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---
vocabulary:
nouns:
- ko: 냄새 (나다)
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson14v1.mp3
en: smell
notes: |
<p>It is hard for an English speaker to understand this word. "냄새" is a noun that means "smell." If you want to say that something is smelly (adjective), you need to use the verb 나다, which is very confusing. 나다 acts as a passive verb which is introduced in Lesson 14.</p>
<p>For a positive/good smell, the word "향" is more commonly used.</p>
examples:
- ko: 그 방에서 **냄새**가 나요
en: That room is **smelly** (A **smell** is coming out of that room)
- ko: 김치 찌개 **냄새** 같아요
en: It **smells** like Kimchi Jjigae
- ko: 청소기
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson14v2.mp3
en: vacuum cleaner
notes: Adding "기" after many nouns changes the word to a machine. "청소기" is literally "cleaning machine"
examples:
- ko: 저는 거실을 **청소기**로 청소했어요
en: I cleaned the living room with a **vacuum cleaner**
- ko: 얼굴
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson14v3.mp3
en: face
examples:
- ko: 저는 그 사람의 **얼굴**을 못 봤어요
en: I couldn't see that person's **face**
- ko: "**얼굴**이 왜 이렇게 빨개요?"
en: Why is your **face** so red?
- ko: 제가 세수를 하지 않았기 때문에 **얼굴**이 더러워 보여요
en: My **face** looks dirty because I didn't wash it
- ko: 시장
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson14v4.mp3
en: market
examples:
- ko: 저는 이 사과를 **시장**에서 샀어요
en: I bought these apples at the **market**
- ko: 토론토는 동양**시장**이 많아요
en: Toronto has a lot of Eastern (Oriental) **markets**
- ko: 저는 내일 **시장**에서 사과를 팔 거예요
en: I will sell apples at the **market** tomorrow
- ko: 동대문**시장**에서 아주머니가 많아요
en: There are a lot of older women in Dongdaemun **market**
- ko: 몸
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson14v5.mp3
en: body
examples:
- ko: 저의 **몸**이 너무 아파서 못 가요
en: I can't go because my **body** is so sore
- ko: 양복을 입은 후에 **몸**이 따뜻해졌어요
en: After I put on a suit, my **body** got warm
- ko: "**몸**무게가 몇 킬로예요?"
en: How much do you weigh?
- ko: "**몸**무게가 몇 킬로가 나가요?"
en: How much do you weigh?
- ko: 저는 **수건**으로 몸을 닦았어요
en: I wiped my body with a **towel**
- ko: 잠을 못 자면 다음 날에 **몸**이 피곤해져요
en: When/if you don't sleep well, the next day you (your **body**) will be tired
- ko: 불
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson14v6.mp3
en: light/fire
examples:
- ko: 저는 **불**을 껐어요
en: I turned the **lights** off
- ko: 옛날 사람들은 **불**을 발견했어요
en: People from a long time ago discovered **fire**
- ko: "**불**을 켜도 돼요?"
en: Can I turn the **lights** on?
- ko: 숙제
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson14v7.mp3
en: homework
notes: The pronunciation of this word is closer to "숙쩨"
examples:
- ko: 저는 **숙제**를 하기 싫어요
en: I don't like doing **homework**
- ko: 저는 **숙제**를 끝냈어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/44.mp3
en: I finished my **homework**
- ko: 저는 저의 **숙제**를 가져왔어요
en: I brought my **homework**
- ko: 그 학생은 **숙제**를 가져오지 않았어
en: That student didn't bring his **homework**
- ko: 저는 **숙제**를 나중에 할 거예요
en: I am going to do my **homework** later
- ko: 저는 **숙제**를 다 했어요
en: I did all of my **homework**
- ko: 저는 **숙제**를 빨리 했어요
en: I did my **homework** quickly
- ko: 저는 **숙제**를 끝내고 나서 집으로 갈 거예요
en: I will finish my **homework** and then go home
- ko: 저는 선생님에게 **숙제**에 대한 설명을 요청했어요
en: I asked the teacher for an explanation of the **homework**
- ko: 기억
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson14v8.mp3
en: memory
notes: |
<p>The verb form of this word translates to "to remember"</p>
<p>The word 나다 is often used to indicate that a memory "comes" up. See Lesson 14 for more information.</p>
examples:
- ko: 저는 그 사람의 이름이 **기억**이 안 나요
en: I can't **remember** that person's name
- ko: 행복했던 **기억**을 생각하고 있다
en: I'm thinking about happy **memories**
- ko: 나는 그때 **기억**이 안 났어
en: I didn't **remember** (that) at that time
- ko: 저는 선생님이 그것을 언제 가르쳤는지 **기억** 안 나요
en: I don't **remember** when the teacher taught that
- ko: 저는 그 학생이 어느 대학교를 다니는지 **기억** 안 나요
en: I don't **remember** which university that student attends
- ko: 선생님이 저에게 그 질문을 물어본 것이 **기억** 안 나요
en: I don't **remember** the teacher asking that question to me
- ko: 상자
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson14v9.mp3
en: box
notes: The Korean pronunciation of "box" (박스) is often used as well
examples:
- ko: 저는 핸드폰을 **상자**에 넣었어요
en: I put the phone in the **box**
- ko: 바람
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson14v10.mp3
en: wind
examples:
- ko: 바다 근처에 **바람**이 세게 불어요
en: The **wind** is strong near the ocean
- ko: 문이 **바람**에 닫혔어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-14-11.mp3
en: The door was closed by the **wind**
- ko: 세금
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson14v11.mp3
en: tax
examples:
- ko: 한국에서는 **세금**이 물건 값에 포함돼요
en: In Korea, **tax** is included in the price of goods
- ko: 이 값은 **세금**을 포함해요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/1.mp3
en: This price includes **tax**
- ko: "**세금** 은 값에 포함된다"
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/16.mp3
en: The **tax** is included in the price
verbs:
- ko: 켜다
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson14v12.mp3
en: to turn on
notes: The passive form of this word is 켜지다 (to be turned on)
examples:
- ko: 저는 아까 컴퓨터를 **켰어요**
en: I **turned** the computer **on** earlier
- ko: 끄다
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson14v13.mp3
en: to turn off
notes: |
<p>The passive form of this word is "꺼지다" (to be turned off)</p>
<p>끄다 follows the ㅡ irregular</p>
examples:
- ko: 저는 불을 **껐어요**
en: I **turned** the lights **off**
- ko: 저는 TV를 **껐어요**
en: I **turned** the TV **off**
- ko: 숨다
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson14v14.mp3
en: to hide oneself
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "숨따"</p>
<p>This is used when somebody hides his/herself. When hiding an object, 숨기다 is used.</p>
examples:
- ko: 저는 큰 박스 뒤에 **숨었어요**
en: I **hid** behind a big box
- ko: 숨기다
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson14v15.mp3
en: to hide an object
notes: |
<p>When hiding oneself, the word 숨다 is used. For example: "저는 박스 뒤에 숨었어요"</p>
<p>However, when hiding an object, 숨기다 is used.</p>
examples:
- ko: 저는 반지를 박스 안에 **숨겼어요**
en: I **hid** the ring in a box
- ko: 그녀는 아이가 죽었다는 사실을 **숨겼어요**
en: She **hid** (the fact that) her child died
- ko: 고장내다
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson14v16.mp3
en: to break
notes: The passive form of this word is "고장 나다" (to be broken). The passive form of this word is more commonly used than the active version.
examples:
- ko: 저는 컴퓨터를 **고장 냈어요**
en: I **broke** the computer
- ko: 놓다
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson14v17.mp3
en: to lay an object down
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "노타"</p>
<p>The passive form of this word is "놓이다" (to be placed on something)</p>
examples:
- ko: 펜을 탁자에 **놓으세요**!
en: "**Put** your pens on the table!"
- ko: 저는 병을 탁자에 **놓았어요**
en: I **put** the bottle on the table
- ko: 눕다
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson14v18.mp3
en: to lie down
notes: |
<p>눕다 follows the ㅂ irregular</p>
<p>The word 눕히다 is used to indicate that you laid another person down</p>
examples:
- ko: 저는 침대에 잠깐 **눕**고 싶어요
en: I want to **lie down** for just a second
- ko: 저는 **누워서** 책을 읽었어요
en: I **lied** down and read a book
- ko: 피곤한 사람은 침대에 **누워서** 잤어요
en: The tired person **lied** on the bed and slept
- ko: 존경하다
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson14v19.mp3
en: to respect
notes: When one receives respect, 존경 받다 is used
examples:
- ko: 아이들은 자기 부모님을 **존경해**야 돼요
en: Children must **respect** their parents
- ko: 저는 저의 형을 **존경해요**
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/17.mp3
en: I **respect** my brother
- ko: 만약 제가 선생님이라면 학생들에게 **존경**을 받고 싶을 거예요
en: If I were a teacher, I would want to be **respected** by students
- ko: 대체하다
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson14v20.mp3
en: to replace
notes: The noun form of this word translates to "replacement"
examples:
- ko: 회사는 기계를 **대체했어요**
en: The company **replaced** the machine
- ko: 교실에서 선생님들을 컴퓨터로 **대체할** 수 없어요
en: You can't **replace** teachers with computers in the classroom
- ko: 제공하다
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson14v21.mp3
en: to provide, to offer
examples:
- ko: 그 헬스장은 개인 사물함을 **제공해요**
en: That gym **provides** a personal locker
- ko: 우리 학교는 외국 선생님들한테 집을 **제공해요**
en: The school **provides** housing to foreign teachers
- ko: 포함하다
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson14v22.mp3
en: to include
notes: |
<p>See Lesson 71 for more information</p>
examples:
- ko: 이 가격은 세금을 **포함해요**
en: This price **includes** tax
- ko: 이 뷔페가격은 음료수를 **포함해요**
en: This buffet price **includes** drinks
- ko: 나를 **포함해서** 네 명이 있어요
en: There are four people **including** me
- ko: 내다
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson14v23.mp3
en: to make something come up/arise/occur
notes: |
<p>Words ending in 내다 can usually be switched to end in 나다 to change the meaning from active to passive (and vice-versa). However, not all words ending in 나다 have an equivalent 내다 verb (and vice-versa). 나다 and 내다 can be used as standalone verbs as well as be attached to other words. Both of their meanings are very complex and depend heavily on the situation. When used by itself, it usually translates to "pay" or to "submit". For example:</p>
<ul>
<li>돈을 내다 = to pay (money)</li>
<li>세금을 내다 = to pay taxes</li>
<li>신청 서류를 내다 = to submit an application form</li>
</ul>
<p>However, it can be found attached to many words that also have a 나다 (passive) equivalent:</p>
<ul>
<li>저는 컴퓨터를 고장 냈어요 = I broke the computer</li>
<li>저는 숙제를 끝냈어요 = I finished my homework</li>
</ul>
examples:
- ko: 저는 컴퓨터를 고장 **냈어요**
en: I broke the computer
- ko: 저는 숙제를 끝**냈어요**
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/44.mp3
en: I finished my homework
- ko: 싸우다
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson14v24.mp3
en: to fight
examples:
- ko: 그는 여자 친구랑 지금 **싸우**고 있어요
en: He is **fighting** with his girlfriend now
- ko: 교실에서 **싸우지** 마세요
en: Don't **fight** in the classroom
- ko: 우리 할아버지는 한국전쟁에서 **싸웠어요**
en: Our grandfather **fought** in the Korean War
- ko: 속이다
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson14v25.mp3
en: to trick somebody
notes: The passive form of this word is "속다" (to be tricked)
examples:
- ko: 저는 친구를 **속였어요**
en: I **tricked** my friend
- ko: 감동하다
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson14v26.mp3
en: to impress
notes: |
<p>The noun form of this word translates to "impression"</p>
<p>More commonly used as 감동받다 (to be impressed) and 감동시키다 (to impress)</p>
examples:
- ko: 저는 당신의 말에 **감동받았어요**
en: I was **impressed** with what you said
- ko: 저는 학생들에게 **감동**을 크게 받았어요
en: I was greatly **impressed** by the students
- ko: 서다
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson14v27.mp3
en: to stand
notes: |
<p>To indicate that you went from the sitting/lying down position to standing, the word "일어나다" (to get up) should be used.</p>
examples:
- ko: 우리는 한 시간 동안 줄에 **서** **있었어요**
en: We were **standing** in the line for an hour
- ko: 저는 줄에 **서**서 순서를 기다렸어요
en: I **stood** in line and waited for my turn
passive_verbs:
- ko: 잠기다
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson14v28.mp3
en: to be locked
notes: The active form of this word is "잠그다" (to lock)
examples:
- ko: 문이 **잠겨 있어요**
en: The door is **locked**
- ko: 켜지다
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson14v29.mp3
en: to be turned on
notes: The active form of this word is "켜다" (to turn on)
examples:
- ko: 컴퓨터가 **켜져** **있어요**
en: The computer is **(in the state of being) on**
- ko: 꺼지다
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Lesson14break.mp3
en: to be turned off
notes: The active form of this word is "끄다" (to turn off)
examples:
- ko: TV가 **꺼져** **있어요**
en: The TV is **(in the state of being)** **off**
- ko: 나다
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson14v30.mp3
en: to have something you didn't have
notes: |
<p>Words ending in 나다 can usually be switched to end in 내다 to change the meaning from passive to active (and vice-versa). However, not all words ending in 나다 have an equivalent 내다 verb (and vice-versa). 나다 and 내다 can be used as standalone verbs as well as be attached to other words. Both of their meanings are very complex and depend heavily on the situation. I discuss this more deeply in this lesson. Furthermore, a detailed list of many ways 나다 can be used is shown in Lesson 128.</p>
examples:
- ko: 좋은 생각이 **났어요**!
en: I **have** a good idea
- ko: 우리 아들은 열이 **났어요**
en: My son **has** a fever
- ko: 고장나다
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson14v31.mp3
en: to be broken
notes: The active form of this word is "고장 내다" (to break)
examples:
- ko: 컴퓨터는 **고장 났어요**
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/43-1.mp3
en: the computer is **broken**
- ko: 화나다
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson14v32.mp3
en: to be mad
examples:
- ko: 저의 여자 친구는 저한테 **화(가) 났어요**
en: My girlfriend was **mad** at me
- ko: 선생님을 존경하지 않으면 나는 **화가** **날** **거야**
en: If you don't respect your teacher, I will be **mad**
- ko: 짜증나다
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson14v33.mp3
en: to be annoyed
examples:
- ko: 저는 그가 너무 **짜증나요**
en: I am **annoyed** at him
- ko: 수압이 너무 낮아서 우리 집에서 샤워를 하면 **짜증이 나요**
en: It is **annoying** showering at my house because the water pressure is too low
- ko: 놓이다
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson14v34.mp3
en: for an object to be lying down
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "노이다"</p>
<p>The active form of this word is "놓다" (to put down)</p>
examples:
- ko: 펜이 탁자에 **놓여** **있어요**
en: The pen is **on** the table (**lying** **on** the table)
- ko: 책상에 책 몇 권이 **놓여** **있어요**
en: There are some books **on** the desk
- ko: 열리다
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson14v35.mp3
en: to be open
notes: The active form of this word is "열다" (to open)
examples:
- ko: 문이 **열려** **있어요**
en: The door is **open(ed)**
- ko: 문이 **열려** 있을 것 같아요
en: The door will probably be **open**
- ko: 닫히다
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson14v36.mp3
en: to be closed
notes: The active form of this word is "닫다" (to close)
examples:
- ko: 문이 **닫혀** 있었어요
en: The door was **closed**
- ko: 문은 바람에 **닫혔어요**
en: The door was **closed** by the wind
- ko: 속다
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson14v37.mp3
en: to be tricked
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "속따"</p>
<p>The active form of this word is "속이다" (to trick)</p>
examples:
- ko: 저는 친구에게 **속았어요**
en: I was **tricked** by my friend
adverbs:
- ko: 자꾸
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson14v38.mp3
en: repeatedly
examples:
- ko: 저에게 왜 **자꾸** 전화해요?
en: Why do you keep calling me **over and over**?
---
# Lesson 14: Korean Passive Verbs
## Vocabulary
<VocabQuiz />
### Nouns
냄새 (나다) <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson14v1.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">smell</span>