diff --git a/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/18-present-progressive.md b/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/18-present-progressive.md index c539e7a..c8beaf9 100644 --- a/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/18-present-progressive.md +++ b/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/18-present-progressive.md @@ -1,7 +1,387 @@ +--- +vocabulary: + nouns: + - ko: 원숭이 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson18v1.mp3 + en: monkey + examples: + - ko: 대부분의 **원숭이**는 나무에서 살아요 + en: Most **monkeys** live in trees + - ko: 너는 **원숭이** 같이 보여 + en: You look like a **monkey** + - ko: "**원숭이**는 바나나를 많이 먹어요" + en: "**Monkeys** eat bananas" + + - ko: 교과목 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson18v2.mp3 + en: subject in school + examples: + - ko: 캐나다 선생님들은 항상 두 개의 **교과목**을 가르쳐요 + en: Canadian teachers always teach two **subjects** + - ko: 학생들은 **교과목** 두 개 중에 하나를 선택해야 해요 + en: Students must choose one out of the two **subjects** + + - ko: 교과서 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson18v3.mp3 + en: textbook + examples: + - ko: 학교는 학생들한테 **교과서**를 제공하지 않아요 + en: The school doesn't provide **textbooks** to the students + + - ko: 소문 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson18v4.mp3 + en: rumor + notes: | +

Often used with the ~는 것 conjugation of ~ㄴ/는다는 것. See Lesson 52 for more information.

+ examples: + - ko: 그 여자의 남편이 비서랑 바람을 피운다는 **소문**이 있어요 + en: There is a **rumor** that that woman's husband is having an affair with his secretary + - ko: 저는 친구를 통해 **소문**을 들었어요 + en: I heard a **rumor** from my friend + + - ko: 충전기 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson18v5.mp3 + en: charger + notes: 충전하다 means "to charge." + examples: + - ko: "**충전기**가 없어서 핸드폰 **충전**을 못 해요" + en: I can't **charge** my phone because I don't have the **charger** + + - ko: 청구서 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson18v6.mp3 + en: bill + examples: + - ko: 저는 은행에서 **청구서**를 냈어요 + en: I paid the **bill** at the bank + + - ko: 계산원 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson18v7.mp3 + en: cashier + notes: | +

The pronunciation of this word is closer to "계사눤"

+

계산하다 means "to pay" or "to calculate"

+ examples: + - ko: "**계산원**들은 돈을 많이 벌지 않아요" + en: "**Cashiers** don't earn a lot of money" + + - ko: 계산기 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson18v8.mp3 + en: calculator + notes: 계산하다 means "to pay" or "to calculate" + examples: + - ko: 한국학생들은 수학문제를 **계산기** 없이 풀어요 + en: Korean students solve math problems without **calculators** + + - ko: 출장 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson18v9.mp3 + en: business trip + notes: The pronunciation of this word is closer to "출짱" + examples: + - ko: 부장님은 내일까지 **출장**을 갔어요 + en: The boss went on a **business trip** until tomorrow + + - ko: 밥솥 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson18v10.mp3 + en: rice cooker + notes: The pronunciation of this word is closer to "밥쏟" + examples: + - ko: 한국에서는 모든 집에 **밥솥**이 있어요 + en: All houses in Korea have a **rice cooker** + + - ko: 소설 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson18v11.mp3 + en: novel + examples: + - ko: "어떤 **소설**을 읽고 있어요?" + en: Which **novel** are you reading? + - ko: "**소설가**의 설명은 아주 섬세해요" + en: The **novelist's** explanation is very delicate/sophisticated + + - ko: 백과사전 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson18v12.mp3 + en: encyclopedia + examples: + - ko: 저는 그 사실을 **백과사전**에 찾았어요 + en: I looked up that fact in an **encyclopedia** + + - ko: 전공 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson18v13.mp3 + en: major (in university) + examples: + - ko: 대학생 때 저의 **전공**은 영어였어요 + en: In University, my **major** was English + + - ko: 가위 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson18v14.mp3 + en: scissors + examples: + - ko: 종이를 가위로 **잘라요** + en: To cut paper with **scissors** + + - ko: 팀 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson18v15.mp3 + en: team + examples: + - ko: 우리는 좋은 공격으로 그 **팀**을 이겼어요 + en: We beat that **team** using good offense + - ko: 우리는 다른 **팀**을 농구경기에서 이겼어요 + en: We beat the other **team** in the basketball game + + - ko: 부모님 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson18v16.mp3 + en: parents + examples: + - ko: 그의 **부모님**은 아직 미국에서 살아요 + en: His **parents** still live in America + - ko: "**부모님**들은 아이에 큰 영향을 준다/미친다" + en: "**parents** have a big influence on their children" + - ko: "**부모님**들은 아이에 영향을 미친다" + en: "**Parents** have an influence on their children" + - ko: "**부모님** 앞에서 그렇게 행동하지 마세요" + en: Don't act that way in front of your **parents** + - ko: 제가 저의 여자 친구의 **부모님**을 만날 때마다 저는 너무 긴장돼요 + en: Every time I meet my girlfriend's **parents**, I am very nervous + + - ko: 피부 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson18v17.mp3 + en: skin + examples: + - ko: 그 여자의 피부가 너무 **부드러워요** + en: That girl's **skin** is very smooth + - ko: 유럽 사람의 **피부**는 하얘요 + en: European people's **skin** is white + + - ko: 군대 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson18v19.mp3 + en: army + examples: + - ko: 저의 사촌은 **군대**에 갔어요 + en: My cousin went to the **army** + - ko: 미국**군대**는 한국**군대**보다 더 커요 + en: The American **military** is bigger than the Korean **military** + + - ko: 군인 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson18v20.mp3 + en: soldier + notes: The pronunciation of this word is closer to "구닌" + examples: + - ko: "**군인**들은 매일 일찍 일어나야 돼요" + en: "**Soldiers** have to wake up early every day" + - ko: "**군인**들은 적의 덫에서 못 빠져나갔어요" + en: The **soldiers** could not escape the enemy's trap + + - ko: 지도 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson18v21.mp3 + en: map + examples: + - ko: 저는 **지도**를 벽에 걸었어요 + en: I hung a **map** on the wall + + - ko: 책상 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson18v22.mp3 + en: desk + notes: The pronunciation of this word is closer to "책쌍" + examples: + - ko: "**책상**에 책 몇 권이 놓여 있어요" + en: There are some books on the **desk** + - ko: "**책상**이 너무 복잡해서 책을 조금 치워야 돼요" + en: I need to clean up (organize) the books a bit because my **desk** is very messy/unorganized + + - ko: 어깨 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson18v23.mp3 + en: shoulder + examples: + - ko: 저는 가방을 **어깨**에 멨어요 + en: I put the bag on my **shoulders** + + - ko: 백화점 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson18v24.mp3 + en: department store + notes: The pronunciation of this word is closer to "배콰점" + examples: + - ko: "**백화점**에 옷이 너무 비싸요" + en: Clothes are too expensive in **department stores** + - ko: "**백화점**에는 외부 주차장도 있어요" + en: There is a parking lot outside the **department store** as well + + - ko: 대학생 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson18v25.mp3 + en: university student + notes: The pronunciation of this word is closer to "대학쌩" + examples: + - ko: 저는 **대학생**이에요 + en: I am a **university student** + - ko: 저의 누나는 **대학생**이에요 + en: My older sister is a **university student** + - ko: 우리 아들은 지금 **대학생**이에요 + en: Our son is a **university student** now + - ko: "**대학생** 때 저의 전공은 영어였어요" + en: In **University**, my major was English + + - ko: 중학교 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson18v26.mp3 + en: middle school + notes: The pronunciation of this word is closer to "중학꾜" + examples: + - ko: 저는 영어를 **중학교**에서 배웠어요 + en: I learned English in **middle school** + - ko: Harry Potter의 독자들은 보통 **중학교** 혹은 고등학생이에요 + en: Most readers of Harry Potter are **middle** or high **school** students + + - ko: 가수 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson18v27.mp3 + en: singer + examples: + - ko: 그 **가수**는 한국에서 매우 유명해요 + en: That **singer** is very famous in Korea + + - ko: 공기 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson18v28.mp3 + en: air + examples: + - ko: 캐나다 **공기**는 아주 건조해요 + en: The **air** in Canada is very dry + - ko: "**공기**가 나빠서 저는 숨을 못 쉬어요" + en: I can't breathe because the **air** is bad + + - ko: 새벽 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson18v29.mp3 + en: dawn + notes: | +

The word 오전 generally refers to anything before noon, but 새벽 is used to refer to something that is really early in the morning. Typically, 새벽 refers to the time before the sun rises.

+

This word appears in my Korean Sign Explanation Video #1.

+

+ examples: + - ko: 저는 매일 **새벽** 5시에 일어나요 + en: I wake up every day at 5 **a.m**. + + - ko: 내부 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson18v37.mp3 + en: inside part + notes: | +

It is easy to understand the meaning of 내부 and 외부 if you understand their simple Hanja origins. 내 (內) means "inside" and 외 (外) means "outside." You don't need to worry about the Chinese characters just yet, but knowing that 외 and 내 usually have these meanings can help you tremendously when learning new words. If you want to go further, 부 (部) (as in, 내부 and 외부) means "part." 내부 then means "the inside part/the inside", and 외부 means "the outside part/the outside."

+ examples: + - ko: 스타벅스의 **내부** 분위기는 매우 안락해요 + en: The atmosphere **inside** Starbucks is very comfortable + + - ko: 외부 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson18v38.mp3 + en: outside part + notes: | +

It is easy to understand the meaning of 내부 and 외부 if you understand their simple Hanja origins. 내 (內) means "inside" and 외 (外) means "outside." You don't need to worry about the Chinese characters just yet, but knowing that 외 and 내 usually have these meanings can help you tremendously when learning new words. If you want to go further, 부 (部) (as in, 내부 and 외부) means "part." 내부 then means "the inside part/the inside", and 외부 means "the outside part/the outside."

+ examples: + - ko: "**백화점**에는 **외부** 주차장도 있어요" + en: There is a parking lot **outside** the department store as well + - ko: 이 쪽은 건물 **외부**로 나갈 수 있는 길이다 + en: This way/direction will take you **outside** (to the **outer part** of the) the building + + verbs: + - ko: 자르다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson18v30.mp3 + en: to cut + notes: 자르다 follows the 르 irregular + examples: + - ko: 저는 어제 미용실에서 머리를 **잘랐어요** + en: I got my hair **cut** in the beauty parlor yesterday + - ko: 손톱을 왜 이렇게 짧게 **잘랐어요**? + en: Why did you **cut** your nails so short (like this)? + - ko: 옆 집에서 사는 사람은 그 소나무를 **잘랐을** 것 같아요 + en: It seems like the person who lives in the house next door **cut** the pine tree + + - ko: 요청하다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson18v31.mp3 + en: to ask, to request + examples: + - ko: 저는 선생님에게 숙제에 대한 설명을 **요청했어요** + en: I **asked** the teacher for an explanation of the homework + + - ko: 젖다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson18v34.mp3 + en: to be wet + notes: The pronunciation of this word is closer to "젇따" + examples: + - ko: 수영장에 들어간 후에 옷이 완전히 **젖었어요** + en: My clothes are completely **wet** after going into the pool + - ko: 빨래를 다 하고 **젖은** 옷을 줄에 걸었는데 빨래가 무거워서 줄이 바닥으로 늘어졌어요 + en: After doing the laundry, I hung the **wet** clothes on the line, but the laundry (clothes) were so heavy the line drooped to the floor + + adjectives: + - ko: 궁금하다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson18v32.mp3 + en: to be curious about + notes: | +

궁금하다 often translates to "to wonder," which makes learners assume that it is a verb. Rather, 궁금하다 is an adjective and is more about the feeling of wondering (or being curious) about something.

+ examples: + - ko: 그가 언제 올지 **궁금해요** + en: I **wonder** when he is coming + - ko: 그 여자의 나이가 **궁금해서** 몇 살인지 물어봤어요 + en: I was **curious** of that girl's age, so I asked how old she is + + - ko: 안타깝다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson18v33.mp3 + en: to be unfortunate + notes: | +

The pronunciation of this word is closer to "안타깝따"

+

안타깝다 follows the ㅂ irregular

+ examples: + - ko: 엄마가 우리랑 같이 못 먹어서 **안타까워요** + en: It's **too bad** that your mom can't eat with us + - ko: 상황이 조금 **안타깝지만** 어쩔 수 없다 + en: The situation is **unfortunate**, but there is nothing we can do (about it) + - ko: 너무 **안타까워서** 내일 그 왕따를 놀리지 말자 + en: Let's not tease that outcast tomorrow because it is too **sad**/**sorry** (of a situation) + - ko: 성공하기 위해 매일 애쓰는 사람들을 보면 대단하면서도 **안타까워요** + en: When I see people struggling to try to succeed, it is amazing but also **sad** at the same time + + adverbs: + - ko: 주로 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson18v36.mp3 + en: mainly, mostly + notes: 주로 is an adverb that sounds a lot like an adjective in sentences. It is often put before nouns (like adjectives) to mean "mainly/mostly (noun)." + examples: + - ko: 저의 친구는 **주로** 남자예요 + en: My friends are **mostly** men + - ko: 저는 **주로** 과일과 야채를 먹어요 + en: I **mainly** eat fruits and vegetables + + - ko: 이쪽 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/37.mp3 + en: this direction + examples: + - ko: 사방을 살피고 저쪽으로나 **이쪽**으로 가세요 + en: Look both ways (all ways) and then go **this way** or that way + - ko: 저쪽으로 가면 앞문이 나오며 **이쪽**으로 가면 뒷문이 나와요 + en: If you go that way, you will see the front door, and if you go **this way**, you will see the back door + + - ko: 그쪽 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/38.mp3 + en: that direction + examples: + - ko: "**그쪽**으로 가면 안 돼요" + en: You shouldn't go **that way** + - ko: "**그쪽**으로 가는 게 나을 것 같아요" + en: Going **that way** is probably better + + - ko: 저쪽 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson18v39.mp3 + en: that direction + examples: + - ko: 우리는 **저쪽**으로 가야 돼요 + en: We need to go in **that direction** + - ko: 그 사람이 **저쪽**으로 갔어요 + en: That person went (in) **that direction** + - ko: 사방을 살피고 **저쪽**으로나 이쪽으로 가세요 + en: Look both ways (all ways) and then go this way or **that way** + - ko: "**저쪽**으로 가면 앞문이 나오며 이쪽으로 가면 뒷문이 나와요" + en: If you go **that way**, you will see the front door, and if you go that way, you will see the back door +--- + # Lesson 18: Present Progressive \~고 있다; To be Getting \~아/어지다 ## Vocabulary + + ### Nouns 원숭이 = monkey @@ -9,9 +389,10 @@
Example: -대부분의 **원숭이**는 나무에서 살아요 = Most **monkeys** live in trees -너는 **원숭이** 같이 보여 = You look like a **monkey** -**원숭이**는 바나나를 많이 먹어요 = **Monkeys** eat bananas + +- 대부분의 **원숭이**는 나무에서 살아요 = Most **monkeys** live in trees +- 너는 **원숭이** 같이 보여 = You look like a **monkey** +- **원숭이**는 바나나를 많이 먹어요 = **Monkeys** eat bananas
@@ -20,8 +401,9 @@ Example:
Examples: -캐나다 선생님들은 항상 두 개의 **교과목**을 가르쳐요 = Canadian teachers always teach two **subjects** -학생들은 **교과목** 두 개 중에 하나를 선택해야 해요 = Students must choose one out of the two **subjects** + +- 캐나다 선생님들은 항상 두 개의 **교과목**을 가르쳐요 = Canadian teachers always teach two **subjects** +- 학생들은 **교과목** 두 개 중에 하나를 선택해야 해요 = Students must choose one out of the two **subjects**
@@ -30,11 +412,13 @@ Examples:
Common Usages: -영어교과서 = English textbook -교과서로 공부하다 = to study using a textbook + +- 영어교과서 = English textbook +- 교과서로 공부하다 = to study using a textbook Example: -학교는 학생들한테 **교과서**를 제공하지 않아요 = The school doesn’t provide **textbooks** to the students + +- 학교는 학생들한테 **교과서**를 제공하지 않아요 = The school doesn’t provide **textbooks** to the students
@@ -43,14 +427,18 @@ Example:
Common Usages -헛소문 = false rumor -소문을 내다 = to spread rumors -Notes: Often used with the \~는 것 conjugation of \~ㄴ/는다는 것. See [Lesson 52](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-3-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-3-lessons-51-58/lesson-52/ "Lesson 52: Quoting in Korean (~ㄴ/는다고)") for more information. +- 헛소문 = false rumor +- 소문을 내다 = to spread rumors + +Notes: + +Often used with the \~는 것 conjugation of \~ㄴ/는다는 것. See [Lesson 52](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-3-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-3-lessons-51-58/lesson-52/ "Lesson 52: Quoting in Korean (~ㄴ/는다고)") for more information. Example: -그 여자의 남편이 비서랑 바람을 피운다는 **소문**이 있어요 = There is a **rumor** that that woman’s husband is having an affair with his secretary -저는 친구를 통해 **소문**을 들었어요 = I heard a **rumor** from my friend + +- 그 여자의 남편이 비서랑 바람을 피운다는 **소문**이 있어요 = There is a **rumor** that that woman’s husband is having an affair with his secretary +- 저는 친구를 통해 **소문**을 들었어요 = I heard a **rumor** from my friend
@@ -59,12 +447,16 @@ Example:
Common Usages: -핸드폰 충전기 = cell phone charger -Notes: 충전하다 means “to charge.” +- 핸드폰 충전기 = cell phone charger + +Notes: + +충전하다 means “to charge.” Example: -**충전기**가 없어서 핸드폰 충전을 못 해요 = I can’t charge my phone because I don’t have the **charger** + +- **충전기**가 없어서 핸드폰 **충전**을 못 해요 = I can’t **charge** my phone because I don’t have the **charger**
@@ -73,12 +465,14 @@ Example:
Common Usages: -청구서를 내다 = to pay a bill -전기요금청구서 = electricity bill -가스청구서 = gas bill + +- 청구서를 내다 = to pay a bill +- 전기요금청구서 = electricity bill +- 가스청구서 = gas bill Example: -저는 은행에서 **청구서**를 냈어요 = I paid the **bill** at the bank + +- 저는 은행에서 **청구서**를 냈어요 = I paid the **bill** at the bank
@@ -88,10 +482,13 @@ Example: The pronunciation of this word is closer to “계사눤” -Notes: 계산하다 means “to pay” or “to calculate” +Notes: + +계산하다 means “to pay” or “to calculate” Example: -**계산원**들은 돈을 많이 벌지 않아요 = **Cashiers** don’t earn a lot of money + +- **계산원**들은 돈을 많이 벌지 않아요 = **Cashiers** don’t earn a lot of money @@ -99,10 +496,13 @@ Example:
-Notes: 계산하다 means “to pay” or “to calculate” +Notes: + +계산하다 means “to pay” or “to calculate” Example: -한국학생들은 수학문제를 **계산기** 없이 풀어요 = Korean students solve math problems without **calculators** + +- 한국학생들은 수학문제를 **계산기** 없이 풀어요 = Korean students solve math problems without **calculators**
@@ -113,11 +513,13 @@ Example: The pronunciation of this word is closer to “출짱” Common Usages: -출장비 = business trip expense -출장을 가다 = to go on a business trip + +- 출장비 = business trip expense +- 출장을 가다 = to go on a business trip Example: -부장님은 내일까지 **출장**을 갔어요 = The boss went on a **business trip** until tomorrow + +- 부장님은 내일까지 **출장**을 갔어요 = The boss went on a **business trip** until tomorrow @@ -128,10 +530,12 @@ Example: The pronunciation of this word is closer to “밥쏟” Common Usages: -밥솥에 밥을 짓다 = to make rice in a rice cooker + +- 밥솥에 밥을 짓다 = to make rice in a rice cooker Example: -한국에서는 모든 집에 **밥솥**이 있어요 = All houses in Korea have a **rice cooker** + +- 한국에서는 모든 집에 **밥솥**이 있어요 = All houses in Korea have a **rice cooker** @@ -140,13 +544,15 @@ Example:
Common Usages: -소설가 = a novelist -단편소설 = short story novel -장편소설 = full length novel + +- 소설가 = a novelist +- 단편소설 = short story novel +- 장편소설 = full length novel Example: -어떤 **소설**을 읽고 있어요? Which **novel** are you reading? -**소설가**의 설명은 아주 섬세해요 = The **novelist’s** explanation is very delicate/sophisticated + +- 어떤 **소설**을 읽고 있어요? = Which **novel** are you reading? +- **소설가**의 설명은 아주 섬세해요 = The **novelist’s** explanation is very delicate/sophisticated
@@ -155,11 +561,13 @@ Example:
Common Usages: -위키백과 = Wikipedia -백과사전에서 찾다 = to look up in an encyclopedia + +- 위키백과 = Wikipedia +- 백과사전에서 찾다 = to look up in an encyclopedia Example: -저는 그 사실을 **백과사전**에 찾았어요 = I looked up that fact in an **encyclopedia** + +- 저는 그 사실을 **백과사전**에 찾았어요 = I looked up that fact in an **encyclopedia**
@@ -168,12 +576,14 @@ Example:
Common Usages: -부전공 = minor -경제를 전공하다 = to major in economics -외국어를 전공하다 = to major in foreign languages + +- 부전공 = minor +- 경제를 전공하다 = to major in economics +- 외국어를 전공하다 = to major in foreign languages Example: -대학생 때 저의 **전공**은 영어였어요 = In University, my **major** was English + +- 대학생 때 저의 **전공**은 영어였어요 = In University, my **major** was English
@@ -182,10 +592,12 @@ Example:
Common Usages: -가위로 자르다 = to cut with scissors + +- 가위로 자르다 = to cut with scissors Example: -종이를 가위로 **잘라요** = To cut paper with **scissors** + +- 종이를 가위로 **잘라요** = To cut paper with **scissors**
@@ -194,15 +606,17 @@ Example:
Common Usages: -우리 팀 = our team -홈팀 = home team -원정 팀 = visiting team -팀을 응원하다 = to cheer for a team -팀장 = the leader of a team (usually a team within a business) + +- 우리 팀 = our team +- 홈팀 = home team +- 원정 팀 = visiting team +- 팀을 응원하다 = to cheer for a team +- 팀장 = the leader of a team (usually a team within a business) Example: -우리는 좋은 공격으로 그 **팀**을 이겼어요 = We beat that **team** using good offense -우리는 다른 **팀**을 농구경기에서 이겼어요 = We beat the other **team** in the basketball game + +- 우리는 좋은 공격으로 그 **팀**을 이겼어요 = We beat that **team** using good offense +- 우리는 다른 **팀**을 농구경기에서 이겼어요 = We beat the other **team** in the basketball game
@@ -211,16 +625,18 @@ Example:
Common Usages: -학부모 = parents of students -부모님을 사랑하다 = to love one’s parents -부모님이 돌아가시다 = a respectful way to say that somebody’s parent has passed away + +- 학부모 = parents of students +- 부모님을 사랑하다 = to love one’s parents +- 부모님이 돌아가시다 = a respectful way to say that somebody’s parent has passed away Example: -그의 **부모님**은 아직 미국에서 살아요 = His **parents** still live in America -**부모님**들은 아이에 큰 영향을 준다/미친다 = **parents** have a big influence on their children -**부모님**들은 아이에 영향을 미친다 = **Parents** have an influence on their children -**부모님** 앞에서 그렇게 행동하지 마세요 = Don’t act that way in front of your **parents** -제가 저의 여자 친구의 **부모님**을 만날 때마다 저는 너무 긴장돼요 = Every time I meet my girlfriend’s **parents**, I am very nervous + +- 그의 **부모님**은 아직 미국에서 살아요 = His **parents** still live in America +- **부모님**들은 아이에 큰 영향을 준다/미친다 = **parents** have a big influence on their children +- **부모님**들은 아이에 영향을 미친다 = **Parents** have an influence on their children +- **부모님** 앞에서 그렇게 행동하지 마세요 = Don’t act that way in front of your **parents** +- 제가 저의 여자 친구의 **부모님**을 만날 때마다 저는 너무 긴장돼요 = Every time I meet my girlfriend’s **parents**, I am very nervous
@@ -229,12 +645,14 @@ Example:
Common Usages: -피부색 = skin color (the color of skin) -피부색깔 = one’s skin color + +- 피부색 = skin color (the color of skin) +- 피부색깔 = one’s skin color Example: -그 여자의 피부가 너무 **부드러워요** = That girl’s **skin** is very smooth -유럽 사람의 **피부**는 하얘요 = European people’s **skin** is white + +- 그 여자의 피부가 너무 **부드러워요** = That girl’s **skin** is very smooth +- 유럽 사람의 **피부**는 하얘요 = European people’s **skin** is white
@@ -243,13 +661,15 @@ Example:
Common Usages: -군대에/를 가다 = to enter the military -군대를 파견하다 = to dispatch an army -군대를 지휘하다 = to command an army + +- 군대에 가다 / 군대를 가다 = to enter the military +- 군대를 파견하다 = to dispatch an army +- 군대를 지휘하다 = to command an army Example: -저의 사촌은 **군대**에 갔어요 = My cousin went to the **army** -미국**군대**는 한국**군대**보다 더 커요 = The American **military** is bigger than the Korean **military** + +- 저의 사촌은 **군대**에 갔어요 = My cousin went to the **army** +- 미국**군대**는 한국**군대**보다 더 커요 = The American **military** is bigger than the Korean **military**
@@ -260,12 +680,14 @@ Example: The pronunciation of this word is closer to “구닌” Common Usages: -군인이 되다 = to become a soldier -군인 생활 = the life of a soldier/soldier life + +- 군인이 되다 = to become a soldier +- 군인 생활 = the life of a soldier/soldier life Example: -**군인**들은 매일 일찍 일어나야 돼요 = **Soldiers** have to wake up early every day -**군인**들은 적의 덫에서 못 빠져나갔어요 = The **soldiers** could not escape the enemy’s trap + +- **군인**들은 매일 일찍 일어나야 돼요 = **Soldiers** have to wake up early every day +- **군인**들은 적의 덫에서 못 빠져나갔어요 = The **soldiers** could not escape the enemy’s trap @@ -274,10 +696,12 @@ Example:
Common Usages: -세계지도 = world map + +- 세계지도 = world map Example: -저는 **지도**를 벽에 걸었어요 = I hung a **map** on the wall + +- 저는 **지도**를 벽에 걸었어요 = I hung a **map** on the wall
@@ -288,8 +712,9 @@ Example: The pronunciation of this word is closer to “책쌍” Example: -**책상**에 책 몇 권이 놓여 있어요 = There are some books on the **desk** -**책상**이 너무 복잡해서 책을 조금 치워야 돼요 = I need to clean up (organize) the books a bit because my **desk** is very messy/unorganized + +- **책상**에 책 몇 권이 놓여 있어요 = There are some books on the **desk** +- **책상**이 너무 복잡해서 책을 조금 치워야 돼요 = I need to clean up (organize) the books a bit because my **desk** is very messy/unorganized @@ -298,11 +723,13 @@ Example:
Common Usages: -어깨에 메다 = to put something on one’s shoulders -어깨를 주무르다 = to massage one’s shoulders + +- 어깨에 메다 = to put something on one’s shoulders +- 어깨를 주무르다 = to massage one’s shoulders Example: -저는 가방을 **어깨**에 멨어요 = I put the bag on my **shoulders** + +- 저는 가방을 **어깨**에 멨어요 = I put the bag on my **shoulders**
@@ -313,12 +740,14 @@ Example: The pronunciation of this word is closer to “배콰점” Common Usages: -롯데 백화점 = Lotte Department Store -현대 백화점 = Hyundai Department Store + +- 롯데 백화점 = Lotte Department Store +- 현대 백화점 = Hyundai Department Store Example: -**백화점**에 옷이 너무 비싸요 = Clothes are too expensive in **department stores** -**백화점**에는 외부 주차장도 있어요 = There is a parking lot outside the **department** **store** as well + +- **백화점**에 옷이 너무 비싸요 = Clothes are too expensive in **department stores** +- **백화점**에는 외부 주차장도 있어요 = There is a parking lot outside the **department store** as well @@ -329,14 +758,16 @@ Example: The pronunciation of this word is closer to “대학쌩” Common Usages: -대학생 때 = when one was a university student -대학생활 = University life + +- 대학생 때 = when one was a university student +- 대학생활 = University life Examples: -저는 **대학생**이에요= I am a **university student** -저의 누나는 **대학생**이에요 = My older sister is a **university student** -우리 아들은 지금 **대학생**이에요 = Our son is a **university student** now -**대학생** 때 저의 전공은 영어였어요 = In **University**, my major was English + +- 저는 **대학생**이에요 = I am a **university student** +- 저의 누나는 **대학생**이에요 = My older sister is a **university student** +- 우리 아들은 지금 **대학생**이에요 = Our son is a **university student** now +- **대학생** 때 저의 전공은 영어였어요 = In **University**, my major was English @@ -347,11 +778,13 @@ Examples: The pronunciation of this word is closer to “중학꾜” Common Usage: -중학교를 다니다 = to attend a middle school + +- 중학교를 다니다 = to attend a middle school Example: -저는 영어를 **중학교**에서 배웠어요 = I learned English in **middle school** -Harry Potter의 독자들은 보통 **중학교** 혹은 고등학생이에요 = Most readers of Harry Potter are **middle** or high **school** students + +- 저는 영어를 **중학교**에서 배웠어요 = I learned English in **middle school** +- Harry Potter의 독자들은 보통 **중학교** 혹은 고등학생이에요 = Most readers of Harry Potter are **middle** or high **school** students @@ -360,7 +793,8 @@ Harry Potter의 독자들은 보통 **중학교** 혹은 고등학생이에요 =
Example: -그 **가수**는 한국에서 매우 유명해요 = That **singer** is very famous in Korea + +- 그 **가수**는 한국에서 매우 유명해요 = That **singer** is very famous in Korea
@@ -369,14 +803,16 @@ Example:
Common Usages: -공기가 맑다 = for the air to be clear -공기가 좋다 = for the air to be good -공기가 나쁘다 for the air to be bad -공기가 건조하다 = for the air to be dry + +- 공기가 맑다 = for the air to be clear +- 공기가 좋다 = for the air to be good +- 공기가 나쁘다 = for the air to be bad +- 공기가 건조하다 = for the air to be dry Example: -캐나다 **공기**는 아주 건조해요 = The **air** in Canada is very dry -**공기**가 나빠서 저는 숨을 못 쉬어요 = I can’t breathe because the **air** is bad + +- 캐나다 **공기**는 아주 건조해요 = The **air** in Canada is very dry +- **공기**가 나빠서 저는 숨을 못 쉬어요 = I can’t breathe because the **air** is bad
@@ -385,13 +821,17 @@ Example:
Common Usages: -새벽에 일어나다 = to wake up early -새벽 2 시에 = at 2:00 in the morning -Notes: The word 오전 generally refers to anything before noon, but 새벽 is used to refer to something that is really early in the morning. Typically, 새벽 refers to the time before the sun rises. +- 새벽에 일어나다 = to wake up early +- 새벽 2 시에 = at 2:00 in the morning + +Notes: + +The word 오전 generally refers to anything before noon, but 새벽 is used to refer to something that is really early in the morning. Typically, 새벽 refers to the time before the sun rises. Example: -저는 매일 **새벽** 5시에 일어나요 = I wake up every day at 5 **a.m**. + +- 저는 매일 **새벽** 5시에 일어나요 = I wake up every day at 5 **a.m**. [This word appears in my Korean Sign Explanation Video #1.] @@ -403,10 +843,11 @@ Example:
-It is easy to understand the meaning of 내부 and 외부 if you understand their simple [Hanja ](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/hanja-unit-1-lessons-1-20/)origins. 내([內](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/hanja-unit-1-lessons-1-20/hanja-lesson-3/ "Hanja Lesson 3: 日, 月, 年, 內, 外")) means “inside” and 외([外](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/hanja-unit-1-lessons-1-20/hanja-lesson-3/ "Hanja Lesson 3: 日, 月, 年, 內, 外")) means “outside.” You don’t need to worry about the Chinese characters just yet, but knowing that 외 and 내 usually have these meanings can help you tremendously when learning new words. If you want to go further, 부([部](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/hanja-unit-1-lessons-1-20/hanja-lesson-17/ "Hanja Lesson 17: 部, 分, 多, 數, 全")) (as in, 내부 and 외부) means “part.” 내부 then means “the inside part/the inside”, and 외부 means “the outside part/the outside.” +It is easy to understand the meaning of 내부 and 외부 if you understand their simple [Hanja](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/hanja-unit-1-lessons-1-20/) origins. 내([內](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/hanja-unit-1-lessons-1-20/hanja-lesson-3/ "Hanja Lesson 3: 日, 月, 年, 內, 外")) means “inside” and 외([外](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/hanja-unit-1-lessons-1-20/hanja-lesson-3/ "Hanja Lesson 3: 日, 月, 年, 內, 外")) means “outside.” You don’t need to worry about the Chinese characters just yet, but knowing that 외 and 내 usually have these meanings can help you tremendously when learning new words. If you want to go further, 부([部](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/hanja-unit-1-lessons-1-20/hanja-lesson-17/ "Hanja Lesson 17: 部, 分, 多, 數, 全")) (as in, 내부 and 외부) means “part.” 내부 then means “the inside part/the inside”, and 외부 means “the outside part/the outside.” Example: -스타벅스의 **내부** 분위기는 매우 안락해요 = The atmosphere **inside** Starbucks is very comfortable + +- 스타벅스의 **내부** 분위기는 매우 안락해요 = The atmosphere **inside** Starbucks is very comfortable
@@ -414,11 +855,12 @@ Example:
-It is easy to understand the meaning of 내부 and 외부 if you understand their simple [Hanja ](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/hanja-unit-1-lessons-1-20/)origins. 내([內](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/hanja-unit-1-lessons-1-20/hanja-lesson-3/ "Hanja Lesson 3: 日, 月, 年, 內, 外")) means “inside” and 외([外](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/hanja-unit-1-lessons-1-20/hanja-lesson-3/ "Hanja Lesson 3: 日, 月, 年, 內, 外")) means “outside.” You don’t need to worry about the Chinese characters just yet, but knowing that 외 and 내 usually have these meanings can help you tremendously when learning new words. If you want to go further, 부([部](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/hanja-unit-1-lessons-1-20/hanja-lesson-17/ "Hanja Lesson 17: 部, 分, 多, 數, 全")) (as in, 내부 and 외부) means “part.” 내부 then means “the inside part/the inside”, and 외부 means “the outside part/the outside.” +It is easy to understand the meaning of 내부 and 외부 if you understand their simple [Hanja](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/hanja-unit-1-lessons-1-20/) origins. 내([內](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/hanja-unit-1-lessons-1-20/hanja-lesson-3/ "Hanja Lesson 3: 日, 月, 年, 內, 外")) means “inside” and 외([外](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/hanja-unit-1-lessons-1-20/hanja-lesson-3/ "Hanja Lesson 3: 日, 月, 年, 內, 外")) means “outside.” You don’t need to worry about the Chinese characters just yet, but knowing that 외 and 내 usually have these meanings can help you tremendously when learning new words. If you want to go further, 부([部](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/hanja-unit-1-lessons-1-20/hanja-lesson-17/ "Hanja Lesson 17: 部, 分, 多, 數, 全")) (as in, 내부 and 외부) means “part.” 내부 then means “the inside part/the inside”, and 외부 means “the outside part/the outside.” Example: -백화점에는 **외부** 주차장도 있어요 = There is a parking lot **outside** the department store as well -이 쪽은 건물 **외부**로 나갈 수 있는 길이다 = This way/direction will take you **outside** (to the **outer part** of the) the building + +- 백화점에는 **외부** 주차장도 있어요 = There is a parking lot **outside** the department store as well +- 이 쪽은 건물 **외부**로 나갈 수 있는 길이다 = This way/direction will take you **outside** (to the **outer part** of the) the building
@@ -431,13 +873,15 @@ Example: 자르다 follows the 르 irregular Common Usages: -머리를 자르다 = to cut one’s hair -사람을 자르다 = to fire a person (literally “to cut a person”) + +- 머리를 자르다 = to cut one’s hair +- 사람을 자르다 = to fire a person (literally “to cut a person”) Example: -저는 어제 미용실에서 머리를 **잘랐어요** = I got my hair **cut** in the beauty parlor yesterday -손톱을 왜 이렇게 짧게 **잘랐어요**? = Why did you **cut** your nails so short (like this)? -옆 집에서 사는 사람은 그 소나무를 **잘랐을** 것 같아요 = It seems like the person who lives in the house next door **cut** the pine tree + +- 저는 어제 미용실에서 머리를 **잘랐어요** = I got my hair **cut** in the beauty parlor yesterday +- 손톱을 왜 이렇게 짧게 **잘랐어요**? = Why did you **cut** your nails so short (like this)? +- 옆 집에서 사는 사람은 그 소나무를 **잘랐을** 것 같아요 = It seems like the person who lives in the house next door **cut** the pine tree
@@ -446,10 +890,12 @@ Example:
Common Usages: -도움을 요청하다 (to ask for help) + +- 도움을 요청하다 = to ask for help Example: -저는 선생님에게 숙제에 대한 설명을 **요청했어요** = I **asked** the teacher for an explanation of the homework + +- 저는 선생님에게 숙제에 대한 설명을 **요청했어요** = I **asked** the teacher for an explanation of the homework
@@ -460,10 +906,9 @@ Example: The pronunciation of this word is closer to “젇따” Example: -수영장에 들어간 후에 옷이 완전히 **젖었어요** = My clothes are completely **wet** after going into the pool -빨래를 다 하고 **젖은** 옷을 줄에 걸었는데 빨래가 무거워서 줄이 바닥으로 늘어[u]졌어요[/u] -= After doing the laundry, I hung the **wet** clothes on the line, but the laundry (clothes) were so heavy the line drooped to the floor +- 수영장에 들어간 후에 옷이 완전히 **젖었어요** = My clothes are completely **wet** after going into the pool +- 빨래를 다 하고 **젖은** 옷을 줄에 걸었는데 빨래가 무거워서 줄이 바닥으로 늘어졌어요 = After doing the laundry, I hung the **wet** clothes on the line, but the laundry (clothes) were so heavy the line drooped to the floor @@ -473,14 +918,19 @@ Example:
-Notes: 궁금하다 often translates to “to wonder,” which makes learners assume that it is a verb. Rather, 궁금하다 is an adjective and is more about the feeling of wondering (or being curious) about something. +Notes: + +궁금하다 often translates to “to wonder,” which makes learners assume that it is a verb. Rather, 궁금하다 is an adjective and is more about the feeling of wondering (or being curious) about something. Common Usages: -궁금한 것이 있다 = to wonder something, to have a question -궁금한 게 있는데… = I’m wondering something… -Example: 그가 언제 올지 **궁금해요** = I **wonder** when he is coming -그 여자의 나이가 **궁금해서** 몇 살인지 물어봤어요 = I was **curious** of that girl’s age, so I asked how old she is +- 궁금한 것이 있다 = to wonder something, to have a question +- 궁금한 게 있는데… = I’m wondering something… + +Example: + +- 그가 언제 올지 **궁금해요** = I **wonder** when he is coming +- 그 여자의 나이가 **궁금해서** 몇 살인지 물어봤어요 = I was **curious** of that girl’s age, so I asked how old she is
@@ -493,20 +943,15 @@ The pronunciation of this word is closer to “안타깝따” 안타깝다 follows the ㅂ irregular Common Usages: -안타까운 상황 = unfortunate situation + +- 안타까운 상황 = unfortunate situation Examples: -엄마가 우리랑 같이 못 먹어서 **안타까워요** -= It’s **too bad** that your mom can’t eat with us -상황이 조금 **안타깝지만** 어쩔 수 없다 -= The situation is **unfortunate**, but there is nothing we can do (about it) - -너무 **안타까워서** 내일 그 왕따를 놀리지 말자 -= Let’s not tease that outcast tomorrow because it is too **sad**/**sorry** (of a situation) - -성공하기 위해 매일 애쓰는 사람들을 보면 대단하면서도 **안타까워요** -= When I see people struggling to try to succeed, it is amazing but also **sad** at the same time +- 엄마가 우리랑 같이 못 먹어서 **안타까워요** = It’s **too bad** that your mom can’t eat with us +- 상황이 조금 **안타깝지만** 어쩔 수 없다 = The situation is **unfortunate**, but there is nothing we can do (about it) +- 너무 **안타까워서** 내일 그 왕따를 놀리지 말자 = Let’s not tease that outcast tomorrow because it is too **sad**/**sorry** (of a situation) +- 성공하기 위해 매일 애쓰는 사람들을 보면 대단하면서도 **안타까워요** = When I see people struggling to try to succeed, it is amazing but also **sad** at the same time @@ -520,8 +965,8 @@ Notes: 주로 is an adverb that sounds a lot like an adjective in sentences. It Example: -- 저의 친구는 **주로** 남자예요 = My friends are **mostly** men -- 저는 **주로** 과일과 야채를 먹어요 = I **mainly** eat fruits and vegetables +- 저의 친구는 **주로** 남자예요 = My friends are **mostly** men +- ⁠저는 **주로** 과일과 야채를 먹어요 = I **mainly** eat fruits and vegetables @@ -530,14 +975,13 @@ Example:
Common Usages: -이쪽으로 = in this direction + +- 이쪽으로 = in this direction Examples: -사방을 살피고 저쪽으로나 **이쪽**으로 가세요 -= Look both ways (all ways) and then go **this way** or that way -저쪽으로 가면 앞문이 나오며 **이쪽**으로 가면 뒷문이 나와요 -= If you go that way, you will see the front door, and if you go **this way**, you will see the back door +- 사방을 살피고 저쪽으로나 **이쪽**으로 가세요 = Look both ways (all ways) and then go **this way** or that way +- 저쪽으로 가면 앞문이 나오며 **이쪽**으로 가면 뒷문이 나와요 = If you go that way, you will see the front door, and if you go **this way**, you will see the back door
@@ -546,10 +990,13 @@ Examples:
Common Usages: -그쪽으로 = in that direction -Examples: **그쪽**으로 가면 안 돼요 = You shouldn’t go **that way -그쪽**으로 가는 게 나을 것 같아요 = Going **that way** is probably better +- 그쪽으로 = in that direction + +Examples: + +- **그쪽**으로 가면 안 돼요 = You shouldn’t go **that way** +- **그쪽**으로 가는 게 나을 것 같아요 = Going **that way** is probably better
@@ -558,15 +1005,16 @@ Examples: **그쪽**으로 가면 안 돼요 = You shouldn’t go **that way
Common Usages: -저쪽으로 = in that direction -저쪽으로 가다 = to go in that direction + +- 저쪽으로 = in that direction +- 저쪽으로 가다 = to go in that direction Examples: -우리는 **저쪽**으로 가야 돼요 = We need to go in **that direction** -그 사람이 **저쪽**으로 갔어요 = That person went (in) **that direction** -사방을 살피고 **저쪽**으로나 이쪽으로 가세요 = Look both ways (all ways) and then go this way or **that way -저쪽**으로 가면 앞문이 나오며 이쪽으로 가면 뒷문이 나와요 -= If you go **that way**, you will see the front door, and if you go that way, you will see the back door + +- 우리는 **저쪽**으로 가야 돼요 = We need to go in **that direction** +- 그 사람이 **저쪽**으로 갔어요 = That person went (in) **that direction** +- 사방을 살피고 **저쪽**으로나 이쪽으로 가세요 = Look both ways (all ways) and then go this way or **that way** +- **저쪽**으로 가면 앞문이 나오며 이쪽으로 가면 뒷문이 나와요 = If you go **that way**, you will see the front door, and if you go that way, you will see the back door