From 9c5c4d3689c814d062545a8167c697bdcde52880 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: polv Date: Sat, 19 Sep 2026 20:56:14 +0700 Subject: [PATCH] vocab quizzes --- docs/howtostudykorean/theme/eating.md | 1166 ++++++++++++++++++++++--- 1 file changed, 1053 insertions(+), 113 deletions(-) diff --git a/docs/howtostudykorean/theme/eating.md b/docs/howtostudykorean/theme/eating.md index 2d7c58c..6b52d36 100644 --- a/docs/howtostudykorean/theme/eating.md +++ b/docs/howtostudykorean/theme/eating.md @@ -1,3 +1,907 @@ +--- +vocabulary: + nouns: + - ko: 김치 + en: kimchi + examples: + - ko: 김치에 재료가 많이 들어가요 + en: There are a lot of ingredients in **kimchi** + + - ko: 밥 + en: rice (or a "meal" or "food") + notes: | +

밥 literally means "cooked rice," but Korean people commonly use it to mean "a meal" in general, regardless of whether the meal actually contains rice.

+ examples: + - ko: 밥 먹자! + en: Let's **eat**! + - ko: 밥 먹었어? + en: Have you **eaten**? (informal) + - ko: 저는 아침식사로 **밥**을 먹었어요 + en: I ate **rice** for breakfast + - ko: 저는 **밥**을 많이 먹었어요 + en: I ate a lot of **food (rice)** + - ko: 저는 **밥**을 먹고 갈 거에요 + en: I will **eat** and then go + + - ko: 반찬 + en: side dish + examples: + - ko: 반찬을 남기지 마세요 + en: Don't leave any **ban-chan (side dishes)** + - ko: 반찬을 먹을 만큼만 가져가세요 + en: Only take the amount of **side-dishes** that you will eat + + - ko: 식사 + en: meal + notes: | +

식사 is also used when people order some sort of soup/stew at a restaurant. For example, at a Korean BBQ restaurant you might say "식사만 할 거예요," meaning "I'm just going to have [this type of] meal."

+ examples: + - ko: 식사 할 거에요? + en: Will you **eat**? + - ko: 식사 하셨어요? + en: Have you **eaten**? (formal) + + - ko: 물 + en: water + examples: + - ko: 물 주세요 + en: "**Water**, please" + - ko: 물을 갖다 주세요 + en: Please go and get me **water** + - ko: 물을 이 컵에 따라 주세요 + en: Please pour **water** into this cup + - ko: 물은 셀프입니다 + en: "**Water** is self-serve" + + - ko: 음료수 + en: beverage + examples: + - ko: 어떤 **음료수**를 좋아해요? + en: What **beverage** do you like? + notes: Generated by Claude + - ko: "**음료수**를 냉장고에서 꺼내 줄래요?" + en: Can you take a **beverage** out of the fridge for me? + notes: Generated by Claude + + - ko: 맥주 + en: beer + examples: + - ko: 맥주 2잔 주세요 + en: Two glasses of **beer**, please + + - ko: 소주 + en: a type of Korean traditional alcohol + notes: | +

[A strong, clear distilled liquor, similar in strength to vodka; probably the most commonly consumed alcoholic drink in Korea]

+ examples: + - ko: 소주를 좀 더 따라 줄까요? + en: Shall I pour you a bit more **soju**? + - ko: 소주 2병 주세요 + en: Please give me two bottles of **soju** + + - ko: 막걸리 + en: a type of Korean traditional alcohol + notes: | +

[A milky, lightly sparkling rice wine, lower in alcohol content than 소주]

+ examples: + - ko: 막걸리를 좋아해요? + en: Do you like **makgeolli**? + + - ko: 콜라 + en: cola (Coke/Pepsi) + examples: + - ko: "**콜라** 한 잔 주세요" + en: One glass of **cola**, please + notes: Generated by Claude + - ko: 저는 **콜라**보다 사이다를 더 좋아해요 + en: I like cider more than **cola** + notes: Generated by Claude + + - ko: 사이다 + en: '"cider" (this tastes similar to Sprite/7-Up)' + notes: | +

[Not alcoholic cider — 사이다 is a clear, carbonated soft drink similar to Sprite/7-Up]

+ examples: + - ko: "**사이다** 있어요?" + en: Do you have **cider (Sprite-like soda)**? + notes: Generated by Claude + - ko: 이 **사이다**는 너무 달아요 + en: This **cider (soda)** is too sweet + notes: Generated by Claude + + - ko: 고기 + en: meat + examples: + - ko: 저는 어제 **고기**를 2번 먹었어요 + en: I ate **meat** twice yesterday + + - ko: 돼지고기 + en: pork + examples: + - ko: 저는 지난 번에 **돼지고기**를 먹었어요 + en: We ate **pork** last time + + - ko: 소고기 + en: beef + examples: + - ko: 저는 **소고기**를 안 먹어요 + en: I don't eat **beef** + notes: Generated by Claude + - ko: "**소고기**가 너무 비싸요" + en: "**Beef** is too expensive" + notes: Generated by Claude + + - ko: 해물 + en: seafood + examples: + - ko: "**해물**을 좋아해요?" + en: Do you like **seafood**? + notes: Generated by Claude + - ko: 이 식당은 **해물**이 유명해요 + en: This restaurant is famous for its **seafood** + notes: Generated by Claude + + - ko: 재료 + en: ingredients + examples: + - ko: 김치에 **재료**가 많이 들어가요 + en: There are a lot of **ingredients** in kimchi + + - ko: 국내산 + en: some product/food from Korea + notes: | +

~산 is attached after a country name to indicate the origin of a food product (e.g. "호주산" = "from Australia"). If the product is from Korea, "국내산" (domestic) is used instead of "한국산."

+ examples: + - ko: 소고기 – 호주산 + en: Beef – Australia + - ko: 돼지고기 – 미국산 + en: Pork – America + - ko: 김치 – 국내산 + en: Kimchi – Korea (domestic) + + - ko: 식당 + en: restaurant + examples: + - ko: 그 **식당**이 어디에 있는 지 알아요? + en: Do you know where that **restaurant** is? + - ko: "**식당**은 은행 옆에 있어요" + en: The **restaurant** is next to the bank + - ko: 그 **식당**이 오래되었어요 + en: That **restaurant** is old + + - ko: 맛집 + en: delicious restaurant + examples: + - ko: "**맛집**을 핸드폰으로 검색해보자" + en: Let's search for a good **restaurant** on my phone + + - ko: 젓가락 + en: chopstick + examples: + - ko: "**젓가락**으로 먹을 수 있어요?" + en: Can you eat with **chopsticks**? + notes: Generated by Claude + - ko: "**젓가락**이 하나만 있어요" + en: There is only one **chopstick** + notes: Generated by Claude + + - ko: 숟가락 + en: spoon + examples: + - ko: "**숟가락**을 갖다 주세요" + en: Please bring me a **spoon** + notes: Generated by Claude + - ko: "**숟가락**으로 국을 드세요" + en: Eat the soup with a **spoon** + notes: Generated by Claude + + - ko: 포크 + en: fork + examples: + - ko: "**포크**가 있어요?" + en: Do you have a **fork**? + notes: Generated by Claude + - ko: 저는 **포크**로 먹는 걸 더 좋아해요 + en: I prefer eating with a **fork** + notes: Generated by Claude + + - ko: 접시 + en: plate + examples: + - ko: "**접시**를 치워 주세요" + en: Please clear the **plates** (from the table) + + - ko: 그릇 + en: bowl + examples: + - ko: 이 **그릇**은 너무 작아요 + en: This **bowl** is too small + notes: Generated by Claude + - ko: "**그릇**을 하나 더 주세요" + en: Please give me one more **bowl** + notes: Generated by Claude + + - ko: 탁자 + en: table + examples: + - ko: "**탁자** 위에 물이 있어요" + en: There is water on the **table** + notes: Generated by Claude + - ko: 이 **탁자**는 4명이 앉을 수 있어요 + en: Four people can sit at this **table** + notes: Generated by Claude + + - ko: 상 + en: small traditional Korean table that folds out + notes: | +

[A low, often foldable table used when sitting on the floor to eat, as opposed to 탁자, which refers to a more general/modern table]

+ examples: + - ko: "**상**을 펴 주세요" + en: Please fold out the **table** + notes: Generated by Claude + - ko: "**상** 위에 반찬이 많아요" + en: There are a lot of side dishes on the **table** + notes: Generated by Claude + + - ko: 냄비 + en: pot + examples: + - ko: "**냄비**에 물을 끓여요" + en: I'm boiling water in the **pot** + notes: Generated by Claude + - ko: 이 **냄비**는 너무 뜨거워요 + en: This **pot** is too hot + notes: Generated by Claude + + - ko: 냉장고 + en: refrigerator + examples: + - ko: "**냉장고**에 물이 있어요" + en: There is water in the **refrigerator** + notes: Generated by Claude + - ko: "**냉장고**를 열어 주세요" + en: Please open the **refrigerator** + notes: Generated by Claude + + - ko: 김치냉장고 + en: kimchi refrigerator + notes: | +

Many Korean households have a separate refrigerator dedicated just to kimchi, called 김치냉장고, kept at a different temperature/humidity ideal for storing and fermenting kimchi.

+ examples: + - ko: "**김치냉장고**에 김치가 많아요" + en: There is a lot of kimchi in the **kimchi fridge** + notes: Generated by Claude + - ko: 우리 집에는 **김치냉장고**가 있어요 + en: We have a **kimchi fridge** at our house + notes: Generated by Claude + + - ko: 냉동실 + en: freezer + examples: + - ko: 고기를 **냉동실**에 넣어 주세요 + en: Please put the meat in the **freezer** + notes: Generated by Claude + - ko: "**냉동실**이 꽉 찼어요" + en: The **freezer** is full + notes: Generated by Claude + + - ko: 메뉴 + en: menu + notes: | +

Korean people use 메뉴 to refer to the food that can be served at a restaurant/other place, not to the physical booklet listing the food. In English, "menu" usually refers to the physical booklet, which in Korean is called "메뉴판."

+ examples: + - ko: 오늘 점심 **메뉴**가 뭐야? + en: What is today's lunch **menu**? + + verbs: + - ko: 먹다 + en: to eat + examples: + - ko: 다 **먹을** 수 있어요? + en: Can you **eat** it all? + - ko: 더 **먹고** 싶어요? + en: Do you want to **eat** more? + - ko: 같이 **먹자**! + en: Let's **eat** together! + - ko: 저는 아직 안 **먹었어요** + en: I haven't **eaten** yet + - ko: 많이 **드세요**! + en: "**Eat** a lot (enjoy your meal) (formal)" + + - ko: 마시다 + en: to drink + examples: + - ko: 뭐 **마실래요**? + en: What shall we **drink**? + + - ko: 요리하다 + en: to cook + examples: + - ko: 저는 김치찌개를 **요리했어요** + en: I **cooked** kimchi stew + notes: Generated by Claude + - ko: "**요리할** 줄 알아요?" + en: Do you know how to **cook**? + notes: Generated by Claude + + - ko: 따르다 + en: to pour + examples: + - ko: 소주를 좀 더 **따라** 줄까요? + en: Shall I **pour** you a bit more soju? + - ko: 물을 이 컵에 **따라** 주세요 + en: Please **pour** water into this cup + + - ko: 주다 + en: to give + notes: | +

~아/어 주세요 ("please give [me the favor of]...") is extremely common when politely requesting something, so many example sentences with 주다 look like requests rather than the literal verb "to give."

+ examples: + - ko: 물 **주세요** + en: Water, please + - ko: 맥주 2잔 **주세요** + en: Two glasses of beer, please + - ko: 소스를 더 **주세요** + en: Please **give** me more sauce + - ko: 조금 더 **주세요** + en: Just a little bit more, please + - ko: 맛있는 것을 사 **줄게요** + en: I will buy you something delicious + + - ko: 주문하다 + en: to order + notes: | +

[More formal/neutral sounding than 시키다; commonly used when speaking about the act of ordering itself, e.g. at a counter]

+ examples: + - ko: "**주문할게요**" + en: I'm going to **order** now + - ko: "**주문했어요**?" + en: Did you **order**? + + - ko: 시키다 + en: to order + notes: | +

[Often used interchangeably with 주문하다 when ordering food, but 시키다 can also mean "to make someone do something"]

+ examples: + - ko: 뭐 **시켰어요**? + en: What did you **order**? + - ko: 더 **시킬까요**? + en: Shall we **order** more? + + - ko: 계산하다 + en: to pay + notes: | +

[Literally "to calculate"; used specifically for paying a bill, e.g. at a restaurant or store]

+ examples: + - ko: "**계산이요**" + en: Said when you want to pay for your meal at a restaurant + + - ko: 내다 + en: to pay + notes: | +

[Used when talking about who pays/covers the cost, as opposed to 계산하다, which is used for the act of settling the bill]

+ examples: + - ko: 제가 **낼게요** + en: I'll **pay** + - ko: 점심을 누가 **냈어요**? + en: Who **paid** for lunch? + + adjectives: + - ko: 비싸다 + en: expensive + examples: + - ko: 이 식당은 너무 **비싸요** + en: This restaurant is too **expensive** + notes: Generated by Claude + - ko: 소고기가 **비싸요** + en: Beef is **expensive** + notes: Generated by Claude + + - ko: 싸다 + en: cheap + examples: + - ko: 이 김밥은 정말 **싸요** + en: This kimbab is really **cheap** + notes: Generated by Claude + - ko: 더 **싼** 식당이 있어요? + en: Is there a **cheaper** restaurant? + notes: Generated by Claude + + - ko: 배고프다 + en: hungry (sometimes said as 배가 고프다) + examples: + - ko: 아직 **배고파요**? + en: Are you still **hungry**? + + - ko: 배부르다 + en: full (sometimes said as 배가 부르다) + examples: + - ko: 저는 너무 **배불러요** + en: I am too **full** + notes: Generated by Claude + - ko: "**배불러서** 더 못 먹어요" + en: I'm too **full**, I can't eat any more + notes: Generated by Claude + + - ko: 맛있다 + en: delicious + notes: | +

The word "맛" means "taste." So 맛있다 (or 맛이 있다) literally means "to have taste," and 맛없다 (or 맛이 없다) literally means "to not have taste."

+ examples: + - ko: 이 게 **맛있어요** + en: This is **delicious** + - ko: 제일 **맛있는** 게 뭐에요? + en: What is the most **delicious** thing? + - ko: "**맛있게** 드세요!" + en: Bon Appétit (formal) + + - ko: 맛없다 + en: not delicious + notes: | +

Literally "to not have taste" (맛이 없다). See notes on 맛있다.

+ examples: + - ko: 이 음식은 좀 **맛없어요** + en: This food is a bit **not delicious** + notes: Generated by Claude + - ko: 어제 먹은 것은 **맛없었어요** + en: What I ate yesterday was **not delicious** + notes: Generated by Claude + + - ko: 짜다 + en: salty + notes: | +

[In English, "salty" is usually only used when something literally has too much salt. In Korean, 짜다 is used much more broadly to describe anything over-seasoned, so it's heard far more often than its English counterpart.]

+ examples: + - ko: 이 국은 너무 **짜요** + en: This soup is too **salty** + notes: Generated by Claude + - ko: 반찬이 좀 **짜요** + en: The side dishes are a bit **salty** + notes: Generated by Claude + + - ko: 느끼하다 + en: greasy + notes: | +

[Describes food, or the feeling after eating food, that is heavy/doughy/oily — commonly spaghetti, pizza, bread, or anything with a lot of cheese/wheat. Eating something pickled is a common way to counteract this feeling, which is why pickles are often served with pizza or pasta in Korea.]

+ examples: + - ko: 이 피자는 너무 **느끼해요** + en: This pizza is too **greasy** + notes: Generated by Claude + - ko: 스파게티를 먹으면 좀 **느끼해요** + en: When I eat spaghetti, I feel a bit **greasy** + notes: Generated by Claude + + - ko: 고소하다 + en: nutty + notes: | +

[Describes a nutty taste/aroma, most commonly associated with sesame oil (참기름); hard to translate perfectly into English]

+ examples: + - ko: 참기름 냄새가 **고소해요** + en: The sesame oil smells **nutty** + notes: Generated by Claude + - ko: 이 반찬은 **고소한** 맛이 나요 + en: This side dish has a **nutty** taste + notes: Generated by Claude + + meals: + - ko: 아침(식사) + ko_text: 아침 + en: breakfast + notes: | +

아침 also means "morning" (hence 아침식사 literally means "morning meal"), but context always makes clear whether the speaker means "morning" or "breakfast." For example:

+

저는 아침에 일찍 일어났어요 = I woke up early in the morning

+

저는 아침을 먹었어요 = I ate breakfast

+

The same applies to 점심 and 저녁.

+ examples: + - ko: 저는 **아침식사**로 밥을 먹었어요 + en: I ate rice for **breakfast** + - ko: 저는 **아침**에 일찍 일어났어요 + en: I woke up early in the **morning** + - ko: 저는 **아침**을 먹었어요 + en: I ate **breakfast** + + - ko: 점심(식사) + ko_text: 점심 + en: lunch + notes: | +

Like 아침, 점심 can stand alone (without 식사 attached) to mean "lunch," and context makes it clear whether "lunch" is meant. Unlike 아침, 점심 does not separately mean "midday" the way 아침 means "morning" — in everyday use, 점심 simply refers to the meal.

+ examples: + - ko: "**점심**으로 뭐 먹고 싶어요?" + en: What do you want to eat for **lunch**? + - ko: "**점심**을 먹었어?" + en: Did you eat **lunch**? + - ko: "**점심**으로 뭐 먹었어요?" + en: What did you eat for **lunch**? + - ko: "**점심**은 어땠어요?" + en: How was **lunch**? + - ko: "**점심**을 누가 냈어요?" + en: Who paid for **lunch**? + + - ko: 저녁(식사) + ko_text: 저녁 + en: dinner + notes: | +

Like 아침, 저녁 can be used alone (without 식사 attached) to mean "dinner." 저녁 also means "evening," and just as with 아침, context makes it clear whether the speaker means "evening" or "dinner." For example:

+

저는 저녁에 운동해요 = I exercise in the evening

+

저는 저녁을 먹었어요 = I ate dinner

+ examples: + - ko: "**저녁**으로 뭐 먹을래요?" + en: What shall we eat for **dinner**? + notes: Generated by Claude + - ko: 저는 **저녁**을 아직 안 먹었어요 + en: I haven't eaten **dinner** yet + notes: Generated by Claude + + 반찬: + - ko: (배추)김치 + en: (cabbage) kimchi + notes: | +

+

There are many types of kimchi, but when Korean people just say "김치" without specifying, they usually mean the kimchi made from Korean cabbage (배추). The full name "배추김치" is rarely necessary — "김치" alone is understood to mean this type.

+ examples: + - ko: "**김치**에 재료가 많이 들어가요" + en: There are a lot of ingredients in **kimchi** + - ko: "**김치**가 너무 매워요" + en: The **kimchi** is too spicy + notes: Generated by Claude + - ko: 저는 **김치**를 매일 먹어요 + en: I eat **kimchi** every day + notes: Generated by Claude + + - ko: 김 + en: seaweed + examples: + - ko: "**김**을 밥이랑 같이 먹어요" + en: I eat **seaweed** together with rice + notes: Generated by Claude + - ko: "**김**이 바삭바삭해요" + en: The **seaweed** is crispy + notes: Generated by Claude + + - ko: 깍두기 + en: diced radish kimchi + notes: | +

[Made from radish cut into small cubes; one of the most common banchan alongside 배추김치]

+ examples: + - ko: "**깍두기**도 좀 주세요" + en: Please also give me some **diced radish kimchi** + notes: Generated by Claude + - ko: 이 식당 **깍두기**가 맛있어요 + en: This restaurant's **diced radish kimchi** is delicious + notes: Generated by Claude + + - ko: 무생채 + en: sliced radish kimchi + notes: | +

+

[Made from thinly sliced radish that is seasoned but not fermented, unlike most other kimchi; has a fresher, more salad-like texture]

+ examples: + - ko: "**무생채**는 안 매워요" + en: "**Sliced radish kimchi** is not spicy" + notes: Generated by Claude + - ko: "**무생채**를 만들어 봤어요" + en: I tried making **sliced radish kimchi** + notes: Generated by Claude + + - ko: 오이김치 + en: cucumber kimchi + notes: | +

[Made from cucumber, usually stuffed with a spicy radish/chive filling; lighter and more refreshing than cabbage kimchi]

+ examples: + - ko: 여름에는 **오이김치**를 자주 먹어요 + en: I often eat **cucumber kimchi** in the summer + notes: Generated by Claude + - ko: "**오이김치**가 시원해요" + en: "**Cucumber kimchi** is refreshing" + notes: Generated by Claude + + - ko: 총각김치 + en: radish kimchi + notes: | +

[Made with whole small "chonggak" radishes, often including the green tops, usually left whole or cut in half. Compare with 열무김치, which uses young summer radish, and 깍두기, which uses diced radish.]

+ examples: + - ko: "**총각김치**는 무가 통째로 들어가요" + en: "**Chonggak kimchi** has the whole radish in it" + notes: Generated by Claude + - ko: "**총각김치**를 먹어 본 적 있어요?" + en: Have you ever tried **chonggak radish kimchi**? + notes: Generated by Claude + + - ko: 열무김치 + en: radish kimchi + notes: | +

[Made with young summer radish (열무), which has soft leaves and thin roots. Often eaten with cold noodles (열무국수) in summer. Compare with 총각김치, which uses a different, more mature radish.]

+ examples: + - ko: "**열무김치**는 여름에 인기가 많아요" + en: "**Yeolmu kimchi** is very popular in summer" + notes: Generated by Claude + - ko: "**열무김치**국수를 먹고 싶어요" + en: I want to eat **yeolmu kimchi** noodles + notes: Generated by Claude + + - ko: 나물 + en: seasoned herbs/vegetables + notes: | +

[A general term for banchan made from herbs or vegetables that are blanched/cooked and then seasoned, typically with sesame oil, garlic, and salt. 콩나물 무침 is one specific example of 나물.]

+ examples: + - ko: 저는 **나물**을 좋아해요 + en: I like **seasoned vegetables** + notes: Generated by Claude + - ko: 이 **나물**은 고소해요 + en: This **seasoned vegetable dish** is nutty + notes: Generated by Claude + + - ko: 콩나물 무침 + en: seasoned beansprout + notes: | +

[A specific type of 나물 made from soybean sprouts (콩나물), seasoned typically with sesame oil, garlic, and salt]

+ examples: + - ko: "**콩나물 무침**을 만들어 줄게요" + en: I'll make you some **seasoned beansprouts** + notes: Generated by Claude + - ko: "**콩나물 무침**이 아주 고소해요" + en: The **seasoned beansprouts** are very nutty + notes: Generated by Claude + + soups: + - ko: 국 + en: soup (with one main ingredient and a lot of water) + notes: | +

[More of a soup with one main ingredient and a lot of water, compared to 찌개 and 탕]

+ examples: + - ko: "**미역국**을 먹었어요" + en: I ate seaweed **soup** + notes: Generated by Claude + + - ko: 찌개 + en: stew (less water, lots of things boiled together) + notes: | +

[More of a stew with less water than 국, and lots of ingredients boiled together]

+ examples: + - ko: "**김치찌개**를 시켰어요" + en: I ordered kimchi **stew** + notes: Generated by Claude + + - ko: 탕 + en: '"tang" (watery, but boiled for a long time with a lot of stuff in it)' + notes: | +

[Watery like 국, but boiled for a long time and containing a lot of ingredients, often meat/bones]

+ examples: + - ko: "**삼계탕**을 여름에 먹어요" + en: I eat samgyetang (chicken ginseng **soup**) in the summer + notes: Generated by Claude + + - ko: 미역국 + en: seaweed soup + examples: + - ko: 생일에는 **미역국**을 먹어요 + en: We eat **seaweed soup** on birthdays + notes: Generated by Claude + - ko: "**미역국**이 몸에 좋아요" + en: "**Seaweed soup** is good for your body" + notes: Generated by Claude + + - ko: 만둣국 + en: dumpling soup + examples: + - ko: 설날에 **만둣국**을 먹어요 + en: We eat **dumpling soup** on Lunar New Year + notes: Generated by Claude + - ko: "**만둣국**이 따뜻해요" + en: "**Dumpling soup** is warm" + notes: Generated by Claude + + - ko: 삼계탕 + en: chicken soup with ginseng + notes: | +

[Often eaten in the summer, believed to help restore energy during hot weather]

+ examples: + - ko: 더운 날에는 **삼계탕**을 먹어요 + en: We eat **samgyetang** on hot days + notes: Generated by Claude + - ko: "**삼계탕**에는 인삼이 들어가요" + en: "**Samgyetang** contains ginseng" + notes: Generated by Claude + + - ko: 닭볶음탕 + en: stir fried chicken pot + notes: | +

+ examples: + - ko: "**닭볶음탕**은 좀 매워요" + en: "**Dakbokkeumtang** is a bit spicy" + notes: Generated by Claude + - ko: "**닭볶음탕**을 만들 줄 알아요?" + en: Do you know how to make **dakbokkeumtang**? + notes: Generated by Claude + + - ko: 해물탕 + en: spicy seafood stew + examples: + - ko: "**해물탕**에 새우가 들어가요" + en: There is shrimp in the **spicy seafood stew** + notes: Generated by Claude + - ko: "**해물탕**을 나눠 먹자" + en: Let's share the **spicy seafood stew** + notes: Generated by Claude + + - ko: 된장찌개 + en: bean paste stew + examples: + - ko: "**된장찌개**는 짜요" + en: "**Doenjang stew** is salty" + notes: Generated by Claude + - ko: 저는 **된장찌개**를 자주 먹어요 + en: I often eat **doenjang stew** + notes: Generated by Claude + + - ko: 김치찌개 + en: kimchi stew + examples: + - ko: "**김치찌개**를 끓여 줄게요" + en: I'll cook **kimchi stew** for you + notes: Generated by Claude + - ko: "**김치찌개**가 너무 매워요" + en: "**Kimchi stew** is too spicy" + notes: Generated by Claude + + - ko: 감자탕 + en: pork vertebrae stew + notes: | +

+

감자 also means "potato" in Korean, so many foreigners (and even some younger Korean people) incorrectly assume that 감자탕 should contain potatoes. You'll often see potatoes in 감자탕, but this is reportedly a modern phenomenon caused by people ordering 감자탕 and arguing that there should be potatoes in their "potato stew."

+ examples: + - ko: "**감자탕**에는 감자가 없을 수도 있어요" + en: "**Gamjatang** might not have any potatoes in it" + notes: Generated by Claude + - ko: "**감자탕**을 먹으러 가자" + en: Let's go eat **gamjatang** + notes: Generated by Claude + + - ko: 부대찌개 + en: Army soup + notes: | +

During the Korean war, the US military used to give extra food to Korean people on the street. This usually consisted of things like hot-dogs and other similar items, so Korean people at the time took all the ingredients and made a stew out of it.

+ examples: + - ko: "**부대찌개**에는 소시지랑 햄이 들어가요" + en: "**Budae-jjigae** has sausage and ham in it" + notes: Generated by Claude + - ko: "**부대찌개**를 라면이랑 같이 먹어요" + en: I eat **budae-jjigae** together with ramen + notes: Generated by Claude + + meat: + - ko: 삼겹살 + en: pork belly (similar to bacon, but thicker) + notes: | +

+ examples: + - ko: "**삼겹살** 2개랑 밥 2공기 주세요" + en: Two orders of **Samgyupsal**, and two orders of rice, please + + - ko: 오겹살 + en: pork belly (but there are five layers of fat instead of three) + notes: | +

[Compare with 삼겹살, which has three layers of fat/meat; 오겹살 has five layers, making it slightly fattier]

+ examples: + - ko: "**오겹살**은 삼겹살보다 더 기름져요" + en: "**Ogyeopsal** is fattier than samgyeopsal" + notes: Generated by Claude + - ko: "**오겹살**을 구워 먹자" + en: Let's grill and eat some **ogyeopsal** + notes: Generated by Claude + + - ko: 목살 + en: pork neck + examples: + - ko: "**목살**은 좀 덜 기름져요" + en: "**Pork neck** is a bit less greasy" + notes: Generated by Claude + - ko: 저는 **목살**을 제일 좋아해요 + en: I like **pork neck** the most + notes: Generated by Claude + + - ko: 갈비 + en: ribs + examples: + - ko: "**갈비**를 먹으러 가자" + en: Let's go eat **ribs** + notes: Generated by Claude + - ko: "**갈비**는 좀 비싸요" + en: "**Ribs** are a bit expensive" + notes: Generated by Claude + + - ko: LA 갈비 + en: short ribs + notes: | +

[Cut across the bone so several small round bones appear in each strip, unlike traditional 갈비 which is cut along the bone; named after Los Angeles, where this cut became popular]

+ examples: + - ko: "**LA 갈비**는 뼈가 여러 개 보여요" + en: "**LA galbi** has several bones visible in it" + notes: Generated by Claude + - ko: "**LA 갈비**를 양념에 재워 놨어요" + en: I marinated the **LA galbi** + notes: Generated by Claude + + - ko: 닭갈비 + en: stir-fried chicken + notes: | +

[Despite containing "갈비" (ribs) in the name, 닭갈비 doesn't contain ribs at all — it's stir-fried marinated chicken, usually with vegetables and rice cakes]

+ examples: + - ko: "**닭갈비**는 맵고 맛있어요" + en: "**Dakgalbi** is spicy and delicious" + notes: Generated by Claude + - ko: 춘천은 **닭갈비**로 유명해요 + en: Chuncheon is famous for **dakgalbi** + notes: Generated by Claude + + - ko: 불고기 + en: meat marinated in sweet soy sauce + notes: | +

+ examples: + - ko: "**불고기**는 좀 달아요" + en: "**Bulgogi** is a bit sweet" + notes: Generated by Claude + - ko: "**불고기**를 상추에 싸 먹어요" + en: I eat **bulgogi** wrapped in lettuce + notes: Generated by Claude + + - ko: 김치볶음밥 + en: Kimchi fried rice + examples: + - ko: "**김치볶음밥**을 만들어 줄게요" + en: I'll make **kimchi fried rice** for you + notes: Generated by Claude + - ko: "**김치볶음밥**에 계란을 넣었어요" + en: I put an egg in the **kimchi fried rice** + notes: Generated by Claude + + - ko: 김밥 + en: A roll of rice and other ingredients wrapped in seaweed + examples: + - ko: 김밥 1줄 주세요 + en: One (line) of **kimbab** please + - ko: 김밥은 얼마예요? + en: How much is (the) **kimbab**? + + - ko: 떡 + en: Rice cakes + notes: | +

Rice cakes (떡) are soft and doughy, and are not the same as the dry, crunchy rice cakes that are common in the West.

+ examples: + - ko: "**떡**은 쫄깃쫄깃해요" + en: "**Rice cakes** are chewy" + notes: Generated by Claude + - ko: 저는 **떡**을 명절에 먹어요 + en: I eat **rice cakes** during holidays + notes: Generated by Claude + + - ko: 떡볶이 + en: Spicy rice cakes + notes: | +

+ examples: + - ko: "**떡볶이**가 너무 매워요" + en: "**Tteokbokki** is too spicy" + notes: Generated by Claude + - ko: "**떡볶이**를 김밥이랑 같이 먹어요" + en: I eat **tteokbokki** together with kimbab + notes: Generated by Claude + + - ko: 비빔밥 + en: Mixed rice with vegetables + notes: | +

+ examples: + - ko: "**비빔밥**을 잘 비벼야 돼요" + en: You have to mix the **bibimbap** well + notes: Generated by Claude + - ko: "**비빔밥**에 고추장을 넣어요" + en: I put gochujang in the **bibimbap** + notes: Generated by Claude +--- + # (Theme) Unit 1: #3 – Eating ## Introduction @@ -8,69 +912,71 @@ Below is a list of vocabulary you may find useful during a meal or in a restaura ## Vocabulary + + ### Nouns -김치 = kimchi +김치 = kimchi -밥 = rice (or a “meal” or “food”) +밥 = rice (or a “meal” or “food”) -반찬 = side dish +반찬 = side dish -식사 = meal +식사 = meal -물 = water +물 = water -음료수 = beverage +음료수 = beverage -맥주 = beer +맥주 = beer -소주 = a type of Korean traditional alcohol +소주 = a type of Korean traditional alcohol -막걸리 = a type of Korean traditional alcohol +막걸리 = a type of Korean traditional alcohol -콜라 = cola _(Coke/Pepsi)_ +콜라 = cola _(Coke/Pepsi)_ -사이다 = “cider” _(this tastes similar to Sprite/7-Up)_ +사이다 = “cider” _(this tastes similar to Sprite/7-Up)_ -고기 = meat +고기 = meat -돼지고기 = pork +돼지고기 = pork -소고기 = beef +소고기 = beef -해물 = seafood +해물 = seafood -재료 = ingredients +재료 = ingredients -국내산 = some product/food from Korea +국내산 = some product/food from Korea -식당 = restaurant +식당 = restaurant -맛집 = delicious restaurant +맛집 = delicious restaurant -젓가락 = chopstick +젓가락 = chopstick -숟가락 = spoon +숟가락 = spoon -포크 = fork +포크 = fork -접시 = plate +접시 = plate -그릇 = bowl +그릇 = bowl -탁자 = table +탁자 = table -상 = small traditional Korean table that folds out +상 = small traditional Korean table that folds out -냄비 = pot +냄비 = pot -냉장고 = refrigerator +냉장고 = refrigerator -김치냉장고 = kimchi refrigerator +김치냉장고 = kimchi refrigerator -냉동실 = freezer +냉동실 = freezer -메뉴 = menu +메뉴 = menu
@@ -82,37 +988,49 @@ Various types of foods are talked about later in the lesson. ### Verbs -먹다 = to eat +먹다 = to eat -마시다 = to drink +마시다 = to drink -요리하다 = to cook +요리하다 = to cook -따르다 = to pour +따르다 = to pour -주다 = to give +주다 = to give -주문하다 = to order +주문하다 = to order -시키다 = to order +시키다 = to order -계산하다 = to pay +계산하다 = to pay -내다 = to pay +내다 = to pay ### Adjectives -비싸다 = expensive +비싸다 = expensive -싸다 = cheap +싸다 = cheap -배고프다 = hungry (sometimes said as 배가 고프다) +배고프다 = hungry -배부르다 = full (sometimes said as 배가 부르다) +
-맛있다 = delicious +(sometimes said as 배가 고프다) -맛없다 = not delicious +
+ +배부르다 = full (not hungry) + +
+ +(sometimes said as 배가 부르다) + +
+ +맛있다 = delicious + +맛없다 = not delicious
@@ -122,7 +1040,7 @@ The word “맛” in Korean is “taste.” Therefore, by saying “맛있다 There are some words in Korean that we don’t have a good word for in English: -짜다 = “salty” +짜다 = “salty”
@@ -130,7 +1048,7 @@ In English, I would only ever say this word if something literally has too much
-느끼하다 = “greasy” +느끼하다 = “greasy”
@@ -138,7 +1056,7 @@ Korean people use this word to describe the food, or the feeling after eating a
-고소하다 = “nutty” +고소하다 = “nutty”
@@ -148,18 +1066,18 @@ Korean people use this word to describe the feeling/taste when you eat something ### Meals -아침(식사) = breakfast +아침(식사) = breakfast -점심(식사) = lunch +점심(식사) = lunch -저녁(식사) = dinner +저녁(식사) = dinner
While the word for “breakfast” can be seen as “아침식사,” it is very common to refer to it simply as “아침.” Note that this word also means morning (hence, 아침식사 means “morning meal), but the context always makes it clear if you are referring to the morning, or breakfast. For example: -- 저는 아침에 일찍 일어났어요 = I woke up early in the morning -- 저는 아침을 먹었어요 = I ate breakfast +- 저는 아침에 일찍 일어났어요 = I woke up early in the morning +- 저는 아침을 먹었어요 = I ate breakfast The same thing can be said for 점심 and 저녁. @@ -322,63 +1240,69 @@ _(After a meal, it is very common for Korean people continue their outing with f ### General -많이 드세요! = Eat a lot (enjoy your meal) (formal) +많이 드세요! = Eat a lot (enjoy your meal) (formal) -많이 먹어! = Eat a lot (enjoy your meal) (informal) +많이 먹어! = Eat a lot (enjoy your meal) (informal) -맛있게 드세요! = Bon Appétit (formal) +맛있게 드세요! = Bon Appétit (formal) -김치에 재료가 많이 들어가요 = There are a lot of ingredients in kimchi +김치에 재료가 많이 들어가요 = There are a lot of ingredients in kimchi -저는 어제 고기를 2번 먹었어요 = I ate meat twice yesterday +저는 어제 고기를 2번 먹었어요 = I ate meat twice yesterday -저는 지난 번에 돼지고기를 먹었어요 = We ate pork last time +저는 지난 번에 돼지고기를 먹었어요 = We ate pork last time -저는 밥을 5시에 먹을 거에요 = I will eat at 5:00 +저는 밥을 5시에 먹을 거에요 = I will eat at 5:00 -저는 사흘 동안 밥을 안 먹었어요 = I didn’t eat rice for 3 days +저는 사흘 동안 밥을 안 먹었어요 = I didn’t eat rice for 3 days -저는 2주일 동안 한식을 안 먹었어요 = I didn’t eat Korean food for two weeks +저는 2주일 동안 한식을 안 먹었어요 = I didn’t eat Korean food for two weeks -저는 아침식사로 밥을 먹었어요 = I ate rice for breakfast +저는 아침식사로 밥을 먹었어요 = I ate rice for breakfast -저는 보통 점심식사로 과일만 먹어요 = I usually only eat fruit for lunch +저는 보통 점심식사로 과일만 먹어요 = I usually only eat fruit for lunch -저는 빵을 친구랑 먹었어요 = I ate bread with a friend +저는 빵을 친구랑 먹었어요 = I ate bread with a friend -저는 밥을 먹고 갈 거에요 = I will eat and then go +저는 밥을 먹고 갈 거에요 = I will eat and then go -저는 엄마가 밥을 먹은 지 안 먹은 지 몰라요 = I don’t know if mom ate or not +저는 엄마가 밥을 먹은 지 안 먹은 지 몰라요 = I don’t know if mom ate or not -밥을 먹은 지 5분 됐다 = I have been eating for 5 minutes +밥을 먹은 지 5분 됐다 = I have been eating for 5 minutes ### Things you might see written in a restaurant -어서 오십시오 = Come in! +어서 오십시오 = Come in! -물은 셀프입니다 = Water is self-serve +물은 셀프입니다 = Water is self-serve -반찬을 남기지 마세요 = Don’t leave any ban-chan (side dishes) +반찬을 남기지 마세요 = Don’t leave any ban-chan (side dishes) -반찬을 먹을 만큼만 가져가세요 = Only take the amount of side-dishes that you will eat +반찬을 먹을 만큼만 가져가세요 = Only take the amount of side-dishes that you will eat Korean restaurants display the country of origin of their food products. If the product came from Korea, you will see “국내산.” For any other country, the country name is placed before “\~산.” For example: -- 소고기 – 호주산 = Beef – Australia -- 돼지고기 – 미국산 = Pork – America -- 김치 – 국내산 = Kimchi – Korea (domestic) +- 소고기 – 호주산 = Beef – Australia +- 돼지고기 – 미국산 = Pork – America +- 김치 – 국내산 = Kimchi – Korea (domestic) ## What do Korean People Eat? Korean people traditionally eat rice with every meal. These days, with the continual influx of Westernized restaurants and eating habits, this doesn’t happen all of the time, but it is still the norm. The word rice (밥) is often used to refer to a meal in general, regardless of if the meal actually had rice in it or not. For example, if you just wanted to ask somebody if they ate, you could ask them: -밥을 먹었어? = Did you eat (rice)? +- 밥을 먹었어? = Did you eat (rice)? Rice is the staple food at the table, and each meal will consist of various different types of 반찬. “반찬” typically translates to “side-dishes” in English, but they are not a typical side-dish in the way western people think. To me, a side dish is something you order (and pay more for) when you go to a restaurant – like an appetizer or something like that. In Korea, 반찬 are pre-made foods that are often able to be stored for a long time (due to fermentation). At home, Korean people store all of their 반찬 in dozens of Tupperware containers in the refrigerator. +### 반찬 + +--- + + + The most common 반찬 of all (both in Korea and worldwide) is 김치. Korean people have so many Tupperware containers full of 김치 at their house, most people have a separate refrigerator (that looks like a deep freezer) that holds _only_ 김치. -During a Korean meal, various반찬 are spread across a table – in what looks to be an enormous amount of food. +During a Korean meal, various 반찬 are spread across a table – in what looks to be an enormous amount of food. ![banchan|355x260](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/banchan.jpg) @@ -388,7 +1312,7 @@ During the meal, Korean people will eat their bowl of rice and have a few pieces Here are some examples of some common 반찬 you will find in Korea. The translations of these are meaningless in English mostly because we would never eat something like this in a Western Culture. Pay more attention to the Korean word and how it looks instead of trying to understand what the thing might be based on the English word: -(배추)김치 = (cabbage) kimchi +(배추)김치 = (cabbage) kimchi
@@ -398,11 +1322,11 @@ _There are many types of kimchi, but the one that most people are referring to w
-김 = seaweed +김 = seaweed -깍두기 = diced radish kimchi +깍두기 = diced radish kimchi -무생채 = sliced radish kimchi +무생채 = sliced radish kimchi
@@ -410,15 +1334,15 @@ _There are many types of kimchi, but the one that most people are referring to w
-오이김치 = cucumber kimchi +오이김치 = cucumber kimchi -총각김치 = radish kimchi +총각김치 = radish kimchi -열무김치 = radish kimchi +열무김치 = radish kimchi -나물 = seasoned herbs/vegetables +나물 = seasoned herbs/vegetables -콩나물 무침 = seasoned beansprout +콩나물 무침 = seasoned beansprout Listing out all the 반찬 and explaining what each one is would take _forever._ There are hundreds of different types, and they all can’t really be explained in English. @@ -426,6 +1350,10 @@ In addition to the rice and 반찬, there are various soups (국) and meats (고 ### Soups +--- + + + There are three different things that Western people might call “soup.” You will see many different foods ending with 국, 찌개 or 탕. The difference between them confuses me even to this day. If you ask a Korean person what the difference between 국, 찌개, and 탕 is they will say “탕 is 탕, 국 is 국 and 찌개 is 찌개.” @@ -434,19 +1362,19 @@ Really, they are all very similar and it’s best to just know each individual f Nonetheless, -- 국 = this is more of a soup with one main ingredient and a lot of water -- 찌개 = this is more of a stew with less water and lots of things boiled up together -- 탕 = this is watery, but boiled for a long time and there is a bunch of stuff in it +- 국 = this is more of a soup with one main ingredient and a lot of water +- 찌개 = this is more of a stew with less water and lots of things boiled up together +- 탕 = this is watery, but boiled for a long time and there is a bunch of stuff in it Below are some of the more common and popular soups, stews, or whatever you want to call them: -미역국 = seaweed soup +미역국 = seaweed soup -만둣국 = dumpling soup +만둣국 = dumpling soup -삼계탕 = chicken soup with ginseng +삼계탕 = chicken soup with ginseng -닭볶음탕 = stir fried chicken pot +닭볶음탕 = stir fried chicken pot
@@ -454,33 +1382,41 @@ Below are some of the more common and popular soups, stews, or whatever you want
-해물탕 = spicy seafood stew +해물탕 = spicy seafood stew -된장찌개 = bean paste stew +된장찌개 = bean paste stew -김치찌개 = kimchi stew +김치찌개 = kimchi stew -감자탕 = pork vertebrae stew +감자탕 = pork vertebrae stew
![감자탕](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/kamjatang.jpg) -
- 감자 _also means “potato” in Korea, so many foreigners (and even some younger Korean people) incorrectly assume that_ 감자탕 _should contain potatoes. You’ll often see potatoes in_ 감자탕, _but I’ve heard that this is a modern phenomenon caused by people ordering_ 감자탕 _and arguing that there is no potatoes in their “potato stew.”_ -부대찌개 = Army soup +
+ +부대찌개 = Army soup + +
(_During the Korean war, the US military used to give extra food to Korean people on the street. This usually consisted of things like hot-dogs and stuff like that, so Korean people at the time took all the ingredients and made a stew out of it_) +
+ ### Meat +--- + + + Korean meat is often fried in-front of you, and you typically do it yourself. This style of food is usually translated to “Korean BBQ” in English. Having a room full of people Barbequing their own meat in an enclosed restaurant usually results in a lot of smoke, and meat-smelling clothes by the end of the night. Below are some of the more common and popular meats you will find Korean people eating: -삼겹살 = pork belly (similar to bacon, but thicker) +삼겹살 = pork belly (similar to bacon, but thicker)
@@ -488,17 +1424,17 @@ Below are some of the more common and popular meats you will find Korean people
-오겹살 = pork belly (but there are five layers of fat instead of three) +오겹살 = pork belly (but there are five layers of fat instead of three) -목살 = pork neck +목살 = pork neck -갈비 = ribs +갈비 = ribs -LA 갈비 = short ribs +LA 갈비 = short ribs -닭갈비 = stir-fried chicken +닭갈비 = stir-fried chicken -불고기 = meet marinated in sweet soy sauce +불고기 = meet marinated in sweet soy sauce
@@ -512,15 +1448,19 @@ _삼겹살 with 반찬_ In addition to those, below are some other common foods you will find in Korea: -김치볶음밥 = Kimchi fried rice +김치볶음밥 = Kimchi fried rice -김밥 = A roll of rice and other ingredients wrapped in seaweed +김밥 = A roll of rice and other ingredients wrapped in seaweed -떡 = Rice cakes +떡 = Rice cakes + +
_(Rice cakes are soft and doughy and are not the same as the dry rice cakes that we are used to in the West)_ -떡볶이 = Spicy rice cakes +
+ +떡볶이 = Spicy rice cakes
@@ -528,7 +1468,7 @@ _(Rice cakes are soft and doughy and are not the same as the dry rice cakes that
-비빔밥 = Mixed rice with vegetables +비빔밥 = Mixed rice with vegetables