From e29505cf1b66d239808067cc250d6deeccef21c8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: polv Date: Sat, 11 Jul 2026 07:58:00 +0700 Subject: [PATCH] lesson 7 quiz --- docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/07-irregulars.md | 1187 +++++++++++++---- 1 file changed, 932 insertions(+), 255 deletions(-) diff --git a/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/07-irregulars.md b/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/07-irregulars.md index e3dc872..360b131 100644 --- a/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/07-irregulars.md +++ b/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/07-irregulars.md @@ -1,12 +1,698 @@ +--- +vocabulary: + nouns: + - ko: 눈썹 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-1.mp3 + en: eyebrow + examples: + - ko: 그 사람의 **눈썹**은 짙어요 + en: That person's **eyebrows** are thick + - ko: 저도 그런 **눈썹**이 있었으면 좋겠어요 + en: I wish I had that type of **eyebrows**, too + + - ko: 교사 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-2.mp3 + en: teacher + notes: | +

교사 refers more to the position of a teacher. You would usually refer to a teacher by calling him/her "선생님." However, if you wanted to tell somebody what your position was, you could use 교사 (선생님 would also work here as well).

+ examples: + - ko: 저는 영어**교사**예요 + en: I am an English **teacher** + - ko: 대학교 때 자유롭게 공부하고 싶으면 지도**교사**가 전공을 나중에 선택하라고 말했어요 + en: If you want to study freely in university, my **guidance counselor** told me to choose my major later + + - ko: 반 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-4.mp3 + en: class of students in school + examples: + - ko: "몇 **반**이에요?" + en: What **class** are you in? + - ko: 그 여자는 우리 **반**에서 제일 못생긴 여자예요 + en: That girl is the ugliest in our **class** + + - ko: 직장 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-5.mp3 + en: location of work + notes: | +

In English, we say "work" to refer to what is being done and where it is being done. For example "I am doing work at work." 직장 refers to the location in which you work.

+ examples: + - ko: 그는 **직장**에서 일찍 퇴근했어요 + en: He left **work** early + - ko: "**직장**에서 더 멀리 이사하게 되었어요" + en: I ended up moving farther away from **work** + - ko: 학업을 진행하면서 **직장**도 다녀요 + en: As I progress/continue my studies, I also go to **work** + - ko: 저는 일반적으로 그 사람을 **직장**에서 보지 못해요 + en: I generally don't see that person at **work** + - ko: 자신감에 찬 표정으로 새로운 **직장**에 들어갔어요 + en: He went into a new **workplace** with a face full of confidence + + - ko: 벽 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-10.mp3 + en: wall + examples: + - ko: 저는 사진을 **벽**에 걸었어요 + en: I hung a picture on a **wall** + - ko: 그림은 **벽**에 걸려 있어요 + en: The picture is hanging on the **wall** + - ko: "**벽**에 붙어 있는 광고를 봤어요?" + en: Did you see the advertisement that is attached to the **wall**? + - ko: 노동자들이 무너질 것 같은 **벽**을 안정시켰어요 + en: The workers stabilized the **wall** that was probably going to collapse + - ko: 사람들이 모두 볼 수 있게 안내문을 **벽**에 붙였다 + en: (I) posted (attached) an information sign on the **wall** so that all the people (can) see it + + - ko: 털 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-11.mp3 + en: hair (not on head), fur + notes: | +

In English, we say "hair" for all of the hair on our body. However, in Korean, 털 is used to refer to any hair that is not on your head. It is also used to refer to the fur of an animal.

+ examples: + - ko: 저는 팔에 **털**이 많아요 + en: I have a lot of **hair** on my arms + - ko: 한국사람들이 가슴에 **털**이 없어요 + en: Korean people don't have **hair** on their chest + - ko: 내일 해변에 갈 거라서 겨드랑이 **털**을 면도할 수밖에 없어요 + en: I am going to the beach tomorrow, so I have no choice but to shave my **armpit hair** + - ko: 기린의 **털** 때문에 기린이 노란색 옷을 입은 것 같이 보였다. 나는 기린이 목이 길어서 무서울 줄 알았는데 오히려 귀여웠다. + en: Because of their **fur**, it looked like the giraffes were wearing yellow clothes. Giraffes have long necks, therefore I thought they would be scary, rather, they were cute. + + - ko: 머리카락 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-12.mp3 + en: hair (on head) + examples: + - ko: 그 여자의 **머리카락**은 길어요 + en: That girl's **hair** is long + - ko: 저의 **머리카락**을 꼬지 말아 달라고 했어요 + en: I told her to please stop twisting my **hair** + + - ko: 저녁 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Lesson-7-8.mp3 + en: dinner, evening + notes: | +

The word "저녁" can refer to the evening time, or the meal that is eaten at that time (dinner). To distinguish between them, 저녁식사 (dinner) and 저녁시간 (the evening) can also be used.

+ examples: + - ko: "**저녁**으로 뭐 먹었어요?" + en: What did you eat for **dinner**? + - ko: 엄마가 온 후에 저는 **저녁식사**를 먹을 거예요 + en: After mom comes home, I will eat **dinner** + - ko: 요리사들은 **저녁**을 부엌에서 준비했어요 + en: The chefs prepared the **dinner** in the kitchen + - ko: 저는 **저녁**에 공부했어요 + en: I studied in the **evening** + - ko: 저는 일요일에 **저녁**을 안 먹었어요 + en: I didn't eat **dinner** on Sunday + + - ko: 점심 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Lesson7-9.mp3 + en: lunch, noonish + notes: | +

The word "점심" can refer to the time around noon, or the meal that is eaten at that time (lunch). To distinguish between them, 점심식사 (lunch) and 점심시간 (noonish) can also be used.

+ examples: + - ko: "**점심**으로 뭐 먹고 싶어요?" + en: What do you want to eat for **lunch**? + - ko: 저는 보통 **점심식사**로 과일만 먹어요 + en: I usually only eat fruit for **lunch** + - ko: "**점심**은 어땠어요?" + en: How was **lunch**? + - ko: "**점심**을 먹었어?" + en: Did you eat **lunch**? + - ko: 오빠는 바닥에 앉아서 **점심**을 먹었어요 + en: My brother ate **lunch** sitting on the floor + + - ko: 옷 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-7-v1.mp3 + en: clothes + notes: | +

One way and one form of telling somebody to put on clothes is to say "옷 입어." This sounds like "온 이버"

+ examples: + - ko: 저는 저의 **옷**을 벗었어요 + en: I took off my **clothes** + - ko: 저는 자주 **옷**을 충동적으로 사요 + en: I often buy **clothes** impulsively + - ko: 저는 따뜻한 **옷**을 입고 싶어요 + en: I want to wear (put on) warm **clothes** + - ko: "**옷**을 갈아입으러 탈의실에 갔어요" + en: He went to the change-room to change his **clothes** + - ko: 여행할 때 **옷**을 많이 챙길 필요가 없어요 + en: I/you don't need to pack a lot of **clothes** when you travel + - ko: 우리가 똑같은 **옷**을 입고 있어요 + en: We are wearing exactly the same **clothes** + + - ko: 오전 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-39.mp3 + en: morning + notes: | +

This generally refers to any time before noon, but to refer to specifically refer to something early in the morning "새벽" can be used. "아침" refers to the time from breakfast until around noon.

+ examples: + - ko: 저는 내일 **오전**에 교회에 가야 돼요 + en: I have to go to church tomorrow in the **morning** + - ko: 우리 영업시간은 **오전** 8시부터 오후 5시까지입니다 + en: Our business hours are from 8 **am** to 5 pm + - ko: 오늘 일대일 면접이 오후에 있어서 **오전** 내내 면접 준비를 해야 해요 + en: Today I have a one on one interview in the afternoon, so all **morning** I need to prepare for it + + - ko: 오후 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-40.mp3 + en: afternoon + notes: To refer to a time later than 5:00 or so "밤" or "저녁" would more commonly be used + examples: + - ko: "**오후**에 뭐 할 거예요?" + en: What are you doing in the **afternoon**? + - ko: 저는 오늘 **오후**에 낮잠을 잤어요 + en: I took a nap in the **afternoon** today + - ko: "**오후**에 비가 올지 모르겠어요" + en: It might rain in the **afternoon** tomorrow + - ko: "**오후**가 되면 햇살이 강해져요" + en: In the **afternoon**, the sun gets stronger + - ko: 우리 부장님께서 오늘 **오후**에 출발할 예정이십니다 + en: Our boss is scheduled to depart this **afternoon** + - ko: 이 의견에 동의하지 않는 사람은 제 사무실로 **오후**에 찾아오세요 + en: People who don't agree with this opinion, please come and see ("find") me in my office this **afternoon** + + - ko: 여름 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-42.mp3 + en: summer + notes: For more information, words and sentences about seasons check out our Weather Theme Lesson. + examples: + - ko: 이번 **여름**은 너무 더워요 + en: This **summer** is too hot + - ko: "**여름**에 저는 공부하겠어요" + en: I will study in the **summer** + - ko: 논문을 **여름**까지 끝낼 수 없을까 봐 걱정돼요 + en: I'm worried that I won't finish my thesis by **summer** + - ko: 놀이동산에 **여름**에는 사람이 많아요 + en: There are many people at the amusement park in the **summer** + - ko: 매년 **여름**, 이 지역에는 홍수가 나요 + en: A flood occurs every **summer** in this area + - ko: 한국에서는 겨울 방학이 **여름** 방학보다 더 길어요 + en: In Korea, winter vacation is longer than **summer** vacation + - ko: 제가 **여름**을 제일 좋아하는 이유는 긴 휴가가 있기 때문이에요 + en: The reason I like **summer** the most is because there is a long holiday + + - ko: 가을 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-43.mp3 + en: fall + examples: + - ko: "**가을**이 시원해서 좋아요" + en: "**Fall** is nice because it is cool" + - ko: "**가을**에 잎의 색깔은 변해요" + en: The color of the leaves changes in the **fall** + - ko: "**가을**에는 낙엽이 많이 떨어져요" + en: In the **fall**, a lot of leaves fall to the ground + - ko: "**가을**에는 단풍놀이를 가는 많은 사람들을 볼 수 있어요" + en: In the **fall**, you can see many people who go out to see the autumn colors + + - ko: 겨울 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-44.mp3 + en: winter + examples: + - ko: 너무 추워서 저는 **겨울**이 싫어요 + en: I don't like **winter** because it is too cold + - ko: 캐나다는 **겨울**이 추운 나라예요 + en: Canada is a country of/with cold **winters** + - ko: "**겨울**에 한국 사람들이 문을 왜 안 닫는지 이해가 안 돼요" + en: I don't understand why Korean people don't close the door in the **winter** + - ko: 피부가 너무 약해서 **겨울**에도 로션을 발라야 돼요 + en: I even need to out on lotion in the **winter** because my skin is weak + + - ko: 봄 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-45.mp3 + en: spring + examples: + - ko: 나무는 **봄**에 예뻐요 + en: The trees are pretty in **spring** + - ko: 한국에는 황사가 중국에서 **봄**마다 와요 + en: Yellow dust comes to Korea every **spring** from China + - ko: "**봄**에는 꽃가루 알레르기를 조심해 야 해요" + en: You need to be careful about pollen allergies in the **spring** + + verbs: + - ko: 찾다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-13.mp3 + en: to search for, find + notes: | +

In English, the words "looking for/searching" and "find" have a similar meaning but are used differently. We use "find" after something is found. However, before something is found we use "look for/search." In Korean, the 찾다 is used for both of these usages. This confusion often leads Korean people to incorrectly say things like "I am finding my brother."

+ examples: + - ko: 저는 저의 지갑을 **찾**고 있어요 + en: I am **looking** for my wallet + - ko: 누군가(는) 너를 **찾**고 있어 + en: Somebody is **looking** for you + - ko: 저는 그 사실을 백과사전에 **찾았어요** + en: I **looked** up that fact in an encyclopedia + - ko: 우리 회사는 새로운 회사원을 **찾**고 있어요 + en: Our company is **looking** for new workers + + - ko: 가르치다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-15.mp3 + en: to teach + examples: + - ko: 저는 고등학교에서 10년 동안 영어를 **가르쳤어요** + en: I **taught** English at a high school for 10 years + - ko: 저는 학생들한테 한국어를 **가르쳤어요** + en: I **taught** Korean to the students + - ko: "어제 학생들한테 뭐 **가르쳤어요**?" + en: What did you **teach** the students yesterday? + - ko: 저는 선생님이 그것을 언제 **가르쳤는**지 기억 안 나요 + en: I don't remember when the teacher **taught** that + - ko: 선생님은 우리를 너무 잘 **가르치셨어** + en: Our teacher **taught** us really well + - ko: 이것을 **가르쳐** 줘서 감사합니다 + en: Thanks for **teaching** that to me + - ko: 그 선생님은 한국어를 저에게 **가르쳐** 줬어요 + en: That teacher **taught** me Korean + + - ko: 일하다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-16.mp3 + en: to work + notes: | +

The noun form of 일하다 (일) literally means "work" (as in, something you need to do). However, it is often used to refer to a task or anything that needs to be done. For example: "저는 내일 할 일이 있어요" = "I have something I need to do tomorrow"

+ examples: + - ko: 저는 그 회사에서 **일해요** + en: I **work** at/for that company + - ko: 저는 지난 월요일에 **일했어요** + en: I **worked** last Monday + - ko: 저는 2주 동안 열심히 **일했어요** + en: I **worked** hard for 2 weeks + - ko: 저는 그 회사에서 5월까지 **일할** **거예요** + en: I will **work** at that company until May + - ko: 저는 회사를 위해 열심히 **일할** **거예요** + en: I will **work** hard for the company + - ko: 아버지는 지금 **일하**고 있어요 + en: Dad is **working** now + - ko: 그 사람은 10년 동안 열심히 **일하**고 부자가 되었어요 + en: That person **worked** hard for 10 years and then became a rich person + + - ko: 짓다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-17.mp3 + en: to build + notes: 짓다 follows the ㅅ irregular + examples: + - ko: "그 집을 언제 **지었어요**?" + en: When did you **build** that house? + - ko: 저는 집을 **지었어요** + en: I **built** a house + - ko: 저는 우리 집을 나무로 **지었어요** + en: I **built** our house out of wood + - ko: 새로 **지어진** 건물이 멋있어요 + en: The newly **built** building is really cool/stylish + - ko: 이 건물은 유명한 건축가의 건축설계도에 기초해서 **지어졌어요** + en: This building was **built** based on the blueprints of a famous architect + - ko: 새로 **지어진** 공원에 운동 시설이 매우 좋아서 많은 사람들이 거기에서 운동을 해요 + en: The newly **built** park has very good exercise facilities so many people exercise there + + - ko: 가지다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-18.mp3 + en: to own, to possess + notes: | +

When you use "있다" to indicate that you have something, you must put the particle ~이/가 on the object you have. For example: 저는 펜이 있어요

+

However, you can attach ~을/을 to that object if you use ~가지고 있다.

+

갖다 is a shortened version of this word. See Lesson 97 for more information.

+ examples: + - ko: 저는 펜을 **가지**고 있어요 + en: I **have** a pen + - ko: 저는 지금 돈을 **가지**고 있어요 + en: I **have** money now + - ko: 그 여자는 자연스러운 머리를 **가지**고 있어요 + en: That **girl** has natural hair + - ko: 그는 항상 사진기를 **가지**고 다녀요 + en: He always **carries** his camera with him (while walking around) + - ko: 열쇠를 **가지**고 나왔어요? + en: Did you **bring** your keys (did you come out while possessing your keys?) + - ko: 작은 입으로 큰 생선을 먹을 수 있다는 게 너무 신기했다. 나는 펭귄에게 먹이를 주기 위해 천천히 다가갔다. 펭귄들은 내가 먹이를 **가지고** 있자 내 주위로 다가왔다. + en: I was really amazed they could eat a big fish with their little mouth. I approached the penguins slowly with food, and as soon as I **had** food, the penguins drew close around me. + + - ko: 잠그다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-19.mp3 + en: to lock + notes: 잠그다 follows the ㅡ irregular + examples: + - ko: 저는 문을 **잠갔어요** + en: I **locked** the door + - ko: 아버지는 창문을 **잠갔어요** + en: Dad **locked** the window + - ko: 문을 **잠가야** 되었는데 깜박했어요! + en: I was supposed to **lock** the door, but I forgot! + - ko: 수압이 너무 세서 수도꼭지를 **잠가** 놓으세요 + en: The water pressure is too strong, so **turned off ("lock")** the faucet + + - ko: 잊다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-20.mp3 + en: to forget + notes: | +

~아/어버리다 is added to some verbs to express the emotion that something was done and "thrown away" at the same time. It is commonly attached to 잊다 to express that something was "forgotten and thrown away."

+ examples: + - ko: 저를 **잊**지 마세요! + en: Don't **forget** me! + - ko: 저는 아빠의 죽음을 **잊**지 않았어요 + en: I didn't **forget** the death of my father + - ko: 열쇠를 어디 둔지 **잊**어버렸어요 + en: I **forget** where I put my keys + - ko: 저는 사막에서 살았을 때를 **잊**어버리고 싶어요 + en: I want to **forget** the time I lived in the desert + - ko: 바쁘게 살다 보면 가끔 중요한 일을 **잊어버려요** + en: If you (continue to) live a busy life, sometimes you will **forget** important things/tasks/jobs + - ko: 미술대회에 참가하는 신입생들은 **잊지** 말고 꼭 10시까지 모여주세요 + en: Freshmen participating in the art competition, don't **forget**, and be sure to gather by 10 o'clock + - ko: 우리 오빠는 나에게 **잊지** 말고 영국에서 유명한 기념품을 사서 한국에 보내 달라고 했다 + en: My brother told me not to **forget** to buy some famous souvenirs in England and send them to Korea + + - ko: 돕다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Lesson3Vocab-help.mp3 + en: to help + notes: | +

돕다 is an irregular ㅂ irregular. ㅂ changes to 오 when ~아/어 is added. However, ㅂ changes to 우 when any other vowel is added.

+

~아/어주다 is commonly added to this word, because usually when one helps somebody, it is a form of "giving"

+ examples: + - ko: "**도와**주세요!" + en: "**help** me please!" + - ko: 제가 선생님이 아니라 학생을 **도와**주는 사람이에요 + en: I am not a teacher, I'm a student **helper** + - ko: 곤경에 처한 사람을 **도와주느라고** 제시간에 학교에 가지 못했다 + en: I wasn't able to go to school on time because I was **helping** a person going through some trouble + - ko: 과학을 배우는 것은 중요해, 왜냐하면 내가 살고 있는 곳을 더욱 잘 이해할 수 있게 **도와주기** 때문이야 + en: It is important to learn science, because it **helps** me understand the place/environment that I live (in) better + - ko: 나는 엄마를 **도와** 정리를 했다. 거실을 깨끗하게 정리하고 엄마한테 진심으로 감사하다는 말을 전했다 + en: I **helped** mom clean-up/organize. We organized the living room (cleanly), and thanked mom from the bottom of our hearts + + - ko: 주다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-21.mp3 + en: to give + notes: | +

When giving something to a person who deserves respect, 드리다 is used.

+

Often conjugated in the imperative voice (for example, ~세요) to ask for something. For example: "밥을 많이 주세요" = "Give me lots of rice"

+

Often gets placed after a verb if somebody does an action for somebody. For example: "이것을 만들어 주세요" = "Please, make this for me"

+

See Lesson 41 for more information.

+ examples: + - ko: 그 그릇을 **주**세요 + en: "**Give** me that bowl, please" + - ko: 밥을 사 **주**세요 + en: Buy me food, please + - ko: 어머님은 너에게 돈을 **줬어**? + en: Did your mother **give** you money? + - ko: 저는 저의 친구에게 돈을 **줬어요** + en: I **gave** my friend money + - ko: 아빠는 나에게 음식을 **줬어** + en: Dad **gave** me food + - ko: 그 선생님은 한국어를 저에게 가르쳐 **줬어요** + en: That teacher taught me Korean + + - ko: 맞다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-36.mp3 + en: to be correct + notes: | +

In every way, 맞다 looks, feels and sounds like an adjective. However, in Korean 맞다 is a verb. In most cases this is irrelevant, but keep this in mind when conjugating.

+ examples: + - ko: 선생님! 이 거 **맞아요**? + en: Teacher! Is this **correct**? + - ko: 고객님들은 항상 **맞아요** + en: The customer is (customers are) always **right** + - ko: 이 자세 **맞아요**? + en: Is this posture **right/correct**? + - ko: 그 학설은 **맞을** 리가 없어요 + en: That theory cannot be **right** + + adjectives: + - ko: 쉽다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-22.mp3 + en: to be easy + notes: 쉽다 follows the ㅂ irregular + examples: + - ko: 그 일은 너무 **쉬웠어요** + en: that task was very **easy** + - ko: 저는 **쉬운** 일을 했어요 + en: I did **easy** work + - ko: 누구나 그 **쉬운** 일을 잘 해요 + en: Anybody can do that **easy** job well + + - ko: 덥다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-23.mp3 + en: to be hot + notes: | +

덥다 follows the ㅂ irregular

+

덥다 is only used to talk about the weather or one's body, not the temperature of objects.

+ examples: + - ko: 오늘 날씨가 너무 **더워요** + en: Today the weather is too **hot** + - ko: 오늘은 어제보다 더 **더워** + en: Today is **hotter** than yesterday + - ko: 너무 **더워서** 창문을 열었어요 + en: I opened a window because it is too **hot** + - ko: 날씨가 춥다가 갑자기 **더워졌어요** + en: The weather was cold, and then suddenly became **hot** + - ko: 오늘 날씨가 너무 **더워** 가지고 약속을 취소했어요 + en: Because the weather is so **hot** today, I cancelled my plans + + - ko: 그립다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-24.mp3 + en: to miss (a thing) + notes: | +

그립다 follows the ㅂ irregular

+

"보고 싶다" can is used when one misses a person.

+

In English "to miss" is a verb. 그립다 is an adjective in Korean that describes the feeling that is felt when one misses something. It is more commonly used when one misses a non-person. As an adjective, it must get treated as one. Therefore, in order to say that one misses something, it is commonly used in the Subject – Object – Adjective form that is taught in Lesson 15.

+ examples: + - ko: 저는 우리 학교가 **그리워요** + en: I **miss** our school + - ko: 저는 한국 음식이 **그리워요** + en: I **miss** Korean food + - ko: 저는 결혼한 게 좋지만 한편으로 결혼 전 생활도 **그리워요** + en: I like being married, but, on the other hand, I also **miss** my life before I got married + + - ko: 귀엽다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-25.mp3 + en: to be cute + notes: 귀엽다 follows the ㅂ irregular + examples: + - ko: 저의 여자 친구는 너무 **귀여워요** + en: My girlfriend is very **cute** + - ko: 그 여자는 **귀여워요** + en: That girl is **cute** + - ko: 저는 **귀여운** 여자를 좋아해요 + en: I like **cute** girls + - ko: 그 강아지의 꼬리는 아주 **귀여워요** + en: That puppy's tail is very **cute** + - ko: 동생이 너무 **귀여워서** 가끔씩 동생의 볼을 꼬집어요 + en: My younger sibling is so **cute** that sometimes I pinch his/her cheeks + - ko: 슬기의 볼이 통통하고 **귀여워서** 매일 뽀뽀해주고 싶어요 + en: Seulgi's cheeks are very chubby and **cute**, so I want kiss them everyday + - ko: 길을 걷다가 시선이 느껴져서 쳐다보니 **귀여운** 남자가 저를 보며 서 있었어요 + en: I was walking down the street and I felt somebody looking at me, so I looked and saw a **cute** man standing there looking at me + - ko: 기린의 털 때문에 기린이 노란색 옷을 입은 것 같이 보였다. 나는 기린이 목이 길어서 무서울 줄 알았는데 오히려 **귀여웠다**. + en: Because of their fur, it looked like the giraffes were wearing yellow clothes. Giraffes have long necks, therefore I thought they would be scary, rather, they were **cute**. + + - ko: 춥다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-26.mp3 + en: to be cold + notes: | +

춥다 follows the ㅂ irregular

+

춥다 is only used to talk about the weather or one's body, not the temperature of objects.

+ examples: + - ko: 캐나다는 겨울이 **추운** 나라예요 + en: Canada is a **cold** country in the winter + - ko: 날씨는 주말에 **추워졌어요** + en: The weather **got cold** over the weekend + - ko: 너무 **추워**서 저는 겨울이 싫어요 + en: I don't like winter because it is too **cold** + - ko: 현재 날씨는 평소보다 조금 **추워요** + en: The present/recent weather is **colder** than normal + - ko: 요즘에 날씨가 점점 **추워**져요 + en: Lately, the weather is getting gradually **colder** + - ko: 날씨가 **추워**서 따뜻한 옷을 입었어요 + en: The weather is **cold,** so I put on warm clothes + + - ko: 어렵다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-27.mp3 + en: to be difficult + notes: 어렵다 follows the ㅂ irregular + examples: + - ko: 수학은 너무 **어려워요** + en: Math is too **difficult** + - ko: 한국에서 대학교는 고등학교보다 덜 **어려워요** + en: In Korea, University is not as **hard** as high school + - ko: 저는 **어려운** 내용을 천천히 설명했어요 + en: I explained the **difficult** content slowly + - ko: 부장님을 만족시키는 것은 **어려워요** + en: Is it is **difficult** to satisfy our boss + - ko: "**고등학교**는 한국에서 **어려워요**" + en: High school is **difficult** in Korea + + - ko: 더럽다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-28.mp3 + en: to be dirty + notes: 더럽다 follows the ㅂ irregular + examples: + - ko: 우리 집은 지금 매우 **더러워요** + en: Our house is really **dirty** right now + - ko: 쥐는 너무 **더러워요** + en: Rats are very **dirty** + - ko: 바다는 춥고 **더러워요** + en: The ocean is cold and **dirty** + - ko: 제가 세수를 하지 않았기 때문에 얼굴이 **더러워** 보여요 + en: My face looks **dirty** because I didn't wash it + + - ko: 바쁘다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-29.mp3 + en: to be busy + notes: 바쁘다 follows the ㅡ irregular + examples: + - ko: 제가 너무 **바빠**서 내일 못 가요 + en: I can't go tomorrow because I am so **busy** + - ko: 저는 어제 너무 **바빴어요** + en: I was very/too **busy** yesterday + - ko: 이달 초에 친구들과 모임이 많을 거여서 매우 **바쁠** 것 같아요 + en: I will probably be very **busy** at the beginning of this month because I have a lot of meetings with friends + - ko: 우리가 원래 내일 만나기로 했는데 우리 둘 다 너무 **바빠서** 다음 주로 연기했어요 + en: We originally decided to meet tomorrow, but we delayed it to next week because we were both so **busy** + + - ko: 같다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-30.mp3 + en: to be the same + notes: See Lesson 15 for more information + examples: + - ko: 저는 **같은** 바지가 있어요 + en: I have the **same** pants + - ko: 캐나다 사람들은 한국 사람들과 **같아요** + en: Canadian people are the **same** as Korean people + - ko: 이 학교는 우리 학교와 **같아요** + en: This school and our school are the **same** + - ko: 저 식당은 이 식당과 **같아요** + en: That restaurant is the **same** as this one + - ko: 우리 아빠는 저것을 싫어할 것 **같아요** + en: Dad will probably not like **that** + - ko: 선생님이 그 수업을 하지 않을 것 **같아요** + en: The teacher probably won't (teach) **that** lesson + + - ko: 안전하다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-31.mp3 + en: to be safe + examples: + - ko: 이 직업은 **안전해**서 좋아요 + en: This job is good because it is **safe** + - ko: 저는 거리를 **안전하게** 건넜어요 + en: I crossed the street **safely** + - ko: 우리 아버지는 차를 항상 **안전하게** 운전해요 + en: Our dad always drives his car **safely** + - ko: 주위가 **안전하지** 않아요 + en: This area/surrounding area isn't **safe** + - ko: 그 아파트가 경비 아저씨가 있지만 **안전하지** 않아요 + en: Even though that apartment (complex) has a security guard, it isn't **safe** + - ko: 사람들이 운전을 할 때 신호를 준수해야 **안전해요** + en: When people drive, only when they obey the traffic signals is it **safe** + + - ko: 딱딱하다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-32.mp3 + en: to be hard, to be rigid + examples: + - ko: 이 빵은 너무 **딱딱해요** + en: This bread is too **hard** + - ko: 다이아몬드는 **딱딱하다** + en: Diamonds are **hard** + - ko: 저는 반죽을 딱딱할 때까지 **저었어요** + en: I **stirred** the batter until it was hard + - ko: 바나나가 초록색일수록 **딱딱해요** + en: The greener bananas are, the **harder** they are + - ko: 저는 디스크가 있어서 **딱딱한** 바닥에서 자야 돼요 + en: I have a herniated disk, so I need to sleep on a **hard** floor + - ko: 너무 **딱딱한** 음식을 많이 먹으면 턱에 무리가 가서 좋지 않아요 + en: If you eat a lot of **hard** food, it puts too much stress on your chin so it is not good + + - ko: 부드럽다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-33.mp3 + en: to be soft + notes: 부드럽다 follows the ㅂ irregular + examples: + - ko: 그녀의 손은 **부드러워요** + en: Her hands are very **soft** + - ko: 그 여자의 피부가 너무 **부드러워요** + en: That girl's skin is very **smooth/soft** + - ko: 손이 **부드럽지** 않아서 로션을 발랐어요 + en: I put lotion on my hands because they weren't **soft** + - ko: 매우 **부드럽고도** 이상한 느낌이었다 + en: It had a very **soft**, but also a very strange feel + - ko: 이 베개를 저것과 비교하면 이 베개가 훨씬 **부드러워요** + en: If you compare this pillow with that one, this pillow is much **softer** + + - ko: 가능하다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-34.mp3 + en: to be possible + examples: + - ko: 그것이 **가능하다**고 생각해요? + en: Do you think that is **possible**? + - ko: 그것은 경제적으로 **가능하지** 않아요 + en: That isn't economically **possible** + - ko: 교환은 1주일 이내 **가능합니다** + en: Exchanges are **possible** within one week + - ko: 정부는 지진 **가능성** 때문에 적색 경보를 내렸어요 + en: The government issued a red alert because of the **possibility** of an earthquake + - ko: 북한 사람들이 북한에서 탈출할 때도 잡혀서 죽을 **가능성이** 있어요 + en: It is **possible** for North Korean people to be captured and killed even when they are trying to escape the country + + - ko: 불가능하다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-35.mp3 + en: to be impossible + examples: + - ko: 그것을 움직이는 것이 **불가능해요** + en: It is **impossible** to move that + + - ko: 예쁘다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson-11-vocab-36.mp3 + en: to be pretty + notes: 예쁘다 follows the ㅡ irregular + examples: + - ko: 그 여자가 너무 **예뻐요** + en: That girl is very **pretty** + - ko: 저의 여자 친구는 귀엽고 **예뻐요** + en: My girlfriend is cute and **pretty** + - ko: 그 여자의 구두가 **예뻐요** + en: That girl's boots are **pretty** + - ko: 여자 친구는 얼마나 **예뻐요**? + en: How **pretty** is your girlfriend? + - ko: 그 여자들은 **예뻐요** + en: Those girls are **pretty** + + adverbs: + - ko: 일찍 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-38.mp3 + en: early + notes: | +

일찍 is an adverb. The opposite of "early" is typically 늦다 which is an adjective. 늦게 can be used as the adverb to have the meaning of "late." For example: "우리는 일찍 도착했어요" = "We arrived early", "우리는 늦게 도착했어요" = "We arrived late (it would be awkward to say 'lately' in English)"

+ examples: + - ko: 우리는 내일 **일찍** 일어나야 돼요 + en: We need to wake up **early** tomorrow morning + - ko: 왜 이렇게 **일찍** 가요? + en: Why are you going so **early** (like this)? + - ko: 제가 **일찍** 가도 돼요? + en: May I go **early**? + - ko: 저는 아침에 **일찍** 일어났어요 + en: I woke up **early** in the morning + - ko: 그는 직장에서 **일찍** 퇴근했어요 + en: He left work **early** + - ko: 밖에 **일찍** 나가려고 숙제를 빨리 했어요 + en: I did my homework fast in order to go out **early** + + - ko: 매일 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-41.mp3 + en: everyday + examples: + - ko: 저는 **매일** 운동하겠습니다 + en: I will exercise **everyday** + - ko: 저는 **매일** 운동해요 + en: I exercise **everyday** + - ko: "**매일** 같은 운동을 하지 말고 많이 쉬세요" + en: Don't do the same exercise **every day**, and get lots of rest + - ko: 그 남자는 **매일** 까만색 옷을 입어요 + en: That man wears black clothes **everyday** + - ko: 저는 공휴일을 빼고 **매일** 일해요 + en: I work **every day** except for public holidays + - ko: 저의 엄마는 **매일** 운동해요 + en: My mother exercises **every day** +--- + # Lesson 7: Irregulars ## Vocabulary -The vocabulary is separated into nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs for the purpose of simplicity. - -A PDF file neatly presenting all of these words, example sentences and extra information can be found [here](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/buyingpdf/vocabulary-examples/). - -You can try to find all of the words from this lesson, and all of the words from every lesson in Unit 1 in a package of twenty five [Word Searches](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wordsearch/). + ### Nouns @@ -20,21 +706,22 @@ Common Usages: Examples: -- 그 사람의 **눈썹**은 짙어요 = That person’s **eyebrows** are thick -- 저도 그런 **눈썹**이 있었으면 좋겠어요 = I wish I had that type of **eyebrows**, too +- ⁠그 사람의 **눈썹**은 짙어요 = That person’s **eyebrows** are thick +- ⁠저도 그런 **눈썹**이 있었으면 좋겠어요 = I wish I had that type of **eyebrows**, too 교사 = teacher
-Notes: 교사 refers more to the position of a teacher. You would usually refer to a teacher by calling him/her “선생님.” However, if you wanted to tell somebody what your position was, you could use 교사 (선생님 would also work here as well). +Notes: + +교사 refers more to the position of a teacher. You would usually refer to a teacher by calling him/her “선생님.” However, if you wanted to tell somebody what your position was, you could use 교사 (선생님 would also work here as well). Examples: -- 저는 영어**교사**예요 = I am an English **teacher** -- 대학교 때 자유롭게 공부하고 싶으면 지도**교사**가 전공을 나중에 선택하라고 말했어요 - - If you want to study freely in university, my **guidance** **counselor** told me to choose my major later +- ⁠저는 영어**교사**예요 = I am an English **teacher** +- ⁠대학교 때 자유롭게 공부하고 싶으면 지도**교사**가 전공을 나중에 선택하라고 말했어요 = If you want to study freely in university, my **guidance** **counselor** told me to choose my major later
@@ -50,8 +737,8 @@ Common Usages: Examples: -- 몇 **반**이에요? = What **class** are you in? -- 그 여자는 우리 **반**에서 제일 못생긴 여자예요 = That girl is the ugliest in our **class** +- ⁠몇 **반**이에요? = What **class** are you in? +- ⁠그 여자는 우리 **반**에서 제일 못생긴 여자예요 = That girl is the ugliest in our **class** @@ -59,15 +746,17 @@ Examples:
-Notes: In English, we say “work” to refer to _what_ is being done and _where_ it is being done. For example “I am doing work at work.” 직장 refers to the location in which you work. +Notes: + +In English, we say “work” to refer to _what_ is being done and _where_ it is being done. For example “I am doing work at work.” 직장 refers to the location in which you work. Examples: -- 그는 **직장**에서 일찍 퇴근했어요 = He left **work** early -- **직장**에서 더 멀리 이사하게 되었어요 = I ended up moving farther away from work -- 학업을 진행하면서 **직장**도 다녀요 = As I progress/continue my studies, I also go to work -- 저는 일반적으로 그 사람을 **직장**에서 보지 못해요 = I generally don’t see that person at work -- 자신감에 찬 표정으로 새로운 **직장**에 들어갔어요 = He went into a new **workplace** with a face full of confidence +- ⁠그는 **직장**에서 일찍 퇴근했어요 = He left **work** early +- ⁠**직장**에서 더 멀리 이사하게 되었어요 = I ended up moving farther away from **work** +- ⁠학업을 진행하면서 **직장**도 다녀요 = As I progress/continue my studies, I also go to **work** +- ⁠저는 일반적으로 그 사람을 **직장**에서 보지 못해요 = I generally don’t see that person at **work** +- ⁠자신감에 찬 표정으로 새로운 **직장**에 들어갔어요 = He went into a new **workplace** with a face full of confidence
@@ -83,13 +772,11 @@ Common Usages: Examples: -- 저는 사진을 **벽**에 걸었어요 = I hung a picture on a wall -- 그림은 **벽**에 걸려 있어요 = The picture is hanging on the **wall** -- **벽**에 붙어 있는 광고를 봤어요? = Did you see the advertisement that is attached to the **wall**? -- 노동자들이 무너질 것 같은 **벽**을 안정시켰어요 - - The workers stabilized the **wall** that was probably going to collapse -- 사람들이 모두 볼 수 있게 안내문을 **벽**에 붙였다 - - (I) posted (attached) an information sign on the **wall** so that all the people (can) see it +- ⁠저는 사진을 **벽**에 걸었어요 = I hung a picture on a **wall** +- ⁠그림은 **벽**에 걸려 있어요 = The picture is hanging on the **wall** +- ⁠**벽**에 붙어 있는 광고를 봤어요? = Did you see the advertisement that is attached to the **wall**? +- ⁠노동자들이 무너질 것 같은 **벽**을 안정시켰어요 = The workers stabilized the **wall** that was probably going to collapse +- ⁠사람들이 모두 볼 수 있게 안내문을 **벽**에 붙였다 = (I) posted (attached) an information sign on the **wall** so that all the people (can) see it @@ -103,16 +790,16 @@ Common Usages: - 깃털 = feathers - 솜털 = soft, fine hair (“peach fuzz”) -Notes: In English, we say “hair” for all of the hair on our body. However, in Korean, 털 is used to refer to any hair that is not on your head. It is also used to refer to the fur of an animal. +Notes: + +In English, we say “hair” for all of the hair on our body. However, in Korean, 털 is used to refer to any hair that is not on your head. It is also used to refer to the fur of an animal. Examples: -- 저는 팔에 **털**이 많아요 = I have a lot of **hair** on my arms -- 한국사람들이 가슴에 **털**이 없어요 = Korean people don’t have **hair** on their chest -- 내일 해변에 갈 거라서 겨드랑이 **털**을 면도할 수밖에 없어요 - - I am going to the beach tomorrow, so I have no choice but to shave my **armpit hair** -- 기린의 **털** 때문에 기린이 노란색 옷을 입은 것 같이 보였다. 나는 기린이 목이 길어서 무서울 줄 알았는데 오히려 귀여웠다. - - Because of their **fur**, it looked like the giraffes were wearing yellow clothes. Giraffes have long necks, therefore I thought they would be scary, rather, they were cute. +- ⁠저는 팔에 **털**이 많아요 = I have a lot of **hair** on my arms +- ⁠한국사람들이 가슴에 **털**이 없어요 = Korean people don’t have **hair** on their chest +- ⁠내일 해변에 갈 거라서 겨드랑이 **털**을 면도할 수밖에 없어요 = I am going to the beach tomorrow, so I have no choice but to shave my **armpit hair** +- ⁠기린의 **털** 때문에 기린이 노란색 옷을 입은 것 같이 보였다. 나는 기린이 목이 길어서 무서울 줄 알았는데 오히려 귀여웠다. = Because of their **fur**, it looked like the giraffes were wearing yellow clothes. Giraffes have long necks, therefore I thought they would be scary, rather, they were cute. @@ -122,8 +809,8 @@ Examples: Examples: -- 그 여자의 **머리카락**은 길어요 = That girl’s **hair** is long -- 저의 **머리카락**을 꼬지 말아 달라고 했어요 = I told her to please stop twisting my **hair** +- ⁠그 여자의 **머리카락**은 길어요 = That girl’s **hair** is long +- ⁠저의 **머리카락**을 꼬지 말아 달라고 했어요 = I told her to please stop twisting my **hair** @@ -137,11 +824,11 @@ The word “저녁” can refer to the evening time, or the meal that is eaten a Examples: -- **저녁**으로 뭐 먹었어요? = What did you eat for **dinner**? -- 엄마가 온 후에 저는 **저녁식사**를 먹을 거예요 = After mom comes home, I will eat dinner -- 요리사들은 **저녁**을 부엌에서 준비했어요 = The chefs prepared the **dinner** in the kitchen -- 저는 **저녁**에 공부했어요 = I studied in the evening -- 저는 일요일에 **저녁**을 안 먹었어요 = I didn’t eat **dinner** on Sunday +- ⁠**저녁**으로 뭐 먹었어요? = What did you eat for **dinner**? +- ⁠엄마가 온 후에 저는 **저녁식사**를 먹을 거예요 = After mom comes home, I will eat **dinner** +- ⁠요리사들은 **저녁**을 부엌에서 준비했어요 = The chefs prepared the **dinner** in the kitchen +- ⁠저는 **저녁**에 공부했어요 = I studied in the **evening** +- ⁠저는 일요일에 **저녁**을 안 먹었어요 = I didn’t eat **dinner** on Sunday @@ -155,11 +842,11 @@ The word “점심” can refer to the time around noon, or the meal that is eat Examples: -- **점심**으로 뭐 먹고 싶어요? = What do you want to eat for **lunch**? -- 저는 보통 **점심식사**로 과일만 먹어요 = I usually only eat fruit for lunch -- **점심**은 어땠어요? = How was **lunch**? -- **점심**을 먹었어? = Did you eat **lunch**? -- 오빠는 바닥에 앉아서 **점심**을 먹었어요 = My brother ate **lunch** sitting on the floor +- ⁠**점심**으로 뭐 먹고 싶어요? = What do you want to eat for **lunch**? +- ⁠저는 보통 **점심식사**로 과일만 먹어요 = I usually only eat fruit for **lunch** +- ⁠**점심**은 어땠어요? = How was **lunch**? +- ⁠**점심**을 먹었어? = Did you eat **lunch**? +- ⁠오빠는 바닥에 앉아서 **점심**을 먹었어요 = My brother ate **lunch** sitting on the floor @@ -176,16 +863,18 @@ Common Usages: - 비옷 = rain clothes - 겉옷 = some kind of outer clothing -Notes: One way and one form of telling somebody to put on clothes is to say “옷 입어.” This sounds like “온 이버” +Notes: + +One way and one form of telling somebody to put on clothes is to say “옷 입어.” This sounds like “온 이버” Examples: -- 저는 저의 **옷**을 벗었어요 = I took off my clothes -- 저는 자주 **옷**을 충동적으로 사요 = I often buy **clothes** impulsively -- 저는 따뜻한 **옷**을 입고 싶어요 = I want to wear (put on) warm **clothes** -- **옷**을 갈아입으러 탈의실에 갔어요 = He went to the change-room to change his clothes -- 여행할 때 **옷**을 많이 챙길 필요가 없어요 = I/you don’t need to pack a lot of **clothes** when you travel -- 우리가 똑같은 **옷**을 입고 있어요 = We are wearing exactly the same **clothes** +- ⁠저는 저의 **옷**을 벗었어요 = I took off my **clothes** +- ⁠저는 자주 **옷**을 충동적으로 사요 = I often buy **clothes** impulsively +- ⁠저는 따뜻한 **옷**을 입고 싶어요 = I want to wear (put on) warm **clothes** +- ⁠**옷**을 갈아입으러 탈의실에 갔어요 = He went to the change-room to change his **clothes** +- ⁠여행할 때 **옷**을 많이 챙길 필요가 없어요 = I/you don’t need to pack a lot of **clothes** when you travel +- ⁠우리가 똑같은 **옷**을 입고 있어요 = We are wearing exactly the same **clothes** @@ -199,9 +888,9 @@ This generally refers to any time before noon, but to refer to specifically refe Examples: -- 저는 내일 **오전**에 교회에 가야 돼요 = I have to go to church tomorrow in the morning -- 우리 영업시간은 **오전** 8시부터 오후 5시까지입니다 = Our business hours are from 8 **am** to 5 pm -- 오늘 일대일 면접이 오후에 있어서 **오전** 내내 면접 준비를 해야 해요 = Today I have a one on one interview in the afternoon, so all **morning** I need to prepare for it +- ⁠저는 내일 **오전**에 교회에 가야 돼요 = I have to go to church tomorrow in the **morning** +- ⁠우리 영업시간은 **오전** 8시부터 오후 5시까지입니다 = Our business hours are from 8 **am** to 5 pm +- ⁠오늘 일대일 면접이 오후에 있어서 **오전** 내내 면접 준비를 해야 해요 = Today I have a one on one interview in the afternoon, so all **morning** I need to prepare for it @@ -209,16 +898,18 @@ Examples:
-Notes: To refer to a time later than 5:00 or so “밤” or “저녁” would more commonly be used +Notes: + +To refer to a time later than 5:00 or so “밤” or “저녁” would more commonly be used Examples: -- **오후**에 뭐 할 거예요? = What are you doing in the **afternoon**? -- 저는 오늘 **오후**에 낮잠을 잤어요 = I took a nap in the **afternoon** today -- **오후**에 비가 올지 모르겠어요 = It might rain in the **afternoon** tomorrow -- **오후**가 되면 햇살이 강해져요 = In the **afternoon**, the sun gets stronger -- 우리 부장님께서 오늘 **오후**에 출발할 예정이십니다 = Our boss is scheduled to depart this afternoon -- 이 의견에 동의하지 않는 사람은 제 사무실로 **오후**에 찾아오세요 = People who don’t agree with this opinion, please come and see (“find”) me in my office this **afternoon** +- ⁠**오후**에 뭐 할 거예요? = What are you doing in the **afternoon**? +- ⁠저는 오늘 **오후**에 낮잠을 잤어요 = I took a nap in the **afternoon** today +- ⁠**오후**에 비가 올지 모르겠어요 = It might rain in the **afternoon** tomorrow +- ⁠**오후**가 되면 햇살이 강해져요 = In the **afternoon**, the sun gets stronger +- ⁠우리 부장님께서 오늘 **오후**에 출발할 예정이십니다 = Our boss is scheduled to depart this **afternoon** +- ⁠이 의견에 동의하지 않는 사람은 제 사무실로 **오후**에 찾아오세요 = People who don’t agree with this opinion, please come and see (“find”) me in my office this **afternoon**
@@ -230,19 +921,19 @@ Common Usages: - 여름 방학 = summer vacation -Notes: For more information, words and sentences about seasons check out our [Weather Theme Lesson](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/theme/weather/). +Notes: + +For more information, words and sentences about seasons check out our [Weather Theme Lesson](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/theme/weather/). Examples: -- 이번 **여름**은 너무 더워요 = This **summer** is too hot -- **여름**에 저는 공부하겠어요 = I will study in the summer -- 논문을 **여름**까지 끝낼 수 없을까 봐 걱정돼요 = I’m worried that I won’t finish my thesis by summer -- 놀이동산에 **여름**에는 사람이 많아요 = There are many people at the amusement park in the summer -- 매년 **여름**, 이 지역에는 홍수가 나요 = A flood occurs every **summer** in this area -- 한국에서는 겨울 방학이 **여름** 방학보다 더 길어요 - - In Korea, winter vacation is longer than **summer** vacation -- 제가 **여름**을 제일 좋아하는 이유는 긴 휴가가 있기 때문이에요 - - The reason I like **summer** the most is because there is a long holiday +- ⁠이번 **여름**은 너무 더워요 = This **summer** is too hot +- ⁠**여름**에 저는 공부하겠어요 = I will study in the **summer** +- ⁠논문을 **여름**까지 끝낼 수 없을까 봐 걱정돼요 = I’m worried that I won’t finish my thesis by **summer** +- ⁠놀이동산에 **여름**에는 사람이 많아요 = There are many people at the amusement park in the **summer** +- ⁠매년 **여름**, 이 지역에는 홍수가 나요 = A flood occurs every **summer** in this area +- ⁠한국에서는 겨울 방학이 **여름** 방학보다 더 길어요 = In Korea, winter vacation is longer than **summer** vacation +- ⁠제가 **여름**을 제일 좋아하는 이유는 긴 휴가가 있기 때문이에요 = The reason I like **summer** the most is because there is a long holiday @@ -252,10 +943,10 @@ Examples: Example: -- **가을**이 시원해서 좋아요 = **Fall** is nice because it is cool -- **가을**에 잎의 색깔은 변해요 = The color of the leaves changes in the **fall** -- **가을**에는 낙엽이 많이 떨어져요 = In the **fall**, a lot of leaves fall to the ground -- **가을**에는 단풍놀이를 가는 많은 사람들을 볼 수 있어요 = In the **fall**, you can see many people who go out to see the autumn colors +- ⁠**가을**이 시원해서 좋아요 = **Fall** is nice because it is cool +- ⁠**가을**에 잎의 색깔은 변해요 = The color of the leaves changes in the **fall** +- ⁠**가을**에는 낙엽이 많이 떨어져요 = In the **fall**, a lot of leaves fall to the ground +- ⁠**가을**에는 단풍놀이를 가는 많은 사람들을 볼 수 있어요 = In the **fall**, you can see many people who go out to see the autumn colors @@ -270,12 +961,10 @@ Common Usages: Example: -- 너무 추워서 저는 **겨울**이 싫어요 = I don’t like **winter** because it is too cold -- 캐나다는 **겨울**이 추운 나라예요 = Canada is a country of/with cold winters -- **겨울**에 한국 사람들이 문을 왜 안 닫는지 이해가 안 돼요 - - I don’t understand why Korean people don’t close the door in the **winter** -- 피부가 너무 약해서 **겨울**에도 로션을 발라야 돼요 - - I even need to out on lotion in the **winter** because my skin is weak +- ⁠너무 추워서 저는 **겨울**이 싫어요 = I don’t like **winter** because it is too cold +- ⁠캐나다는 **겨울**이 추운 나라예요 = Canada is a country of/with cold **winters** +- ⁠**겨울**에 한국 사람들이 문을 왜 안 닫는지 이해가 안 돼요 = I don’t understand why Korean people don’t close the door in the **winter** +- ⁠피부가 너무 약해서 **겨울**에도 로션을 발라야 돼요 = I even need to out on lotion in the **winter** because my skin is weak @@ -285,9 +974,9 @@ Example: Example: -- 나무는 **봄**에 예뻐요 = The trees are pretty in spring -- 한국에는 황사가 중국에서 **봄**마다 와요 = Yellow dust comes to Korea every **spring** from China -- **봄**에는 꽃가루 알레르기를 조심해 야 해요 = You need to be careful about pollen allergies in the **spring** +- ⁠나무는 **봄**에 예뻐요 = The trees are pretty in **spring** +- ⁠한국에는 황사가 중국에서 **봄**마다 와요 = Yellow dust comes to Korea every **spring** from China +- ⁠**봄**에는 꽃가루 알레르기를 조심해 야 해요 = You need to be careful about pollen allergies in the **spring** @@ -297,14 +986,16 @@ Example:
-Notes: In English, the words “looking for/searching” and “find” have a similar meaning but are used differently. We use “find” _after_ something is found. However, before something is found we use “look for/search.” In Korean, the 찾다 is used for both of these usages. This confusion often leads Korean people to incorrectly say things like “I am finding my brother.” +Notes: + +In English, the words “looking for/searching” and “find” have a similar meaning but are used differently. We use “find” _after_ something is found. However, before something is found we use “look for/search.” In Korean, the 찾다 is used for both of these usages. This confusion often leads Korean people to incorrectly say things like “I am finding my brother.” Examples: -- 저는 저의 지갑을 **찾**고 있어요 = I am **looking** for my wallet -- 누군가(는) 너를 **찾**고 있어 = Somebody is **looking** for you -- 저는 그 사실을 백과사전에 **찾았어요** = I **looked** up that fact in an encyclopedia -- 우리 회사는 새로운 회사원을 **찾**고 있어요 = Our company is **looking** for new workers +- ⁠저는 저의 지갑을 **찾**고 있어요 = I am **looking** for my wallet +- ⁠누군가(는) 너를 **찾**고 있어 = Somebody is **looking** for you +- ⁠저는 그 사실을 백과사전에 **찾았어요** = I **looked** up that fact in an encyclopedia +- ⁠우리 회사는 새로운 회사원을 **찾**고 있어요 = Our company is **looking** for new workers
@@ -319,13 +1010,13 @@ Common Usages: Examples: -- 저는 고등학교에서 10년 동안 영어를 **가르쳤어요** = I **taught** English at a high school for 10 years -- 저는 학생들한테 한국어를 **가르쳤어요** = I **taught** Korean to the students -- 어제 학생들한테 뭐 **가르쳤어요**? = What did you **teach** the students yesterday? -- 저는 선생님이 그것을 언제 **가르쳤는**지 기억 안 나요 = I don’t remember when the teacher **taught** that -- 선생님은 우리를 너무 잘 **가르치셨어** = Our teacher **taught** us really well -- 이것을 **가르쳐** 줘서 감사합니다 = Thanks for **teaching** that to me -- 그 선생님은 한국어를 저에게 **가르쳐** 줬어요 = That teacher **taught** me Korean +- ⁠저는 고등학교에서 10년 동안 영어를 **가르쳤어요** = I **taught** English at a high school for 10 years +- ⁠저는 학생들한테 한국어를 **가르쳤어요** = I **taught** Korean to the students +- ⁠어제 학생들한테 뭐 **가르쳤어요**? = What did you **teach** the students yesterday? +- ⁠저는 선생님이 그것을 언제 **가르쳤는**지 기억 안 나요 = I don’t remember when the teacher **taught** that +- ⁠선생님은 우리를 너무 잘 **가르치셨어** = Our teacher **taught** us really well +- ⁠이것을 **가르쳐** 줘서 감사합니다 = Thanks for **teaching** that to me +- ⁠그 선생님은 한국어를 저에게 **가르쳐** 줬어요 = That teacher **taught** me Korean @@ -337,17 +1028,17 @@ Notes: The noun form of 일하다 (일) literally means “work” (as in, something you need to do). However, it is often used to refer to a task or anything that needs to be done. For example: -저는 내일 할 일이 있어요 = I have something I need to do tomorrow +- ⁠저는 내일 할 **일**이 있어요 = I have **something I need to do** tomorrow Examples: -- 저는 그 회사에서 **일해요** = I **work** at/for that company -- 저는 지난 월요일에 **일했어요** = I **worked** last Monday -- 저는 2주 동안 열심히 **일했어요** = I worked hard for 2 weeks -- 저는 그 회사에서 5월까지 **일할** **거예요** = I will **work** at that company until May -- 저는 회사를 위해 열심히 **일할** **거예요** = I will **work** hard for the company -- 아버지는 지금 **일하**고 있어요 = Dad is **working** now -- 그 사람은 10년 동안 열심히 **일하**고 부자가 되었어요 = That person **worked** hard for 10 years and then became a rich person +- ⁠저는 그 회사에서 **일해요** = I **work** at/for that company +- ⁠저는 지난 월요일에 **일했어요** = I **worked** last Monday +- ⁠저는 2주 동안 열심히 **일했어요** = I **worked** hard for 2 weeks +- ⁠저는 그 회사에서 5월까지 **일할** **거예요** = I will **work** at that company until May +- ⁠저는 회사를 위해 열심히 **일할** **거예요** = I will **work** hard for the company +- ⁠아버지는 지금 **일하**고 있어요 = Dad is **working** now +- ⁠그 사람은 10년 동안 열심히 **일하**고 부자가 되었어요 = That person **worked** hard for 10 years and then became a rich person @@ -363,14 +1054,12 @@ Common Usages: Examples: -- 그 집을 언제 **지었어요** ? = When did you **build** that house? -- 저는 집을 **지었어요** = I **built** a house -- 저는 우리 집을 나무로 **지었어요** = I **built** our house out of wood -- 새로 **지어진** 건물이 멋있어요 = The newly **built** building is really cool/stylish -- 이 건물은 유명한 건축가의 건축설계도에 기초해서 **지어졌어요** - - This building was **built** based on the blueprints of a famous architect -- 새로 **지어진** 공원에 운동 시설이 매우 좋아서 많은 사람들이 거기에서 운동을 해요 - - The newly **built** park has very good exercise facilities so many people exercise there +- ⁠그 집을 언제 **지었어요** ? = When did you **build** that house? +- ⁠저는 집을 **지었어요** = I **built** a house +- ⁠저는 우리 집을 나무로 **지었어요** = I **built** our house out of wood +- ⁠새로 **지어진** 건물이 멋있어요 = The newly **built** building is really cool/stylish +- ⁠이 건물은 유명한 건축가의 건축설계도에 기초해서 **지어졌어요** = This building was **built** based on the blueprints of a famous architect +- ⁠새로 **지어진** 공원에 운동 시설이 매우 좋아서 많은 사람들이 거기에서 운동을 해요 = The newly **built** park has very good exercise facilities so many people exercise there @@ -390,13 +1079,12 @@ However, you can attach ~을/을 to that object if you use ~가지고 있다. Examples: -- 저는 펜을 **가지**고 있어요 = I **have** a pen -- 저는 지금 돈을 **가지**고 있어요 = I **have** money now -- 그 여자는 자연스러운 머리를 **가지**고 있어요 = That **girl** has natural hair -- 그는 항상 사진기를 **가지**고 다녀요 = He always **carries** his camera with him (while walking around) -- 열쇠를 **가지**고 나왔어요? = Did you **bring** your keys (did you come out while possessing your keys?) -- 작은 입으로 큰 생선을 먹을 수 있다는 게 너무 신기했다. 나는 펭귄에게 먹이를 주기 위해 천천히 다가갔다. 펭귄들은 내가 먹이를 **가지고** 있자 내 주위로 다가왔다. - - I was really amazed they could eat a big fish with their little mouth. I approached the penguins slowly with food, and as soon as I **had** food, the penguins drew close around me. +- ⁠저는 펜을 **가지**고 있어요 = I **have** a pen +- ⁠저는 지금 돈을 **가지**고 있어요 = I **have** money now +- ⁠그 여자는 자연스러운 머리를 **가지**고 있어요 = That **girl** has natural hair +- ⁠그는 항상 사진기를 **가지**고 다녀요 = He always **carries** his camera with him (while walking around) +- ⁠열쇠를 **가지**고 나왔어요? = Did you **bring** your keys (did you come out while possessing your keys?) +- ⁠작은 입으로 큰 생선을 먹을 수 있다는 게 너무 신기했다. 나는 펭귄에게 먹이를 주기 위해 천천히 다가갔다. 펭귄들은 내가 먹이를 **가지고** 있자 내 주위로 다가왔다. = I was really amazed they could eat a big fish with their little mouth. I approached the penguins slowly with food, and as soon as I **had** food, the penguins drew close around me. @@ -412,10 +1100,10 @@ Common Usages: Example: -- 저는 문을 **잠갔어요** = I **locked** the door -- 아버지는 창문을 **잠갔어요** = Dad **locked** the window -- 문을 **잠가야** 되었는데 깜박했어요! = I was supposed to **lock** the door, but I forgot! -- 수압이 너무 세서 수도꼭지를 **잠가** 놓으세요 = The water pressure is too strong, so **turned off** (“lock”) the faucet +- ⁠저는 문을 **잠갔어요** = I **locked** the door +- ⁠아버지는 창문을 **잠갔어요** = Dad **locked** the window +- ⁠문을 **잠가야** 되었는데 깜박했어요! = I was supposed to **lock** the door, but I forgot! +- ⁠수압이 너무 세서 수도꼭지를 **잠가** 놓으세요 = The water pressure is too strong, so **turned off (“lock”)** the faucet @@ -431,16 +1119,13 @@ Notes: ~아/어버리다 is added to some verbs to express the emotion that some Examples: -- 저를 **잊**지 마세요! = Don’t **forget** me! -- 저는 아빠의 죽음을 **잊**지 않았어요 = I didn’t **forget** the death of my father -- 열쇠를 어디 둔지 **잊**어버렸어요 = I **forget** where I put my keys -- 저는 사막에서 살았을 때를 잊어버리고 싶어요 = I want to **forget** the time I lived in the desert -- 바쁘게 살다 보면 가끔 중요한 일을 **잊어버려요** - - If you (continue to) live a busy life, sometimes you will **forget** important things/tasks/jobs -- 미술대회에 참가하는 신입생들은 **잊지** 말고 꼭 10시까지 모여주세요 - - Freshmen participating in the art competition, don’t **forget**, and be sure to gather by 10 o’clock -- 우리 오빠는 나에게 **잊지** 말고 영국에서 유명한 기념품을 사서 한국에 보내 달라고 했다 - - My brother told me not to **forget** to buy some famous souvenirs in England and send them to Korea +- ⁠저를 **잊**지 마세요! = Don’t **forget** me! +- ⁠저는 아빠의 죽음을 **잊**지 않았어요 = I didn’t **forget** the death of my father +- ⁠열쇠를 어디 둔지 **잊**어버렸어요 = I **forget** where I put my keys +- ⁠저는 사막에서 살았을 때를 **잊**어버리고 싶어요 = I want to **forget** the time I lived in the desert +- ⁠바쁘게 살다 보면 가끔 중요한 일을 **잊어버려요** = If you (continue to) live a busy life, sometimes you will **forget** important things/tasks/jobs +- ⁠미술대회에 참가하는 신입생들은 **잊지** 말고 꼭 10시까지 모여주세요 = Freshmen participating in the art competition, don’t **forget**, and be sure to gather by 10 o’clock +- ⁠우리 오빠는 나에게 **잊지** 말고 영국에서 유명한 기념품을 사서 한국에 보내 달라고 했다 = My brother told me not to **forget** to buy some famous souvenirs in England and send them to Korea @@ -454,18 +1139,17 @@ Common usages: - 도와주다 = to give help -Notes: ~아/어주다 is commonly added to this word, because usually when one helps somebody, it is a form of “giving” +Notes: + +~아/어주다 is commonly added to this word, because usually when one helps somebody, it is a form of “giving” Examples: -- **도와**주세요! = **help** me please! -- 제가 선생님이 아니라 학생을 도와주는 사람이에요 = I am not a teacher, I’m a student helper -- 곤경에 처한 사람을 **도와주느라고** 제시간에 학교에 가지 못했다 - - I wasn’t able to go to school on time because I was **helping** a person going through some trouble -- 과학을 배우는 것은 중요해, 왜냐하면 내가 살고 있는 곳을 더욱 잘 이해할 수 있게 **도와주기** 때문이야 - - It is important to learn science, because it **helps** me understand the place/environment that I live (in) better -- 나는 엄마를 **도와** 정리를 했다. 거실을 깨끗하게 정리하고 엄마한테 진심으로 감사하다는 말을 전했다 - - I **helped** mom clean-up/organize. We organized the living room (cleanly), and thanked mom from the bottom of our hearts +- ⁠**도와**주세요! = **help** me please! +- ⁠제가 선생님이 아니라 학생을 **도와**주는 사람이에요 = I am not a teacher, I’m a student **helper** +- ⁠곤경에 처한 사람을 **도와주느라고** 제시간에 학교에 가지 못했다 = I wasn’t able to go to school on time because I was **helping** a person going through some trouble +- ⁠과학을 배우는 것은 중요해, 왜냐하면 내가 살고 있는 곳을 더욱 잘 이해할 수 있게 **도와주기** 때문이야 = It is important to learn science, because it **helps** me understand the place/environment that I live (in) better +- ⁠나는 엄마를 **도와** 정리를 했다. 거실을 깨끗하게 정리하고 엄마한테 진심으로 감사하다는 말을 전했다 = I **helped** mom clean-up/organize. We organized the living room (cleanly), and thanked mom from the bottom of our hearts @@ -487,12 +1171,12 @@ See [Lesson 41](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-2-lower-intermediate-korea Examples: -- 그 그릇을 **주**세요 = **Give** me that bowl, please -- 밥을 사 **주**세요 = Buy me food, please -- 어머님은 너에게 돈을 **줬어**? = Did your mother **give** you money? -- 저는 저의 친구에게 돈을 **줬어요** = I **gave** my friend money -- 아빠는 나에게 음식을 **줬어** = Dad **gave** me food -- 그 선생님은 한국어를 저에게 가르쳐 **줬어요** = That teacher taught me Korean +- ⁠그 그릇을 **주**세요 = **Give** me that bowl, please +- ⁠밥을 사 **주**세요 = Buy me food, please +- ⁠어머님은 너에게 돈을 **줬어**? = Did your mother **give** you money? +- ⁠저는 저의 친구에게 돈을 **줬어요** = I **gave** my friend money +- ⁠아빠는 나에게 음식을 **줬어** = Dad **gave** me food +- ⁠그 선생님은 한국어를 저에게 가르쳐 **줬어요** = That teacher taught me Korean @@ -508,10 +1192,10 @@ Notes: In every way, 맞다looks, feels and sounds like an adjective. However, i Example: -- 선생님! 이 거 **맞아요**? = Teacher! Is this **correct**? -- 고객님들은 항상 **맞아요** = The customer is (customers are) always **right** -- 이 자세 **맞아요**? = Is this posture **right/correct**? -- 그 학설은 **맞을** 리가 없어요 = That theory cannot be **right** +- ⁠선생님! 이 거 **맞아요**? = Teacher! Is this **correct**? +- ⁠고객님들은 항상 **맞아요** = The customer is (customers are) always **right** +- ⁠이 자세 **맞아요**? = Is this posture **right/correct**? +- ⁠그 학설은 **맞을** 리가 없어요 = That theory cannot be **right** @@ -525,9 +1209,9 @@ Example: Examples: -- 그 일은 너무 **쉬웠어요** = that task was very **easy** -- 저는 **쉬운** 일을 했어요 = I did **easy** work -- 누구나 그 **쉬운** 일을 잘 해요 = Anybody can do that **easy** job well +- ⁠그 일은 너무 **쉬웠어요** = that task was very **easy** +- ⁠저는 **쉬운** 일을 했어요 = I did **easy** work +- ⁠누구나 그 **쉬운** 일을 잘 해요 = Anybody can do that **easy** job well @@ -535,7 +1219,7 @@ Examples:
-덥다follows this ㅂ irregular +덥다 follows this ㅂ irregular Common Usages: @@ -545,11 +1229,11 @@ Notes: 덥다 is only used to talk about the weather or one’s body, not the te Examples: -- 오늘 날씨가 너무 **더워요** = Today the weather is too **hot** -- 오늘은 어제보다 더 **더워** = Today is **hot**ter than yesterday -- 너무 **더워서** 창문을 열었어요 = I opened a window because it is too **hot** -- 날씨가 춥다가 갑자기 **더워졌어요** = The weather was cold, and then suddenly became **hot** -- 오늘 날씨가 너무 **더워** 가지고 약속을 취소했어요 = Because the weather is so **hot** today, I cancelled my plans +- ⁠오늘 날씨가 너무 **더워요** = Today the weather is too **hot** +- ⁠오늘은 어제보다 더 **더워** = Today is **hot**ter than yesterday +- ⁠너무 **더워서** 창문을 열었어요 = I opened a window because it is too **hot** +- ⁠날씨가 춥다가 갑자기 **더워졌어요** = The weather was cold, and then suddenly became **hot** +- ⁠오늘 날씨가 너무 **더워** 가지고 약속을 취소했어요 = Because the weather is so **hot** today, I cancelled my plans
@@ -559,16 +1243,17 @@ Examples: 그립다 follows this ㅂ irregular -Notes: “보고 싶다” can is used when one misses a person. +Notes: + +“보고 싶다” can is used when one misses a person. In English “to miss” is a verb. 그립다 is an adjective in Korean that describes the feeling that is felt when one misses something. It is more commonly used when one misses a non-person. As an adjective, it must get treated as one. Therefore, in order to say that one misses something, it is commonly used in the Subject – Object – Adjective form that is taught in Lesson 15. Examples: -- 저는 우리 학교가 **그리워요** = I **miss** our school -- 저는 한국 음식이 **그리워요** = I **miss** Korean food -- 저는 결혼한 게 좋지만 한편으로 결혼 전 생활도 **그리워요** - - I like being married, but, on the other hand, I also **miss** my life before I got married +- ⁠저는 우리 학교가 **그리워요** = I **miss** our school +- ⁠저는 한국 음식이 **그리워요** = I **miss** Korean food +- ⁠저는 결혼한 게 좋지만 한편으로 결혼 전 생활도 **그리워요** = I like being married, but, on the other hand, I also **miss** my life before I got married @@ -576,7 +1261,7 @@ Examples:
-귀엽다follows this ㅂ irregular +귀엽다 follows this ㅂ irregular Common Usages: @@ -584,18 +1269,14 @@ Common Usages: Examples: -- 저의 여자 친구는 너무 **귀여워요** = My girlfriend is very **cute** -- 그 여자는 **귀여워요** = That girl is **cute** -- 저는 **귀여운** 여자를 좋아해요 = I like **cute** girls -- 그 강아지의 꼬리는 아주 **귀여워요** = That puppy’s tail is very **cute** -- 동생이 너무 **귀여워서** 가끔씩 동생의 볼을 꼬집어요 - - My younger sibling is so **cute** that sometimes I pinch his/her cheeks -- 슬기의 볼이 통통하고 **귀여워서** 매일 뽀뽀해주고 싶어요 - - Seulgi’s cheeks are very chubby and **cute**, so I want kiss them everyday -- 길을 걷다가 시선이 느껴져서 쳐다보니 **귀여운** 남자가 저를 보며 서 있었어요 - - I was walking down the street and I felt somebody looking at me, so I looked and saw a **cute** man standing there looking at me -- 기린의 털 때문에 기린이 노란색 옷을 입은 것 같이 보였다. 나는 기린이 목이 길어서 무서울 줄 알았는데 오히려 **귀여웠다**. - - Because of their fur, it looked like the giraffes were wearing yellow clothes. Giraffes have long necks, therefore I thought they would be scary, rather, they were **cute**. +- ⁠저의 여자 친구는 너무 **귀여워요** = My girlfriend is very **cute** +- ⁠그 여자는 **귀여워요** = That girl is **cute** +- ⁠저는 **귀여운** 여자를 좋아해요 = I like **cute** girls +- ⁠그 강아지의 꼬리는 아주 **귀여워요** = That puppy’s tail is very **cute** +- ⁠동생이 너무 **귀여워서** 가끔씩 동생의 볼을 꼬집어요 = My younger sibling is so **cute** that sometimes I pinch his/her cheeks +- ⁠슬기의 볼이 통통하고 **귀여워서** 매일 뽀뽀해주고 싶어요 = Seulgi’s cheeks are very chubby and **cute**, so I want kiss them everyday +- ⁠길을 걷다가 시선이 느껴져서 쳐다보니 **귀여운** 남자가 저를 보며 서 있었어요 = I was walking down the street and I felt somebody looking at me, so I looked and saw a **cute** man standing there looking at me +- ⁠기린의 털 때문에 기린이 노란색 옷을 입은 것 같이 보였다. 나는 기린이 목이 길어서 무서울 줄 알았는데 오히려 **귀여웠다**. = Because of their fur, it looked like the giraffes were wearing yellow clothes. Giraffes have long necks, therefore I thought they would be scary, rather, they were **cute**.
@@ -615,12 +1296,12 @@ Notes: Examples: -- 캐나다는 겨울이 **추운** 나라예요 = Canada is a **cold** country in the winter -- 날씨는 주말에 **추워졌어요** = The weather **got** **cold** over the weekend -- 너무 **추워**서 저는 겨울이 싫어요 = I don’t like winter because it is too **cold** -- 현재 날씨는 평소보다 조금 **추워요** = The present/recent weather is **colder** than normal -- 요즘에 날씨가 점점 **추워**져요 = Lately, the weather is getting gradually **colder** -- 날씨가 **추워**서 따뜻한 옷을 입었어요 = The weather is **cold,** so I put on warm clothes +- ⁠캐나다는 겨울이 **추운** 나라예요 = Canada is a **cold** country in the winter +- ⁠날씨는 주말에 **추워졌어요** = The weather **got** **cold** over the weekend +- ⁠너무 **추워**서 저는 겨울이 싫어요 = I don’t like winter because it is too **cold** +- ⁠현재 날씨는 평소보다 조금 **추워요** = The present/recent weather is **colder** than normal +- ⁠요즘에 날씨가 점점 **추워**져요 = Lately, the weather is getting gradually **colder** +- ⁠날씨가 **추워**서 따뜻한 옷을 입었어요 = The weather is **cold,** so I put on warm clothes @@ -636,11 +1317,11 @@ Common Usages: Examples: -- 수학은 너무 **어려워요** = Math is too **difficult** -- 한국에서 대학교는 고등학교보다 덜 **어려워요** = In Korea, University is not as **hard** as high school -- 저는 **어려운** 내용을 천천히 설명했어요 = I explained the **difficult** content slowly -- 부장님을 만족시키는 것은 **어려워요** = Is it is **difficult** to satisfy our boss -- 고등학교는 한국에서 **어려워요** = High school is **difficult** in Korea +- ⁠수학은 너무 **어려워요** = Math is too **difficult** +- ⁠한국에서 대학교는 고등학교보다 덜 **어려워요** = In Korea, University is not as **hard** as high school +- ⁠저는 **어려운** 내용을 천천히 설명했어요 = I explained the **difficult** content slowly +- ⁠부장님을 만족시키는 것은 **어려워요** = Is it is **difficult** to satisfy our boss +- ⁠고등학교는 한국에서 **어려워요** = High school is **difficult** in Korea @@ -652,10 +1333,10 @@ Examples: Example: -- 우리 집은 지금 매우 **더러워요** = Our house is really **dirty** right now -- 쥐는 너무 **더러워요** = Rats are very **dirty** -- 바다는 춥고 **더러워요** = The ocean is cold and **dirty** -- 제가 세수를 하지 않았기 때문에 얼굴이 **더러워** 보여요 = My face looks **dirty** because I didn’t wash it +- ⁠우리 집은 지금 매우 **더러워요** = Our house is really **dirty** right now +- ⁠쥐는 너무 **더러워요** = Rats are very **dirty** +- ⁠바다는 춥고 **더러워요** = The ocean is cold and **dirty** +- ⁠제가 세수를 하지 않았기 때문에 얼굴이 **더러워** 보여요 = My face looks **dirty** because I didn’t wash it @@ -667,12 +1348,10 @@ Example: Examples: -- 제가 너무 **바빠**서 내일 못 가요 = I can’t go tomorrow because I am so **busy** -- **저는** 어제 너무 **바빴어요** = I was very/too **busy** yesterday -- 이달 초에 친구들과 모임이 많을 거여서 매우 **바쁠** 것 같아요 - - I will probably be very **busy** at the beginning of this month because I have a lot of meetings with friends -- 우리가 원래 내일 만나기로 했는데 우리 둘 다 너무 **바빠서** 다음 주로 연기했어요 - - We originally decided to meet tomorrow, but we delayed it to next week because we were both so **busy** +- ⁠제가 너무 **바빠**서 내일 못 가요 = I can’t go tomorrow because I am so **busy** +- ⁠**저는** 어제 너무 **바빴어요** = I was very/too **busy** yesterday +- ⁠이달 초에 친구들과 모임이 많을 거여서 매우 **바쁠** 것 같아요 = I will probably be very **busy** at the beginning of this month because I have a lot of meetings with friends +- ⁠우리가 원래 내일 만나기로 했는데 우리 둘 다 너무 **바빠서** 다음 주로 연기했어요 = We originally decided to meet tomorrow, but we delayed it to next week because we were both so **busy** @@ -685,16 +1364,18 @@ Common Usages: - ~ㄹ 것 같다 grammatical principle (Introduced in [Lesson 35](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-2-lower-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-2-lessons-34-41/lesson-35/ "Lesson 35: It seems to be/might be (~ㄹ 것 같다)")) - 똑같다 = exactly the same -Notes: See [Lesson 15](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-9-16/lesson-15/ "Lesson 15: Miscellaneous Words and Grammar: 들다, Korean Homonyms, Being Sick, Different/Similar/Same") for more information +Notes: + +See [Lesson 15](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-9-16/lesson-15/ "Lesson 15: Miscellaneous Words and Grammar: 들다, Korean Homonyms, Being Sick, Different/Similar/Same") for more information Example: -- 저는 **같은** 바지가 있어요 = I have the **same** pants -- 캐나다 사람들은 한국 사람들과 **같아요** = Canadian people are the **same** as Korean people -- 이 학교는 우리 학교와 **같아요** = This school and our school are the **same** -- 저 식당은 이 식당과 **같아요** = That restaurant is the **same** as this one -- 우리 아빠는 저것을 싫어할 것 **같아요** = Dad will probably not like that -- 선생님이 그 수업을 하지 않을 것 **같아요** = The teacher probably won’t (teach) that lesson +- ⁠저는 **같은** 바지가 있어요 = I have the **same** pants +- ⁠캐나다 사람들은 한국 사람들과 **같아요** = Canadian people are the **same** as Korean people +- ⁠이 학교는 우리 학교와 **같아요** = This school and our school are the **same** +- ⁠저 식당은 이 식당과 **같아요** = That restaurant is the **same** as this one +- ⁠우리 아빠는 저것을 싫어할 것 **같아요** = Dad will probably not like **that** +- ⁠선생님이 그 수업을 하지 않을 것 **같아요** = The teacher probably won’t (teach) **that** lesson @@ -708,14 +1389,12 @@ Common Usages: Examples: -- 이 직업은 **안전해**서 좋아요 = This job is good because it is **safe** -- 저는 거리를 **안전하게** 건넜어요 = I crossed the street **safely** -- 우리 아버지는 차를 항상 **안전하게** 운전해요 = Our dad always drives his car **safely** -- 주위가 **안전하지** 않아요 = This area/surrounding area isn’t **safe** -- 그 아파트가 경비 아저씨가 있지만 **안전하지** 않아요 - - Even though that apartment (complex) has a security guard, it isn’t **safe** -- 사람들이 운전을 할 때 신호를 준수해야 **안전해요** - - When people drive, only when they obey the traffic signals is it **safe** +- ⁠이 직업은 **안전해**서 좋아요 = This job is good because it is **safe** +- ⁠저는 거리를 **안전하게** 건넜어요 = I crossed the street **safely** +- ⁠우리 아버지는 차를 항상 **안전하게** 운전해요 = Our dad always drives his car **safely** +- ⁠주위가 **안전하지** 않아요 = This area/surrounding area isn’t **safe** +- ⁠그 아파트가 경비 아저씨가 있지만 **안전하지** 않아요 = Even though that apartment (complex) has a security guard, it isn’t **safe** +- ⁠사람들이 운전을 할 때 신호를 준수해야 **안전해요** = When people drive, only when they obey the traffic signals is it **safe** @@ -725,14 +1404,12 @@ Examples: Examples: -- 이 빵은 너무 **딱딱해요** = This bread is too **hard** -- 다이아몬드는 **딱딱하다** = Diamonds are **hard** -- 저는 반죽을 딱딱할 때까지 **저었어요** = I **stirred** the batter until it was hard -- 바나나가 초록색일수록 **딱딱해요** = The greener bananas are, the **harder** they are -- 저는 디스크가 있어서 **딱딱한** 바닥에서 자야 돼요 - - I have a herniated disk, so I need to sleep on a **hard** floor -- 너무 **딱딱한** 음식을 많이 먹으면 턱에 무리가 가서 좋지 않아요 - - If you eat a lot of **hard** food, it puts too much stress on your chin so it is not good +- ⁠이 빵은 너무 **딱딱해요** = This bread is too **hard** +- ⁠다이아몬드는 **딱딱하다** = Diamonds are **hard** +- ⁠저는 반죽을 딱딱할 때까지 **저었어요** = I **stirred** the batter until it was hard +- ⁠바나나가 초록색일수록 **딱딱해요** = The greener bananas are, the **harder** they are +- ⁠저는 디스크가 있어서 **딱딱한** 바닥에서 자야 돼요 = I have a herniated disk, so I need to sleep on a **hard** floor +- ⁠너무 **딱딱한** 음식을 많이 먹으면 턱에 무리가 가서 좋지 않아요 = If you eat a lot of **hard** food, it puts too much stress on your chin so it is not good @@ -744,11 +1421,11 @@ Examples: Examples: -- 그녀의 손은 **부드러워요** = Her hands are very **soft** -- 그 여자의 피부가 너무 **부드러워요** = That girl’s skin is very **smooth**/**soft** -- 손이 **부드럽지** 않아서 로션을 발랐어요 = I put lotion on my hands because they weren’t **soft** -- 매우 **부드럽고도** 이상한 느낌이었다 = It had a very **soft**, but also a very strange feel -- 이 베개를 저것과 비교하면 이 베개가 훨씬 **부드러워요** = If you compare this pillow with that one, this pillow is much **softer** +- ⁠그녀의 손은 **부드러워요** = Her hands are very **soft** +- ⁠그 여자의 피부가 너무 **부드러워요** = That girl’s skin is very **smooth/soft** +- ⁠손이 **부드럽지** 않아서 로션을 발랐어요 = I put lotion on my hands because they weren’t **soft** +- ⁠매우 **부드럽고도** 이상한 느낌이었다 = It had a very **soft**, but also a very strange feel +- ⁠이 베개를 저것과 비교하면 이 베개가 훨씬 **부드러워요** = If you compare this pillow with that one, this pillow is much **softer** @@ -764,13 +1441,11 @@ Common Usages: Examples: -- 그것이 **가능하다**고 생각해요? = Do you think that is **possible**? -- 그것은 경제적으로 **가능하지** 않아요 = That isn’t economically **possible** -- 교환은 1주일 이내 **가능합니다** = Exchanges are **possible** within one week -- 정부는 지진 **가능성** 때문에 적색 경보를 내렸어요 - - The government issued a red alert because of the possibility of an earthquake -- 북한 사람들이 북한에서 탈출할 때도 잡혀서 죽을 **가능성이** 있어요 - - It is **possible** for North Korean people to be captured and killed even when they are trying to escape the country +- ⁠그것이 **가능하다**고 생각해요? = Do you think that is **possible**? +- ⁠그것은 경제적으로 **가능하지** 않아요 = That isn’t economically **possible** +- ⁠교환은 1주일 이내 **가능합니다** = Exchanges are **possible** within one week +- ⁠정부는 지진 **가능성** 때문에 적색 경보를 내렸어요 = The government issued a red alert because of the **possibility** of an earthquake +- ⁠북한 사람들이 북한에서 탈출할 때도 잡혀서 죽을 **가능성이** 있어요 = It is **possible** for North Korean people to be captured and killed even when they are trying to escape the country @@ -780,7 +1455,7 @@ Examples: Example: -- 그것을 움직이는 것이 **불가능해요** = It is **impossible** to move that +- ⁠그것을 움직이는 것이 **불가능해요** = It is **impossible** to move that @@ -796,11 +1471,11 @@ Common Usages: Example: -- 그 여자가 너무 예뻐요 = That girl is very pretty -- 저의 여자 친구는 귀엽고 예뻐요 = My girlfriend is cute and pretty -- 그 여자의 구두가 예뻐요 = That girl’s boots are pretty -- 여자 친구는 얼마나 예뻐요? = How pretty is your girlfriend? -- 그 여자들은 예뻐요 = Those girls are pretty +- ⁠그 여자가 너무 **예뻐요** = That girl is very **pretty** +- ⁠저의 여자 친구는 귀엽고 **예뻐요** = My girlfriend is cute and **pretty** +- ⁠그 여자의 구두가 **예뻐요** = That girl’s boots are **pretty** +- ⁠여자 친구는 얼마나 **예뻐요**? = How **pretty** is your girlfriend? +- ⁠그 여자들은 **예뻐요** = Those girls are **pretty** @@ -810,19 +1485,21 @@ Example:
-Notes: 일찍 is an adverb. The opposite of “early” is typically 늦다 which is an adjective. 늦게 can be used as the adverb to have the meaning of “late.” For example: +Notes: + +일찍 is an adverb. The opposite of “early” is typically 늦다 which is an adjective. 늦게 can be used as the adverb to have the meaning of “late.” For example: - 우리는 일찍 도착했어요 = We arrived early - 우리는 늦게 도착했어요 = We arrived late (it would be awkward to say “lately” in English) Examples: -- 우리는 내일 **일찍** 일어나야 돼요 = We need to wake up **early** tomorrow morning -- 왜 이렇게 **일찍** 가요? = Why are you going so **early** (like this)? -- 제가 **일찍** 가도 돼요? = May I go **early**? -- 저는 아침에 **일찍** 일어났어요 = I woke up **early** in the morning -- 그는 직장에서 **일찍** 퇴근했어요 = He left work **early** -- 밖에 **일찍** 나가려고 숙제를 빨리 했어요 = I did my homework fast in order to go out **early** +- ⁠우리는 내일 **일찍** 일어나야 돼요 = We need to wake up **early** tomorrow morning +- ⁠왜 이렇게 **일찍** 가요? = Why are you going so **early** (like this)? +- ⁠제가 **일찍** 가도 돼요? = May I go **early**? +- ⁠저는 아침에 **일찍** 일어났어요 = I woke up **early** in the morning +- ⁠그는 직장에서 **일찍** 퇴근했어요 = He left work **early** +- ⁠밖에 **일찍** 나가려고 숙제를 빨리 했어요 = I did my homework fast in order to go out **early**
@@ -832,12 +1509,12 @@ Examples: Examples: -- 저는 **매일** 운동하겠습니다 = I will exercise **everyday** -- 저는 **매일** 운동해요 = I exercise **everyday** -- **매일** 같은 운동을 하지 말고 많이 쉬세요 = Don’t do the same exercise **every** **day**, and get lots of rest -- 그 남자는 **매일** 까만색 옷을 입어요 = That man wears black clothes **everyday** -- 저는 공휴일을 빼고 **매일** 일해요 = I work **every** **day** except for public holidays -- 저의 엄마는 **매일** 운동해요 = My mother exercises **every** **day** +- ⁠저는 **매일** 운동하겠습니다 = I will exercise **everyday** +- ⁠저는 **매일** 운동해요 = I exercise **everyday** +- ⁠**매일** 같은 운동을 하지 말고 많이 쉬세요 = Don’t do the same exercise **every day**, and get lots of rest +- ⁠그 남자는 **매일** 까만색 옷을 입어요 = That man wears black clothes **everyday** +- ⁠저는 공휴일을 빼고 **매일** 일해요 = I work **every day** except for public holidays +- ⁠저의 엄마는 **매일** 운동해요 = My mother exercises **every day**