lesson 21 grammar
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@@ -616,7 +616,7 @@ Notes:
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The word “개” is usually used for dogs that are not pets.
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The counter for animals is “<TTS>마리</TTS>.” See [Lesson 10](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-9-16/unit-1-lesson-10/) for more information.
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The counter for animals is “<TTS>마리</TTS>.” See [Lesson 10](./10-numbers.md) for more information.
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The sound a dog makes in Korean is “<TTS>멍멍</TTS>.” This is like saying “woof woof” in English.
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@@ -1095,7 +1095,7 @@ You might also want to try listening to all of the words on loop with this [Voca
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## Introduction
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In [Lesson 1](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-1-8/unit-1-lesson-1/) you learned about simple Korean particles. To review, you learned that:
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In [Lesson 1](./01-sentences.md) you learned about simple Korean particles. To review, you learned that:
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- ~는 or ~은 are used to indicate <span class="md spoiler">the subject (or main person/thing)</span> in a sentence.
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- ~를 or ~을 are used to indicate <span class="md spoiler">the object</span> in a sentence.
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@@ -1127,7 +1127,7 @@ Let’s talk about the first usage, “to have.” In English, “to have” is
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This usage of 있다 in Korean is an _adjective._ This is hard for a learner to wrap their head around. At this point, this is important to you for one reason.
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You learned in [Lesson 1](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-1-8/unit-1-lesson-1/) that sentences with adjectives cannot act on an object. Thus, you cannot have a word with the particle ~을/를 attached to it if the predicating word in a sentence is an adjective (because ~을/를 indicates an object in a sentence).
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You learned in [Lesson 1](./01-sentences.md) that sentences with adjectives cannot act on an object. Thus, you cannot have a word with the particle ~을/를 attached to it if the predicating word in a sentence is an adjective (because ~을/를 indicates an object in a sentence).
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If this _weren’t_ the case, we could do the following:
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@@ -1153,7 +1153,7 @@ Remember that the example sentences provided in Lessons 1, 2, 3 and 4 are _not_
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## Indicating a Place or Time: ~에
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In the [previous lesson](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-1-8/unit-1-lesson-1/), you learned how to use the particles ~은/는 and ~을/를 to denote the purpose of certain words in a Korean sentence. The particle ~에 is also used to denote certain words in a sentence. Specifically, ~에 denotes a place or time. When used to identify a place, it is similar to the underlined words in the English sentences below:
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In the [previous lesson](./01-sentences.md), you learned how to use the particles ~은/는 and ~을/를 to denote the purpose of certain words in a Korean sentence. The particle ~에 is also used to denote certain words in a sentence. Specifically, ~에 denotes a place or time. When used to identify a place, it is similar to the underlined words in the English sentences below:
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- I am at school
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- I went to the park
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@@ -1248,7 +1248,7 @@ One of the most difficult things for a new learner of Korean to understand is th
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In addition to this, there are more functions of ~이/가 that you should know about.
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In [Lesson 1](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-1-8/unit-1-lesson-1/), you learned that you should add ~는/은 to the subject of the sentence. To use an example using the grammar taught earlier in this Lesson, you could say:
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In [Lesson 1](./01-sentences.md), you learned that you should add ~는/은 to the subject of the sentence. To use an example using the grammar taught earlier in this Lesson, you could say:
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- 고양이**는** 집 뒤에 있다 = <span class="md spoiler">The cat is behind the house</span>
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- (고양이**는** 집 뒤에 있어 / 고양이**는** 집 뒤에 있어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Lesson2new11.mp3" />)
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@@ -1309,15 +1309,15 @@ In addition to the distinction discussed in this lesson, there are other situati
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At this point, I would like you to continue to [Lesson 3](./03-verbs.md) to continue learning other grammatical principles you need to deepen your understanding of Korean in general.
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In [Lessons 17](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-17-25-2/lesson-17/) and [22](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-17-25-2/lesson-22/), we will come back to this problem and dive into more ways we can distinguish the functions of ~이/가 and ~는/은. I want to stress that I do not want you to read these now, but you should know that there is more to distinguishing ~는/은 and ~이/가 than is described here.
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In [Lessons 17](./17-connecting-want.md) and [22](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-17-25-2/lesson-22/), we will come back to this problem and dive into more ways we can distinguish the functions of ~이/가 and ~는/은. I want to stress that I do not want you to read these now, but you should know that there is more to distinguishing ~는/은 and ~이/가 than is described here.
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If you haven’t reached [Lesson 17](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-17-25-2/lesson-17/) (and especially if you haven’t even moved on to [Lesson 3](./03-verbs.md)) you won’t understand what is being described in that lesson. Being able to fully understand the difference between ~이/가 and ~는/은 is important, but not as important (at the moment) as understanding other aspects of Korean grammar. I can’t stress this enough – your understanding of the difference between the two will progress with your Korean development in general.
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If you haven’t reached [Lesson 17](./17-connecting-want.md) (and especially if you haven’t even moved on to [Lesson 3](./03-verbs.md)) you won’t understand what is being described in that lesson. Being able to fully understand the difference between ~이/가 and ~는/은 is important, but not as important (at the moment) as understanding other aspects of Korean grammar. I can’t stress this enough – your understanding of the difference between the two will progress with your Korean development in general.
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The good thing is, even if you make a mistake with the usages of ~이/가 and ~는/은 (either because you are confused or because you haven’t reached the later lessons yet), 99.9% of the time, the listener will be able to understand exactly what you are trying to express. Likewise, if you listen to somebody speaking, you will be able to understand what they are trying to say regardless of if you have learned the more complex usages of ~이/가 and ~는/은. The difference between these two particles is about nuance and does not dramatically change the meaning of the sentence.
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Making a mistake between other particles, however, _would_ cause other people to misunderstand you. For example, using ~를/을 instead of ~는/은 would (most likely) make your sentence incomprehensible.
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That’s it for this lesson. Please keep all of this information in your mind for future lessons. We will continue this discussion in [Lesson 17](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-17-25-2/lesson-17/).
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That’s it for this lesson. Please keep all of this information in your mind for future lessons. We will continue this discussion in [Lesson 17](./17-connecting-want.md).
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For now, please continue to [Lesson 3](./03-verbs.md).
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