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lesson 16 remaining grammar

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docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/16-relating-to.md
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@@ -50,7 +50,11 @@ Example:
저는 한국**역사**에 관심이 있어요 = I am interested in Korean **history**
우리 학교에서 학생들은 **역사**와 지리를 같이 배워요 = At our school, students learn **history** and geography together
[역사적 ](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson16v4.mp3)= historical
</Details>
역사적 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson16v4.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">historical</span>
<Details>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “역싸적”
@@ -442,7 +446,7 @@ Common Usages:
Example:
저의 시험 **결과**는 좋아요 = The **result** of my exam is good (my exam results are good)
간부들은 그 **결과**를 회의에서 발표했어요 = The executives announced that **result** at the meeting
**[결과](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson16-37.mp3)**[는 만족스러웠어요](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson16-37.mp3) = The **results** were satisfactory
**결과**는 만족스러웠어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson16-37.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">The **results** were satisfactory</span>
우리가 만족스러운 **결과**를 받았어요 = We received a satisfactory **result**
</Details>
@@ -579,14 +583,21 @@ Common Usages:
Example:
그 책의 **제목**은 뭐에요? = What is the **title** of that book?
[근처 ](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson16v46.mp3)= close/near by
</Details>
Notes: 근처 and 가깝다 are words that have similar meanings. 근처 is actually a noun but I feel it acts and feels like an adverb. 가깝다 is an adjective, which means it can predicate sentences and describe upcoming nouns. 근처 is most commonly used after a noun (like 위, 안, 밑, 뒤, etc…) to mean “close to…” for example:
근처 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson16v46.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">close/near by</span>
대학로 **근처**에 극장이 많아요 = There are a lot of theaters **near** 대학로
<Details>
Notes:
근처 and 가깝다 are words that have similar meanings. 근처 is actually a noun but I feel it acts and feels like an adverb. 가깝다 is an adjective, which means it can predicate sentences and describe upcoming nouns. 근처 is most commonly used after a noun (like 위, 안, 밑, 뒤, etc…) to mean “close to…” for example:
- 대학로 **근처**에 극장이 많아요 = There are a lot of theaters **near** 대학로
It can also be used to generally just mean “close” to here. In these cases, 여기 can be omitted:
[저의 친구는 (여기) **근처**에 살아요](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/5-My-friend-lives-close-to-here.m4a) = My friend lives **close** (to here)
- 저의 친구는 (여기) **근처**에 살아요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/5-My-friend-lives-close-to-here.m4a" /> = <span class="md spoiler">My friend lives **close** (to here)</span>
</Details>
@@ -637,10 +648,11 @@ Common Usages:
신발끈을 풀다 = to untie one’s shoes
Examples:
[운동은 스트레스를 풀어요](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/1-exercise-relieves-stress.m4a) = exercise relieves stress
[저는 그 수학문제를 연필과 종이로 풀었어요](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/2-I-solved-that-math-problem-using.m4a) = I solved that math problem using a paper and a pencil
저는 그 수학문제를 연필과 종이로 풀었어요 = I **solved** that math problem using a paper and a pencil
이 붕대를 **풀자마자** 애기가 기어 다니기 시작해도 돼요 = As soon as you **unravel** this bandage, the baby can start crawling around
- 운동은 스트레스를 풀어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/1-exercise-relieves-stress.m4a" /> = <span class="md spoiler">exercise **relieves** stress</span>
- 저는 그 수학문제를 연필과 종이로 풀었어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/2-I-solved-that-math-problem-using.m4a" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I **solved** that math problem using a paper and a pencil</span>
- 저는 그 수학문제를 연필과 종이로 풀었어요 = I **solved** that math problem using a paper and a pencil
- 이 붕대를 **풀자마자** 애기가 기어 다니기 시작해도 돼요 = As soon as you **unravel** this bandage, the baby can start crawling around
</Details>
@@ -736,8 +748,9 @@ The pronunciation of this word is closer to “가깝따”
가깝다 follows the ㅂ irregular
Examples:
[저의 친구의 집은 **가까워요**](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/6-My-friends-house-is-close.m4a) = My friend’s house is **close**
[저의 친구는 **가까운** 집에 살아요](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/7-my-friend-lives-in-a-near-by-house.m4a) = literally – my friend lives in a **near** by house
- 저의 친구의 집은 **가까워요** <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/6-My-friends-house-is-close.m4a" /> = <span class="md spoiler">My friend’s house is **close**</span>
- 저의 친구는 **가까운** 집에 살아요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/7-my-friend-lives-in-a-near-by-house.m4a" /> = <span class="md spoiler">literally – my friend lives in a **near** by house</span>
성수기가 **가까워질수록** 숙소비가 더 비싸져요
= As it gets **closer** to the peak season, the price of accommodation gets more expensive
@@ -799,8 +812,8 @@ Common Usages:
조금만 = only a little
조금 있다(가) = in a bit (just a little bit later)
[저는 **조금** 먹었어요](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/3-I-ate-a-little.m4a) = I ate a **little**
[저는 **조금**만 먹었어요](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/4-I-only-ate-a-little.m4a) = I only ate a **little**
저는 **조금** 먹었어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/3-I-ate-a-little.m4a" /> = I ate a **little**
저는 **조금**만 먹었어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/4-I-only-ate-a-little.m4a" /> = I only ate a **little**
**조금** 있다가 가자 = Let’s go in a **bit
조금** 더 앞으로 가 주세요 = Move a **little bit** more forward, please
@@ -877,142 +890,124 @@ Adding “-al” doesn’t always work with the English word, though. For exampl
The main point of this lesson is to teach you how you can understand the meaning of a word ending in \~적 even if you have never seen it before. This still happens to me fairly regularly – I will read something, and come across a word I have never seen before ending in \~적.
For example, if you knew that the word “민주” meant “democracy” What do you think “민주적” would mean? A descriptive word that has the properties of democracy – that would be “democratic.”
For example, if you knew that the word “민주” meant “<span class="md spoiler">democracy</span>” What do you think “민주적” would mean? A descriptive word that has the properties of <span class="md spoiler">democracy</span> – that would be “<span class="md spoiler">democratic</span>.”
- 민주 = <span class="md spoiler">democracy</span>
- <TTS>민주적</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">democratic</span>
Though these descriptive words can be used in sentences, it is easy for a beginner to understand them when they are used by adding \~이다 or \~으로.
## Adding 으로
### Adding 으로
Adding ‘으로’ to the end of \~적 changes the word into an adverb. These adverbs usually have the ending ‘ly’ in English. Below are the most common examples of using \~적으로 with example sentences for each:
문화 = culture
문화적 = cultural
문화적으로 = culturally
- 문화 = <span class="md spoiler">culture</span>
- <TTS>문화적</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">cultural</span>
- <TTS>문화적으로</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">culturally</span>
- 한국은 지난 50년 동안 문화적으로 많이 변했어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-16-1.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">Korea has changed a lot culturally in the period of/during/for the past 50 years</span>
---
경제 = economy
경제적 = economical
경제적으로 = economically
- 경제 = <span class="md spoiler">economy</span>
- <TTS>경제적</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">economical</span>
- <TTS>경제적으로</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">economically</span>
- 그것은 경제적으로 가능하지 않아요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-16-2.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">That isn’t economically possible</span>
---
역사 = history
역사적 = historical
역사적으로 = historically
- 역사 = <span class="md spoiler">history</span>
- <TTS>역사적</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">historical</span>
- <TTS>역사적으로</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">historically</span>
- 한국과 미국은 역사적으로 좋은 관계가 있다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson16-3.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">Historically, Korea and the US have had a good relationship</span>
---
과학 = science
과학적 = scientific
과학적으로 = scientifically
- 과학 = <span class="md spoiler">science</span>
- <TTS>과학적</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">scientific</span>
- <TTS>과학적으로</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">scientifically</span>
- 그들은 그 문제를 과학적으로 풀었다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson16-4.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">They solved that problem scientifically</span>
---
충동 = impulse/shock
충동적 = impulsive
충동적으로 = impulsively
- 충동 = <span class="md spoiler">impulse/shock</span>
- <TTS>충동적</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">impulsive</span>
- <TTS>충동적으로</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">impulsively</span>
- 저는 자주 옷을 충동적으로 사요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson16-5.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I often buy clothes impulsively</span>
---
민주 = democracy
민주적 = democratic
민주적으로 = democratically
- 민주 = democracy
- <TTS>민주적</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">democratic</span>
- <TTS>민주적으로</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">democratically</span>
*Any examples I can make using “*민주적으로*” require me to use words that you haven’t learned before. Forgive me:*
- 미국은 대통령을 민주적으로 선출해요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-16-3.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">America elects its president democratically</span>
---
 
 
## Adding 이다
### Adding 이다
Adding ‘이다’ to the end of \~적 turns the word into an adjective that can predicate a sentence or describe an upcoming noun. The translation of these adjectives are usually the same (in English) as without adding ‘이다.” For example:
문화 = culture
문화적 = cultural
문화적이다 = cultural
- 문화 = <span class="md spoiler">culture</span>
- <TTS>문화적</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">cultural</span>
- <TTS>문화적이다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">cultural</span>
- 캐나다와 미국은 문화적인 차이가 있다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-16-5.mp3" /> <span class="md spoiler">= Canada and the US have a cultural difference</span>
(차이 = difference)
(<TTS>차이</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">difference</span>)
---
경제 = economics
경제적 = economical
경제적이다 = economical
- 경제 = <span class="md spoiler">economics</span>
- <TTS>경제적</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">economical</span>
- <TTS>경제적이다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">economical</span>
- 미국은 경제적인 결정을 했어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-16-6.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">The US made an economical decision</span>
---
역사 = history
역사적 = historical
역사적이다 = historical
- 역사 = <span class="md spoiler">history</span>
- <TTS>역사적</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">historical</span>
- <TTS>역사적이다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">historical</span>
- 저 학교는 역사적인 건물이에요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson16-9.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">That school is a historical building</span>
---
과학 = science
과학적 = scientific
과학적이다 = scientific
- 과학 = <span class="md spoiler">science</span>
- <TTS>과학적</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">scientific</span>
- <TTS>과학적이다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">scientific</span>
- 이것은 과학적인 문제예요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-16-7.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">This is a scientific problem</span>
---
충동 = impulsive
충동적 = impulsive
충동적이다 = impulsive
- 충동 = <span class="md spoiler">impulsive</span>
- <TTS>충동적</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">impulsive</span>
- <TTS>충동적이다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">impulsive</span>
- 저는 너무 충동적이에요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson16-11.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I’m too impulsive</span>
Notice that when a word ending in \~적이다 is used to predicate a sentence, 이다 is conjugated as if it were actually 이다.
Notice that when a word ending in \~적이다 is used to predicate a sentence, 이다 is conjugated as if it were actually 이다.
---
민주 = democracy
민주적 = democratic
민주적이다 = democratic
- 민주 = <span class="md spoiler">democracy</span>
- <TTS>민주적</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">democratic</span>
- <TTS>민주적이다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">democratic</span>
- 미국은 민주적인 나라예요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson16-12.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">The US is a democratic nation</span>
---
 
A question that always comes up here is – What is the difference between using \~적이다 and just using \~적? For example, what is the difference between these two:
경제적 = economical
경제적이다 = economical
- 경제적 = <span class="md spoiler">economical</span>
- 경제적이다 = <span class="md spoiler">economical</span>
The difference between these is that \~적 is a noun, whereas \~적이다 is an adjective. Sometimes however, nouns can technically be used to sound like adjectives. For example:
The difference between these is that \~적 is <span class="md spoiler">a noun</span>, whereas \~적이다 is <span class="md spoiler">an adjective</span>. Sometimes however, nouns can technically be used to sound like adjectives. For example:
That is a big bag
- That is a big bag
‘Big’ describes the type of bag it is. Big is clearly an adjective which is telling us about the type of bag that it is (that it is big). “Book” is clearly a noun.
However, in the following example:
That is a book bag
- That is a book bag
In this example, ‘book’ acts as a descriptive word because it describes the type of bag it is (that it is a book bag).
@@ -1035,14 +1030,15 @@ At this point, I don’t want you to spend too much time dwelling over when you
- 나는 개인적 문제로 회사를 그만두었다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-16-12.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I quit the company due to personal reasons (problems)</span>
- 나는 개인적인 문제로 회사를 그만두었다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-16-13.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I quit the company due to personal reasons (problems)</span>
(그만두다 = to quit a job or school)
(<TTS>그만두다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to quit a job or school</span>)
---
- 이 건물은 역사적 건물이다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-16-14.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">This building is a historical building</span>
- 이 건물은 역사적인 건물이다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-16-15.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">This building is a historical building</span>
In all cases above, I would rather use the \~적인 form to describe the upcoming noun. The native Korean speaker beside me says the same thing. However, she also says that the first example of each (the examples just using \~적 instead of \~적인) are also acceptable. In my opinion, the use of \~적인 instead of \~적 is more common in speaking and in printed sources. However, you are more likely to see \~적 in print sources compared to hearing it in spoken Korean. (i.e. \~적이다 is more common than \~적 in all cases. However, when compared only to itself, you are more likely to find \~적 in print than in speech).
In all cases above, I would rather use the \~적인 form to describe the upcoming noun. The native Korean speaker beside me says the same thing. However, she also says that the first example of each (the examples just using \~적 instead of \~적인) are also acceptable. In my opinion, the use of \~적인 instead of \~적 is more common in <span class="md spoiler">speaking</span> than in printed sources. However, you are more likely to see \~적 in <span class="md spoiler">print sources</span> compared to hearing it in spoken Korean. (i.e. \~적이다 is more common than \~적 in all cases. However, when compared only to itself, you are more likely to find \~적 in print than in speech).
Okay, enough of that for now. Let’s talk about something else.
@@ -1050,11 +1046,13 @@ Okay, enough of that for now. Let’s talk about something else.
\~스럽다 can also be added to some nouns to change them into an adjective, much like the function of \~적(이다). When doing this, \~스럽다 changes the noun into an adjective that has the “properties” of that noun. The two easiest examples to explain this change are:
사랑 = love
사랑스럽다 = “with the properties of love”
- 사랑 = <span class="md spoiler">love</span>
- <TTS>사랑스럽다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">“with the properties of love”</span>
자연 = nature
자연스럽다 = “with the properties of nature”
---
- 자연 = <span class="md spoiler">nature</span>
- <TTS>자연스럽다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">“with the properties of nature”</span>
For example:
@@ -1063,8 +1061,8 @@ For example:
Of course, those translations are nonsense. A more accurate translation of these words would be:
사랑스럽다 = lovely
자연스럽다 = natural
- <TTS>사랑스럽다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">lovely</span>
- <TTS>자연스럽다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">natural</span>
The only way of knowing if \~스럽다 or \~적 can be added to a word is if you have specifically learned that it can. Because one can never know which words \~스럽다 and \~적 can be added to, these words will always be presented as a separate entry in our vocabulary lists.
@@ -1072,9 +1070,9 @@ Anyways, \~스럽다 can be added to nouns to make that noun a descriptive word:
The two examples above are fairly straight-forward. However \~스럽다 is sometimes added to words that seem to already have an adjective form. For example:
실망 = disappointment
실망하다 = to be disappointed
실망스럽다 = “with the properties of disappointment” (disappointing)
- 실망 = <span class="md spoiler">disappointment</span>
- 실망하다 = <span class="md spoiler">to be disappointed</span>
- <TTS>실망스럽다 </TTS>= <span class="md spoiler">“with the properties of disappointment” (disappointing)</span>
I’ll do the best I can to distinguish between 실망스럽다 and 실망하다 for you.
@@ -1119,7 +1117,7 @@ Now, 실망스럽다 usually is not describing one’s emotions. Rather, it is d
That being said, you might sometimes hear 실망스럽다 being used like this:
[저는 실망스러웠어요](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-16-27.mp3)
- 저는 실망스러웠어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-16-27.mp3" />
In this case, what do you think this would mean?
@@ -1132,45 +1130,49 @@ It’s not.
If you heard the sentence “저는 실망스럽다” in Korean, it would most likely be from a person describing that _something_ is disappoint*ing*, but they have omitted it from the sentence. For example, using the adjective “실망스럽다” you can use the Subject – Object – Adjective form in the following way:
- 저는 친구가 실망스러워요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-16-24.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I am disappointed in my friend</span>
_(My friend is disappointing, and therefore I am disappointed)_
_(<span class="md spoiler">My friend is disappointing, and therefore I am disappointed</span>)_
- 저는 학생들이 실망스러웠어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-16-25.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I was disappointed in the students</span>
_(My students were disappointing, and therefore I was disappointed)_
_(<span class="md spoiler">My students were disappointing, and therefore I was disappointed</span>)_
- 저는 그 영화가 실망스러웠어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-16-26.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I was disappointed in the movie</span>
_(The movie was disappointing, and therefore I was disappointed)_
_(<span class="md spoiler">The movie was disappointing, and therefore I was disappointed</span>)_
If you just walked into a room and said:
저는 실망스러워요\~ = I am disappointed (in something….)
- 저는 실망스러워요\~ = <span class="md spoiler">I am disappointed (in something….)</span>
Whoever was listening to that sentence would probably say “<span class="md spoiler">In what</span>?”
Whoever was listening to that sentence would probably say “In what?”
What the speaker has done when saying “저는 실망스러워요” is they have simply omitted the object that they are describing.
Wow… that’s a lot of stuff to wrap your head around. Let’s break it down one more time:
- 실망하다 is a verb that describes one’s emotions of being disappointed:
[저는 실망했어요](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-16-17.mp3) = I was disappointed
- 실망하다 is a verb that describes <span class="md spoiler">one’s emotions of being disappointed</span>:
- 저는 실망했어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-16-17.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I was disappointed</span>
- 실망하다 cannot act on an object (like 자다, 죽다, or any passive verb). Therefore, the following is incorrect:
저는 학생을 실망했어요
- ~~저는 학생을 실망했어요~~
- Instead, as with passive verbs, the use of \~에게/한테 should be used to indicate that you are disappointed in a person:
[저는 친구에게 실망했어요](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-16-19.mp3) = I was disappointed in my friend
- 저는 친구에게 실망했어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-16-19.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I was disappointed in my friend</span>
- \~에 can be used to indicate that you are disappointed in a non-person:
[저는 영화에 실망했어요](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-16-21.mp3) = I was disappointed in the movie
- 저는 영화에 실망했어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-16-21.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I was disappointed in the movie</span>
- 실망스럽다 is an adjective that describes something which is disappointing:
[그 영화는 조금 실망스러웠어요](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-16-23.mp3) = The movie was a little bit disappointing
- 그 영화는 조금 실망스러웠어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-16-23.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">The movie was a little bit disappointing</span>
- The adjective 실망스럽다 can be used in the subject – object – adjective form to indicate that you were disappointed in something:
[저는 그 영화가 실망스러웠어요](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-16-26.mp3) = I was disappointed in that movie
- 저는 그 영화가 실망스러웠어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-16-26.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I was disappointed in that movie</span>
- In the sentence above, the object can be omitted from the sentence, in which case the speaker is indicating that something was disappointing (and by virtue, he/she is disappointed), but has omitted the noun that is disappointing:
[저는 실망스러웠어요](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-16-27.mp3) = I was disappointed (something was disappointing…)
- 저는 실망스러웠어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-16-27.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I was disappointed (something was disappointing…)</span>
I realize that is incredibly confusing.
This same phenomenon happens with the word 만족스럽다. Look at the following three words:
This same phenomenon happens with the word <TTS>만족스럽다</TTS>. Look at the following three words:
만족 = satisfaction
만족하다 = to be satisfied
만족스럽다 = “with the properties of satisfaction” (satisfactory)
- 만족 = <span class="md spoiler">satisfaction</span>
- <TTS>만족하다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to be satisfied</span>
- <TTS>만족스럽다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">“with the properties of satisfaction” (satisfactory)</span>
Just like with 실망하다, 만족하다 is used to describe a person’s emotions. This could be referring to anybody’s emotions; not necessarily just the speaker’s emotions. For example:
@@ -1199,8 +1201,8 @@ In other words with -스럽다, the difference is much less ambiguous because th
Another good example of –스럽다 is:
자랑하다 = to show off (verb)
자랑스럽다 = proud (adjective)
- 자랑하다 = <span class="md spoiler">to show off (verb)</span>
- 자랑스럽다 = <span class="md spoiler">proud (adjective)</span>
Here as well, 자랑하다 is a verb that can act on a noun, so its usage is very simple: