에서 떨어졌어요 + en: The baby fell from the high **sofa** + + - ko: 중국 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-1-23.mp3 + en: China + examples: + - ko: 우리는 곧 **중국**에 갈 거예요 + en: We are going to **China** soon + - ko: 그 사람은 **중국**에서 왔어요 + en: That person came from **China** + - ko: 그 사람은 **중국**인이에요 + en: That person is **Chinese** + - ko: "**중국** 사람들은 한국사람들보다 더 가난해요" + en: "**Chinese** people are poorer than Korean people" + - ko: 한국 사람과 **중국** 사람은 문화적으로 달라요 + en: Korean and **Chinese** people are culturally different + - ko: 한국에는 황사가 **중국**에서 봄마다 와요 + en: Yellow dust comes to Korea every spring from **China** + - ko: "**중국** 사람들은 소금을 쓰는 것 대신에 음식에 간장을 뿌려요" + en: Instead of using salt, **Chinese** people put soy sauce on their food + + - ko: 일본 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-1-24.mp3 + en: Japan + examples: + - ko: 그 사람은 **일본**에서 왔어요 + en: That person is from **Japan** + - ko: "**일본**은 전쟁에서 한국을 공격했어요" + en: "**Japan** attacked Korea in the war" + - ko: 저는 **일본**에 스무 번 넘게 가 봤어요 + en: I've been to **Japan** more than twenty times + - ko: 요즘에 한국 사람들은 **일본**에 별로 가고 싶지 않아요 + en: These days, Korean people don't really want to go to **Japan** + - ko: 한국 집값은 **일본** 집값보다 훨씬 높아요 + en: The price of Korean houses is much higher than the price of houses in **Japan** + - ko: "**일본**에서 성인들은 미국 청소년보다 만화책을 더 많이 읽어요" + en: "In **Japan**, adults read more comic books than young people in America" + + - ko: 문 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-1-25.mp3 + en: door + notes: | +

On the subway, you will hear "내리실 문은 왼쪽/오른쪽이에요" – "The doors are on your left/right."

+

On the bus, you will see signs saying "문이 완전히 열릴 때까지 버스에서 내리거나 문에 기대지 마세요" – "Until the door is fully/completely open, don't get off the bus or lean on the door"

+ examples: + - ko: "**문**을 닫아야 돼요" + en: You have to close the **door** + - ko: 저는 **문**을 잠갔어요 + en: I locked the **door** + - ko: 저는 **문**을 열 거예요 + en: I will open the **door** + - ko: 너무 추워서 **문**을 닫았어요 + en: I closed the **door** because it is too cold + - ko: "**문**이 완전히 열릴 때까지 버스에서 내리거나 문에 기대지 마세요" + en: Until the **door** is fully/completely open, don't get off the bus or lean on the **door** + + - ko: 의사 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-1-26.mp3 + en: doctor + notes: Korean people don't refer to people with a Ph.D. as "doctor." Instead, they use the term "박사(님)." + examples: + - ko: 저는 **의사**가 무서워요 + en: I am afraid of **doctors** + - ko: "**의사**들은 돈이 많아요" + en: "**doctors** have a lot of money" + - ko: 저의 친구는 **의사**예요 + en: My friend is a **doctor** + - ko: "**의사**들은 문제에 대해 과학적으로 생각했어요" + en: The **doctors** thought about the problem scientifically + - ko: 저는 정신과**의사**가 되려고 열심히 공부하고 있어요 + en: I am studying hard to become a **psychiatrist** + + - ko: 학생 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-3.mp3 + en: student + examples: + - ko: 저는 좋은 **학생**이에요 + en: I am a good **student** + - ko: 저는 **학생**이 아니에요 + en: I am not a **student** + - ko: 선생님은 내일 **학생**들을 만날 거야 + en: The teacher will meet the **students** tomorrow + - ko: 저는 **학생**들이 실망스러웠어요 + en: I was disappointed in the **students** + - ko: 저는 **학생**들에게 수업을 가르쳤어요 + en: I taught the class to the **students** + - ko: "**선생님**은 **학생**들과 박물관에 갔다" + en: The teacher went to the museum with the **students** + + other: + - ko: 이다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-1-27.mp3 + en: to be + notes: | +

This is the first time you are being introduced to a word that must be conjugated in order to be used. Visit Lesson 5 for more information. Any word that ends in "다" must be conjugated to be used. The conjugation of 이다 is different than other words. I introduce all of these conjugations in Lesson 9.

+

"to be" can be many words in English. For example, I am, he is, they are, I was, they were. 이다 acts as all of these words.

+ examples: + - ko: 저는 예쁜 여자**예요** + en: I **am** a beautiful girl + - ko: 저 건물은 학교**입니다** + en: That building **is** a school + - ko: 그것은 사진**이에요** + en: That thing **is** a picture + - ko: 이 사람은 저의 누나**예요** + en: This (person) **is** my sister + - ko: 그것은 큰 비밀**이었어요** + en: That **was** a big secret + - ko: 저는 의사**였어요** + en: I **was** a doctor + + - ko: 네 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-1-29.mp3 + en: "yes" + notes: | +

Informally, you can say "응" to mean "yes"

+

When speaking on the phone, Korean people often say this many times and pronounce it as "데"

+ examples: + - ko: "**네**, 저는 가고 싶어요" + en: "**Yes**, I want to go" + - ko: "**네**, 알겠습니다" + en: "**Yes**, okay. (I got it)" + - ko: "**네**, 그렇습니다" + en: "**Yes**, that is correct (that is the way it is)" + - ko: "**네**, 그럴게요" + en: "**Yes/Okay**, I will do that if that's what you want" + - ko: "**네**, 갔다 올게요" + en: "**Yes/Okay**, I will go, and then come back" + + - ko: 아니 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-1-30.mp3 + en: "no" + notes: | +

In formal situations, "아니요" is more respectful

+ +

Person 1: 숙소비가 얼마예요? 10만원? = How much is the lodging fee? 100,000 won?

+

Person 2: 아니요. 10만원 조금 넘어요 = No. A little more than 100,000 won

+ examples: + - ko: "**아니요**, 안 했어요" + en: "**No**, I didn't do it" + - ko: "**아니요**. 10만원 조금 넘어요" + en: "**No**. A little more than 100,000 won" +--- + # Lesson 1: Basic Korean Sentences ## Vocabulary + + ### Nouns 한국 = Korea @@ -29,9 +633,9 @@ Examples - 저는 7년 동안 **한국**에서 살았어요 = I lived in **Korea** for seven years - 저는 내년에 **한국**에 갈 거예요 = I will go to **Korea** next year - 저의 어머니는 올해 **한국**에 올 것입니다 = My mom will come to **Korea** this year -- 저는 한국어를 **한국**에서 배웠어요 = I learned Korean in Korea -- 고등학교는 **한국**에서 어려워요 = High school is difficult in Korea -- 그 집은 **한국**에서 지어졌어요 = that house was built in Korea +- 저는 한국어를 **한국**에서 배웠어요 = I learned Korean in **Korea** +- 고등학교는 **한국**에서 어려워요 = High school is difficult in **Korea** +- 그 집은 **한국**에서 지어졌어요 = that house was built in **Korea** - 저는 **한국**에서 살고 있어요 = I live in **Korea** @@ -49,7 +653,7 @@ Common Usages: Example: -- 서울은 큰 **도시**예요 = Seoul is a big city +- 서울은 큰 **도시**예요 = Seoul is a big **city** - 어느 **도시**에 갈 거예요? = What **city** are you going to go to? - 이 **도시**는 분위기가 좋아요 = This **city** has a good atmosphere - 서울 대신에 다른 **도시**에 갈 거예요? = Other than Seoul, will you go to another **city**? @@ -164,7 +768,7 @@ Examples - 그는 잘생긴 **남자**예요 = He is a handsome **man** - **남자**는 방에 들어왔어요 = That **man** came into room - 저는 잘생긴 **남자**를 만났어요 = I met a handsome **man** -- 저의 친구는 주로 남자예요 = My friends are mostly men +- 저의 친구는 주로 남자예요 = My friends are mostly **men** - 그 남자가 키가 너무 커요 = That **man** is very tall - 어떤 남자는 어제 여기에 왔어 = Some **man** came here yesterday @@ -183,7 +787,7 @@ Common Usages Examples -- 그녀는 예쁜 **여자**예요 = She is a beautiful girl +- 그녀는 예쁜 **여자**예요 = She is a beautiful **girl** - 그 **여자**의 머리 색깔은 자연스러워요 = That **girl**’s hair color is natural - 저의 **여자** 친구는 귀엽고 예뻐요 = My **girl**friend is cute and pretty - 저는 그 **여자**를 사랑해요 = I love that **girl** @@ -292,7 +896,7 @@ Not only used as a simple noun, but also used as a noun that can be described by Examples -- 저는 비싼 **것**만 좋아해요 = I only like expensive things +- 저는 비싼 **것**만 좋아해요 = I only like expensive **things** - 그**것**을 어떻게 해요? = How do you do that (**thing**)? - 이**것**은 뭐야? = What is this (**thing**)? - 이**것**은 얼마예요? = How much is this (**thing**)? @@ -320,11 +924,11 @@ Common Usages: Examples: - **이것**은 뭐야? = What is **this (thing)**? -- **이것**은 너무 작은가요? = Is **this** (**thing**) too small? +- **이것**은 너무 작은가요? = Is **this (thing)** too small? - **이것**은 여권이야 = **This (thing)** is a passport -- **이것**이 더 좋아요 = **This** (**thing**) is better -- **이것**을 보셔요 = Look at this (thing) -- 이것을 먹어 봐! = Eat **this (thing)**! (Try eating **this (thing)**!) +- **이것**이 더 좋아요 = **This (thing)** is better +- **이것**을 보셔요 = Look at **this (thing)** +- **이것**을 먹어 봐! = Eat **this (thing)**! (Try eating **this (thing)**!) - 모든 프린터 중에 **이것**이 제일 싸요 = Among all the printers, **this (one)** is the cheapest - **이것**을 다 작성해 주실래요? = Can you write all of **this** up for me? - **이것**은 처음이자 마지막 기회예요 = **This** is the first and last chance @@ -395,7 +999,7 @@ Common Usages Example -- 그녀는 **의자**에서 일어났어요 = She rose up from her chair +- 그녀는 **의자**에서 일어났어요 = She rose up from her **chair** - 고양이는 **의자** 밑에 있다 = The cat is under the **chair** - **의자**는 탁자보다 더 낮아요 = The **chair** is lower than the table - 저는 **의자**를 앞으로 움직였어요 = I moved my **chair** forward @@ -419,10 +1023,10 @@ Common Usages Examples -- 저는 잡지를 **탁자** 위에 놓을 거예요 = I will put the magazine on the table -- 펜이 **탁자**에 놓여 있었어요 = The pen was (laying) on the table -- 의자는 **탁자**보다 더 낮아요 = The chair is lower than the table -- 밖에 나가기 전에 열쇠를 **탁자**에 두었어요 = Before I went outside, I put the keys on the table +- 저는 잡지를 **탁자** 위에 놓을 거예요 = I will put the magazine on the **table** +- 펜이 **탁자**에 놓여 있었어요 = The pen was (laying) on the **table** +- 의자는 **탁자**보다 더 낮아요 = The chair is lower than the **table** +- 밖에 나가기 전에 열쇠를 **탁자**에 두었어요 = Before I went outside, I put the keys on the **table** - 이 **탁자**가 너무 낮아요 = This **table** is too low - 병이 **탁자**에서 떨어졌다 = The bottle fell from the **table** @@ -447,9 +1051,9 @@ Common Usages: Examples -- 저는 **선생님**이 되고 싶어요 = I want to be a teacher +- 저는 **선생님**이 되고 싶어요 = I want to be a **teacher** - 저는 학교에서 저의 **선생님**을 항상 봐요 = I always see my **teacher** at school -- 저는 **선생님**이에요 = I am a teacher +- 저는 **선생님**이에요 = I am a **teacher** - 저는 어제 **선생님**을 처음 만났어요 = I met my **teacher** for the first time yesterday - **선생님**들은 다 나갔어요 = All the **teachers** left (went out) - **선생님**은 학생들과 박물관에 갔다 = The **teacher** went to the museum with the students @@ -471,9 +1075,9 @@ Common usages: Examples -- 애기는 **침대**에서 자고 있어요 = The baby is sleeping in the bed +- 애기는 **침대**에서 자고 있어요 = The baby is sleeping in the **bed** - 저는 **침대**에 누워 있어요 = I’m lying in **bed** -- 저의 사진은 **침대** 위에 걸려 있어요 = My picture is hanging above my bed +- 저의 사진은 **침대** 위에 걸려 있어요 = My picture is hanging above my **bed** - 피곤한 사람은 **침대**에 누워서 잤어요 = The tired person lay on the **bed** and slept - 저는 **침대**에 잠깐 눕고 싶어요 = I want to lie down in **bed** for just a second @@ -500,7 +1104,7 @@ Examples - **집** 값은 비싸지고 있어 = **House** prices are getting expensive - 저는 내일 선생님의 **집**을 방문하겠어요 = I will visit the teacher’s **house** tomorrow - 저는 어제 **집**을 두 번 청소했어요 = I cleaned the **house** twice yesterday -- 엄마는 우리를 위해 점심을 **집**에서 만들 거예요 = Mom will make lunch for us at home +- 엄마는 우리를 위해 점심을 **집**에서 만들 거예요 = Mom will make lunch for us at **home** - 우리 엄마는 **집**에 와서 빨리 요리했습니다 = Our/my mom came **home** and quickly cooked - 우리는 **집**에 와서 바로 잤어요 = We came **home** and went to sleep immediately - **집**에 가지 마! = Don’t go **home**! @@ -561,9 +1165,9 @@ Examples - 그 **사람**은 아주 똑똑해요 = That **person** is very smart - 모든 아시아 **사람**들은 젓가락을 잘 쓴다 = All Asian **people** use chopsticks well - 그 **사람**은 미국에서 왔어요 = That **person** came from the United States -- 저는 그 **사람**을 알아요 = I know that person +- 저는 그 **사람**을 알아요 = I know that **person** - 저 **사람**은 저의 동생이에요 = That **person** is my younger sibling -- 저는 그 **사람**을 싫어해요 = I don’t like that person +- 저는 그 **사람**을 싫어해요 = I don’t like that **person** - 한국 **사람**들은 보통 아주 착해요 = Korean **people** are usually very nice @@ -591,11 +1195,11 @@ The word used to count books is “권” Examples -- 저는 좋은 **책**을 읽고 싶어요 = I want to read a good book +- 저는 좋은 **책**을 읽고 싶어요 = I want to read a good **book** - 저는 그것에 대해 **책**을 쓸 거예요 = I will write a **book** about it - 저는 친구에게 **책**을 돌려줬어요 = I gave my friend back his **book** -- 저는 **책** 두 권을 읽었어요 = I read two books -- 저는 그 **책**을 읽고 싶어요 = I want to read that book +- 저는 **책** 두 권을 읽었어요 = I read two **books** +- 저는 그 **책**을 읽고 싶어요 = I want to read that **book** - 그 학생은 하루 종일 **책**을 읽을 수 있어요 = That student can read **books** all day - 이 박스에 **책**이 들어가 있어요 = There are **books** in this box - 저는 누워서 **책**을 읽었어요 = I lied down and read a **book** @@ -621,7 +1225,7 @@ Examples: - **컴퓨터**가 꺼져 있어요 = The **computer** is turned off - 저는 **컴퓨터**를 켰어요 = I turned the **computer** on - **컴퓨터**가 켜져 있어요 = The **computer** is (in the state of being) on -- 그는 고장 난 **컴퓨터**를 수리했어요 = He repaired the broken computer +- 그는 고장 난 **컴퓨터**를 수리했어요 = He repaired the broken **computer** - 교실에서 선생님들을 **컴퓨터**로 대체할 수 없어요 = You can’t replace teachers with **computers** in the classroom @@ -640,9 +1244,9 @@ Common Usages: Examples -- 저는 집을 **나무**로 지었어요 = I made a house out of wood -- 나는 우리 집을 **나무**로 지었어 = I built our house out of wood -- 대부분의 원숭이는 **나무**에서 살아요 = Most monkeys live in trees +- 저는 집을 **나무**로 지었어요 = I made a house out of **wood** +- 나는 우리 집을 **나무**로 지었어 = I built our house out of **wood** +- 대부분의 원숭이는 **나무**에서 살아요 = Most monkeys live in **trees** - 아이들은 **나무** 주위에서 놀고 있어요 = The children are playing around the **tree** @@ -657,7 +1261,7 @@ Many new Korean words are simply English words with a Korean pronunciation prono Example -- 그는 **소파**에 앉아 있어요 = He is sitting on the couch +- 그는 **소파**에 앉아 있어요 = He is sitting on the **couch** - 이 **소파**는 아주 편해요 = This **sofa** is very comfortable - 애기는 높은 **소파**에서 떨어졌어요 = The baby fell from the high **sofa** @@ -676,7 +1280,7 @@ Common Usages Example: - 우리는 곧 **중국**에 갈 거예요 = We are going to **China** soon -- 그 사람은 **중국**에서 왔어요 = That person came from China +- 그 사람은 **중국**에서 왔어요 = That person came from **China** - 그 사람은 **중국**인이에요 = That person is **Chinese** - **중국** 사람들은 한국사람들보다 더 가난해요 = **Chinese** people are poorer than Korean people - 한국 사람과 **중국** 사람은 문화적으로 달라요 = Korean and **Chinese** people are culturally different @@ -699,12 +1303,9 @@ Example - 그 사람은 **일본**에서 왔어요 = That person is from **Japan** - **일본**은 전쟁에서 한국을 공격했어요 = **Japan** attacked Korea in the war - 저는 **일본**에 스무 번 넘게 가 봤어요 = I’ve been to **Japan** more than twenty times -- 요즘에 한국 사람들은 **일본**에 별로 가고 싶지 않아요 - - These days, Korean people don’t really want to go to **Japan** -- 한국 집값은 **일본** 집값보다 훨씬 높아요 - - The price of Korean houses is much higher than the price of houses in **Japan** -- **일본**에서 성인들은 미국 청소년보다 만화책을 더 많이 읽어요 - - In **Japan**, adults read more comic books than young people in America +- 요즘에 한국 사람들은 **일본**에 별로 가고 싶지 않아요 = These days, Korean people don’t really want to go to **Japan** +- 한국 집값은 **일본** 집값보다 훨씬 높아요 = The price of Korean houses is much higher than the price of houses in **Japan** +- **일본**에서 성인들은 미국 청소년보다 만화책을 더 많이 읽어요 = In **Japan**, adults read more comic books than young people in America @@ -730,9 +1331,11 @@ Common Usages: Example -- **문**을 닫아야 돼요 = You have to close the door -- 저는 **문**을 잠갔어요 = I locked the door -- 저는 **문**을 열 거예요 = I will open the door +- **문**을 닫아야 돼요 = You have to close the **door** + +# - 저는 **문**을 잠갔어요 = I locked the **door** + +- 저는 **문**을 열 거예요 = I will open the **door** - 너무 추워서 **문**을 닫았어요 = I closed the **door** because it is too cold - **문**이 완전히 열릴 때까지 버스에서 내리거나 문에 기대지 마세요 = Until the **door** is fully/completely open, don’t get off the bus or lean on the **door** @@ -781,11 +1384,11 @@ Common Usages: Examples -- 저는 좋은 **학생**이에요 = I am a good student -- 저는 **학생**이 아니에요 = I am not a student +- 저는 좋은 **학생**이에요 = I am a good **student** +- 저는 **학생**이 아니에요 = I am not a **student** - 선생님은 내일 **학생**들을 만날 거야 = The teacher will meet the **students** tomorrow -- 저는 **학생**들이 실망스러웠어요 = I was disappointed in the students -- 저는 **학생**들에게 수업을 가르쳤어요 = I taught the class to the students +- 저는 **학생**들이 실망스러웠어요 = I was disappointed in the **students** +- 저는 **학생**들에게 수업을 가르쳤어요 = I taught the class to the **students** - 선생님은 **학생**들과 박물관에 갔다 = The teacher went to the museum with the **students** @@ -810,12 +1413,12 @@ Notes Examples: -- 저는 예쁜 여자**예요** = I **am** a beautiful girl -- 저 건물은 학교**입니다** = That building **is** a school -- 그것은 사진**이에요** = That thing **is** a picture -- 이 사람은 저의 누나**예요** = This (person) **is** my sister -- 그것은 큰 비밀**이었어요** = That **was** a big secret -- 저는 의사**였어요** = I **was** a doctor +- 저는 예쁜 여자**예요** = I **am** a beautiful girl +- 저 건물은 학교**입니다** = That building **is** a school +- 그것은 사진**이에요** = That thing **is** a picture +- 이 사람은 저의 누나**예요** = This (person) **is** my sister +- 그것은 큰 비밀**이었어요** = That **was** a big secret +- 저는 의사**였어요** = I **was** a doctor diff --git a/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/02-particles.md b/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/02-particles.md index 4285f5b..abb6f19 100644 --- a/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/02-particles.md +++ b/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/02-particles.md @@ -92,6 +92,11 @@ vocabulary: audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-2-7.mp3 en: dog notes: The word "강아지" is usually used for dogs that are pets. + examples: + - ko: "**개**는 고양이랑 쥐보다 더 커요" + en: "**Dogs** are bigger than cats and mice" + - ko: "**개**는 집 안에 있어요" + en: The **dog** is in the house - ko: 강아지 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-2-8.mp3 diff --git a/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/03-verbs.md b/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/03-verbs.md index 6e13238..070bbbc 100644 --- a/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/03-verbs.md +++ b/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/03-verbs.md @@ -121,8 +121,8 @@ vocabulary: en: That girl's **hair** color is natural - ko: 친구가 **머리**를 깎은 것을 알아보지 못했어요 en: I couldn't recognize that my friend cut his **hair** - - ko: 저의 머리카락을 꼬지 말아 달라고 했어요 - en: I told her to please stop twisting my hair + - ko: 저의 **머리**카락을 꼬지 말아 달라고 했어요 + en: I told her to please stop twisting my **hair** - ko: 다리 audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-3-8.mp3 @@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ vocabulary: en: You shouldn't put rubber in your **mouth** - ko: 음식을 **입**에 넣은 채 말해서는 안 돼요 en: You shouldn't talk with food in your **mouth** - - ko: 마취를 했지만 입에 아직 감각이 있어요 + - ko: 마취를 했지만 **입**에 아직 감각이 있어요 en: I received anesthetic, but there is still feeling in my **mouth** - ko: 배