From 8cb95a5b9d3ee9827c852509c255057a165a7d6c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: polv Date: Sun, 6 Sep 2026 11:42:37 +0700 Subject: [PATCH] school vocab quiz --- docs/howtostudykorean/theme/school.md | 741 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 741 insertions(+) diff --git a/docs/howtostudykorean/theme/school.md b/docs/howtostudykorean/theme/school.md index 81abd46..2b940fe 100644 --- a/docs/howtostudykorean/theme/school.md +++ b/docs/howtostudykorean/theme/school.md @@ -1,3 +1,742 @@ +--- +vocabulary: + nouns: + - ko: 학교 + en: school + notes: | +

Basic word for "school" in general, used for elementary, middle, high school, or university contexts (though 대학교 is more specific for university).

+ examples: + - ko: 저는 매일 **학교**에 가요 + en: I go to **school** every day + - ko: 우리 **학교**는 정말 커요 + en: Our **school** is really big + - ko: "**학교** 끝나고 뭐 할 거예요?" + en: What are you going to do after **school**? + + - ko: 학생 + en: student + notes: | +

General word for "student," used for any level of schooling.

+ examples: + - ko: 저는 **학생**이에요 + en: I am a **student** + - ko: 이 반에는 **학생**이 몇 명 있어요? + en: How many **students** are in this class? + - ko: 그 **학생**은 항상 질문이 많아요 + en: That **student** always has a lot of questions + + - ko: 선생님 + en: teacher + notes: | +

The polite, everyday word for "teacher." Also commonly used as a title/honorific when addressing or referring to a teacher, similar to "Mr./Ms. [Name]."

+ examples: + - ko: 우리 **선생님**은 친절해요 + en: Our **teacher** is kind + - ko: "**선생님**, 질문 있어요" + en: "**Teacher**, I have a question" + - ko: 저는 커서 **선생님**이 되고 싶어요 + en: I want to become a **teacher** when I grow up + + - ko: 교사 + en: teacher + notes: | +

A more formal/official word for "teacher," often used in writing, job titles, or news, rather than in direct conversation (where 선생님 is preferred).

+ examples: + - ko: 그는 초등학교 **교사**예요 + en: He is an elementary school **teacher** + - ko: "**교사**가 되려면 시험을 봐야 해요" + en: To become a **teacher**, you have to take an exam + + - ko: 담임선생님 + en: homeroom teacher + notes: | +

Refers specifically to the homeroom teacher who is in charge of a particular class (반) of students.

+ examples: + - ko: 우리 **담임선생님**은 수학을 가르쳐요 + en: Our **homeroom teacher** teaches math + - ko: 새 학년이 되면 **담임선생님**이 바뀌어요 + en: When the new school year starts, the **homeroom teacher** changes + + - ko: 교장선생님 + en: principal + notes: | +

Refers to the principal of a school. 교장 alone means "principal," and 선생님 is added as a respectful title.

+ examples: + - ko: "**교장선생님**이 연설을 했어요" + en: The **principal** gave a speech + - ko: 우리 **교장선생님**은 매우 엄격해요 + en: Our **principal** is very strict + + - ko: 교감선생님 + en: vice principal + notes: | +

Refers to the vice principal, who typically ranks just below the 교장선생님 (principal).

+ examples: + - ko: "**교감선생님**이 학생들을 도와줬어요" + en: The **vice principal** helped the students + - ko: "**교감선생님**은 매일 아침 인사를 해요" + en: The **vice principal** greets everyone every morning + + - ko: 원어민 선생님 + en: native speaking teacher + notes: | +

Refers to a native-speaking teacher, most commonly used for foreign language teachers (like English) who are native speakers of that language.

+ examples: + - ko: "**원어민 선생님**과 영어로 대화했어요" + en: I talked with the **native speaking teacher** in English + - ko: "**원어민 선생님**은 미국에서 왔어요" + en: The **native speaking teacher** is from America + + - ko: 과목 + en: subject + notes: | +

Refers to an academic subject, such as math, science, English, etc.

+ examples: + - ko: 제가 제일 좋아하는 **과목**은 수학이에요 + en: My favorite **subject** is math + - ko: 어떤 **과목**을 가르치세요? + en: What **subject** do you teach? + - ko: 그 **과목**은 너무 어려워요 + en: That **subject** is too difficult + + - ko: 반 + en: class (group of students) + notes: | +

Refers to a class as a group of students (like "homeroom" or "section"), not the lesson itself. Compare with 수업, which refers to the lesson/class session.

+ examples: + - ko: 우리 **반**에는 학생이 25명 있어요 + en: Our **class** has 25 students + - ko: 저는 3학년 2**반**이에요 + en: I'm in 3rd grade, **class** 2 + - ko: 같은 **반** 친구예요 + en: We're friends from the same **class** + + - ko: 수업 + en: class (lesson) + notes: | +

Refers to a class session or lesson, as opposed to 반 which refers to a group of students. Also commonly used with 듣다 ("to take a class") and 끝나다 ("class ends").

+ examples: + - ko: "**수업**이 몇 시에 시작해요?" + en: What time does **class** start? + - ko: "**수업** 끝나고 만나요" + en: Let's meet after **class** + - ko: 저는 지금 **수업**을 듣고 있어요 + en: I'm currently taking a **class** + + - ko: 교실 + en: classroom + notes: | +

Refers to the physical classroom space.

+ examples: + - ko: "**교실**이 너무 추워요" + en: The **classroom** is too cold + - ko: 우리 **교실**은 3층에 있어요 + en: Our **classroom** is on the 3rd floor + + - ko: 교시 + en: period + notes: | +

Counter word used for class periods, always used with a number (일 교시, 이 교시, etc.). Uses Sino-Korean numbers.

+ examples: + - ko: 지금 몇 **교시**예요? + en: What **period** is it now? + - ko: 다음 **교시**는 뭐예요? + en: What's the next **period**? + + - ko: 1교시 + en: first period ("일 교시") + notes: | +

Uses Sino-Korean number 일 (one) with the counter 교시. This numbering pattern continues for all class periods.

+ examples: + - ko: "**1교시**는 국어 수업이에요" + en: "**First period** is Korean language class" + - ko: "**1교시**에 늦었어요" + en: I was late for **first period** + + - ko: 2교시 + en: second period ("이 교시") + notes: | +

Uses Sino-Korean number 이 (two) with the counter 교시.

+ examples: + - ko: "**2교시**는 영어 수업이에요" + en: "**Second period** is English class" + - ko: "**2교시**에 시험을 봤어요" + en: I took an exam during **second period** + + - ko: 시간표 + en: timetable + notes: | +

Refers to a class schedule/timetable.

+ examples: + - ko: "**시간표**를 확인해 봤어요?" + en: Did you check the **timetable**? + - ko: 이번 학기 **시간표**가 바뀌었어요 + en: This semester's **timetable** changed + + - ko: 급식 + en: the lunch served at school + notes: | +

Refers specifically to school-provided cafeteria lunch, as opposed to a packed lunch.

+ examples: + - ko: 오늘 **급식**은 맛있었어요 + en: Today's school **lunch** was delicious + - ko: "**급식** 메뉴가 뭐예요?" + en: What's on the **lunch** menu? + + - ko: 동아리 + en: club + notes: | +

Refers to a school club or extracurricular activity group.

+ examples: + - ko: 저는 축구 **동아리**에 들어갔어요 + en: I joined the soccer **club** + - ko: 어떤 **동아리** 활동을 하세요? + en: What **club** activity do you do? + + - ko: 시험 + en: exam + notes: | +

General word for "exam" or "test." Often paired with 보다 to mean "to take an exam."

+ examples: + - ko: 내일 **시험**이 있어요 + en: There's an **exam** tomorrow + - ko: "**시험**이 너무 어려웠어요" + en: The **exam** was too hard + - ko: "**시험** 공부를 열심히 했어요" + en: I studied hard for the **exam** + + - ko: 중간고사 + en: midterm exam + notes: | +

Refers specifically to the midterm exam.

+ examples: + - ko: "**중간고사**가 다음 주예요" + en: The **midterm exam** is next week + - ko: "**중간고사**를 잘 봤어요" + en: I did well on the **midterm exam** + + - ko: 기말고사 + en: final exam + notes: | +

Refers specifically to the final exam.

+ examples: + - ko: "**기말고사**는 이번 달 말에 있어요" + en: The **final exam** is at the end of this month + - ko: "**기말고사** 준비하느라 바빠요" + en: I'm busy preparing for the **final exam** + + - ko: 문제 + en: problem/question + notes: | +

Can refer to a "problem" in general or a "question" on a test/worksheet.

+ examples: + - ko: 이 **문제**를 풀 수 없어요 + en: I can't solve this **problem** + - ko: 시험에 어려운 **문제**가 많았어요 + en: There were many difficult **problems** on the exam + - ko: 그건 큰 **문제**가 아니에요 + en: That's not a big **problem** + + - ko: 질문 + en: question + notes: | +

Refers to a "question" asked in conversation or class, as opposed to 문제 which often refers to test/exercise questions.

+ examples: + - ko: "**질문** 있어요?" + en: Do you have a **question**? + - ko: 좋은 **질문**이에요 + en: That's a good **question** + - ko: "**질문**에 대답해 주세요" + en: Please answer the **question** + + - ko: 방학 + en: vacation + notes: | +

Refers specifically to a school vacation/break (like summer or winter break), as opposed to 휴가 which is used for adult work vacations.

+ examples: + - ko: "**방학** 때 뭐 할 거예요?" + en: What are you going to do during **vacation**? + - ko: 여름 **방학**이 곧 시작돼요 + en: Summer **vacation** starts soon + - ko: "**방학**이 벌써 끝났어요" + en: "**Vacation** is already over" + + - ko: 초등학교 + en: elementary school + notes: | +

Refers to elementary school (grades 1-6 in Korea).

+ examples: + - ko: 제 동생은 **초등학교**에 다녀요 + en: My younger sibling attends **elementary school** + - ko: "**초등학교** 때 친구를 아직도 만나요" + en: I still meet my friends from **elementary school** + + - ko: 중학교 + en: middle school + notes: | +

Refers to middle school (grades 7-9 in Korea).

+ examples: + - ko: 저는 **중학교** 2학년이에요 + en: I'm in **middle school** 2nd grade + - ko: "**중학교**에서 새 친구를 많이 사귀었어요" + en: I made a lot of new friends in **middle school** + + - ko: 고등학교 + en: high school + notes: | +

Refers to high school (grades 10-12 in Korea).

+ examples: + - ko: "**고등학교** 생활은 정말 바빴어요" + en: "**High school** life was really busy" + - ko: 저는 **고등학교**를 졸업했어요 + en: I graduated from **high school** + - ko: "**고등학교** 친구들을 아직 만나요" + en: I still see my **high school** friends + + - ko: 국립고등학교 + en: public high school + notes: | +

Refers to a public/national high school, funded and operated by the government.

+ examples: + - ko: 저는 **국립고등학교**에 다녔어요 + en: I attended a **public high school** + + - ko: 사립고등학교 + en: private high school + notes: | +

Refers to a private high school.

+ examples: + - ko: 그 **사립고등학교**는 학비가 비싸요 + en: That **private high school** has expensive tuition + + - ko: 학원 + en: after school private academy + notes: | +

Refers to a private academy/cram school that students attend after regular school hours for extra study.

+ examples: + - ko: 저는 매일 **학원**에 가요 + en: I go to **academy** every day + - ko: "**학원** 숙제가 너무 많아요" + en: I have too much **academy** homework + - ko: 영어 **학원**에 다니고 있어요 + en: I'm attending an English **academy** + + - ko: 학년 + en: grade (3학년 "삼학년" = third grade) + notes: | +

Refers to a school grade/year level. Uses Sino-Korean numbers (일학년, 이학년, 삼학년, etc.).

+ examples: + - ko: 저는 몇 **학년**이에요 + en: What **grade** are you in + - ko: 3**학년** 학생들이 시험을 봐요 + en: The 3rd **grade** students are taking an exam + + - ko: 학기 + en: semester (1학기 "일학기" = first semester) + notes: | +

Refers to a school semester. Uses Sino-Korean numbers (일학기, 이학기).

+ examples: + - ko: 이번 **학기**는 정말 힘들었어요 + en: This **semester** was really hard + - ko: 다음 **학기**에 뭘 배워요? + en: What will you learn next **semester**? + + - ko: 수능 + en: Korean SAT (short for 대학수학능력시험) + notes: | +

Short for 대학수학능력시험, the standardized college entrance exam in Korea, similar to the SAT.

+ examples: + - ko: "**수능**은 11월에 있어요" + en: The **Korean SAT** is in November + - ko: "**수능**을 잘 봐야 해요" + en: I need to do well on the **Korean SAT** + + - ko: 수행평가 + en: performance assessment + notes: | +

Refers to a performance-based assessment (like a project, presentation, or report), as opposed to a written exam.

+ examples: + - ko: "**수행평가**를 제출해야 해요" + en: I have to submit my **performance assessment** + - ko: "**수행평가** 점수가 잘 나왔어요" + en: I got a good score on the **performance assessment** + + verbs: + - ko: 가르치다 + en: to teach + notes: | +

Basic verb meaning "to teach."

+ examples: + - ko: 저는 영어를 **가르쳐요** + en: I **teach** English + - ko: 그 선생님은 수학을 잘 **가르쳐요** + en: That teacher **teaches** math well + - ko: 저에게 한국어를 **가르쳐** 주세요 + en: Please **teach** me Korean + + - ko: 배우다 + en: to learn + notes: | +

Basic verb meaning "to learn."

+ examples: + - ko: 저는 한국어를 **배워요** + en: I **learn/am learning** Korean + - ko: 새로운 것을 **배우는** 게 재미있어요 + en: "**Learning** new things is fun" + - ko: 어디에서 그걸 **배웠어요**? + en: Where did you **learn** that? + + - ko: 듣다 + en: to hear (used when "taking" a class) + notes: | +

Literally means "to hear/listen," but is used idiomatically with 수업 to mean "to take a class." An irregular ㄷ verb.

+ examples: + - ko: 저는 이 수업을 **들어요** + en: I'm **taking** this class + - ko: 어떤 수업을 **듣고** 있어요? + en: What classes are you **taking**? + - ko: 그 강의를 **들은** 적이 있어요 + en: I've **taken** that lecture before + + - ko: 이해하다 + en: understand + notes: | +

Basic verb meaning "to understand."

+ examples: + - ko: 이제 **이해했어요** + en: Now I **understand** + - ko: 그 설명을 **이해하기** 힘들었어요 + en: It was hard to **understand** that explanation + - ko: 완전히 **이해했어요**? + en: Do you fully **understand**? + + - ko: 이해가 안 되다 + en: to not understand + notes: | +

Literally "understanding doesn't happen/come." A common alternative to negating 이해하다 directly, often used to express confusion in the moment.

+ examples: + - ko: 이 문제가 **이해가 안 돼요** + en: I **don't understand** this problem + - ko: 아직도 **이해가 안 돼요** + en: I still **don't understand** + + - ko: 설명하다 + en: to explain + notes: | +

Basic verb meaning "to explain."

+ examples: + - ko: 다시 **설명해** 주세요 + en: Please **explain** it again + - ko: 선생님이 자세히 **설명했어요** + en: The teacher **explained** it in detail + - ko: 이걸 어떻게 **설명해야** 할지 모르겠어요 + en: I don't know how to **explain** this + + - ko: 평가하다 + en: to evaluate + notes: | +

Basic verb meaning "to evaluate" or "assess."

+ examples: + - ko: 선생님이 학생들을 **평가해요** + en: The teacher **evaluates** the students + - ko: 이 과제는 어떻게 **평가돼요**? + en: How is this assignment **evaluated**? + + - ko: 시험을 보다 + en: to take an exam + notes: | +

Common collocation using 보다 ("to see/take") with 시험 ("exam") to mean "to take an exam."

+ examples: + - ko: 내일 **시험을 봐요** + en: I'm **taking an exam** tomorrow + - ko: "**시험을 잘 봤어요**" + en: I **did well on the exam** + - ko: 언제 **시험을 봐요**? + en: When are you **taking the exam**? + + - ko: 채점하다 + en: to mark or grade an exam + notes: | +

Verb used specifically for grading/marking exams or assignments.

+ examples: + - ko: 선생님이 시험지를 **채점하고** 있어요 + en: The teacher is **grading** the exam papers + - ko: 아직 **채점이** 안 끝났어요 + en: The **grading** isn't finished yet + + other: + - ko: 방과 후 수업 + en: after school class (also refers to a class during the vacation) + notes: | +

Refers to an after-school class, or can also refer to a special class held during school vacation.

+ examples: + - ko: "**방과 후 수업**에서 그림을 배워요" + en: I learn drawing in **after school class** + - ko: "**방과 후 수업**은 몇 시에 끝나요?" + en: What time does **after school class** end? + + - ko: 학교 끝나고… + en: after school + notes: | +

Literally "after school ends…", a common way to say "after school" when talking about plans.

+ examples: + - ko: "**학교 끝나고** 뭐 할 거예요?" + en: What will you do **after school**? + - ko: "**학교 끝나고** 친구를 만났어요" + en: I met a friend **after school** + + - ko: 수업 전에 + en: before class + notes: | +

Uses 전에 ("before") after 수업 ("class") to mean "before class."

+ examples: + - ko: "**수업 전에** 숙제를 확인했어요" + en: I checked my homework **before class** + - ko: "**수업 전에** 도착해야 해요" + en: I have to arrive **before class** + + - ko: 수업 끝나고… + en: after class + notes: | +

Literally "after class ends…", parallel in structure to 학교 끝나고.

+ examples: + - ko: "**수업 끝나고** 뭐 할 거예요?" + en: What will you do **after class**? + - ko: "**수업 끝나고** 카페에 갔어요" + en: I went to a cafe **after class** + + subjects: + - ko: 외국어 + en: Foreign Languages + notes: | +

General term for "foreign language(s)," used to refer to the subject category rather than one specific language.

+ examples: + - ko: 저는 외국어를 배우는 것을 좋아해요 + en: I like learning foreign languages + - ko: 외국어 수업이 몇 개 있어요? + en: How many foreign language classes do you have? + + - ko: 영어 + en: English + notes: | +

Refers to the English language/subject.

+ examples: + - ko: 저는 영어 선생님이에요 + en: I am an English teacher + - ko: 이 사람은 우리 학교(의) 영어 원어민 선생님이에요 + en: This person is our school's native English teacher + - ko: 영어 시험이 너무 어려웠어요 + en: The English exam was so difficult + + - ko: 영어회화 + en: English Conversation + notes: | +

Refers to English conversation as a subject, as distinct from general English classes that may focus more on grammar or reading.

+ examples: + - ko: 저는 영어회화 선생님이에요 + en: I am an English conversation teacher + - ko: 저는 한국에서 영어 회화선생님이에요 + en: I am an English conversation teacher in Korea + - ko: 저는 오늘 2교시에 영어회화 수업이 있어요 + en: I have an English conversation class today at 2nd period + + - ko: 중국어 + en: Chinese + notes: | +

Refers to the Chinese language/subject.

+ examples: + - ko: 저는 중국어를 배우고 싶어요 + en: I want to learn Chinese + - ko: 중국어는 어려워요 + en: Chinese is difficult + + - ko: 일본어 + en: Japanese + notes: | +

Refers to the Japanese language/subject.

+ examples: + - ko: 저는 일본어를 조금 할 수 있어요 + en: I can speak a little Japanese + - ko: 일본어 수업을 듣고 있어요 + en: I'm taking a Japanese class + + - ko: 독일어 + en: German + notes: | +

Refers to the German language/subject.

+ examples: + - ko: 독일어는 문법이 복잡해요 + en: German grammar is complicated + + - ko: 스페인어 + en: Spanish + notes: | +

Refers to the Spanish language/subject.

+ examples: + - ko: 스페인어를 배우고 싶어요 + en: I want to learn Spanish + + - ko: 프랑스어 + en: French + notes: | +

Refers to the French language/subject.

+ examples: + - ko: 프랑스어 발음이 예뻐요 + en: French pronunciation is pretty + + - ko: 국어 + en: Korean + notes: | +

Refers to the Korean language as a school subject (literally "national language"), used specifically to refer to a Korean school's own native language class, as opposed to 한국어 which refers to Korean in a general/foreign-language-learning sense.

+ examples: + - ko: 국어 시험이 어려웠어요 + en: The Korean exam was difficult + - ko: 1교시는 국어 수업이에요 + en: First period is Korean language class + + - ko: 문학 + en: Literature + notes: | +

Refers to literature as a subject.

+ examples: + - ko: 문학 수업에서 시를 배웠어요 + en: We learned poems in literature class + + - ko: 과학 + en: Science + notes: | +

General term for "science" as a subject.

+ examples: + - ko: 저는 과학동아리에 가입했어요 + en: I entered the science club + - ko: 저는 과학동아리를 하고 있어요 + en: I am in the science club + - ko: 저는 과학동아리이에요 + en: I am in the science club + + - ko: 생물 + en: Biology + notes: | +

Refers to biology as a subject.

+ examples: + - ko: 생물 시험을 잘 봤어요 + en: I did well on the biology exam + + - ko: 화학 + en: Chemistry + notes: | +

Refers to chemistry as a subject.

+ examples: + - ko: 화학은 너무 어려워요 + en: Chemistry is too difficult + + - ko: 물리 + en: Physics + notes: | +

Refers to physics as a subject.

+ examples: + - ko: 물리 문제를 못 풀었어요 + en: I couldn't solve the physics problem + + - ko: 지구과학 + en: Earth Sciences + notes: | +

Refers to earth science as a subject.

+ examples: + - ko: 지구과학은 화산에 대해 배워요 + en: In earth science, we learn about volcanoes + + - ko: 사회 + en: Social Studies + notes: | +

Refers to social studies as a school subject.

+ examples: + - ko: 사회 수업이 있어요 + en: I have social studies class + + - ko: 지리 + en: Geography + notes: | +

Refers to geography as a subject.

+ examples: + - ko: 지리 시험에 지도가 나왔어요 + en: A map appeared on the geography exam + + - ko: 역사 + en: History + notes: | +

Refers to history as a subject.

+ examples: + - ko: 역사 수업은 재미있어요 + en: History class is fun + + - ko: 윤리 + en: Ethics + notes: | +

Refers to ethics as a school subject.

+ examples: + - ko: 윤리 시간에 철학자에 대해 배웠어요 + en: In ethics class, we learned about philosophers + + - ko: 정치 + en: Politics + notes: | +

Refers to politics as a subject.

+ examples: + - ko: 정치 수업에서 토론을 했어요 + en: We had a debate in politics class + + - ko: 경제 + en: Economics + notes: | +

Refers to economics as a subject.

+ examples: + - ko: 경제 시험이 다음 주에 있어요 + en: There's an economics exam next week + + - ko: 예체능 + en: Arts and Physical Education + notes: | +

Umbrella term combining "arts" (예) and "physical education" (체능), used to refer to that category of subjects together.

+ examples: + - ko: 예체능 수업은 오후에 있어요 + en: Arts and PE classes are in the afternoon + + - ko: 미술 + en: Art + notes: | +

Refers to art as a subject.

+ examples: + - ko: 미술 시간에 그림을 그렸어요 + en: We drew pictures in art class + + - ko: 체육 + en: Physical Education + notes: | +

Refers to physical education (PE) as a subject.

+ examples: + - ko: 저는 처음에 체육 수업을 싫어했어요 + en: At first I didn't like PE class + + - ko: 수학 + en: Mathematics + notes: | +

Refers to mathematics as a subject.

+ examples: + - ko: 제가 제일 좋아하는 과목은 수학이에요 + en: My favorite subject is math + - ko: 그 선생님은 수학을 잘 가르쳐요 + en: That teacher teaches math well + + - ko: 미적분 + en: Calculus + notes: | +

Refers to calculus as a subject, more advanced/specific than 수학 (math) generally.

+ examples: + - ko: 미적분은 정말 어려워요 + en: Calculus is really difficult +--- + # (Theme) Unit 1: #1 – School ## Introduction @@ -52,6 +791,8 @@ Below is a list of other vocabulary you may find useful in a school: ## Vocabulary + + ### Nouns 학교 = school