polv/ko-grammar
1
0 Fork 0
Code Issues Pull Requests Actions Packages Projects Releases Wiki Activity

lesson 10

Browse Source
This commit is contained in:
polv committed 2026-04-28 10:18:32 +07:00
1 parent 37e48e0132
commit d669842d01
3 files changed
+779 -42
Download Patch File Download Diff File Expand all files Collapse all files

No files matched your search

docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/09-conjugate-이다.md
+42 -42
View File
@@ -61,14 +61,14 @@ Common Usages:
Example:
- 우리 **회사**는 새로운 회사원을 찾고 있어요 = Our **company** is looking for new workers
- 내가 **회사**에 가지 않은 날에 병원에 갔어 = On the day I didn’t go to **work**, I went to the hospital
- 작년에 우리 **회사**의 수입은 200만원이었어요 = Our **company’s** income last year was 200만 won
- 저는 그 **회사**에서 5월까지 일할 거예요 = I will work at that **company** until May
- 저는 **회사**를 위해 열심히 일할 거예요 = I will work hard for the **company**
- **회사**는 기계를 대체했어 = The **company** replaced the machine
- 나는 개인적 문제로 **회사**를 그만두었다 = I quit the **company** due to personal problems
- 저는 일을 구하려고 그 **회사**에 이력서를 냈어요 = I submitted my resume to that **company** with the intention of applying for that job
- 우리 **회사**는 새로운 회사원을 찾고 있어요 = <span class="md spoiler">Our **company** is looking for new workers</span>
- 내가 **회사**에 가지 않은 날에 병원에 갔어 = <span class="md spoiler">On the day I didn’t go to **work**, I went to the hospital</span>
- 작년에 우리 **회사**의 수입은 200만원이었어요 = <span class="md spoiler">Our **company’s** income last year was 200 won</span>
- 저는 그 **회사**에서 5월까지 일할 거예요 = <span class="md spoiler">I will work at that **company** until May</span>
- 저는 **회사**를 위해 열심히 일할 거예요 = <span class="md spoiler">I will work hard for the **company**</span>
- **회사**는 기계를 대체했어 = <span class="md spoiler">The **company** replaced the machine</span>
- 나는 개인적 문제로 **회사**를 그만두었다 = <span class="md spoiler">I quit the **company** due to personal problems</span>
- 저는 일을 구하려고 그 **회사**에 이력서를 냈어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I submitted my resume to that **company** with the intention of applying for that job</span>
</Details>
@@ -78,9 +78,9 @@ Example:
Examples:
- 이 **장소**는 공원이 될 것이다 = <span class="md spoiler">This **place** will become a park</span>
- 그 **장소**가 너무 위험해서 가지 마세요 = <span class="md spoiler">That **place** is very dangerous, so don’t go</span>
- 경찰관들이 그 **장소**에 파견되었어요 = <span class="md spoiler">Police officers were dispatched to the **area**</span>
- <TTS class="md">이 **장소**는 공원이 될 것이다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">This **place** will become a park</span>
- <TTS class="md">그 **장소**가 너무 위험해서 가지 마세요</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">That **place** is very dangerous, so don’t go</span>
- <TTS class="md">경찰관들이 그 **장소**에 파견되었어요</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">Police officers were dispatched to the **area**</span>
</Details>
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ This refers to the signs that hang outside stores or other places of businesses,
Example:
- 한국에는 노래방**간판**이 많아요 = <span class="md spoiler">There are a lot of no-rae bang **signs** in Korea</span>
- <TTS class="md">한국에는 노래방**간판**이 많아요</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">There are a lot of no-rae bang **signs** in Korea</span>
</Details>
@@ -400,8 +400,8 @@ Example:
Example:
- 저는 **미래**에 의사가 될 거예요 = <span class="md spoiler">I will be a doctor in the <strong>future</strong></span>
- 저는 **미래**에 외국어를 많이 배우고 싶어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I want to learn a lot of foreign languages in the **future**</span>
- <TTS class="md">저는 **미래**에 의사가 될 거예요</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">I will be a doctor in the <strong>future</strong></span>
- <TTS class="md">저는 **미래**에 외국어를 많이 배우고 싶어요</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">I want to learn a lot of foreign languages in the **future**</span>
</Details>
@@ -413,30 +413,30 @@ Example:
One of the usages of 되다 is to make a verb change to the passive voice. This is introduced in [Lesson 14](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-9-16/lesson-14-korean-passive-verbs/). For example:
- 점심이 학교에 준비되었어요 = <span class="md spoiler">The lunch was provided by the school</span>
- <TTS class="md">점심이 학교에 준비되었어요</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">The lunch was provided by the school</span>
In addition to this, there are many ways 되다 can be used. This is just a small sample:
To indicate that <span class="md spoiler">one becomes something</span>:
- 미래에 저는 의사가 **되**고 싶어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I want to **be** a doctor in the future</span>
- 저는 언젠가 선생님이 **되**고 싶어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I want to **become** a teacher someday</span>
- <TTS class="md">미래에 저는 의사가 **되**고 싶어요</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">I want to **be** a doctor in the future</span>
- <TTS class="md">저는 언젠가 선생님이 **되**고 싶어요</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">I want to **become** a teacher someday</span>
To indicate that <span class="md spoiler">you have been doing something for a certain amount of time</span>:
- 밥을 먹은 지 5분 **됐어요** = <span class="md spoiler">I have been eating for 5 minutes</span>
- 운동한 지 오래 **됐어요**? = <span class="md spoiler">Have you been exercising for a long time?</span>
- <TTS class="md">밥을 먹은 지 5분 **됐어요**</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">I have been eating for 5 minutes</span>
- <TTS class="md">운동한 지 오래 **됐어요**?</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">Have you been exercising for a long time?</span>
To indicate that <span class="md spoiler">something that something is “ready” or “done” or “finished”</span>:
- 밥이 아직 안 **됐어요** = <span class="md spoiler">The rice isn’t ready yet</span>
- 저는 갈 준비 **됐어요** = <span class="md spoiler">I am ready to go</span>
- Wifi가 잘 안 **돼요** = <span class="md spoiler">The WiFi doesn’t work well</span>
- <TTS class="md">밥이 아직 안 **됐어요**</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">The rice isn’t ready yet</span>
- <TTS class="md">저는 갈 준비 **됐어요**</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">I am ready to go</span>
- <TTS class="md">Wifi가 잘 안 **돼요**</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">The WiFi doesn’t work well</span>
To indicate that <span class="md spoiler">one can or cannot do something</span>:
- 지금 가도 **돼요**? = <span class="md spoiler">May I go now?</span>
- 안 가도 **돼요** = <span class="md spoiler">You don’t have to go</span>
- <TTS class="md">지금 가도 **돼요**?</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">May I go now?</span>
- <TTS class="md">안 가도 **돼요**</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">You don’t have to go</span>
</Details>
@@ -454,9 +454,9 @@ Common Usages:
Example:
- 그는 밥을 벌써 먹기 **시작했어요** = <span class="md spoiler">He **started** eating already</span>
- 수업이 4시쯤에 **시작될** 예정이에요 = <span class="md spoiler">The class is scheduled to **start** at about 4:00pm</span>
- 저는 아무 때나 일을 **시작할** 준비됐어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I am ready to **start** working any time</span>
- <TTS class="md">그는 밥을 벌써 먹기 **시작했어요**</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">He **started** eating already</span>
- <TTS class="md">수업이 4시쯤에 **시작될** 예정이에요</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">The class is scheduled to **start** at about 4:00pm</span>
- <TTS class="md">저는 아무 때나 일을 **시작할** 준비됐어요</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">I am ready to **start** working any time</span>
</Details>
@@ -472,11 +472,11 @@ This meaning is not “to act” in the sense of an actor or actress. Instead, t
Example:
- 부모님 앞에서 그렇게 **행동하**지 마세요 = <span class="md spoiler">Don’t **act** that way in front of your parents</span>
- 저는 과거에 그런 **행동**을 많이 했어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I **acted** like that a lot in the past</span>
- 그는 실망스럽게 **행동했어요** = <span class="md spoiler">He **acted** disappointingly (in a disappointed way)</span>
- 그 사람은 가난한 사람인 것처럼 **행동했어요** = <span class="md spoiler">That person **acted** like a poor person</span>
- 내 **행동**은 실수인 것을 깨달았어 = <span class="md spoiler">I realized that my **actions** (what I did) is/was a mistake</span>
- <TTS class="md">부모님 앞에서 그렇게 **행동하**지 마세요</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">Don’t **act** that way in front of your parents</span>
- <TTS class="md">저는 과거에 그런 **행동**을 많이 했어요</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">I **acted** like that a lot in the past</span>
- <TTS class="md">그는 실망스럽게 **행동했어요**</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">He **acted** disappointingly (in a disappointed way)</span>
- <TTS class="md">그 사람은 가난한 사람인 것처럼 **행동했어요**</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">That person **acted** like a poor person</span>
- <TTS class="md">내 **행동**은 실수인 것을 깨달았어</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">I realized that my **actions** (what I did) is/was a mistake</span>
</Details>
@@ -518,8 +518,8 @@ Example:
Example:
- 저는 친구를 **방문하**러 한국에 갔어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I went to Korean to **visit** my friend</span>
- 나는 너를 다음 번에 **방문할** 거야 = <span class="md spoiler">I will **visit** you next time</span>
- <TTS class="md">저는 친구를 **방문하**러 한국에 갔어요</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">I went to Korean to **visit** my friend</span>
- <TTS class="md">나는 너를 다음 번에 **방문할** 거야</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">I will **visit** you next time</span>
</Details>
@@ -566,9 +566,9 @@ Notice that <TTS>잃어버리다</TTS> and <TTS>잊어버리다</TTS> are actual
Examples:
- 저는 열쇠를 **잃어버렸어요** = <span class="md spoiler">I **lost** my keys</span>
- 저는 아이를 **잃어버려**서 걱정이 되었어요= <span class="md spoiler">I was worried because I **lost** the baby)</span>
- 저는 친구의 집에서 열쇠를 **잃어버렸어요** = <span class="md spoiler">I **lost** my keys at a friend’s house</span>
- <TTS class="md">저는 열쇠를 **잃어버렸어요**</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">I **lost** my keys</span>
- <TTS class="md">저는 아이를 **잃어버려**서 걱정이 되었어요</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">I was worried because I **lost** the baby)</span>
- <TTS class="md">저는 친구의 집에서 열쇠를 **잃어버렸어요**</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">I **lost** my keys at a friend’s house</span>
</Details>
@@ -649,11 +649,11 @@ This word is more common than you would think. Korean people are generally very
Example:
- 제가 너무 **부끄러워서** 발표를 못해요 = <span class="md spoiler">I can’t do presentations because I am so **shy**</span>
- <TTS class="md">제가 너무 **부끄러워서** 발표를 못해요</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">I can’t do presentations because I am so **shy**</span>
The addition of ~아/어하다 is commonly done when the speaker is not the person who is shy. This grammar is explained in [Lesson 105](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-5/lessons-101-108/lesson-105a/)
- **부끄러워하지** 마세요 = <span class="md spoiler">Don’t be **shy**!</span>
- <TTS class="md">**부끄러워하지** 마세요</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">Don’t be **shy**!</span>
</Details>
@@ -688,9 +688,9 @@ Example:
Example:
- 저는 **이제** 갈 거예요 = <span class="md spoiler">I’m going <strong>now</strong></span>
- 우리 애기는 **이제** 2살이에요 = <span class="md spoiler">Our baby is **now** 2 years old</span>
- 저는 **이제** 더 읽기 싫어요 = <span class="md spoiler">(**Now**), I don’t want to read anymore</span>
- <TTS class="md">저는 **이제** 갈 거예요</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">I’m going <strong>now</strong></span>
- <TTS class="md">우리 애기는 **이제** 2살이에요</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">Our baby is **now** 2 years old</span>
- <TTS class="md">저는 **이제** 더 읽기 싫어요</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">(**Now**), I don’t want to read anymore</span>
</Details>
docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/10-numbers.md
+736
View File
@@ -0,0 +1,736 @@
# Lesson 10: Korean Numbers
## Vocabulary
The vocabulary in this section does not need to be separated. In my mind, they would all fall under the category of “Other.”
하나 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v1.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">one</span>
둘 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v2.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">two</span>
셋 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v3.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">three</span>
넷 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v4.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">four</span>
다섯 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v5.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">five</span>
여섯 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v6.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">six</span>
일곱 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v7.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">seven</span>
여덟 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v8.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">eight</span>
아홉 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v9.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">nine</span>
열 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v10.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">ten</span>
스물 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v11.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">twenty</span>
서른 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v12.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">thirty</span>
마흔 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v13.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">forty</span>
쉰 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v14.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">fifty</span>
---
일 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v15.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">one</span>
이 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v16.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">two</span>
삼 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v17.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">three</span>
사 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v18.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">four</span>
오 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v19.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">five</span>
육 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v20.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">six</span>
칠 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v21.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">seven</span>
팔 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v22.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">eight</span>
구 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v23.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">nine</span>
십 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v24.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">ten</span>
백 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v25.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">one hundred</span>
천 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v26.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">one thousand</span>
만 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v27.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">ten thousand</span>
---
영 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v28.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">zero</span>
공 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v29.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">zero</span>
Click on the English words below to see information and examples of that word in use. You probably won’t be able to understand the grammar within the sentences at this point, but seeing words being used in sentences is very helpful for understanding how they can be used.
A PDF file neatly presenting these words and extra information can be found [here](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/buyingpdf/vocabulary-examples/).
You can try to find all of the words from this lesson, and all of the words from every lesson in Unit 1 in a package of twenty five [Word Searches](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wordsearch/).
처음 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v30.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">the first time/beginning</span>
<Details>
Common Usages:
처음에 = at first
처음부터 = from the beginning
처음부터 끝까지 = from start to finish
오랜만에 처음으로 = for the first time in a long time
Notes: This can be used in sentences when you are talking about the first time something is being done. Or it can be used as an adverb to have the meaning “in the beginning”
See [below in this lesson](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-9-16/unit-1-lesson-10/#ftime) for more information.
Examples:
저는 **처음에** 우리 학교가 좋지 않았어요 = I didn’t like our school at <strong>first</strong>
저는 어제 공항에 **처음** 갔어요 = Yesterday, I went to the airport for the **first** <strong>time</strong>
저는 내일 한국에 **처음** 갈 것입니다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-54.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I will go to Korea for the **first time** tomorrow</span>
그들은 저를 **처음**부터 싫어했어요 = They didn’t like me from the **start**
저는 그것을 **처음**부터 끝까지 복습했어요 = I reviewed that from **start** to finish
저는 그 책을 **처음**부터 끝까지 읽었어요 = I read that book from **start** to finish
그녀는 **처음**으로 그녀의 감정을 드러냈어요 = For the **first time**, she revealed her emotions
</Details>
마지막 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v31.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">last</span>
<Details>
Common Usages:
마지막 날 = the last day
마지막 게임 = the last game
마지막으로 = lastly
Notes: There are two similar but different meanings for the word “last” in English. 마지막 is used for only ONE of those meanings. 마지막 is used to talk about something that is the last thing in the end of sequence – as in “first meal… second meal… third meal… fourth meal… last meal.” It is NOT used to talk about something in the past, as in “last night I went to bed late.” See bellow in this lesson for more information.
Example:
이 수업은 우리의 **마지막** 수업이에요 = This is our **last** class
이것은 저의 **마지막** 기회이다 = This is my **last** chance
저는 **마지막** 수업을 안 들었어요 = I didn’t attend the **last** class
저는 **마지막** 것을 안 봤어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-50.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I didn’t see the **last** thing</span>
우리는 결국 **마지막** 경기에서 졌어요 = We ended up losing in the **last** game
교수님은 **마지막** 수업이 끝나고 학생들을 위해 식사를 샀어요 = The professor bought a meal for the students after the **last** class
</Details>
번째 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v32.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">counter for 1st/2nd/3rd/etc..</span>
<Details>
Notes: This can be added as a counter after a number to mean 1st/2nd/3rd/etc.
When saying “first”, “첫” replaces “한”.
저는 첫 번째 차를 싫어했어요 = I didn’t like that first car
After “first,” you can use the regular Korean numbers. Just like with counters, the numbers 2 – 4 change when 번째 follows. For example:
저는 두 번째 남자를 골랐어요 = I chose the second man
After the number four, the words don’t change when adding 번째. For example:
이 수업은 오늘 저의 열 번째 수업입니다 = This is my tenth class today
Examples:
저는 열 **번째로 도착한** 사람이었어요 = I was the 10**th** person to arrive
</Details>
첫 번째 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v33.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">first (1st)</span>
<Details>
Notes: Can be shortened to “첫째” in some situations, usually when the following word is a counter or somebody’s children. For example:
첫째 아들 = first son
첫째 주 = first week
Examples:
저의 **첫** **번째** 친구는 착했어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-33.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">My **first** friend was nice</span>
그 사람은 서울에서 부산까지 걸은 첫 **번째** 사람이었다 = That person was the **first** person who walked from Seoul to Busan
</Details>
두 번째 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v34.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">second (2nd)</span>
<Details>
Notes: Can be shortened to “둘째” in some situations, usually when the following word is a counter or somebody’s children. For example:
둘째 아들 = second daughter
둘째 날 = second day
Examples:
그 **두** **번째** 선생님은 똑똑했어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-35.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">That **second** teacher was smart</span>
우리는 **두** **번째** 날에 서울에 갔어요 = We went to Seoul on the **second** day
</Details>
개 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v35.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">counter for things</span>
<Details>
Notes: Counters are used in Korean to count various things. Different counters are used for things like people, books, animals, etc. “개” is the general counter that can be used to count most things that don’t have a specific counter (or if you don’t know the specific counter-word for something). See [below in this lesson](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-9-16/unit-1-lesson-10/#count) for more information.
Example:
펜 두 **개**를 주세요 = Give me two pens, please
저는 사과 한 **개**를 샀어요 = I bought one apple
저는 펜 두 **개**가 더 있어요 = I have two more pens
</Details>
번 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v36.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">counter for behaviors/actions</span>
<Details>
Notes: This can be used to indicate the amount of times something is done. In the end, it acts as an adverb and particles are not usually attached to it.
Example:
저는 한국에 5**번** 갔어요 = I went to Korea 5 <strong>times</strong>
저는 학교에 몇 **번** 갔어요 = I went to school a few/some **times**
</Details>
명 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v37.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">counter for people</span>
<Details>
Example:
사람 두 **명**이 왔어요 = two people came
저는 사람 몇 **명**을 만났어요 = I met some people
저는 어제 다섯 **명**의 친구를 만났어요 = I met 5 friends yesterday
</Details>
대 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v38.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">counter for automobiles</span>
<Details>
Example: 저는 차 세 **대**가 있어요 = I have 3 cars
</Details>
잔 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v39.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">counter for a ‘glass’ of \_\_\_\_</span>
<Details>
Common Usages:
맥주 한 잔 = one glass of beer
물 한 잔 = one glass of water
소주 한 잔 = one glass of soju
Example:
아저씨! 맥주 두 **잔** 주세요! = Sir! Two **glasses** of beer, please!
저는 우유 두 **잔**을 마셨어요 = I drank two **glasses** of milk
</Details>
시 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v40.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">“o’clock”</span>
<Details>
Notes: When telling time, “시” is put after the hour. For example: 5시 = 5:00
When talking about “hours,” the word “시간” is used. See [Lesson 11](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-9-16/lesson-11/) for more information.
Example:
지금은 6**시**30분이에요 = Now, it is 6:30
1**시**에서 2**시**까지 오세요 = Please come from 1:00 to 2:00
3**시**까지 기다릴 거예요 = I will wait until 3:00
</Details>
분 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v41.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">minute</span>
<Details>
Notes: When telling time, “분” is put after the minute. It also means “minute” in regular situations. See [Lesson 11](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-9-16/lesson-11/) for more information.
Example:
우리가 30**분** 후에 만날래요? = Shall we meet in 30 **minutes**?
우리학교에서 식당까지 10**분** 걸려요 = It takes 10 **minutes** to get from our school to the restaurant
구름은 5**분** 전에 걷혔어요 = The clouds cleared up 5 **minutes** ago
수업은 2 **분** 후에 끝날 거예요 = Class will finish 2 **minutes** from now
이 버스는 10**분**마다 와요 = This bus comes each/every 10 **minutes**
</Details>
초 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v42.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">second</span>
<Details>
Example:
10 **초** 동안 조금 어색했어요 = It was awkward for 10 <strong>seconds</strong>
저는 2**초** 동안 달렸어요 = I ran for 2 **seconds**
</Details>
살 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v43.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">years old</span>
<Details>
Common Usages:
저는 열여덟 살이에요 = I am 18 years old
몇 살이에요? <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-10-s4.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">How old are you?</span>
Notes: When using a number before “살,” you should use the Korean numbers. However, once you get above 50, it is not uncommon to use the Chinese numbers.
Example:
저의 여자 친구는 스물 **살**이에요 = My girlfriend is 20 **years old**
</Details>
For help memorizing these words, try using our [mobile app](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/app/).
You might also want to try listening to all of the words on loop with this [Vocabulary Practice video]
<YouTube id=cpPFt1taT_A />
<em>There are 1050 vocabulary entries in Unit 1. All entries are linked to an audio file.
You can download all of these files in one package [here](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/audio/).</em>
## Korean Numbers
Korean numbers are actually very easy once you get the hang of them. But, because they are so different from English numbers, it is often hard for English speakers to fully understand them at first.
First thing you need to know, there are two sets of numbers in Korean: The pure Korean numbers and the numbers derived from Chinese (called Sino-Korean numbers). Let’s look at the Sino-Korean numbers first, because they are easier:
### Sino-Korean Numbers
These are the Sino-Korean numbers as provided earlier:
일 = one
이 = two
삼 = three
사 = four
오 = five
육 = six
칠 = seven
팔 = eight
구 = nine
십 = ten
백 = one hundred
천 = one thousand
만 = ten thousand
With only those numbers, you can create any number from 1 – 10 million. All you need to do is put them together:
일 = one (1)
십 = ten (10)
십일 = eleven (10 + 1)
이십 = twenty (2 x 10)
이십일 = twenty one (2 x 10 + 1)
이십이 = twenty two (2 x 10 + 2)
백 = one hundred (100)
백일 = one hundred and one (100 + 1)
백이 = one hundred and two (100 + 2)
백구십 = one hundred and ninety (100 + 90)
구백 = nine hundred (9 x 100)
천 = one thousand (1000)
천구백 = one thousand nine hundred (1000 + 9 x 100)
오천 = five thousand (5 x 1000)
오천육백 = five thousand six hundred (5 x 1000 + 6 x 100)
만 = ten thousand
십만 = one hundred thousand
백만 = one million
천만 = ten million
The Sino-Korean numbers are used in limited situations. As each of these are taught throughout the upcoming lessons, you will slowly learn when to use the Sino-Korean numbers over the Korean numbers. For now, don’t worry about memorizing when they should be used, as it will come naturally.
– When counting/dealing with money
– When measuring
– When doing math
– In phone-numbers
– When talking about/counting time in any way except the hour
– The names of each month
– Counting months (there is another way to count months using pure Korean numbers)
Pure Korean Numbers
These are the pure Korean numbers as provided earlier:
하나 = one
둘 = two
셋 = three
넷 = four
다섯 = five
여섯 = six
일곱 = seven
여덟 = eight
아홉 = nine
열 = ten
스물 = twenty
서른 = thirty
마흔 = forty
쉰 = fifty
Creating numbers 11-19, 21-29, 31-39 (etc..) is easy, and is done like this:
11: 열하나 (10 + 1)
12: 열둘 (10 + 2)
21: 스물하나 (20 + 1)
59: 쉰아홉 (50 + 9)
_Notice that there are no spaces between the words representing numbers for both the Sino-Korean and pure Korean numbers. I discuss this in a [much more difficult lesson](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-6/lessons-126-133/lesson130/) that covers how numbers greater than 10,000 are used. For now, it is more important to focus on how to use simple numbers in sentences._
After 60, regardless of what you are doing, pure Korean numbers are rarely used. I was talking to my wife about this once, and she said that she didn’t think there was even a pure Korean number for 60. I told her “yes, there is: 예순.” To which she replied “Oh yeah, I forgot.” When you get that high (even as high as 40-50) it is not uncommon to use the Sino-Korean numbers instead.
The pure Korean numbers are used when:
– You are counting things/people/actions
– Talking about the hour in time
– Sometimes used when talking about months.
Again, don’t worry about memorizing each of those yet. Whenever I talk about numbers, I will tell you which set you are expected to use.
[![|1157x469](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/App-Ad3.png)](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/app)
Using Numbers
Counters
When counting anything in Korean, you need to use the pure Korean numbers. In addition, one thing that is very hard for English speakers to wrap their head around is that, when counting most things in Korean, you need to also include a ‘counter.’ The most common counters are:
개 = counter for things
명 = counter for people
번 = counter for behaviors/actions
There are many more counters, but if you can’t remember the specific counter of something, you can usually substitute “개” (the counter for “thing”) instead. You will learn the more difficult counters as you progress through future lessons. For now, the goal is to get you accustomed to using these three simple counters.
When counting in English, we usually don’t use counters. Rather we just say: “two people,” as in:
I met two people
But some things in English require the use of these counters. For example, you could not say “I bought two films” (referring to the film in a camera, not a ‘movie’). Instead, you have to say “I bought two **rolls** of film.” The word roll in that sentence is a counter, and is similar to the counters in Korean. The main difference is that counters are used to count almost everything in Korean.
The words 1, 2, 3, 4 and 20 change when adding a counter:
1 = 하나 -> 한
2 = 둘 -> 두
3 = 셋 -> 세
4 = 넷 -> 네
20 = 스물 -> 스무
Place a number, followed by a counter, after a noun to indicate how many of that thing there are. For example:
사람 두 명 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-1.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">2 people</span>
사람 한 명 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-3.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">1 person</span>
펜 다섯 개 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-5.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">5 pens</span>
펜 마흔네 개 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-7.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">44 pens</span>
————
_It is also possible to put the number-counter combination before the noun that is being counted. However, the method shown immediately above is much more common. When placed before the noun, “~의” is added to the counter, for example:_
두 명의 사람 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-2.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">2 people</span>
한 명의 사람 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-4.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">1 person</span>
다섯 개의 펜 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-6.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">5 pens</span>
마흔네 개의 펜 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-8.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">44 pens</span>
*The purpose and function of ~*의 *in this type of construction is discussed in [Lesson 23](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-17-25-2/lesson-23/). As I said, it is usually less common to count using this method, so for now, don’t worry about this grammar. I simply want you to know that it can be done. Pay more attention to the “*사람 두 명*” form instead of the “*두 명의 사람*” form.*
————
When writing out the word instead of using the numeral (for example, writing “한” instead of “1”) the correct form is to have a space between the written number and the counter. For example:
한 개 instead of 한개
두 번 instead of 두번
세 명 instead of 세명
When the Korean numbers are used (i.e. when counting things or actions), the word is more typically used than the numeral. In our lessons, you will usually see the Korean word written out when a counter is used.
In other situations where Sino-Korean numbers are used, there is no difference if you use the Sino-Korean numeral or the word. I will come back to this in the [next lesson](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-9-16/lesson-11/) when you learn applications for Sino-Korean numbers.
These nouns that we have counted can now become the object of a sentence:
나는 펜 네 개를 샀어 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-1.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I bought four pens</span>
나는 햄버거 두 개를 먹었어 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-2.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I ate two hamburgers</span>
나는 어제 친구 다섯 명을 만났어 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-3.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I met five friends yesterday</span>
————
<em>The number-counter combination could also be placed before the noun, as we discussed earlier:</em>
나는 네 개의 펜을 샀어 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-12.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I bought four pens</span>
나는 두 개의 햄버거를 먹었어 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-13.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I ate two hamburgers</span>
나는 어제 다섯 명의 친구를 만났어 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-10-1.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I met five friends yesterday</span>
————
Although the placement of the particles is important for your initial understanding of Korean grammar, eventually, you will become more comfortable with omitting particles altogether. Omitting particles is not something I recommend for a beginner because it is very important that you understand how to use them perfectly for more complex sentences. Nonetheless, most often in speech, particles in this situation are often omitted. For example, you might hear something like this:
나는 펜 네 개 샀어 = I bought 4 pens
In this structure, it is also possible to put the particle on the noun instead of the counter, for example:
나는 펜을 네 개 샀어 = I bought 4 pens
Try not to worry about this too much at this stage, as the following three sentences would sound perfect to Korean people:
나는 펜 네 개 샀어
나는 펜을 네 개 샀어
나는 펜 네 개를 샀어
————
Here are some more examples of counters in use:
그 사람은 차 네 대가 있어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-4.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">That person has four cars</span>
저는 우유 두 잔을 샀어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-5.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I bought two glasses of milk</span>
저는 땅콩 두 개를 먹었어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-6.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I ate two peanuts</span>
[![|1192x292](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/Unit-1-Amazona.png)](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/amazon/)
Zero
I figure since I am talking about numbers, I should mention something about how/when the number zero is used. Just like other numbers, there are two ways to say “zero” in Korea. However, unlike other numbers, both ways of saying “zero” are of Chinese origin.
영, which is (from what I understand), the way Chinese people say “zero”
공, which is sort of like the meaning of “nothing”
That isn’t really very important, but what is important is knowing which word to use in which situation.
You should use “영” when talking about:
- Points that can be given or taken away, like in a game. For example, when saying the score “2 – 0”, you would say “이 대 영”. Another example would be if you are in a quiz show, and you ask your friend how many points she has, she could say “영점”
- The temperature “zero”
- When using numbers in math (which, if you’re just learning Korean now, you probably won’t do for a long time)
You should use “공” when talking about:
- Phone numbers. For example, when saying “010 – 5555 – 5555”, all the zeros should be read as “공.” If you don’t live in Korea, you probably won’t know this, but “010” is the typical area code for a cell phone (in Seoul, at least). Therefore, when giving your phone number, you usually start out by saying “공-일-공”.
번 – Counter of Behavior or Action
번 is a common counter that counts behavior or actions, and is not directly counted with a noun in a sentence. Putting a number before “번” creates an adverb that tells you how many times something was done. It is an adverb, so 를/을 is usually not attached to it.
저는 어제 학교에 세 번 갔어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-18.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I went to school three times yesterday</span>
저는 그 영화를 다섯 번 봤어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-19.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I saw that movie five times</span>
저는 오늘 두 번 운동할 것입니다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-20.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I will exercise twice (two times) today</span>
저는 어제 고기를 두 번 먹었어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-7.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I ate meat twice yesterday</span>
저는 오늘 축구를 네 번 할 거예요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-8.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I will play soccer four times today</span>
This is fairly simple to use, but you will continue to learn about this word in the next lesson when you learn how to say “this time,” “next time,” and “last time.”
Telling Korean Time
There are so many different ways to talk about time (seconds, minutes, hours, days, weeks, months, years, etc…). You will learn more about how to indicate when you did/do/will do something using these ‘time’ words in the [next lesson](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-9-16/lesson-11/). In this lesson, however, you will learn about telling time, as in the time on a clock.
When talking about the hour, as in ‘2 o’clock’ all you need to do is put 시 after a number:
2시 = 2:00 (2 o’clock)
When talking about the minute, add 분 after the number:
2시 30분 = 2:30
The pure Korean numbers are used when saying the hour number, whereas the Sino-Korean numbers are used when saying the minute number. For example:
2시 30분 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-23.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">2:30, or</span>
두 시 삼십 분 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-23.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">Two thirty</span>
Earlier in the lesson I said that when a pure Korean number is used with a counter, it is more commonly written out instead of using the numeral. In this case, “시” could be seen as a counter as we are counting “hours.” However, writing the numeral or the word is equally as common and acceptable when referring to the time. In my case, I much prefer to use the numeral instead of the word.
To indicate the minute, Sino-Korean numbers are used and (just like all times when Sino-Korean numbers are used) there is no difference if you use the numeral or the word. I prefer to use the numeral in these cases.
The spacing of these also needs to be discussed. As I mentioned earlier, when a written number is placed before a counter, there should be a space between the number and the counter. This is true for the number before “분” as well. For example, if you were writing the words out:
두 시 should be written instead of 두시
삼십 분 should be written instead of 삼십분
However, when using the numeral, it is acceptable to omit the space and attach the numeral directly with the following counter. For example:
[2시 30분](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-23.mp3)
Officially, there should be a space. However, most people do not include a space and it is also seen as correct to omit it. Other examples:
3시 10분 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-24.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">3:10</span>
세 시 십 분 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-24.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">Three ten</span>
12시 50분 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-25.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">12:50</span>
열두 시 오십 분 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-25.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">Twelve fifty</span>
_You will see more examples of this in the next lesson when you learn more applications of numbers (specifically Sino-Korean numbers). If you can’t get it into your brain yet, it will be easier when you see more examples in the next lesson._
These times can now go in a sentence as usual by adding 에 to indicate a time:
나는 5시에 먹을 거야 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-26.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I will eat at 5:00</span>
나는 2시 30분에 왔어 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-10-2.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I came at 2:30</span>
[우리는 야구를 1시에 할 거예요 ](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-9.mp3)= We will play baseball at 1:00
우리는 7시 20분에 시작할 거예요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-10-s1.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">We will start at 7:20</span>
Age
When indicating how old a person is, you should use pure Korean numbers along with the word “살” which is a counter for ages. For example:
저는 열 살이에요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-10-s2.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I am ten years old</span>
저의 여자 친구는 스물여섯 살이에요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-10-s3.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">My girlfriend is twenty six years old</span>
It would sound weird to use the Sino-Korean numbers to indicate the age of somebody who is under thirty. However, after thirty, it is not uncommon to use the Sino-Korean numbers instead of the pure Korean numbers. The older the age, the more likely you will hear the Sino-Korean number used instead of the pure Korean number. After 50, you are most likely to exclusively hear the Sino-Korean numbers.
You haven’t learned how to ask questions yet, so it is difficult for me to explain how to ask about a person’s age. You will understand the following sentence better once you are confident with the content introduced in [Lessons 21](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-17-25-2/lesson-21-asking-questions-in-korean-why-when-where-and-who/) and [22](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-17-25-2/lesson-22/). Nonetheless, it would be good to memorize this sentence because of how common of a question it is:
몇 살이에요? <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-10-s4.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">How old are you?</span>
번째: First, Second, Third, etc…
번째 can be used after a number like a counter to mean first/second/third/etc. When saying “first”, “첫” replaces “한”.
For example:
첫 번째 = first
저의 첫 번째 친구는 착했어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-33.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">My first friend was nice</span>
저는 첫 번째 차를 싫어했어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-10.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I didn’t like that first car</span>
_If you think that is confusing, explain how ‘one’ gets changed to ‘first,’ ‘two’ gets changed to ‘second’ and ‘three’ gets changed to ‘third.’_
After “first,” you can use the regular Korean numbers. Just like with counters, the numbers 2 – 4 change when 번째 follows. For example:
두 번째 = second
그 두 번째 선생님은 똑똑했어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-35.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">That second teacher was smart</span>
저는 두 번째 남자를 골랐어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-11.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I chose the second man</span>
세 번째 = third
이 여권은 저의 세 번째 여권이에요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-12.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">This passport is my third passport</span>
저는 세 번째 문을 열었어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-13.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I opened the third door</span>
네 번째 = fourth
저는 네 번째 사람이었어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-14.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I was the fourth person</span>
이 아이는 저의 네 번째 아들이에요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-15.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">This person is my fourth son</span>
After the number four, the words don’t change when adding 번째. For example:
이 수업은 오늘 저의 열 번째 수업입니다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-16.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">This is my tenth class today</span>
저는 백 번째 페이지를 읽었어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-17.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I read the 100th page</span>
Sometimes you might see these numbers + counters used in the following way:
첫 번째 = 첫째 = first
두 번째 = 둘째 = second
세 번째 = 셋째 = third
네 번째 = 넷째 = fourth
etc.…
[Here is a video explaining a Korean sign that uses this idea of shortening 첫 번째 to 첫째]
<YouTube id=Cej5MSedaxQ />
.
These shortened forms can’t be used in as many situations as their longer counterparts. The most common situation where these are used is when talking about your first/second/third/etc. children. For example:
우리 둘째 아들은 고등학생이에요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-18.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">Our second son is a high school student</span>
우리 셋째 아이는 야구를 좋아해요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-19.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">Our third child likes baseball</span>
이 아이는 우리 첫째 아들이에요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-20.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">This (child) is our first son</span>
In these cases, it is common to just refer to the child as “one’s first” or “one’s second.” We often do the same thing in English. For example:
우리 둘째는 고등학생이에요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-21.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">Our second (child) is a high school student</span>
우리 셋째는 야구를 좋아해요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-22.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">Our third (child) likes baseball</span>
이 아이는 우리 첫째예요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-23.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">This (child) is our first (child)</span>
However, as I mentioned, it would be unnatural to use these words in sentences like this:
저는 셋째 문을 열었어요 (very understandable, but awkward)
저는 넷째 사람이었어요 (very understandable, but awkward)
Another place you will see words like 첫째 and 둘째 is when making lists about things that need to be done, and the speaker/writer is indicating “Firstly… and then secondly…” For example:
첫째, 저는 야채를 많이 먹겠습니다 = First, I will eat a lot of vegetables
둘째, 저는 매일 운동하겠습니다 = Second, I will exercise everyday
_I didn’t make audio recordings for the above sentences because I feel they would more likely be written than spoken._
Another useful word is 마지막 which often translates to ‘last.’ It is often confusing for English speakers to understand the usage of 마지막 at first because the word “last” has more than one usage in English. 마지막 is used to refer to the _final_ (last) thing at the end of sequence… as in “first meal… second meal… third meal… fourth meal… final (last) meal.” It is not used to refer to a “previous” thing. Notice the difference between these two usages of “last night”:
Last night (the previous night) I went to the movies
The last night (the final night) of our trip was the best
The second example would be where you could use 마지막, because you are referring to the _final_ (last) night of a sequence of nights on a trip. In the first example, you are talking about the previous night. I will introduce how you can refer to a “previous” thing in the next lesson where I introduce 지난.
Here are some examples of 마지막 in use:
이것은 저의 마지막 수업이에요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-49.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">This is my last class</span>
저는 마지막 것을 안 봤어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-50.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I didn’t see the last thing (I didn’t see that last one)</span>
In these examples, 마지막 is being used as a descriptive word, even though it is not an adjective in its original form (it is not an adjective because it does not end in 다, and cannot be conjugated). Words can be used this way in English as well. The word “face” is a noun. But in the sentence “I put on face paint,” the word “face” describes the type of paint you used. Similarly, you could say “that is a computer room,” where the word “computer” is describing the room.
처음– First Time
처음 is a very complex word that can be used in many situations. I have been studying Korean for years and I still don’t know how to use it perfectly in all situations. It can be used in sentences when you are talking about the first time something is being done. It can be used as a noun or an adverb, depending on the situation (which adds to it’s complexity). The two most common situations are:
1. 처음에 … (at first/in the beginning)
[처음에 그 여자를 싫어했어요](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-51.mp3) = I didn’t like that girl at first
[저는 처음에 체육 수업을 싫어했어요](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson10-Feb-10-24.mp3) = At first I didn’t like PE class
2. Put in a sentence as an adverb to indicate this is the first time something has happened:
[저는 어제 선생님을 처음 만났어요](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-53.mp3) = I met my teacher for the first time yesterday
[저는 내일 한국에 처음 갈 것입니다](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-54.mp3) = I will go to Korea for the first time tomorrow
You’ve gotten this far! You can’t stop now! Haha. The learning curve now is still fairly steep, but it will get much easier in the future. As I keep saying, having a good solid base in the fundamental grammar concepts of Korean will help you tons later on!
[Okay, I got it! Take me to the next lesson! ](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/?page_id=872)Or,
[Click here for a workbook to go along with this lesson.](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/workbooks#Unit1916)
That’s it for lesson!
<em>There are 1250 example sentences in Unit 1.
All entries are linked to an audio file. You can download all of these files in one package [here](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/audio/).</em>
## Summary
<YouTube id=aR9_oU2cWoQ />
Want to try to create some sentences using the vocabulary and grammar from this lesson?
This YouTube video will prompt you to translate English sentences into Korean using the concepts from this lesson.
---
<YouTube id=Oit0Z38ruZw />
Want to practice your listening skills?
This YouTube video will prompt you with Korean sentences to dictate using the concepts from this lesson.
---
The following videos are available to reinforce the concepts taught in this lesson:
[Lesson Recap]
<YouTube id=p62K0zntXno />