verbs

2026-03-25 11:57:48 +07:00
1 parent cb180a6e61
commit be03bb295b
@@ -59,8 +59,6 @@ Examples:

 <Details>

-The pronunciation of this word is closer to “직짱”
-
 Notes: In English, we say “work” to refer to _what_ is being done and _where_ it is being done. For example “I am doing work at work.” 직장 refers to the location in which you work.

 Examples:
@@ -297,24 +295,226 @@ Example:

 찾다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-13.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">to search for, find</span>

+<Details>
+
+Notes: In English, the words “looking for/searching” and “find” have a similar meaning but are used differently. We use “find” _after_ something is found. However, before something is found we use “look for/search.” In Korean, the 찾다 is used for both of these usages. This confusion often leads Korean people to incorrectly say things like “I am finding my brother.”
+
+Examples:
+
+- <TTS class="md">저는 저의 지갑을 **찾**고 있어요</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">I am **looking** for my wallet</span>
+- <TTS class="md">누군가(는) 너를 **찾**고 있어</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">Somebody is **looking** for you </span>
+- <TTS class="md">저는 그 사실을 백과사전에 **찾았어요**</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">I **looked** up that fact in an encyclopedia </span>
+- <TTS class="md">우리 회사는 새로운 회사원을 **찾**고 있어요</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">Our company is **looking** for new workers</span>
+
+</Details>
+
 가르치다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-15.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">to teach</span>

+<Details>
+
+Common Usages:
+
+- <TTS>수업을 가르치다</TTS> = <span class="spoiler">to teach a class</span>
+- <TTS>학생을 가르치다</TTS> = <span class="spoiler">to teach a student</span>
+
+Examples:
+
+- <TTS class="md">저는 고등학교에서 10년 동안 영어를 **가르쳤어요**</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">I **taught** English at a high school for 10 years</span>
+- <TTS class="md">저는 학생들한테 한국어를 **가르쳤어요**</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">I **taught** Korean to the students</span>
+- <TTS class="md">어제 학생들한테 뭐 **가르쳤어요**?</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">What did you **teach** the students yesterday?</span>
+- <TTS class="md">저는 선생님이 그것을 언제 **가르쳤는**지 기억 안 나요</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">I don’t remember when the teacher **taught** that</span>
+- <TTS class="md">선생님은 우리를 너무 잘 **가르치셨어**</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">Our teacher **taught** us really well</span>
+- <TTS class="md">이것을 **가르쳐** 줘서 감사합니다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">Thanks for **teaching** that to me</span>
+- <TTS class="md">그 선생님은 한국어를 저에게 **가르쳐** 줬어요</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">That teacher **taught** me Korean</span>
+
+</Details>
+
 일하다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-16.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">to work</span>

+<Details>
+
+Notes:
+
+The noun form of 일하다 (일) literally means “work” (as in, something you need to do). However, it is often used to refer to a task or anything that needs to be done. For example:
+
+<TTS>저는 내일 할 일이 있어요</TTS> = <span class="spoiler">I have something I need to do tomorrow</span>
+
+Examples:
+
+- <TTS class="md">저는 그 회사에서 **일해요**</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">I **work** at/for that company</span>
+- <TTS class="md">저는 지난 월요일에 **일했어요**</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">I **worked** last Monday</span>
+- <TTS class="md">저는 2주 동안 열심히 **일했어요**</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">I worked hard for 2 weeks</span>
+- <TTS class="md">저는 그 회사에서 5월까지 **일할** **거예요**</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">I will **work** at that company until May</span>
+- <TTS class="md">저는 회사를 위해 열심히 **일할** **거예요**</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">I will **work** hard for the company</span>
+- <TTS class="md">아버지는 지금 **일하**고 있어요</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">Dad is **working** now</span>
+- <TTS class="md">그 사람은 10년 동안 열심히 **일하**고 부자가 되었어요</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">That person **worked** hard for 10 years and then became a rich person</span>
+
+</Details>
+
 짓다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-17.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">to build</span>

+<Details>
+
+짓다 follows the ㅅ irregular
+
+Common Usages:
+
+- <TTS>집을 짓다</TTS> = <span class="spoiler">to build a house</span>
+
+Examples:
+
+- <TTS class="md">그 집을 언제 **지었어요** ?</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">When did you **build** that house?</span>
+- <TTS class="md">저는 집을 **지었어요**</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">I **built** a house</span>
+- <TTS class="md">저는 우리 집을 나무로 **지었어요**</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">I **built** our house out of wood</span>
+- <TTS class="md">새로 **지어진** 건물이 멋있어요</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">The newly **built** building is really cool/stylish</span>
+- <TTS class="md">이 건물은 유명한 건축가의 건축설계도에 기초해서 **지어졌어요**</TTS>
+  - <span class="md spoiler">This building was **built** based on the blueprints of a famous architect</span>
+- <TTS class="md">새로 **지어진** 공원에 운동 시설이 매우 좋아서 많은 사람들이 거기에서 운동을 해요</TTS>
+  - <span class="md spoiler">The newly **built** park has very good exercise facilities so many people exercise there</span>
+
+</Details>
+
 가지다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-18.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">to own, to possess</span>

+<Details>
+
+Common Usages:
+
+- <TTS>가지고 있다</TTS> = <span class="spoiler">to have</span>
+
+Notes: When you use “있다” to indicate that you have something, you must put the particle ~이/가 on the object you have. For example: 저는 펜이 있어요
+
+However, you can attach ~을/을 to that object if you use ~가지고 있다.
+
+갖다 is a shortened version of this word. See [Lesson 97](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/upper-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-4-lessons-92-100/lesson-97/ "Lesson 97: Abbreviated Conjugations: 갖다 and 머물다") for more information.
+
+Examples:
+
+- <TTS class="md">저는 펜을 **가지**고 있어요</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">I **have** a pen</span>
+- <TTS class="md">저는 지금 돈을 **가지**고 있어요</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">I **have** money now</span>
+- <TTS class="md">그 여자는 자연스러운 머리를 **가지**고 있어요</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">That **girl** has natural hair</span>
+- <TTS class="md">그는 항상 사진기를 **가지**고 다녀요</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">He always **carries** his camera with him (while walking around)</span>
+- <TTS class="md">열쇠를 **가지**고 나왔어요?</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">Did you **bring** your keys (did you come out while possessing your keys?)</span>
+- <TTS class="md">작은 입으로 큰 생선을 먹을 수 있다는 게 너무 신기했다. 나는 펭귄에게 먹이를 주기 위해 천천히 다가갔다. 펭귄들은 내가 먹이를 **가지고** 있자 내 주위로 다가왔다.</TTS>
+  - <span class="md spoiler">I was really amazed they could eat a big fish with their little mouth. I approached the penguins slowly with food, and as soon as I **had** food, the penguins drew close around me.</span>
+
+</Details>
+
 잠그다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-19.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">to lock</span>

+<Details>
+
+잠그다 follows the ㅡ irregular
+
+Common Usages:
+
+- <TTS>수도꼭지를 잠그다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to turn the water (from a tap) off</span>
+
+Example:
+
+- <TTS class="md">저는 문을 **잠갔어요**</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">I **locked** the door</span>
+- <TTS class="md">아버지는 창문을 **잠갔어요**</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">Dad **locked** the window</span>
+- <TTS class="md">문을 **잠가야** 되었는데 깜박했어요!</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">I was supposed to **lock** the door, but I forgot!</span>
+- <TTS class="md">수압이 너무 세서 수도꼭지를 **잠가** 놓으세요</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">The water pressure is too strong, so **turned off** (“lock”) the faucet</span>
+
+</Details>
+
 잊다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-20.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">to forget</span>

+<Details>
+
+Common Usages:
+
+- <TTS>잊어버리다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to forget</span>
+
+Notes: ~아/어버리다 is added to some verbs to express the emotion that something was done and “thrown away” at the same time. It is commonly attached to 잊다 to express that something was “forgotten and thrown away.”
+
+Examples:
+
+- <TTS class="md">저를 **잊**지 마세요!</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">Don’t **forget** me!</span>
+- <TTS class="md">저는 아빠의 죽음을 **잊**지 않았어요</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">I didn’t **forget** the death of my father</span>
+- <TTS class="md">열쇠를 어디 둔지 **잊**어버렸어요</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">I **forget** where I put my keys</span>
+- <TTS class="md">저는 사막에서 살았을 때를 잊어버리고 싶어요</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">I want to **forget** the time I lived in the desert</span>
+- <TTS class="md">바쁘게 살다 보면 가끔 중요한 일을 **잊어버려요**</TTS>
+  - <span class="md spoiler">If you (continue to) live a busy life, sometimes you will **forget** important things/tasks/jobs</span>
+- <TTS class="md">미술대회에 참가하는 신입생들은 **잊지** 말고 꼭 10시까지 모여주세요</TTS>
+  - <span class="md spoiler">Freshmen participating in the art competition, don’t **forget**, and be sure to gather by 10 o’clock</span>
+- <TTS class="md">우리 오빠는 나에게 **잊지** 말고 영국에서 유명한 기념품을 사서 한국에 보내 달라고 했다</TTS>
+  - <span class="md spoiler">My brother told me not to **forget** to buy some famous souvenirs in England and send them to Korea</span>
+
+</Details>
+
 돕다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Lesson3Vocab-help.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">to help</span>

+<Details>
+
+돕다 is an irregular ㅂ irregular. ㅂ changes to 오 when ~아/어 is added. However, ㅂ changes to 우 when any other vowel is added.
+
+Common usages:
+
+- <TTS>도와주다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to give help</span>
+
+Notes: ~아/어주다 is commonly added to this word, because usually when one helps somebody, it is a form of “giving”
+
+Examples:
+
+- <TTS class="md">**도와**주세요!</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">**help** me please!</span>
+- <TTS class="md">제가 선생님이 아니라 학생을 도와주는 사람이에요</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">I am not a teacher, I’m a student helper</span>
+- <TTS class="md">곤경에 처한 사람을 **도와주느라고** 제시간에 학교에 가지 못했다</TTS>
+  - <span class="md spoiler">I wasn’t able to go to school on time because I was **helping** a person going through some trouble</span>
+- <TTS class="md">과학을 배우는 것은 중요해, 왜냐하면 내가 살고 있는 곳을 더욱 잘 이해할 수 있게 **도와주기** 때문이야</TTS>
+  - <span class="md spoiler">It is important to learn science, because it **helps** me understand the place/environment that I live (in) better</span>
+- <TTS class="md">나는 엄마를 **도와** 정리를 했다. 거실을 깨끗하게 정리하고 엄마한테 진심으로 감사하다는 말을 전했다</TTS>
+  - <span class="md spoiler">I **helped** mom clean-up/organize. We organized the living room (cleanly), and thanked mom from the bottom of our hearts</span>
+
+</Details>
+
 주다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-21.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">to give</span>

+<Details>
+
+When giving something _to_ a person who deserves respect, 드리다 is used.
+
+Notes: Often conjugated in the imperative voice (for example, ~세요) to ask for something. For example:
+
+- 밥을 많이 주세요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/9-Give-me-lots-of-rice.m4a" /> = <span class="md spoiler">Give me lots of rice</span>
+
+Often gets placed after a verb if somebody does an action for somebody. For example:
+
+- 이것을 만들어 주세요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/4-Please-make-this-for-me.m4a" /> = <span class="md spoiler">Please, make this for me</span>
+
+See [Lesson 41](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-2-lower-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-2-lessons-34-41/lesson-41/ "Lesson 41: To Give: 주다, 아/어 주다") for more information.
+
+Examples:
+
+- <TTS class="md">그 그릇을 **주**세요</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">**Give** me that bowl, please</span>
+- <TTS class="md">밥을 사 **주**세요</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">Buy me food, please</span>
+- <TTS class="md">어머님은 너에게 돈을 **줬어**?</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">Did your mother **give** you money?</span>
+- <TTS class="md">저는 저의 친구에게 돈을 **줬어요**</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">I **gave** my friend money</span>
+- <TTS class="md">아빠는 나에게 음식을 **줬어**</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">Dad **gave** me food</span>
+- <TTS class="md">그 선생님은 한국어를 저에게 가르쳐 **줬어요**</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">That teacher taught me Korean</span>
+
+</Details>
+
 맞다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-36.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">to be correct</span>

+<Details>
+
+Common Usages:
+
+- <TTS>입맛에 맞다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to fit one’s taste in food</span>
+
+Notes: In every way, 맞다looks, feels and sounds like an adjective. However, in Korean 맞다 is a verb. In most cases this is irrelevant, but keep this in mind when conjugating.
+
+Example:
+
+- <TTS class="md">선생님! 이 거 **맞아요**?</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">Teacher! Is this **correct**?</span>
+- <TTS class="md">고객님들은 항상 **맞아요**</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">The customer is (customers are) always **right**</span>
+- <TTS class="md">이 자세 **맞아요**?</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">Is this posture **right/correct**?</span>
+- <TTS class="md">그 학설은 **맞을** 리가 없어요</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">That theory cannot be **right**</span>
+
+</Details>
+
 ### Adjectives:

 쉽다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-22.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">to be easy</span>