lesson 22 remaining grammar

docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/22-how-which-what-how-many.md

@@ -1138,16 +1138,16 @@ Sounds simple enough, right? Let’s talk about other words that are often confu
 
 어떤 is another one of these words that, although not an adjective, we can place before a noun to describe it. For example:
 
-- 그 영화를 보고 싶어요? = Do you want to see that movie?
+- 그 영화를 보고 싶어요? = <span class="md spoiler">Do you want to see that movie?</span>
-- 무서운 영화를 보고 싶어요? = Do you want to see a scary movie?
+- 무서운 영화를 보고 싶어요? = <span class="md spoiler">Do you want to see a scary movie?</span>
 - 무슨 영화를 보고 싶어요? <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson22-22.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">What movie do you want to see?</span>
 - 어떤 영화를 보고 싶어요? <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson22-29.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">Which movie do you want to see?</span>
 
 Or
 
-- 그 차를 사고 싶어요? = Do you want to buy that car?
+- 그 차를 사고 싶어요? = <span class="md spoiler">Do you want to buy that car?</span>
-- 비싼 차를 사고 싶어요? = Do you want to buy an expensive car?
+- 비싼 차를 사고 싶어요? = <span class="md spoiler">Do you want to buy an expensive car?</span>
-- 무슨 차를 사고 싶어요? = What car do you want to buy?
+- 무슨 차를 사고 싶어요? = <span class="md spoiler">What car do you want to buy?</span>
 - 어떤 차를 사고 싶어요? <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-22-19.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">Which car do you want to buy?</span>
 
 The first question every learner has when learning about 어떤 is how it can be differentiated from 무슨. 어떤 usually translates to “which” and 무슨 usually translates to “what.” Their meanings are very similar and their respective English translations don’t really give any hints as to what the differences between the two are.
@@ -1156,17 +1156,17 @@ The difference is subtle, and at this point you don’t really need to fully und
 
 In the case of asking questions, 어떤 is used for two main reasons.
 
-- To choose from a selection of options
+- _To choose from a selection of options_
-  For example, in: “어떤 차를 사고 싶어요?” Maybe you are selling cars and giving a person a selection of cars to choose from. Here, although you technically don’t know the answer to the question, you can assume that it will be from a limited number of choices given.
+  - For example, in: “<TTS>어떤 차를 사고 싶어요?</TTS>” Maybe you are selling cars and giving a person a selection of cars to choose from. Here, although you technically don’t know the answer to the question, you can assume that it will be from a limited number of choices given.
 
-- To ask about the type of properties or characteristics related to a person/object
+- _To ask about the type of properties or characteristics related to a person/object_
-  For example, in: “어떤 차를 사고 싶어요?” Maybe you are asking your friend about the type of car he wants to buy based on the characteristics of it. Here, you could be asking if he wants to buy a van, an SUV, a truck, etc…
+  - For example, in: “<TTS>어떤 차를 사고 싶어요?</TTS>” Maybe you are asking your friend about the type of car he wants to buy based on the characteristics of it. Here, you could be asking if he wants to buy a van, an SUV, a truck, etc…
 
 By looking at those two main usages, you can see how 어떤 should not be used to replace 무슨 in most situations. For example, in the examples earlier with 무슨, I showed you this sentence:
 
-[무슨 냄새야?](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-22-17.mp3) = What is that smell?
+- 무슨 냄새야? <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-22-17.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">What is that smell?</span>
 
-Here, “[무슨 냄새야?](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-22-17.mp3)” would be used when the person doesn’t know the source of the smell, and has no idea what the smell could be. Like I said earlier, the answer to the question would likely indicate the source of the smell and could literally be anything from “farts” to “the toaster.”
+Here, “무슨 냄새야? <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-22-17.mp3" />” would be used when the person doesn’t know the source of the smell, and has no idea what the smell could be. Like I said earlier, the answer to the question would likely indicate the source of the smell and could literally be anything from “farts” to “the toaster.”
 
 However saying “어떤 냄새야?” in most situations would be ridiculous. It could only really be used if you are asking a person to tell you about the characteristics of a smell they are smelling. For example, imagine if you had a bouquet of flowers and put the flowers to your friend’s nose. In this case, you want your friend to describe the characteristics of the smell – “Is it a nice smell? A fresh smell? A rosy smell?” The answer to this question would likely be describing (the characteristics) of the smell.
 
@@ -1206,13 +1206,13 @@ Another way you can ask this type of question is with the word 어느. Like 무
 
 Unfortunately for your brain, 어느 translates to “which.” For example:
 
-- 그 영화를 보고 싶어요? = Do you want to see that movie?
+- 그 영화를 보고 싶어요? = <span class="md spoiler">Do you want to see that movie?</span>
-- 무서운 영화를 보고 싶어요? = Do you want to see a scary movie?
+- 무서운 영화를 보고 싶어요? = <span class="md spoiler">Do you want to see a scary movie?</span>
 - 무슨 영화를 보고 싶어요? <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson22-22.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">What movie do you want to see?</span>
 - 어떤 영화를 보고 싶어요? <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson22-29.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">Which movie do you want to see?</span>
 - 어느 영화를 보고 싶어요? <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-22-22.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">Which movie do you want to see?</span>
 
-In the case of asking questions, 어느 is used in a similar way to the first explanation I gave of 어떤 from above. That is, “to choose from a selection of options.” It would not be used to refer to the type of characteristics or properties of an object, and it would not be used to refer to something unknown.
+In the case of asking questions, 어느 is used in a similar way to the first explanation I gave of 어떤 from above. That is, <span class="md spoiler">“to choose from a selection of options.”</span> It would not be used to refer to the type of characteristics or properties of an object, and it would not be used to refer to something unknown.
 
 Here, you can see that the usages of 무슨, 어떤 and 어느 overlap on multiple levels. Although this overlap leads to confusion, it also allows each word to be used interchangeably in most cases, which makes using them easier than you think. In my opinion, it is just as important to realize how _not_ to use each of these words when asking a question. Let me brief that for you:
 
@@ -1220,28 +1220,22 @@ Here, you can see that the usages of 무슨, 어떤 and 어느 overlap on multip
 
 - Don’t use this when asking about the type of characteristics or properties of something
 - Don’t use this when giving somebody options to choose from
-
+- However,
-However,
+  - Do use this when you can’t expect what the answer will be at all
-
-- Do use this when you can’t expect what the answer will be at all
 
 어떤:
 
 - Don’t use this when asking about something that you can’t expect the answer for
-
+- However,
-However,
+  - Do use this when asking about the type of characteristics or properties of something
-
+  - Do use this when giving somebody options to choose from
-- Do use this when asking about the type of characteristics or properties of something
-- Do use this when giving somebody options to choose from
 
 어느:
 
 - Don’t use this when asking about the type of characteristics or properties of something
 - Don’t use this when asking about something that you can’t expect the answer for
-
+- However,
-However,
+  - Do use this when giving somebody options to choose from
-
-- Do use this when giving somebody options to choose from
 
 Here are a bunch of similar examples which each word being used:
 
@@ -1258,9 +1252,11 @@ Here are a bunch of similar examples which each word being used:
 ---
 
 - ~~무슨 쪽으로 가고 싶어요?~~ _– This would generally not be said in Korean. You would most likely say this when standing on a street (or somewhere similar), where you have a selection of options to choose from. Therefore, one of the following would be used instead:_
-- 어떤 쪽으로 가고 싶어요? = Which way do you want to go?
-- 어느 쪽으로 가고 싶어요? = Which way do you want to go?
 
+---
+
+- 어떤 쪽으로 가고 싶어요? = <span class="md spoiler">Which way do you want to go?</span>
+- 어느 쪽으로 가고 싶어요? = <span class="md spoiler">Which way do you want to go?</span>
 - 무슨 치마를 샀어요? <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-22-s6.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">What skirt did you buy?</span>
 - 어떤 치마를 샀어요? <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-22-s7.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">Which skirt did you buy?</span>
 - 어느 치마를 샀어요? <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-22-23.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">Which skirt did you buy?</span>
@@ -1268,11 +1264,11 @@ Here are a bunch of similar examples which each word being used:
 This table is equally confusing, but it helped me organize my thoughts, so I thought I would present it here as well. I have attempted to organize the main usages of 무슨, 어떤 and 어느.
 
 |                                                                                                                                                                                              | 무슨                                                                                                                                          | 어떤                                                                                                                                                           | 어느                                                                                    |
-| -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------- |
+| -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
-| Object is unknown                                                                                                                                                                            | 무슨 냄새야?<br>What is that smell?                                                                           | 어떤 냄새야?<br>_Could be okay, but it would be referring to the characteristics of the smell, not the source._                | ~~어느~~ ~~소리야?~~<br>Awkward                         |
+| Object is unknown                                                                                                                                                                            | 무슨 냄새야?<br><span class="md spoiler">What is that smell?</span>                                                                           | 어떤 냄새야?<br>_Could be okay, but it would be referring to the characteristics of the smell, not the source._                                                | ~~어느~~ ~~소리야?~~<br>Awkward                                                         |
-| Characteristics                                                                                                                                                                              | ~~그~~ ~~사람이~~ ~~무슨~~ ~~사람이야?~~<br>Awkward                                                           | 그는 어떤 사람이야?<br>What type of person is he?                                                                              | ~~그~~ ~~사람이~~ ~~어느~~ ~~사람이야?~~<br>Awkward     |
+| Characteristics                                                                                                                                                                              | ~~그~~ ~~사람이~~ ~~무슨~~ ~~사람이야?~~<br>Awkward                                                                                           | 그는 어떤 사람이야?<br><span class="md spoiler">What type of person is he?</span>                                                                              | ~~그~~ ~~사람이~~ ~~어느~~ ~~사람이야?~~<br>Awkward                                     |
-| Choosing among options<br>More in [Lesson 33](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-2-lower-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-2-lessons-26-33/lesson-33/ "Lesson 33: ~중 (하는 중), (~중에)") | 무슨 차를 사고 싶어요?<br>What car do you want to buy?<br>_(This fits in with the “object is unknown” usage)_ | 어떤 차를 사고 싶어요?<br>Which car do you want to buy?<br>_(This could also be referring to the characteristics/type of car)_ | 어느 차를 사고 싶어요?<br>Which car do you want to buy? |
+| Choosing among options<br>More in [Lesson 33](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-2-lower-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-2-lessons-26-33/lesson-33/ "Lesson 33: ~중 (하는 중), (~중에)") | 무슨 차를 사고 싶어요?<br><span class="md spoiler">What car do you want to buy?</span><br>_(This fits in with the “object is unknown” usage)_ | 어떤 차를 사고 싶어요?<span class="md spoiler"><br>Which car do you want to buy?</span><br>_(This could also be referring to the characteristics/type of car)_ | 어느 차를 사고 싶어요?<br><span class="md spoiler">Which car do you want to buy?</span> |
-| Unsure of specifics                                                                                                                                                                          | ~~나는~~ ~~무슨~~ ~~책을~~ ~~읽었어~~<br>Awkward                                                              | 나는 어떤 책을 읽었어<br>I read some book                                                                                      | ~~나는~~ ~~어느~~ ~~책을~~ ~~읽었어~~<br>Awkward        |
+| Unsure of specifics                                                                                                                                                                          | ~~나는~~ ~~무슨~~ ~~책을~~ ~~읽었어~~<br>Awkward                                                                                              | 나는 어떤 책을 읽었어<br><span class="md spoiler">I read some book</span>                                                                                      | ~~나는~~ ~~어느~~ ~~책을~~ ~~읽었어~~<br>Awkward                                        |
 
 This is a good start, but there are other specific situations when you might use one of these words. For example, 어느 has other usages as well. You will learn about some of the other usages of 어느 in [Lesson 25](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-17-25-2/lesson-25/ "Lesson 25: Anybody, Everybody, Somebody, Nobody, etc.") and [Lesson 72](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-3-intermediate-korean-grammar/lessons-67-75/lesson-72/ "Lesson 72: As much as: ~만큼, 정도").
 
@@ -1297,14 +1293,14 @@ If you want to ask “how many \_\_\_?” you must include “몇” before the
 
 Notice the difference in the placement of the particles. When you say “몇 번” or “몇 대” or “몇 명” you have essentially created a question word. Just like most other question words, particles are not typically attached. Nonetheless, if you placed the particles after “몇 \_\_\_”, your questions would still be understood, but to me it is more natural to place them after the noun that you are asking about, and not after the counter. Just to show you, these would be understandable, and it probably just depends on the speaker who says them:
 
-- 차 몇 대가 있어요? = How many cars do you have?
+- 차 몇 대가 있어요? = <span class="md spoiler">How many cars do you have?</span>
-- 친구 몇 명을 만났어요? = How many friends did you meet?
+- 친구 몇 명을 만났어요? = <span class="md spoiler">How many friends did you meet?</span>
 
 Also make sure not to confuse these types of sentences with these similar sentences you learned in a previous lesson:
 
-- (저는) 차 몇 대가 있어요 = I have some cars
+- (저는) 차 몇 대가 있어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I have some cars</span>
-- (저는) 어제 학교에 몇 번 갔어요 = I went to school some times (a few times) yesterday
+- (저는) 어제 학교에 몇 번 갔어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I went to school some times (a few times) yesterday</span>
-- (저는) 친구를 몇 명 만났어요 = I met some friends
+- (저는) 친구를 몇 명 만났어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I met some friends</span>
 
 The difference between the first three sentences and the last three sentences is the first three are questions and the last three are statements. Remember when you are asking a question that the intonation needs to rise at the end of the sentence.
 
@@ -1320,15 +1316,15 @@ The word “얼마나” can be placed before adjectives and adverbs to mean “
 
 Adjectives
 
-- 얼마나 짧다 = how short
+- 얼마나 짧다 = <span class="md spoiler">how short</span>
-- 얼마나 예쁘다 = how pretty
+- 얼마나 예쁘다 = <span class="md spoiler">how pretty</span>
-- 얼마나 많다 = how much/many
+- 얼마나 많다 = <span class="md spoiler">how much/many</span>
 
 Adverbs
 
-- 얼마나 자주 = how often
+- 얼마나 자주 = <span class="md spoiler">how often</span>
-- 얼마나 빨리 = how quickly
+- 얼마나 빨리 = <span class="md spoiler">how quickly</span>
-- 얼마나 잘 = how well
+- 얼마나 잘 = <span class="md spoiler">how well</span>
 
 For example:
 
@@ -1362,7 +1358,7 @@ The adverb 많이 is sometimes used in these sentences, and creates essentially
 - 물을 얼마나 많이 마셨어요? <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-22-34.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">How much water did you drink?</span>
 - 그 책상은 자리를 얼마나 많이 차지해요? <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-22-s12.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">How much space does that desk take up?</span>
 
-Using 많이 in the sentences above just stresses that the speaker knows that the answer is “a lot” (remember, the meaning of 많이 is “a lot” or “many”), and is sort of asking “okay, I know it is a lot, but _how much_ a lot?” (I realize that sentence is grammatically incorrect).
+Using 많이 in the sentences above just stresses that the speaker knows that the answer is “<span class="md spoiler">a lot</span>” (remember, the meaning of 많이 is “<span class="md spoiler">a lot</span>” or “<span class="md spoiler">many</span>”), and is sort of asking “<span class="md spoiler">okay, I know it is a lot, but _how much_ a lot?</span>” (I realize that sentence is grammatically incorrect).
 
 —————–
 
@@ -1372,7 +1368,7 @@ Using 많이 in the sentences above just stresses that the speaker knows that th
 - 얼마나 많은 돈을 가져갈 거예요? <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-22-s15.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">How much money will you take?</span>
 - 얼마나 많은 물을 마셨어요? <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-22-s16.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">How much water did you drink?</span>
 
-Although correct and understandable, I highly suggest you refrain from using this style of sentence. It sounds much more natural to say “빵을 얼마나 먹었어요?” or “빵을 얼마나 많이 먹었어요?” instead of “얼마나 많은 빵을 먹었어요?”
+Although correct and understandable, I highly suggest you refrain from using this style of sentence. It sounds much more natural to say “<TTS>빵을 얼마나 먹었어요?</TTS>” or “<TTS>빵을 얼마나 많이 먹었어요?</TTS>” instead of “얼마나 많은 빵을 먹었어요?”
 
 —————–
 
@@ -1388,7 +1384,8 @@ Notice the difference between the use of “how” in the sentences below:
 - 한국어를 얼마나 자주 공부해요? <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson22-56.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">How often do you study Korean?</span>
 - 한국어를 어떻게 배웠어요? <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson22-2.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">How did you learn Korean?</span>
 
-The word “얼마” can be used to ask how much something costs.
+The word “얼마” can be used to ask <span class="md spoiler">how much something costs</span>.
+
 _얼마나 and 얼마 are technically not the same word. However, I am presenting 얼마 in this form here because it is very common and it is in the form of a question._
 
 For example:
@@ -1405,6 +1402,7 @@ _Remember,_ 이게, 그게 _and_ 저게 _are contractions of_ 이것이, 그것
 I just want to point out that it is possible to use most of these question words by themselves to ask for more information about a situation. If somebody is talking, and you want more information about who, what, when, where, why or how something occurs, you can use 누구, 뭐, 언제, 어디, 왜 or 어떻게 by themselves as questions. I don’t show this, but you can also add “요” after any of these words if you are speaking in a more formal situation. For example:
 
 <ins>왜</ins>
+
 In [Lesson 21](./21-why-when-where-who.md), you saw that you can use this when somebody calls you, for example:
 
 - Person 1: - 슬기야! <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-21-23.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">Seulgi!</span>
@@ -1412,33 +1410,33 @@ In [Lesson 21](./21-why-when-where-who.md), you saw that you can use this when s
 
 It can also be used by itself to ask “why” something occurs. For example:
 
-- Person 1: 저는 내일 캐나다에 갈 거예요 = Tomorrow, I will go to Canada
+- Person 1: 저는 내일 캐나다에 갈 거예요 = <span class="md spoiler">Tomorrow, I will go to Canada</span>
-- Person 2: 왜? = Why (will you go to Canada tomorrow)?
+- Person 2: 왜? = <span class="md spoiler">Why (will you go to Canada tomorrow)?</span>
 
 <ins>언제</ins>
 
-- Person 1: 저는 캐나다에 갈 거예요 = I will go to Canada
+- Person 1: 저는 캐나다에 갈 거예요 = <span class="md spoiler">I will go to Canada</span>
-- Person 2: 언제? = When (will you go to Canada)?
+- Person 2: 언제? = <span class="md spoiler">When (will you go to Canada)?</span>
 
 <ins>어디</ins>
 
-- Person 1: 저는 내일 갈 거예요 = I will go tomorrow
+- Person 1: 저는 내일 갈 거예요 = <span class="md spoiler">I will go tomorrow</span>
-- Person 2: 어디? = Where (will you go tomorrow)?
+- Person 2: 어디? = <span class="md spoiler">Where (will you go tomorrow)?</span>
 
 <ins>누구</ins>
 
-- Person 1: 내일 그 사람을 만날 거예요 = I will meet that person tomorrow
+- Person 1: 내일 그 사람을 만날 거예요 = <span class="md spoiler">I will meet that person tomorrow</span>
-- Person 2: 누구(를)? = Who(m) (will you meet)?
+- Person 2: 누구(를)? = <span class="md spoiler">Who(m) (will you meet)?</span>
 
 You can use 누가 by itself when asking about the acting agent of a sentence. For example:
 
-- Person 1: 내일 어떤 사람이 여기 올 거예요 = Tomorrow, some person will come here
+- Person 1: 내일 어떤 사람이 여기 올 거예요 = <span class="md spoiler">Tomorrow, some person will come here</span>
-- Person 2: 누가? = Who (will come here)?
+- Person 2: 누가? = <span class="md spoiler">Who (will come here)?</span>
 
 <ins>어떻게</ins>
 
-- Person 1: 저는 공항에 갈 거예요 = I will go to the airport
+- Person 1: 저는 공항에 갈 거예요 = <span class="md spoiler">I will go to the airport</span>
-- Person 2: 어떻게? = How (will you go to the airport)?
+- Person 2: 어떻게? = <span class="md spoiler">How (will you go to the airport)?</span>
 
 <ins>뭐</ins>
 
@@ -1449,7 +1447,7 @@ You saw this already in this lesson:
 
 ———————-
 
-That’s it for asking questions in Korean! There was a _lot_ of content in this lesson and the one before it ([Lesson 21](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-17-25-2/lesson-21-asking-questions-in-korean-why-when-where-and-who/)). Make sure you review those concepts a lot, because they are very important!
+That’s it for asking questions in Korean! There was a _lot_ of content in this lesson and the one before it ([Lesson 21](./21-why-when-where-who.md)). Make sure you review those concepts a lot, because they are very important!
 
 Before we move on to the next lesson, though, we need to revisit \~는/은 and \~이/가 again.
 
@@ -1473,7 +1471,7 @@ _Note here that I wouldn’t actually translate_ “내가 밥을 먹었어” _
 
 Nobody would ever say that without anything prompting a person to say it. Instead, you would just say:
 
-- 나는 밥을 먹었어 = I ate rice
+- 나는 밥을 먹었어 = <span class="md spoiler">I ate rice</span>
 
 Note that here, you are not comparing anything. You are also not stating a general fact. You are just indicating the subject of the sentence. How can I know that nothing is being compared? How can I know that this isn’t just a general fact? How can I know that \~는/은 is just acting as a plain old subject marker?
 
@@ -1494,7 +1492,7 @@ It would be weird in most situations to just say the following as a one-off sent
 
 However, imagine two students in a class arguing about who gets to sit in the front row (the best seats in the class). After arguing for a few minutes, the class president can come in and say:
 
-- 내가 반장이야! = I am the class president! (반장 = class president)
+- 내가 반장이야! = <span class="md spoiler">I am the class president!</span> (반장 = <span class="md spoiler">class president</span>)
 
 In this situation, the speaker is stressing that it is he/she that is the class president, and therefore has the power to solve the situation.
 
@@ -1502,40 +1500,40 @@ I waited until Lesson 22 to talk about this usage because now you know how to as
 
 For example, in the following dialogue:
 
-- 누가 밥을 먹었어? = Who ate the rice?
+- 누가 밥을 먹었어? = <span class="md spoiler">Who ate the rice?</span>
-- 내가 밥을 먹었어 = I ate the rice
+- 내가 밥을 먹었어 = <span class="md spoiler">I ate the rice</span>
 
 This could also be shortened to only include the subject:
 
-- 내가 = “I did”, or “me”
+- 내가 = <span class="md spoiler">“I did”, or “me”</span>
 
 Another example:
 
-- 누가 피자를 만들었어? = Who made the pizza?
+- 누가 피자를 만들었어? = <span class="md spoiler">Who made the pizza?</span>
-- 내가 만들었어 = I made it (me)
+- 내가 만들었어 = <span class="md spoiler">I made it (me)</span>
 
 Notice here that just because (in English) somebody asks a “who” question doesn’t mean that \~이/가 must be used on the subject. This is only relevant when the speaker is asking “who” the subject was – and not who the object was (in effect, when “who” translates to 누가 and not to 누구”).
 
-- 누가 그녀를 좋아해? = Who likes her?
+- 누가 그녀를 좋아해? = <span class="md spoiler">Who likes her?</span>
-- 내가 그녀를 좋아해 = I like her
+- 내가 그녀를 좋아해 = <span class="md spoiler">I like her</span>
 
 Notice above the question is asking who the subject is
 
-- 너는 누구를 좋아해? = Who do you like?
+- 너는 누구를 좋아해? = <span class="md spoiler">Who do you like?</span>
-- 나는 그녀를 좋아해 = I like her
+- 나는 그녀를 좋아해 = <span class="md spoiler">I like her</span>
 
 Notice above the question is asking who the object is. The use of “는” on the subject takes the stress off of the subject and “는” just acts as a subject marker.
 
 The same thing can be done with other question words, as long as the question is asking for the subject. For example:
 
-어떤 것이 더 좋아요? = Which one is better?
+- 어떤 것이 더 좋아요? = <span class="md spoiler">Which one is better?</span>
-이것이 더 좋아요 = This one is better
+- 이것이 더 좋아요 = <span class="md spoiler">This one is better</span>
 
 I can’t stress enough that all of these nuances are all situational.
 A particular sentence with \~는/은 can make sense in one situation, but could be awkward in another situation. That same sentence might be awkward with \~이/가 in one situation, but appropriate in another situation. In some situations, they could be exactly the same. Ask a Korean person to distinguish between the following:
 
-내 친구가 밥을 먹었다
+- 내 친구가 밥을 먹었다
-내 친구는 밥을 먹었다
+- 내 친구는 밥을 먹었다
 
 They will tell you that – depending on the situation – they could be exactly the same. It entirely depends on the nuance that the speaker is trying to make.
 
@@ -1543,56 +1541,56 @@ Before we finish, I would like to organize everything that we’ve done and try
 
 \~는/은:
 
-- 1.  To denote a subject of a sentence. For example:
+1.  To denote a subject of a sentence. For example:
-      나는 밥을 먹었다 = I ate rice
+    - 나는 밥을 먹었다 = <span class="md spoiler">I ate rice</span>
-      내 친구는 밥을 먹었다 = My friend ate rice
+    - 내 친구는 밥을 먹었다 = <span class="md spoiler">My friend ate rice</span>
-      나는 그녀를 좋아해 = I like her
+    - 나는 그녀를 좋아해 = <span class="md spoiler">I like her</span>
-      This may or may not have an overlapped meaning with the following purposes:
+    - This may or may not have an overlapped meaning with the following purposes:
 
-- 2.  To compare something. For example:
+2.  To compare something. For example:
-      이 산은 높다 = This mountain is high (but maybe another mountain is low)
+    - 이 산은 높다 = <span class="md spoiler">This mountain is high (but maybe another mountain is low)</span>
-      사과는 빨갛다. 바나나는 노랗다 = Apples are red. Bananas are yellow.
+    - 사과는 빨갛다. 바나나는 노랗다 = <span class="md spoiler">Apples are red. Bananas are yellow.</span>
 
-- 3.  To state a general fact. For example:
+3.  To state a general fact. For example:
-      로키산은 높다 = The Rocky Mountains are high
+    - 로키산은 높다 = <span class="md spoiler">The Rocky Mountains are high</span>
-      여름 날씨는 좋다 = Summer weather is good (nice)
+    - 여름 날씨는 좋다 = <span class="md spoiler">Summer weather is good (nice)</span>
-      다이아몬드는 딱딱하다 = Diamonds are hard
+    - 다이아몬드는 딱딱하다 = <span class="md spoiler">Diamonds are hard</span>
-      사과는 빨갛다 = Apples are red
+    - 사과는 빨갛다 = <span class="md spoiler">Apples are red</span>
 
 \~이/가:
 
-- 1.  To denote a subject of a sentence. For example:
+1.  To denote a subject of a sentence. For example:
-      고양이가 집 뒤에 있다 = The cat is behind the house
+    - 고양이가 집 뒤에 있다 = <span class="md spoiler">The cat is behind the house</span>
-      This may or may not have an overlapped meaning with the following purposes:
+    - This may or may not have an overlapped meaning with the following purposes:
 
-- 2.  To indicate something based on a recent experience/observation. For example:
+2.  To indicate something based on a recent experience/observation. For example:
-      날씨가 좋다 = The weather is nice!
+    - 날씨가 좋다 = <span class="md spoiler">The weather is nice!</span>
-      비가 와요 = It’s raining!
+    - 비가 와요 = <span class="md spoiler">It’s raining!</span>
-      사과가 파랗다 = The apple is blue
+    - 사과가 파랗다 = <span class="md spoiler">The apple is blue</span>
 
-- 3.  To stress that the subject does the action (or is the adjective). For example:
+3.  To stress that the subject does the action (or is the adjective). For example:
-      누가 그녀를 좋아해? = Who likes her?
+    - 누가 그녀를 좋아해? = <span class="md spoiler">Who likes her?</span>
-      – 내가 그녀를 좋아해 = I like her
+    - – 내가 그녀를 좋아해 = <span class="md spoiler">I like her</span>
-      내가 반장이야! = I am the class president!
+    - 내가 반장이야! = <span class="md spoiler">I am the class president!</span>
 
-- 4.  Placed on objects in sentences that are predicated by adjectives. For example:
+4.  Placed on objects in sentences that are predicated by adjectives. For example:
-      나는 학교가 싫다 = I don’t like school
+    - 나는 학교가 싫다 = <span class="md spoiler">I don’t like school</span>
-      나는 그것이 좋다 = I like that
+    - 나는 그것이 좋다 = <span class="md spoiler">I like that</span>
-      나는 펜이 있다 = I have a pen
+    - 나는 펜이 있다 = <span class="md spoiler">I have a pen</span>
 
-- 5.  Placed on the object before 아니다 to indicate what something is not. For example:
+5.  Placed on the object before 아니다 to indicate what something is not. For example:
-      나는 학생이 아니다 = I am not a student
+    - 나는 학생이 아니다 = <span class="md spoiler">I am not a student</span>
-      나는 의사가 아니다 = I am not a doctor
+    - 나는 의사가 아니다 = <span class="md spoiler">I am not a doctor</span>
 
-- 6.  Placed on the object predicated by “되다” to indicate what something becomes. For example:
+6.  Placed on the object predicated by “되다” to indicate what something becomes. For example:
-      나는 의사가 되고 싶다 = I want to become a doctor
+    - 나는 의사가 되고 싶다 = <span class="md spoiler">I want to become a doctor</span>
-      나는 선생님이 되고 싶다 = I want to become a teacher
+    - 나는 선생님이 되고 싶다 = <span class="md spoiler">I want to become a teacher</span>
 
 In [Lesson 14](./14-passive.md) you also learned about creating passive sentences with verbs that act in the “state” of something. For example:
 
-문이 열려 있다 = The door is open
+- 문이 열려 있다 = <span class="md spoiler">The door is open</span>
 
-In that lesson, I told you that you should use \~이/가 on the object that is in the state of something. I can only assume that the purpose of this is what is described in number 2) above. That is, “the door being open” is not some general statement because (obviously) not all doors are open. Rather, the speaker is referring to a particular door in a particular situation that is open, and thus, requires the use of \~이/가. Adding \~는/은 to “문” (or any other object in that situation) would only be acceptable in a comparison situation.
+In that lesson, I told you that you should use \~이/가 on the object that is in the state of something. I can only assume that the purpose of this is what is described in number 2 above. That is, “the door being open” is not some general statement because (obviously) not all doors are open. Rather, the speaker is referring to a particular door in a particular situation that is open, and thus, requires the use of \~이/가. Adding \~는/은 to “문” (or any other object in that situation) would only be acceptable in a comparison situation.
 
 One last time before we put this to bed for a while:
 Your understanding of this will progress along with your understanding of Korean in general. Through Lesson 2, 17 and 22 I hope you have a better understanding of this. However, I know that you will still be confused. Don’t worry, that is normal, and I promise your understanding will evolve as you keep progressing with your Korean.