diff --git a/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/04-adjectives.md b/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/04-adjectives.md index 01d96e6..db8ba73 100644 --- a/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/04-adjectives.md +++ b/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/04-adjectives.md @@ -1,18 +1,793 @@ +--- +vocabulary: + nouns: + - ko: 길 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-1.mp3 + en: street + notes: | +

This is also used to indicate that somebody is "on the way" somewhere. For example: 저는 집에 가는 길이에요 = I am on my way home. This grammar is taught in Lesson 113.

+ examples: + - ko: 이 **길**에서 오른 쪽으로 가세요 + en: Turn right at this **street** + - ko: 이 **길**에서 직진하세요 + en: Go straight on this **road** + - ko: 우리는 옛**길**을 따라 걸었어요 + en: We walked along, following the old **road** + + - ko: 거리 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-2.mp3 + en: street/road + examples: + - ko: "**거리**에 사람이 많았어요" + en: There was a lot of people on the **street** + - ko: 저는 긴 **거리**를 건넜어요 + en: I crossed the long **street** + - ko: 저는 **거리**를 안전하게 건넜어요 + en: I crossed the **street** safely + - ko: 우리는 사**거리**에서 왼쪽으로 돌았어요 + en: We turned left at the **intersection** + + - ko: 손 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-4.mp3 + en: hand + examples: + - ko: 저는 (저의) **손**을 들었어요 + en: I raised/lifted my **hand** + - ko: "**손**을 씻으세요!" + en: Wash your **hands**! + - ko: 손을 잘 **씻**고 먹어요 + en: To wash one's **hands** well, and then eat + + - ko: 영어 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-5.mp3 + en: English + examples: + - ko: 제가 수업을 하면 항상 **영어**로 해요 + en: When I teach, I always do so in **English** + - ko: 저는 **영어**를 공부할 거예요 + en: I will study **English** + - ko: 한국 사람들은 외국 사람들과 **영어**를 연습하고 싶어요 + en: Korean people want to practice their **English** with foreigners + - ko: 저는 **영어**랑 한국어를 학교에서 배웠어요 + en: I learned **English** and Korean at school + - ko: 그 사람은 **영어**를 자연스럽게 말해요 + en: That person speaks **English** naturally + - ko: "**영어**를 어떻게 배웠어요?" + en: How did you learn **English**? + - ko: 한국어는 **영어**보다 훨씬 어려워요 + en: Korean is much more difficult than **English** + - ko: 그 선생님은 **영어**를 가르친 지 20 년 됐어요 + en: That teacher has been teaching **English** for 20 years + + - ko: 택시 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-6.mp3 + en: taxi + examples: + - ko: "**택시**는 버스보다 더 빨라요" + en: The **taxi** is quicker than the bus + - ko: 지하철을 놓쳤기 때문에 **택시**를 타야 돼요 + en: I missed the subway, so I must take a **taxi** + + - ko: 열차 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-7.mp3 + en: train + examples: + - ko: "**열차**는 택시보다 더 빨라요" + en: The **train** is faster than the taxi + + - ko: 역 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-8.mp3 + en: train/subway station + examples: + - ko: "홍대**역**에서 어떻게 가요?" + en: How do I get to Hong-dae **station**? + - ko: 저는 서울**역**에서 내릴 거예요 + en: I will get off at Seoul **station** + - ko: "전철**역**까지 걸어갈래요?" + en: Shall we walk to the subway **station**? + - ko: 이 기차는 서울**역**까지 가요 + en: This train goes to/until Seoul **Station** + + - ko: 버스 정류장 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-9.mp3 + en: bus stop + notes: | +

The pronunciation of this word is closer to "버스 정뉴장"

+

This refers to the bus stop for a public transportation style city bus. For inter-city buses, the word "버스 터미널" (bus terminal) is more frequently used.

+ examples: + - ko: "**버스 정류장**에서 버스를 타야 돼요" + en: You must get on the bus at the **bus station** + - ko: 다음 버스는 저 **정류장**에서 출발할 거예요 + en: The next bus will leave from that **stop** + + - ko: 비행기 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-10.mp3 + en: airplane + examples: + - ko: "**비행기**가 아직 출발할 준비가 안 됐습니까?" + en: Is the **plane** not yet ready to depart? + - ko: 하늘에 **비행기**가 있어요 + en: There is a **plane** in the sky + - ko: 거기에 가고 싶으면 **비행기**를 타야 돼요 + en: If you want to go there, you must take an **airplane** + - ko: "**비행기**가 9시에 출발할 예정이지만 눈이 많이 와서 못 출발할 것 같아요" + en: The **plane** is scheduled to depart at 9:00, but it probably won't because it is snowing a lot + + - ko: 자전거 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-11.mp3 + en: bicycle + notes: | +

This word appears in my Korean Sign Explanation [Video #6]

+

+ examples: + - ko: 저는 **자전거**를 타는 것이 너무 좋아요 + en: I like riding **bicycles** + - ko: 무릎이 아플 때 **자전거**를 타지 마세요 + en: When your knee hurts, don't ride a **bike** + + - ko: 아내 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-12.mp3 + en: wife + notes: The word "와이프" is commonly used these days. + examples: + - ko: 저의 **아내**는 너무 예뻐요 + en: My **wife** is very pretty + - ko: 저는 **아내**한테 꽃을 줬어요 + en: I gave flowers to my **wife** + - ko: 저는 저의 **아내**와 유럽에서 사랑에 빠졌어요 + en: I fell in love with my **wife** in Europe + - ko: 저의 **아내**는 자기가 요리한 것을 보통 안 먹어요 + en: My **wife** usually doesn't eat the food she cooks + - ko: 제가 **아내**와 결혼하기 전에 우리는 2년 동안 사귀었어요 + en: Before marrying my **wife**, we went out/dated for 2 years + + - ko: 아이 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-13.mp3 + en: child + examples: + - ko: 우리 **아이**는 아직 두 살이에요 + en: My **child** is still 2 years old + - ko: 우리 셋째 **아이**는 야구를 좋아해요 + en: Our third **child** likes baseball + - ko: 이 **아이**는 우리 첫째 아들이에요 + en: This (**child**) is our first son + - ko: 부모님들은 **아이**에 영향을 준다/미친다 + en: Parents have an influence on their **children** + - ko: "**아이**들은 나무 주위에서 놀고 있어요" + en: The **children** are playing around the tree + - ko: 저는 **아이**를 잃어버려서 걱정이 되었어요 + en: I was worried because I lost the **baby** + - ko: 그녀는 **아이**가 죽었다는 사실을 숨겼어요 + en: She hid (the fact that) her **child** died + - ko: "**아이**들은 자기 부모님을 존경해야 돼요" + en: "**Children** must respect their parents" + - ko: 저는 **아이**들이랑 바다에서 수영했어요 + en: I swam in the sea with the **kids** + - ko: "**아이**들은 만화영화를 매우 좋아해요" + en: "**Children** really like animated movies" + + - ko: 아들 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-14.mp3 + en: son + examples: + - ko: 우리 **아들**은 대학생이에요 + en: Our **son** is a university student + - ko: 할아버지는 우리 **아들**에게 돈을 주었어요 + en: Grandpa gave money to our **son** + - ko: 저의 **아들**은 열이 났어요 + en: My **son** had a fever + - ko: 저는 우리 **아들**이 자랑스러워요 + en: I am proud of our **son** + - ko: 너는 나쁜 **아들**이야 + en: You are a bad **son** + - ko: 저는 **아들** 세 명이 있어요 + en: I have three **sons** + - ko: 그 사람은 **아들** 한 명만 있어요 + en: That person only has one **son** + - ko: "**아들**은 엄마를 위해 박스를 들었어요" + en: The **son** carried the box for his mother + - ko: 우리 **아들**은 자기(의) 일을 항상 혼자 하고 싶어요 + en: Our **son** always wants to do his work alone + + - ko: 딸 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-15.mp3 + en: daughter + examples: + - ko: 우리 **딸**은 그 고등학교를 다녀요 + en: Our **daughter** attends that high school + - ko: 저는 저의 **딸**이 아주 자랑스러워요 + en: I am very proud of my **daughter** + - ko: 우리 **딸**은 사랑스러운 여자예요 + en: Our **daughter** is a loving/lovely girl + - ko: "**딸**은 어제부터 아팠어요" + en: The/our **daughter** has been sick (was sick) since yesterday + + - ko: 남편 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-16.mp3 + en: husband + examples: + - ko: 저의 **남편**은 선생님이에요 + en: my **husband** is a teacher + - ko: 저는 **남편**을 공원에서 만날 거예요 + en: I will meet my **husband** at the park + - ko: 그 여자의 **남편**이 비서랑 바람을 피운다는 소문이 있어요 + en: There is a rumor that that woman's **husband** is having an affair with his secretary + + - ko: 아버지 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-17.mp3 + en: father + notes: The word "아빠" is used colloquially + examples: + - ko: "**아버지**는 지금 일하고 있어요" + en: "**Dad** is working now" + - ko: 형하고 **아버지**는 영화를 봤어요 + en: My brother and **dad** saw a movie + - ko: 저와 저의 **아버지**는 너무 비슷해요 + en: I am very similar to my **father** + - ko: 저의 **아버지**는 모자를 항상 써요 + en: My **father** always wears a hat + - ko: 우리 **아버지**는 예전에 옷을 팔았어요 + en: Our **dad** sold clothes in the past + - ko: 우리 **아버지**는 고모와 살고 있어요 + en: Our **father** lives with our aunt + - ko: 나는 **아버지**랑 공원에 갈 거야 + en: I will go to the park with my **dad** + + - ko: 어머니 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-18.mp3 + en: mother + notes: The word "엄마" is used colloquially + examples: + - ko: 우리 **어머니**는 서울대학교를 다녔어요 + en: Our **mom** attended Seoul University + - ko: 저는 밥을 친구랑 저의 **어머니**랑 먹었어요 + en: I ate (rice) with my **mom** and my friend + - ko: 저의 **어머니**는 언니 세 명이 있어요 + en: My **mother** has three (older) sisters + - ko: 저의 **어머니**는 올해 한국에 올 것입니다 + en: My **mom** will come to Korea this year + + - ko: 편지 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-19.mp3 + en: letter + examples: + - ko: 저는 여자 친구를 위해 **편지**를 썼어요 + en: I wrote a **letter** for my girlfriend + - ko: 저는 여자친구에게서 **편지**를 받았어요 + en: I received a **letter** from my girlfriend + - ko: 저는 여자친구를 위해 **편지**를 쓰고 싶어요 + en: I want to write a **letter** for my girlfriend + - ko: 우리는 서로 **편지**를 줬어요 + en: We gave **letters** to each other + - ko: 저는 옛날 친구한테 **편지**를 보냈어요 + en: I sent a **letter** to an old friend + - ko: 저의 여자 친구는 제가 쓴 **편지**를 찢었어요 + en: My girlfriend ripped up the **letter** that I wrote for her + + - ko: 맛 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-20.mp3 + en: taste + notes: | +

맛 and 있다 come together to make "delicious" but this literally means "to have taste." Likewise, the direct translation for "맛없다" or (맛이 없다) is "to have no taste"

+ examples: + - ko: "**맛**이 조금 이상해요" + en: The **taste** is a little bit strange + - ko: 빨간 사과는 가장 **맛**있어요 + en: Red apples are the most **delicious** + - ko: 이 떡은 쓰레기 **맛** 같아 + en: This 떡 **tastes** like garbage + + - ko: 식사 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-21.mp3 + en: meal + notes: The pronunciation of this word is closer to "식싸" + examples: + - ko: 저는 할머니를 위해 **식사**를 준비했어요 + en: I prepared a **meal** for grandmother + - ko: 저는 아침**식사**를 안 먹었어요 + en: I didn't eat **breakfast** + - ko: 저는 보통 점심**식사**로 과일만 먹어요 + en: I usually only eat fruit for **lunch** + - ko: 엄마가 온 후에 저는 저녁**식사**를 먹을 거예요 + en: After mom comes home, I will eat **dinner** + - ko: 교감선생님은 선생님들을 위해 **식사**를 살 거예요 + en: The vice principal will buy a **meal** for all the teachers + + - ko: 아침 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-22.mp3 + en: morning + notes: | + This can also be used to refer to "breakfast." For example: "저는 아침을 안 먹었어요" = "I didn't eat breakfast" + examples: + - ko: 저는 **아침**에 일찍 일어났어요 + en: I woke up early in the **morning** + - ko: 저는 **아침**부터 밤까지 공부만 했어요 + en: I only studied from **morning** to night + - ko: 대부분 사람들은 **아침**밥을 먹지 않는다 + en: Most people don't eat **breakfast** (rice breakfast) + - ko: 저는 항상 **아침**에 운동해요 + en: I always exercise in the **morning** + - ko: "**아침**으로 무엇을 먹었어요?" + en: What did you eat for **breakfast**? + + - ko: 아침식사 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-23.mp3 + en: breakfast + notes: The pronunciation of this word is closer to "아침식싸" + examples: + - ko: 저는 오늘 **아침식사**를 못 먹었어요 + en: I didn't eat **breakfast** today + - ko: 저는 **아침식사**로 밥을 먹었어요 + en: I ate rice for **breakfast** + + - ko: 물 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-24.mp3 + en: water + examples: + - ko: 잘하려면 **물**을 마셔야 돼요 + en: If you want to do well, you must drink **water** + - ko: 저는 **물**만 마셔요 + en: I only drink **water** + - ko: 애기는 우유 대신에 **물**만 마시고 싶어요 + en: The baby wants to drink **water** instead of milk + + - ko: 사과 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-25.mp3 + en: apple + examples: + - ko: 저는 **사과**랑 바나나를 샀어요 + en: I bought **apples** and bananas + - ko: 바나나는 **사과**보다 더 맛있어요 + en: Bananas are more delicious than **apples** + - ko: "**사과**도 여기서 파나요?" + en: Do you sell **apples** here too? + - ko: 빨간 **사과**는 가장 맛있어요 + en: Red **apples** are the most delicious + + - ko: 돈 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson-11-vocab-14.mp3 + en: money + examples: + - ko: 저는 **돈**이 없어요 + en: I don't have any **money** + - ko: 어머님은 너에게 **돈**을 줬어? + en: Did your mother give you **money**? + - ko: 저는 **돈**을 받을 때 행복할 거예요 + en: When I receive (the) **money**, I will be happy + - ko: 의사들은 **돈**이 많아 + en: Doctors have a lot of **money** + - ko: 아버지는 아들에게 **돈**을 준다 + en: The father gives **money** to his son + - ko: 저는 **돈**을 정부로부터 받았어요 + en: I received **money** from the government + - ko: 얼마나 많은 **돈**을 가져갈 거야? + en: How much **money** will you bring? + + verbs: + - ko: 오다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-26.mp3 + en: to come + examples: + - ko: 그 사람은 미국에서 **왔어요** + en: That person **came** from the United States + - ko: 친구들은 언제 **올 거예요**? + en: When are the friends **coming**? + - ko: "어디에서 **왔어요**?" + en: Where are you from (from where did you **come**?) + - ko: 저의 친구는 6시 30분에 **올** **거예요** + en: My friend will **come** at 6:30 + - ko: 그는 **올** **거**라고 약속했어요 + en: He promised that he would **come** + - ko: 캐나다에 언제 돌아**올** 거예요? + en: When are you **coming** back to Canada? + - ko: 선생님 몇 분 **올** **거예요**? + en: How many teachers will **come**? + - ko: 어제 어떤 남자가 **왔어요**? + en: Which man **came** here yesterday? + + - ko: 끝내다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-27.mp3 + en: to finish + notes: | +

The pronunciation of this word is closer to "끈내다"

+

It is often more common to use the passive form (끝나다) to indicate that you finished something. For example: "일이 끝났어요" = "The work is finished (which implies that you finished the work)". The grammar for this is talked about in Lesson 14.

+ examples: + - ko: 저는 저의 숙제를 **끝냈어요** + en: I **finished** my homework + - ko: 저는 숙제를 **끝내**고 나서 집으로 갈 거예요 + en: I will **finish** my homework then go home + - ko: 저는 일을 만족스럽게 **끝냈어요** + en: I finished the work/job **satisfactorily** + - ko: 시험을 **끝내**기 전에 답을 확인하세요 + en: Check your answers before **finishing** the test + + - ko: 춤추다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-28.mp3 + en: to dance + notes: The word "춤" is the noun "dance," as in "a dance." Coupled with the verb "추다" is means "to dance." + examples: + - ko: 저는 **춤추**는 것이 좋아요 + en: I like **dancing** + + - ko: 알다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-29.mp3 + en: to know + notes: | +

알다 follows the ㄹ irregular. See Lesson 7 for more information.

+ examples: + - ko: 저는 그 사람을 **알아요** + en: I **know** that person + - ko: 저는 그것을 **알**고 있어요 + en: I **know** that + - ko: 누구나 그 여자를 **알아요** + en: Everybody **knows** that girl + - ko: 서울에 어떻게 가는지 **알아요** + en: I **know** how to get to Seoul + - ko: "서울에 어떻게 가는지 **알아요**?" + en: Do you **know** how to get to Seoul? + - ko: 그 단어를 어떻게 발음하는지 **알아요** + en: I **know** how to pronounce that word + - ko: "그 단어를 어떻게 발음하는지 **알아요**?" + en: Do you **know** how to pronounce that word? + - ko: 그 학생이 책을 왜 버렸는지 **알아요** + en: I **know** why that student threw out his book + - ko: "그 학생이 책을 왜 버렸는지 **알아요**?" + en: Do you **know** why that student threw out his book? + - ko: "제가 한국어를 왜 배우고 싶은지 **알아요**?" + en: Do you **know** why I want to learn Korean? + + - ko: 걷다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-30.mp3 + en: to walk + notes: | +

The pronunciation of this word is closer to "걷따"

+

걷다 follows the ㄷ irregular. See Lesson 7 for more information.

+ examples: + - ko: 우리는 집에 **걸어**왔어요 + en: We **walked** home + - ko: 저는 10분 동안 **걸었어요** + en: I **walked** for 10 minutes + - ko: 여자는 학교에 걸었어요 + en: The girl **walked** to school + - ko: 그 여자는 항상 그렇게 **걸어요** + en: That girl always **walks** like that + - ko: 저는 너무 많이 **걸어**서 지금 발이 아파요 + en: My feet are sore because I **walked** so much + - ko: 우리는 차가 없어서 집에 **걸어**왔어요 + en: We didn't have a car so we **walked** home + - ko: "전철역까지 **걸어**갈래요?" + en: Shall we **walk** to the subway station? + - ko: 학생들은 교실 쪽으로 **걸어요** + en: Students **walk** towards/in the direction of their class + - ko: 우리가 천천히 안 **걸었더라면** 늦게 도착하지 않았을 거예요 + en: If we hadn't **walk** slowly, we wouldn't have arrived late + + - ko: 배우다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-31.mp3 + en: to learn + examples: + - ko: "한국어를 언제부터 **배웠어요**?" + en: Since when did you **learn** Korean? + - ko: 저는 그것을 지난 시간에 **배웠어요** + en: I **learned** that (thing) last time + - ko: 저는 한국어를 한국에서 **배웠어요** + en: I **learned** Korean in Korea + - ko: 저는 한국어를 **배우**고 싶어요 + en: I want to **learn** Korean + - ko: 우리는 다음 시간에 더 **배울** 거예요 + en: We will **learn** more next time + - ko: 저는 5년 이내에 외국어를 다섯 개 **배우**고 싶어요 + en: I want to **learn** 5 languages within five years + - ko: 한국에 온 이래로 한국어를 **배우**고 있어요 + en: Since coming to Korea, I have been **learning** Korean + + - ko: 연습하다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-32.mp3 + en: to practice + notes: The pronunciation of this word is closer to "연스파다" + examples: + - ko: 한국 사람들은 외국 사람들과 영어를 **연습하**고 싶어요 + en: Korean people want to **practice** their English with foreigners + - ko: "**연습**을 많이 해도 시합에서 질 거예요" + en: Regardless of how much you **practice**, you will lose the match + + - ko: 생각하다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-33.mp3 + en: to think + notes: | +

The pronunciation of this word is closer to "생가카다"

+

The noun form of this word translates to "a thought" or "an idea."

+

Typically the grammatical principle ~ㄴ/다고 precedes 생각하다 as if it is a quoted sentence. For more information, visit Lesson 52.

+ examples: + - ko: 저도 그렇게 **생각해요** + en: I **think** that way as well + - ko: 나는 너에 대해 **생각했어** + en: I **thought** about you + - ko: 그 여자에 대해 어떻게 **생각해요**? + en: What do you **think** about that girl? + - ko: 저는 그렇게 **생각하지** **않아요** + en: I don't **think** like that + - ko: 저는 저의 엄마에 대해 **생각했어요** + en: I **thought** about my mother + - ko: 우리 집에 대해 어떻게 **생각해요**? + en: What do you **think** about our house? + + - ko: 살다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-34.mp3 + en: to live + notes: | +

살다 follows the ㄹ irregular. See Lesson 7 for more information.

+

In order to say that you live in a place, it is acceptable to use "살고 있다." For example: 저는 한국에서 살고 있어요. Note that this directly translates to "I am living in Korea", whereas is English we would most likely say "I live in Korea." See Lesson 18.

+ examples: + - ko: 저는 서울에서 **살**고 있어요 + en: I **live** in Seoul + - ko: "어느 집에서 **살아요**?" + en: Which house do you **live** in? + - ko: 저는 학교에서 멀리 **살**고 있어요 + en: I **live** far from school + - ko: "한국에서 언제부터 **살았어요**?" + en: Since when have you **lived** in Korea? + - ko: 저는 2년 동안 외국에서 **살았어요** + en: I **lived** in a foreign country for 2 years + - ko: 저는 7년 동안 한국에서 **살았어요** + en: I **lived** in Korea for seven years + - ko: 우리 아버지는 고모와 **살**고 있어요 + en: Our father **lives** with our aunt + - ko: 저는 멀리 **살**고 있기 때문에 집까지 걸어가기 힘들어요 + en: It is difficult to walk home because I **live** far + + passive_verbs: + - ko: 끝나다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-35.mp3 + en: to be finished + notes: | +

The pronunciation of this word is closer to "끈나다"

+

This is the first passive verb you have come across. For more information on passive verbs, visit Lesson 14.

+ examples: + - ko: 이 콘서트가 벌써 **끝났어요**? + en: Is the concert already **finished?** + - ko: 숙제는 **끝났어요** + en: My homework is **finished** + - ko: 수업은 2분 후에 **끝날** **거예요** + en: Class will **finish** 2 minutes from now + - ko: 그 일이 다 **끝나서** 지금 기분이 아주 좋아요 + en: Now that that work is **finished**, I am very happy + + adjectives: + - ko: 위험하다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-36.mp3 + en: to be dangerous + notes: The noun form of this word translates to "danger" + examples: + - ko: 그 장소가 너무 **위험해**서 가지 마세요 + en: That place is very **dangerous**, so don't go + - ko: 이런 일은 **위험해요** + en: This type of work is **dangerous** + - ko: 그 사람은 **위험한** 남자입니다 + en: That person is a **dangerous** man + + - ko: 잘생기다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-37.mp3 + en: to be handsome + notes: | +

A composition of the adverb 잘 (well) and the verb 생기다 (to look like), which means it gets conjugated as a verb. It typically conjugates to the past tense (잘생겼다) even when talking about the present tense.

+ examples: + - ko: 그 남자는 너무 **잘생겼어요** + en: That man is very **handsome** + - ko: 저는 **잘생긴** 남자를 만나요 + en: I meet a **handsome** man + - ko: 파란 눈이 있는 남자가 가장 **잘생겼어요** + en: Men with blue eyes are the most **handsome** + - ko: 그는 별로 **잘생기지** 않았다 + en: He's not that **handsome** + - ko: 그는 전혀 **잘생기지** 않았다 + en: He's not **handsome** at all + + - ko: 못생기다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-38.mp3 + en: to be ugly + notes: | +

The pronunciation of this word is closer to "몯쌩기다"

+

A composition of the adverb 못 (not well, poorly) and the verb 생기다. Like 잘생기다, it is conjugated as a verb in the past tense.

+ examples: + - ko: 그 남자는 너무 **못생겼어요** + en: That man is very **ugly** + - ko: 그 여자는 우리 반에서 제일 **못생긴** 여자예요 + en: That girl is the **ugliest** in our class + + - ko: 피곤하다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-39.mp3 + en: to be tired + notes: The noun form of this word translates to "tiredness" or "fatigue" + examples: + - ko: 저는 일을 많이 해서 너무 **피곤해요** + en: I am very **tired** because I worked a lot + - ko: 너무 **피곤해**서 자고 싶어요 + en: I want to sleep because I am so **tired** + - ko: "**피곤한** 사람은 침대에 누워서 잤어요" + en: The **tired** person lied on the bed and slept + - ko: 잠을 못 자면 다음 날에 몸이 **피곤해져요** + en: If you don't sleep well, the next day you will be **tired** + + - ko: 다르다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-40.mp3 + en: to be different + notes: | +

다르다 follows the 르 irregular. See Lesson 7 for more information.

+

When saying something is different "from" something, 와/과/랑/이랑 must be attached to the noun that is being compared. See Lesson 15 for more information.

+ examples: + - ko: 저는 **다른** 영화를 보고 싶어요 + en: I want to see a **different** movie + - ko: 우리는 매우 **달라요** + en: We are so **different** + - ko: 그 건물은 어제와 **달라요** + en: That building is **different** from yesterday + - ko: 고양이는 강아지와 **달라요** + en: Cats are **different** from dogs + - ko: 캐나다는 한국과 문화적으로 **달라요** + en: Canada and Korea are culturally **different** + - ko: 서양사람들은 동양사람들과 **달라요** + en: Western people are **different** from Eastern people + - ko: 그 여자가 오늘 화장을 하지 않아서 아주 **달라** 보여요 + en: That girl looks very **different** today because she didn't do her makeup + + - ko: 슬프다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-41.mp3 + en: to be sad + notes: 슬프다 follows the ㅡ irregular. See Lesson 7 for more information. + examples: + - ko: 우리 할아버지가 죽어서 저는 너무 **슬퍼요** + en: I am very **sad** because my grandfather died + - ko: 저의 여자친구는 어제 너무 **슬퍼** 보였어요 + en: My girlfriend looked really **sad** yesterday + - ko: 제가 **슬프다**면 친구를 만나지 않을 거예요 + en: If I am **sad**, I'm not going to meet my friend + + - ko: 맛있다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-42.mp3 + en: to be delicious + notes: | +

Although technically a combination of the noun "맛" (taste) and "있다" (to have) 맛있다 is officially seen as one word (literally meaning "to have taste") and the pronunciation of ㅅ in "맛" is transferred to the next syllable. This makes the entire word sound like "마싣따."

+

Conversely, 맛없다, which means "to not be delicious," is officially seen as two words (literally meaning "to not have taste"). As such, the pronunciation of ㅅ in "맛" is usually not transferred to the next syllable and the entire word sounds like "마덥따"

+ examples: + - ko: "**맛있는** 것을 먹고 싶어요" + en: I want to eat something **delicious** + - ko: 빨간 사과는 가장 **맛**있어요 + en: Red apples are the most **delicious** + - ko: 사과는 가장 **맛있는** 과일이에요 + en: Apples are the most **delicious** fruit + - ko: 한식은 너무 **맛있어요** + en: Korean food is very **delicious** + + - ko: 재미있다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-43.mp3 + en: to be fun, to be funny + notes: | +

The pronunciation of this word is closer to "재미읻따"

+

Like the word "맛있다," 재미있다 is made up of "재미" and "있다" (to have). Therefore, even though 재미있다 is an adjective (funny), it is conjugated like 있다.

+ examples: + - ko: 그 영화가 너무 **재미있었어요** + en: That movie was very **funny** + - ko: 그 남자는 **재미있는** 남자예요 + en: That man is a **funny** person + - ko: 제가 보고 있는 영화는 **재미있어요** + en: The movie I am watching is **funny** + - ko: 친구를 만났으면 **재미있었을** 것이다 + en: If I had met my friend, it would have been **fun** + - ko: 설사를 하는 것은 **재미있어요** + en: Having diarrhea is **fun** + + - ko: 많다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-44.mp3 + en: to be many of, to be a lot of + notes: | +

The pronunciation of this word is closer to "만타"

+

An adjective that means "many," 많다 can be placed before a noun to describe it. For example: 많은 사람은 저를 좋아해요 (many people like me)

+

However, 많다 is more naturally used by using the ~는 것 principle. For example: "저를 좋아하는 사람은 많아요" (literally: there are many people who like me)

+

The ~는 것 principle is very difficult to describe, and is talked about in detail from Lessons 26 to 33.

+ examples: + - ko: 그 회사에서 일하는 사람은 **많아요** + en: There are **many** people who work at that company. + - ko: 지난 주에 저는 계획이 **많았어요** + en: I had **a lot** of plans last week + - ko: 동대문시장에서 아주머니가 **많아요** + en: There are **a lot** of older women in Dongdaemun market + - ko: 그곳에서 구경하는 사람이 **많아요** + en: There are **a lot** of people sightseeing in that place + - ko: 저는 거기에 사람이 **많을** 것 같아서 가고 싶지 않아요 + en: I don't want to go there because there will probably be too **many** people + + - ko: 행복하다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-45.mp3 + en: to be happy + notes: The pronunciation of this word is closer to "행보카다" + examples: + - ko: 저는 매우 **행복한** 사람이에요 + en: I am a very **happy** person + - ko: 저는 공원에 가는 날에 항상 **행복해요** + en: I am always **happy** on the days I go to the park + - ko: 왜 그렇게 **행복해** 보여요? + en: Why do you look so **happy**? + - ko: 저는 **행복하**기 때문에 죽고 싶지 않아요 + en: I don't want to die because I am **happy** + - ko: 저는 돈을 받을 때 **행복할** **거예요** + en: When I receive (the) money, I will be **happy** + - ko: 내가 **행복하**면 숙제를 잘 해 + en: When/If I am **happy**, I do my homework well + - ko: 제가 **행복하다**면 일을 더 잘 할 거예요 + en: If I am **happy**, I will work harder + + adverbs: + - ko: 거기 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-46.mp3 + en: there + notes: | +

The difference between "그" and "저" is the same as the difference between "거기" and "저기." "거기" is used when referring to a place that has already been mentioned, and "저기" is used when you are referring to a place that is farther away than "여기."

+

거기 and ~에세 form to make "거기서".

+ examples: + - ko: "**거기**서 언제부터 살았어요?" + en: Since when did you live **there**? + - ko: "**거기**에 간 적이 없어요" + en: I have never gone/been **there**/I haven't been **there** + - ko: 제가 **거기**에 가는 중이에요 + en: I am going **there** + - ko: 밥을 **거기**에 두지 말아 주세요 + en: Don't put the rice **there**, please + - ko: "**거기**에 가고 싶으면 비행기를 타야 돼요" + en: If you want to go **there**, you must take an airplane + - ko: 친구가 **거기**에 많을 거라서 그 파티에 가고 싶어요 + en: Many of my friends will be **there**, so/therefore I want to go to that party + + - ko: 저기 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-47.mp3 + en: there (when farther away) + notes: | +

저기 and ~에서 form to make "저기서"

+

When trying to get the attention of somebody – for example, when you want to order something at a restaurant – it is common to say "저기요!" For example: "저기요! 지금 주문할게요!" = "Excuse me! We would like to order now!"

+ examples: + - ko: "**저기**까지 걷자!" + en: Let's walk that far/Let's walk as far as **there** + - ko: 이불을 다 **저기**에 넣었어요 + en: I put the blankets **there** + - ko: "**저기**까지 아주 빨리 수영하더라도 그 사람을 구하지 못할 거예요" + en: Even if you swim **there** very fast, you won't be able to save that person + + - ko: 지금 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-48.mp3 + en: now + notes: Though referring to a time, "에" is usually not attached to "지금" + examples: + - ko: 저는 밥을 **지금** 먹고 싶어요 + en: I want to eat **now** + - ko: 그 여자를 **지금**까지 좋아했어요 + en: I liked that girl until **now** + - ko: 여자들은 **지금** 영화를 보고 있어요 + en: The girls are watching a movie **now** + - ko: 저는 밥을 다 먹어서 **지금** 배불러요 + en: I ate all the food, so/therefore, I am full **now** + - ko: 열심히 운동하고 **지금** 힘이 빠졌어요 + en: After exercising, I **now** have no energy + - ko: 내가 밥을 벌써 먹어서 **지금** 먹고 싶지 않아 + en: Because I already ate, I don't want to eat **now** + - ko: 그 학생은 어떤 여자와 **지금** 사귀고 있어요 + en: That student is going out with some girl **now** + + - ko: 하지만 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-49.mp3 + en: but + notes: It would be more natural to connect sentences with a grammatical principle (like ~지만 or ~는데) than to separate them using 하지만. + examples: + - ko: 거기에 가고 싶어요. **하지만** 돈이 없어요 + en: I want to go there. **But** I have no money + - ko: 저는 먹고 싶어요. **하지만** 배고프지 않아요 + en: I want to eat. **But**, I am not hungry +--- + # Lesson 4: Korean Adjectives ~ㄴ/은 -[Click here for a workbook to go along with this lesson.](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/workbooks#Unit118) - -[Click here for a free PDF of this lesson.](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/HowtoStudyKorean-Unit-1-Lesson-4.pdf) - ## Vocabulary -The vocabulary is separated into nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs for the purpose of simplicity. - -Click on the English word to see information and examples of that word in use (you probably won’t be able to understand the grammar within the sentences at this point, but it is good to see as you progress through your learning). - -A PDF file neatly presenting all of these words, example sentences and extra information can be found [here](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/buyingpdf/vocabulary-examples/). - -You can try to find all of the words from this lesson, and all of the words from every lesson in Unit 1 in a package of twenty five [Word Searches](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wordsearch/). + ### Nouns @@ -34,9 +809,9 @@ This grammar is taught in [Lesson 113](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-5/l Example: -- 이 **길**에서 오른 쪽으로 가세요 = Turn right at this street -- 이 **길**에서 직진하세요 = Go straight on this road -- 우리는 옛**길**을 따라 걸었어요 = We walked along, following the old **road** +- ⁠이 **길**에서 오른 쪽으로 가세요 = Turn right at this **street** +- ⁠이 **길**에서 직진하세요 = Go straight on this **road** +- ⁠우리는 옛**길**을 따라 걸었어요 = We walked along, following the old **road** @@ -51,10 +826,10 @@ Common Usages: Examples: -- **거리**에 사람이 많았어요 = There was a lot of people on the street -- 저는 긴 **거리**를 건넜어요 = I crossed the long street -- 저는 **거리**를 안전하게 건넜어요 = I crossed the **street** safely -- 우리는 사**거리**에서 왼쪽으로 돌았어요 = We turned left at the **intersection** +- ⁠**거리**에 사람이 많았어요 = There was a lot of people on the **street** +- ⁠저는 긴 **거리**를 건넜어요 = I crossed the long **street** +- ⁠저는 **거리**를 안전하게 건넜어요 = I crossed the **street** safely +- ⁠우리는 사**거리**에서 왼쪽으로 돌았어요 = We turned left at the **intersection** @@ -72,9 +847,9 @@ Common Usages: Example: -- 저는 (저의) **손**을 들었어요 = I raised/lifted my **hand** -- **손**을 씻으세요! = Wash your **hands**! -- 손을 잘 **씻**고 먹어요 = To wash one’s **hands** well, and then eat +- ⁠저는 (저의) **손**을 들었어요 = I raised/lifted my **hand** +- ⁠**손**을 씻으세요! = Wash your **hands**! +- ⁠손을 잘 **씻**고 먹어요 = To wash one’s **hands** well, and then eat @@ -91,14 +866,14 @@ Common Usages: Examples: -- 제가 수업을 하면 항상 **영어**로 해요 = When I teach, I always do so in English -- 저는 **영어**를 공부할 거예요 = I will study English -- 한국 사람들은 외국 사람들과 **영어**를 연습하고 싶어요 = Korean people want to practice their **English** with foreigners -- 저는 **영어**랑 한국어를 학교에서 배웠어요 = I learned **English** and Korean at school -- 그 사람은 **영어**를 자연스럽게 말해요 = That person speaks **English** naturally -- **영어**를 어떻게 배웠어요? = How did you learn **English**? -- 한국어는 **영어**보다 훨씬 어려워요 = Korean is much more difficult than English -- 그 선생님은 **영어**를 가르친 지 20 년 됐어요 = That teacher has been teaching **English** for 20 years +- ⁠제가 수업을 하면 항상 **영어**로 해요 = When I teach, I always do so in **English** +- ⁠저는 **영어**를 공부할 거예요 = I will study **English** +- ⁠한국 사람들은 외국 사람들과 **영어**를 연습하고 싶어요 = Korean people want to practice their **English** with foreigners +- ⁠저는 **영어**랑 한국어를 학교에서 배웠어요 = I learned **English** and Korean at school +- ⁠그 사람은 **영어**를 자연스럽게 말해요 = That person speaks **English** naturally +- ⁠**영어**를 어떻게 배웠어요? = How did you learn **English**? +- ⁠한국어는 **영어**보다 훨씬 어려워요 = Korean is much more difficult than **English** +- ⁠그 선생님은 **영어**를 가르친 지 20 년 됐어요 = That teacher has been teaching **English** for 20 years @@ -114,8 +889,8 @@ Common Usages: Example: -- **택시**는 버스보다 더 빨라요 = The **taxi** is quicker than the bus -- 지하철을 놓쳤기 때문에 **택시**를 타야 돼요 = I missed the subway, so I must take a **taxi** +- ⁠**택시**는 버스보다 더 빨라요 = The **taxi** is quicker than the bus +- ⁠지하철을 놓쳤기 때문에 **택시**를 타야 돼요 = I missed the subway, so I must take a **taxi** @@ -130,7 +905,7 @@ Common Usages: Example: -- **열차**는 택시보다 더 빨라요 = The **train** is faster than the taxi +- ⁠**열차**는 택시보다 더 빨라요 = The **train** is faster than the taxi @@ -146,10 +921,10 @@ Common Usages: Example: -- 홍대**역**에서 어떻게 가요? = How do I get to Hong-dae **station**? -- 저는 서울**역**에서 내릴 거예요 = I will get off at Seoul station -- 전철**역**까지 걸어갈래요? = Shall we walk to the subway **station**? -- 이 기차는 서울**역**까지 가요 = This train goes to/until Seoul **Station** +- ⁠홍대**역**에서 어떻게 가요? = How do I get to Hong-dae **station**? +- ⁠저는 서울**역**에서 내릴 거예요 = I will get off at Seoul **station** +- ⁠전철**역**까지 걸어갈래요? = Shall we walk to the subway **station**? +- ⁠이 기차는 서울**역**까지 가요 = This train goes to/until Seoul **Station** @@ -172,8 +947,8 @@ This refers to the bus stop for a public transportation style city bus. For inte Example: -- **버스 정류장**에서 버스를 타야 돼요 = You must get on the bus at the bus station -- 다음 버스는 저 **정류장**에서 출발할 거예요 = The next bus will leave from that **stop** +- ⁠**버스 정류장**에서 버스를 타야 돼요 = You must get on the bus at the **bus station** +- ⁠다음 버스는 저 **정류장**에서 출발할 거예요 = The next bus will leave from that **stop** @@ -187,10 +962,10 @@ Common Usages: Examples: -- **비행기**가 아직 출발할 준비가 안 됐습니까? = Is the **plane** not yet ready to depart? -- 하늘에 **비행기**가 있어요 = There is a **plane** in the sky -- 거기에 가고 싶으면 **비행기**를 타야 돼요 = If you want to go there, you must take an **airplane** -- **비행기**가 9시에 출발할 예정이지만 눈이 많이 와서 못 출발할 것 같아요 = The **plane** is scheduled to depart at 9:00, but it probably won’t because it is snowing a lot +- ⁠**비행기**가 아직 출발할 준비가 안 됐습니까? = Is the **plane** not yet ready to depart? +- ⁠하늘에 **비행기**가 있어요 = There is a **plane** in the sky +- ⁠거기에 가고 싶으면 **비행기**를 타야 돼요 = If you want to go there, you must take an **airplane** +- ⁠**비행기**가 9시에 출발할 예정이지만 눈이 많이 와서 못 출발할 것 같아요 = The **plane** is scheduled to depart at 9:00, but it probably won’t because it is snowing a lot @@ -205,8 +980,8 @@ Common Usages: Example: -- 저는 **자전거**를 타는 것이 너무 좋아요 = I like riding bicycles -- 무릎이 아플 때 **자전거**를 타지 마세요 = When your knee hurts, don’t ride a **bike** +- ⁠저는 **자전거**를 타는 것이 너무 좋아요 = I like riding **bicycles** +- ⁠무릎이 아플 때 **자전거**를 타지 마세요 = When your knee hurts, don’t ride a **bike** This word appears in my Korean Sign Explanation [Video #6] @@ -224,11 +999,11 @@ The word “와이프” is commonly used these days. Examples: -- 저의 **아내**는 너무 예뻐요 = My **wife** is very pretty -- 저는 **아내**한테 꽃을 줬어요 = I gave flowers to my wife -- 저는 저의 **아내**와 유럽에서 사랑에 빠졌어요 = I fell in love with my **wife** in Europe -- 저의 **아내**는 자기가 요리한 것을 보통 안 먹어요 = My **wife** usually doesn’t eat the food she cooks -- 제가 **아내**와 결혼하기 전에 우리는 2년 동안 사귀었어요 = Before marrying my **wife**, we went out/dated for 2 years +- ⁠저의 **아내**는 너무 예뻐요 = My **wife** is very pretty +- ⁠저는 **아내**한테 꽃을 줬어요 = I gave flowers to my **wife** +- ⁠저는 저의 **아내**와 유럽에서 사랑에 빠졌어요 = I fell in love with my **wife** in Europe +- ⁠저의 **아내**는 자기가 요리한 것을 보통 안 먹어요 = My **wife** usually doesn’t eat the food she cooks +- ⁠제가 **아내**와 결혼하기 전에 우리는 2년 동안 사귀었어요 = Before marrying my **wife**, we went out/dated for 2 years @@ -242,16 +1017,16 @@ Common Usages: Example: -- 우리 **아이**는 아직 두 살이에요 = My **child** is still 2 years old -- 우리 셋째 **아이**는 야구를 좋아해요 = Our third **child** likes baseball -- 이 **아이**는 우리 첫째 아들이에요 = This (**child**) is our first son -- 부모님들은 **아이**에 영향을 준다/미친다 = Parents have an influence on their **children** -- **아이**들은 나무 주위에서 놀고 있어요 = The **children** are playing around the tree -- 저는 **아이**를 잃어버려서 걱정이 되었어요 = I was worried because I lost the baby -- 그녀는 **아이**가 죽었다는 사실을 숨겼어요 = She hid (the fact that) her **child** died -- **아이**들은 자기 부모님을 존경해야 돼요 = **Children** must respect their parents -- 저는 **아이**들이랑 바다에서 수영했어요 = I swam in the sea with the **kids** -- **아이**들은 만화영화를 매우 좋아해요 = **Children** really like animated movies +- ⁠우리 **아이**는 아직 두 살이에요 = My **child** is still 2 years old +- ⁠우리 셋째 **아이**는 야구를 좋아해요 = Our third **child** likes baseball +- ⁠이 **아이**는 우리 첫째 아들이에요 = This (**child**) is our first son +- ⁠부모님들은 **아이**에 영향을 준다/미친다 = Parents have an influence on their **children** +- ⁠**아이**들은 나무 주위에서 놀고 있어요 = The **children** are playing around the tree +- ⁠저는 **아이**를 잃어버려서 걱정이 되었어요 = I was worried because I lost the **baby** +- ⁠그녀는 **아이**가 죽었다는 사실을 숨겼어요 = She hid (the fact that) her **child** died +- ⁠**아이**들은 자기 부모님을 존경해야 돼요 = **Children** must respect their parents +- ⁠저는 **아이**들이랑 바다에서 수영했어요 = I swam in the sea with the **kids** +- ⁠**아이**들은 만화영화를 매우 좋아해요 = **Children** really like animated movies @@ -268,15 +1043,15 @@ Common Usages: Examples: -- 우리 **아들**은 대학생이에요 = Our **son** is a university student -- 할아버지는 우리 **아들**에게 돈을 주었어요 = Grandpa gave money to our son -- 저의 **아들**은 열이 났어요 = My **son** had a fever -- 저는 우리 **아들**이 자랑스러워요 = I am proud of our son -- 너는 나쁜 **아들**이야 = You are a bad son -- 저는 **아들** 세 명이 있어요 = I have three sons -- 그 사람은 **아들** 한 명만 있어요 = That person only has one **son** -- **아들**은 엄마를 위해 박스를 들었어요 = The **son** carried the box for his mother -- 우리 **아들**은 자기(의) 일을 항상 혼자 하고 싶어요 = Our **son** always wants to do his work alone +- ⁠우리 **아들**은 대학생이에요 = Our **son** is a university student +- ⁠할아버지는 우리 **아들**에게 돈을 주었어요 = Grandpa gave money to our **son** +- ⁠저의 **아들**은 열이 났어요 = My **son** had a fever +- ⁠저는 우리 **아들**이 자랑스러워요 = I am proud of our **son** +- ⁠너는 나쁜 **아들**이야 = You are a bad **son** +- ⁠저는 **아들** 세 명이 있어요 = I have three **sons** +- ⁠그 사람은 **아들** 한 명만 있어요 = That person only has one **son** +- ⁠**아들**은 엄마를 위해 박스를 들었어요 = The **son** carried the box for his mother +- ⁠우리 **아들**은 자기(의) 일을 항상 혼자 하고 싶어요 = Our **son** always wants to do his work alone @@ -293,10 +1068,10 @@ Common Usages: Example: -- 우리 **딸**은 그 고등학교를 다녀요 = Our **daughter** attends that high school -- 저는 저의 **딸**이 아주 자랑스러워요 = I am very proud of my daughter -- 우리 **딸**은 사랑스러운 여자예요 = Our **daughter** is a loving/lovely girl -- **딸**은 어제부터 아팠어요 = The/our **daughter** has been sick (was sick) since yesterday +- ⁠우리 **딸**은 그 고등학교를 다녀요 = Our **daughter** attends that high school +- ⁠저는 저의 **딸**이 아주 자랑스러워요 = I am very proud of my **daughter** +- ⁠우리 **딸**은 사랑스러운 여자예요 = Our **daughter** is a loving/lovely girl +- ⁠**딸**은 어제부터 아팠어요 = The/our **daughter** has been sick (was sick) since yesterday @@ -306,9 +1081,9 @@ Example: Examples: -- 저의 **남편**은 선생님이에요 = my **husband** is a teacher -- 저는 **남편**을 공원에서 만날 거예요 = I will meet my **husband** at the park -- 그 여자의 **남편**이 비서랑 바람을 피운다는 소문이 있어요 = There is a rumor that that woman’s **husband** is having an affair with his secretary +- ⁠저의 **남편**은 선생님이에요 = my **husband** is a teacher +- ⁠저는 **남편**을 공원에서 만날 거예요 = I will meet my **husband** at the park +- ⁠그 여자의 **남편**이 비서랑 바람을 피운다는 소문이 있어요 = There is a rumor that that woman’s **husband** is having an affair with his secretary @@ -326,13 +1101,13 @@ The word “아빠” is used colloquially Example: -- **아버지**는 지금 일하고 있어요 = **Dad** is working now -- 형하고 **아버지**는 영화를 봤어요 = My brother and **dad** saw a movie -- 저와 저의 **아버지**는 너무 비슷해요 = I am very similar to my father -- 저의 **아버지**는 모자를 항상 써요 = My **father** always wears a hat -- 우리 **아버지**는 예전에 옷을 팔았어요 = Our **dad** sold clothes in the past -- 우리 **아버지**는 고모와 살고 있어요 = Our **father** lives with our aunt -- 나는 **아버지**랑 공원에 갈 거야 = I will go to the park with my **dad** +- ⁠**아버지**는 지금 일하고 있어요 = **Dad** is working now +- ⁠형하고 **아버지**는 영화를 봤어요 = My brother and **dad** saw a movie +- ⁠저와 저의 **아버지**는 너무 비슷해요 = I am very similar to my **father** +- ⁠저의 **아버지**는 모자를 항상 써요 = My **father** always wears a hat +- ⁠우리 **아버지**는 예전에 옷을 팔았어요 = Our **dad** sold clothes in the past +- ⁠우리 **아버지**는 고모와 살고 있어요 = Our **father** lives with our aunt +- ⁠나는 **아버지**랑 공원에 갈 거야 = I will go to the park with my **dad** @@ -350,10 +1125,10 @@ The word “엄마” is used colloquially Example: -- 우리 **어머니**는 서울대학교를 다녔어요 = Our **mom** attended Seoul University -- 저는 밥을 친구랑 저의 **어머니**랑 먹었어요 = I ate (rice) with my **mom** and my friend -- 저의 **어머니**는 언니 세 명이 있어요 = My **mother** has three (older) sisters -- 저의 **어머니**는 올해 한국에 올 것입니다 = My **mom** will come to Korea this year +- ⁠우리 **어머니**는 서울대학교를 다녔어요 = Our **mom** attended Seoul University +- ⁠저는 밥을 친구랑 저의 **어머니**랑 먹었어요 = I ate (rice) with my **mom** and my friend +- ⁠저의 **어머니**는 언니 세 명이 있어요 = My **mother** has three (older) sisters +- ⁠저의 **어머니**는 올해 한국에 올 것입니다 = My **mom** will come to Korea this year @@ -396,7 +1171,7 @@ Notes: Examples: - **맛**이 조금 이상해요 = The **taste** is a little bit strange -- 빨간 사과는 가장 **맛**있어요 = Red apples are the most delicious +- 빨간 사과는 가장 **맛**있어요 = Red apples are the most **delicious** - 이 떡은 쓰레기 **맛** 같아 = This 떡 **tastes** like garbage @@ -416,9 +1191,9 @@ Common Usages: Examples: - 저는 할머니를 위해 **식사**를 준비했어요 = I prepared a **meal** for grandmother -- 저는 아침**식사**를 안 먹었어요 = I didn’t eat breakfast -- 저는 보통 점심**식사**로 과일만 먹어요 = I usually only eat fruit for lunch -- 엄마가 온 후에 저는 저녁**식사**를 먹을 거예요 = After mom comes home, I will eat dinner +- 저는 아침**식사**를 안 먹었어요 = I didn’t eat **breakfast** +- 저는 보통 점심**식사**로 과일만 먹어요 = I usually only eat fruit for **lunch** +- 엄마가 온 후에 저는 저녁**식사**를 먹을 거예요 = After mom comes home, I will eat **dinner** - 교감선생님은 선생님들을 위해 **식사**를 살 거예요 = The vice principal will buy a **meal** for all the teachers @@ -440,7 +1215,7 @@ This can also be used to refer to “breakfast.” For example: Examples: -- 저는 **아침**에 일찍 일어났어요 = I woke up early in the morning +- 저는 **아침**에 일찍 일어났어요 = I woke up early in the **morning** - 저는 **아침**부터 밤까지 공부만 했어요 = I only studied from **morning** to night - 대부분 사람들은 **아침**밥을 먹지 않는다 = Most people don’t eat **breakfast** (rice breakfast) - 저는 항상 **아침**에 운동해요 = I always exercise in the **morning** @@ -476,8 +1251,8 @@ Common Usages: Examples: -- 잘하려면 **물**을 마셔야 돼요 = If you want to do well, you must drink water -- 저는 **물**만 마셔요 = I only drink water +- 잘하려면 **물**을 마셔야 돼요 = If you want to do well, you must drink **water** +- 저는 **물**만 마셔요 = I only drink **water** - 애기는 우유 대신에 **물**만 마시고 싶어요 = The baby wants to drink **water** instead of milk @@ -509,10 +1284,10 @@ Common Usages: Examples: -- 저는 **돈**이 없어요 = I don’t have any money +- 저는 **돈**이 없어요 = I don’t have any **money** - 어머님은 너에게 **돈**을 줬어? = Did your mother give you **money**? - 저는 **돈**을 받을 때 행복할 거예요 = When I receive (the) **money**, I will be happy -- 의사들은 **돈**이 많아 = Doctors have a lot of money +- 의사들은 **돈**이 많아 = Doctors have a lot of **money** - 아버지는 아들에게 **돈**을 준다 = The father gives **money** to his son - 저는 **돈**을 정부로부터 받았어요 = I received **money** from the government - 얼마나 많은 **돈**을 가져갈 거야? = How much **money** will you bring? @@ -541,7 +1316,7 @@ Example: - 친구들은 언제 **올 거예요**? = When are the friends **coming**? - 어디에서 **왔어요**? = Where are you from (from where did you **come**?) - 저의 친구는 6시 30분에 **올** **거예요** = My friend will **come** at 6:30 -- 그는 **올** **거**라고 약속했어요 = He promised that he would come +- 그는 **올** **거**라고 약속했어요 = He promised that he would **come** - 캐나다에 언제 돌아**올** 거예요? = When are you **coming** back to Canada? - 선생님 몇 분 **올** **거예요**? = How many teachers will **come**? - 어제 어떤 남자가 **왔어요**? = Which man **came** here yesterday? @@ -566,7 +1341,7 @@ Examples: - 저는 저의 숙제를 **끝냈어요** = I **finished** my homework - 저는 숙제를 **끝내**고 나서 집으로 갈 거예요 = I will **finish** my homework then go home -- 저는 일을 만족스럽게 **끝냈어요** = I finished the work/job satisfactorily +- 저는 일을 만족스럽게 **끝냈어요** = I finished the work/job **satisfactorily** - 시험을 **끝내**기 전에 답을 확인하세요 = Check your answers before **finishing** the test @@ -744,8 +1519,8 @@ This is the first passive verb you have come across. For more information on pas Examples: -- 이 콘서트가 벌써 **끝났어요**? = Is the concert already finished? -- 숙제는 **끝났어요** = My homework is finished +- 이 콘서트가 벌써 **끝났어요**? = Is the concert already **finished?** +- 숙제는 **끝났어요** = My homework is **finished** - 수업은 2분 후에 **끝날** **거예요** = Class will **finish** 2 minutes from now - 그 일이 다 **끝나서** 지금 기분이 아주 좋아요 = Now that that work is **finished**, I am very happy @@ -767,7 +1542,7 @@ Common Usages: Examples: - 그 장소가 너무 **위험해**서 가지 마세요 = That place is very **dangerous**, so don’t go -- 이런 일은 **위험해요** = This type of work is dangerous +- 이런 일은 **위험해요** = This type of work is **dangerous** - 그 사람은 **위험한** 남자입니다 = That person is a **dangerous** man @@ -782,10 +1557,10 @@ A composition of the adverb 잘 (well) and the v Examples: -- 그 남자는 너무 **잘생겼어요** = That man is very handsome +- 그 남자는 너무 **잘생겼어요** = That man is very **handsome** - 저는 **잘생긴** 남자를 만나요 = I meet a **handsome** man -- 파란 눈이 있는 남자가 가장 **잘생겼어요** = Men with blue eyes are the most handsome -- 그는 별로 **잘생기지** 않았다 = He’s not that handsome +- 파란 눈이 있는 남자가 가장 **잘생겼어요** = Men with blue eyes are the most **handsome** +- 그는 별로 **잘생기지** 않았다 = He’s not that **handsome** - 그는 전혀 **잘생기지** 않았다 = He’s not **handsome** at all @@ -802,7 +1577,7 @@ A composition of the adverb 못 (not well, poorlyThat man is very ugly +- 그 남자는 너무 **못생겼어요** = That man is very **ugly** - 그 여자는 우리 반에서 제일 **못생긴** 여자예요 = That girl is the **ugliest** in our class @@ -839,10 +1614,10 @@ When saying something is different “from” something, 와/과/랑/이랑 must Examples: - 저는 **다른** 영화를 보고 싶어요 = I want to see a **different** movie -- 우리는 매우 **달라요** = We are so different +- 우리는 매우 **달라요** = We are so **different** - 그 건물은 어제와 **달라요** = That building is **different** from yesterday - 고양이는 강아지와 **달라요** = Cats are **different** from dogs -- 캐나다는 한국과 문화적으로 **달라요** = Canada and Korea are culturally different +- 캐나다는 한국과 문화적으로 **달라요** = Canada and Korea are culturally **different** - 서양사람들은 동양사람들과 **달라요** = Western people are **different** from Eastern people - 그 여자가 오늘 화장을 하지 않아서 아주 **달라** 보여요 = That girl looks very **different** today because she didn’t do her makeup @@ -880,8 +1655,8 @@ Common Usages: Examples: -- **맛있는** 것을 먹고 싶어요 = I want to eat something delicious -- 빨간 사과는 가장 **맛**있어요 = Red apples are the most delicious +- **맛있는** 것을 먹고 싶어요 = I want to eat something **delicious** +- 빨간 사과는 가장 **맛**있어요 = Red apples are the most **delicious** - 사과는 가장 **맛있는** 과일이에요 = Apples are the most **delicious** fruit - 한식은 너무 **맛있어요** = Korean food is very **delicious** @@ -899,10 +1674,10 @@ Like the word “맛있다,” 재미있다 is made up of “재미” and “ Examples: -- 그 영화가 너무 **재미있었어요** = That movie was very funny +- 그 영화가 너무 **재미있었어요** = That movie was very **funny** - 그 남자는 **재미있는** 남자예요 = That man is a **funny** person -- 제가 보고 있는 영화는 **재미있어요** = The movie I am watching is funny -- 친구를 만났으면 **재미있었을** 것이다 = If I had met my friend, it would have been fun +- 제가 보고 있는 영화는 **재미있어요** = The movie I am watching is **funny** +- 친구를 만났으면 **재미있었을** 것이다 = If I had met my friend, it would have been **fun** - 설사를 하는 것은 **재미있어요** = Having diarrhea is **fun** @@ -950,8 +1725,8 @@ Example: - 저는 매우 **행복한** 사람이에요 = I am a very **happy** person - 저는 공원에 가는 날에 항상 **행복해요** = I am always **happy** on the days I go to the park - 왜 그렇게 **행복해** 보여요? = Why do you look so **happy**? -- 저는 **행복하**기 때문에 죽고 싶지 않아요 = I don’t want to die because I am happy -- 저는 돈을 받을 때 **행복할** **거예요** = When I receive (the) money, I will be happy +- 저는 **행복하**기 때문에 죽고 싶지 않아요 = I don’t want to die because I am **happy** +- 저는 돈을 받을 때 **행복할** **거예요** = When I receive (the) money, I will be **happy** - 내가 **행복하**면 숙제를 잘 해 = When/If I am **happy**, I do my homework well - 제가 **행복하다**면 일을 더 잘 할 거예요 = If I am **happy**, I will work harder @@ -972,8 +1747,8 @@ The difference between “그” and “저” is the same as the difference bet Example: - **거기**서 언제부터 살았어요? = Since when did you live **there**? -- **거기**에 간 적이 없어요 = I have never gone/been **there**/I haven’t been there -- 제가 **거기**에 가는 중이에요 = I am going there +- **거기**에 간 적이 없어요 = I have never gone/been **there**/I haven’t been **there** +- 제가 **거기**에 가는 중이에요 = I am going **there** - 밥을 **거기**에 두지 말아 주세요 = Don’t put the rice **there**, please - **거기**에 가고 싶으면 비행기를 타야 돼요 = If you want to go **there**, you must take an airplane - 친구가 **거기**에 많을 거라서 그 파티에 가고 싶어요 = Many of my friends will be **there**, so/therefore I want to go to that party @@ -1013,12 +1788,12 @@ Common Usages: Example: -- 저는 밥을 **지금** 먹고 싶어요 = I want to eat now -- 그 여자를 **지금**까지 좋아했어요 = I liked that girl until now -- 여자들은 **지금** 영화를 보고 있어요 = The girls are watching a movie now -- 저는 밥을 다 먹어서 **지금** 배불러요 = I ate all the food, so/therefore, I am full now +- 저는 밥을 **지금** 먹고 싶어요 = I want to eat **now** +- 그 여자를 **지금**까지 좋아했어요 = I liked that girl until **now** +- 여자들은 **지금** 영화를 보고 있어요 = The girls are watching a movie **now** +- 저는 밥을 다 먹어서 **지금** 배불러요 = I ate all the food, so/therefore, I am full **now** - 열심히 운동하고 **지금** 힘이 빠졌어요 = After exercising, I **now** have no energy -- 내가 밥을 벌써 먹어서 **지금** 먹고 싶지 않아 = Because I already ate, I don’t want to eat now +- 내가 밥을 벌써 먹어서 **지금** 먹고 싶지 않아 = Because I already ate, I don’t want to eat **now** - 그 학생은 어떤 여자와 **지금** 사귀고 있어요 = That student is going out with some girl **now**