diff --git a/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/21-why-when-where-who.md b/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/21-why-when-where-who.md index ff732f5..b25d8d4 100644 --- a/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/21-why-when-where-who.md +++ b/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/21-why-when-where-who.md @@ -1,7 +1,501 @@ +--- +vocabulary: + nouns: + - ko: 소식 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson21v1.mp3 + en: news + notes: | +

This word does not mean the "news" that you see on TV. Rather, it is the word to describe a piece of information, that we often call "news" in English.

+ examples: + - ko: 나쁜 **소식**이 있어요 + en: There is some bad **news** + - ko: 좋은 **소식**을 들었어요? + en: Did you hear the good **news**? + - ko: 저는 그 **소식**을 듣고 충격을 받았어요 + en: I was shocked when I heard the **news** + - ko: 우리 딸이 애기를 낳을 거라는 **소식**을 들었을 때 저는 기쁨에 취했어요 + en: I was filled with joy when I heard the **news** that my daughter will be having a baby + + - ko: 엄마 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson21v2.mp3 + en: mom + notes: This is a shortened form of the word "어머니" + examples: + - ko: "**엄마**도 올 거야?" + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson21-7.mp3 + en: Will **mom** come too? + - ko: 저의 **엄마**는 고양이가 있어요 + en: "**Mom** has a cat" + - ko: "**엄마**는 우리를 위해 점심을 집에서 만들 거예요" + en: "**Mom** will make lunch for us at home" + - ko: "**아들**은 **엄마**를 위해 박스를 들었어요" + en: The son carried the box for his **mother** + - ko: 저는 **엄마**랑 밥을 먹으러 갔어요 + en: I went to go eat with (my) **mom** + - ko: 제가 어렸을 때는 **엄마**가 매일 도시락을 싸 줬어요 + en: When I was young, my **mom** packed a lunch box for me everyday + + - ko: 아빠 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson21v3.mp3 + en: dad + notes: This is a shortened form of the word "아버지" + examples: + - ko: 우리 **아빠**가 최고예요 + en: Our/my **dad** is the best! + - ko: 저는 **아빠**의 죽음을 잊지 않았어요 + en: I didn't forget the death of my **father** + - ko: 우리 **아빠**는 저것을 싫어할 것 같아 + en: "**Dad** will probably not like that" + - ko: "**아빠**가 돈을 이미 냈을 것 같아요" + en: "**Dad** probably already paid" + - ko: "**아빠**가 낚시하러 갔어요?" + en: Did **dad** go fishing? + - ko: 애기를 보자마자 **아빠**는 애기를 안기 위해 팔을 벌렸어요 + en: The **father** opened up his arms to hug the baby as soon as he saw it + + - ko: 결혼식 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson21v4.mp3 + en: wedding + notes: | +

Usually, by adding 식 to the end of a noun in Korean, the noun turns into some sort of a ceremony.

+

결혼 + 식 = marriage ceremony (wedding)

+ examples: + - ko: "**결혼식**은 언제예요?" + en: When is the **wedding**? + - ko: 저는 그들에게 **결혼식**에 갈 거냐고 물어봤어요 + en: I asked if they were going to the **wedding** + - ko: 저는 한국의 형식적인 **결혼식**을 별로 좋아하지 않아요 + en: I don't really like Korean style **weddings** + - ko: 우리는 **결혼식**의 날짜를 아직 안 정했어요 + en: We still haven't set a date for the **wedding** + - ko: 우리가 한국 전통 **결혼식**을 할 거예요 + en: We will have a traditional Korean **wedding** + + - ko: 우표 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson21v5.mp3 + en: postage stamp + examples: + - ko: 저는 어렸을 때부터 **우표**를 모았어요 + en: I have collected **stamps** ever since I was young + + - ko: 신 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson21v6.mp3 + en: god + examples: + - ko: 옛날에 그리스인들은 여러 가지의 **신**을 믿었어요 + en: A long time ago, Greek people believed in a variety of **gods** + + - ko: 만화 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson21v7.mp3 + en: comics, cartoons + examples: + - ko: 아이들은 **만화**영화를 매우 좋아해요 + en: Children really like **animated** movies + - ko: 그 **만화**책은 성인들에게 인기가 많아요 + en: That **comic** book is popular among adults + + - ko: 만화책 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson21v8.mp3 + en: comic book + examples: + - ko: "**만화책**을 좋아합니까?" + en: Do you like **comic books**? + - ko: "**만화책**을 왜 좋아합니까?" + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson21-35.mp3 + en: Why do you like **comic books**? + - ko: 일본에서 성인들은 미국 청소년보다 **만화책**을 더 많이 읽어요 + en: In Japan, adults read more **comic books** than kids do in America + + - ko: 예정 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson21v9.mp3 + en: schedule + notes: | +

See Lesson 50 for more information.

+ examples: + - ko: 우리가 내일 도착할 **예정**이에요 + en: We are **scheduled** to arrive tomorrow + - ko: 저는 내일의 **예정**을 바꿨어요 + en: I changed tomorrow's **schedule** + - ko: 수업이 4시쯤에 시작될 **예정**이에요 + en: The class is **scheduled** to start at about 4:00pm + - ko: 그녀는 이번 달에 애기를 낳을 **예정**이에요 + en: She is **scheduled** to give birth this month + - ko: 비행기가 9시에 출발할 **예정**이지만 눈이 많이 와서 못 출발할 것 같아요 + en: The plane is **scheduled** to depart at 9:00, but it probably won't because it is snowing a lot + - ko: 우리가 제주도에 내일 갈 **예정**인데 태풍이 와서 갈 수 있는지 없는지 모르겠어요 + en: We are **scheduled** to go to Jeju tomorrow, but because of the typhoon we might not be able to go + - ko: 오늘 삼성과 두산은 이번 시즌 우승을 위한 마지막 승패를 다툴 **예정**입니다 + en: Today, Samsung and Doosan (the sponsoring companies of two baseball teams in Korea) are **scheduled** to fight/compete (in the last game) for this season's title + + - ko: 코딱지 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson21v10.mp3 + en: booger, a small amount of something + notes: | +

The pronunciation of this word is closer to "코딱찌"

+

코딱지만큼 is an idiom to say something is really small, for example: 아빠가 코딱지만큼 먹었어요 = Dad only ate a little bit!

+ examples: + - ko: 아빠가 **코딱지만큼** 먹었어요 + en: Dad only ate **a little bit**! + - ko: "**코딱지**를 먹지 마세요!" + en: Don't eat your **boogers**! + - ko: 아주머니는 저한테 고기를 **코딱지**만큼 줬어요 + en: The lady only gave me a **small amount** of meat + + - ko: 논 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson21v11.mp3 + en: rice paddy + examples: + - ko: 한국에서 **논**이 진짜 예뻐요 + en: "**Rice paddies** in Korea are really beautiful" + + - ko: 낮잠 (자다) + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson21v12.mp3 + en: nap + notes: The pronunciation of this word is closer to "낟짬" + examples: + - ko: 저는 오늘 오후에 **낮잠**을 잤어요 + en: I took a **nap** in the afternoon today + - ko: 낮잠을 **언제** 잤어요? + en: "**When** did you take a nap?" + - ko: 애기들이 다 **낮잠** 자고 있어요 + en: All the babies are taking a **nap** + - ko: 나는 사자를 보는 게 무서웠지만 어쨌든 우리는 사자가 있는 곳에 도착했다. 하지만 사자는 **낮잠**을 자고 있었다. + en: I was afraid of seeing the lions, but, at any rate, we arrived at the place where the lions were. However, the lions were taking a **nap**. + + - ko: 의견 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson21v13.mp3 + en: opinion, feedback + examples: + - ko: 저는 **의견**을 말할 기회가 아직 없어요 + en: I still haven't had a chance to say my **opinion** + - ko: 저의 **의견**을 설명했지만 그 사람들이 제 말에 동의하지 않았어요 + en: Even though I explained my **opinion**, they didn't agree with what I said + - ko: 이 **의견**에 대해 찬성을 하는 사람은 손을 들어 주세요 + en: People in agreement about this **opinion**, please raise your hands + + verbs: + - ko: 사라지다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson21v16.mp3 + en: to disappear + examples: + - ko: 어느 겨울 꽃이 다 **사라졌다** + en: Some winter, all the flowers **disappeared** + - ko: 부부는 어둠으로 **사라졌어요** + en: The couple **disappeared** into the darkness + - ko: 토끼가 어두운 숲으로 **사라졌어요** + en: The rabbit **disappeared** into the dark forest + - ko: 저의 돈을 훔치고 범죄자들은 어둠으로 **사라졌어요** + en: The criminals **disappeared** into the darkness after stealing my money + - ko: 무대 위에서 노래를 부를 때마다 저의 걱정과 고민은 모두 **사라져요** + en: Whenever I sing on stage all of my worries and fears **disappear** + - ko: 지구 기온이 점점 오르면서 한국에서 사계절이 **사라진대요** + en: As the global temperatures gradually increase, they say that the "four seasons" in Korea is **disappearing** + + - ko: 졸업하다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson21v17.mp3 + en: to graduate + notes: The pronunciation of this word is closer to "조러파다" + examples: + - ko: "**졸업**을 언제 했어요?" + en: When did you **graduate**? + - ko: "어느 대학교를 **졸업했어요**?" + en: Which university did you **graduate** from? + - ko: 저는 10년 전에 서울대학교를 **졸업했어요** + en: I **graduated** from Seoul University 10 years ago + - ko: 아들이 대학교를 **졸업해서** 우리는 축하를 해야 돼요 + en: Now that our son has **graduated** from University, we need to congratulate him + - ko: 캐나다에서는 간호대학을 **졸업하자마자** 간호사 일자리를 잡을 수 있어요 + en: In Canada, as soon as you **graduate** from nursing school/college, you can find a position as a nurse + + - ko: 입원하다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson21v18.mp3 + en: to check into a hospital + notes: | +

This often translates to "enter a hospital," but it actually used to say that one enters a hospital, and then gets admitted. You would not use this word if you enter a hospital to visit somebody or to do some other task there.

+ examples: + - ko: 어제 병원에 **입원했나요**? + en: Did you **go to/get admitted to the hospital** yesterday? + - ko: 할머니는 어제 아파서 **입원했어요** + en: Grandma **checked into the hospital** yesterday because she was sick + - ko: 저희 엄마는 어제 길에서 미끄러져서 병원에 **입원했어요** + en: Yesterday our mom slipped on the road and **went got admitted to the hospital** + + - ko: 퇴원하다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson21v19.mp3 + en: to check out of a hospital + notes: | +

The opposite of 입원하다, this is not used to indicate that you leave a hospital. It is used when somebody has completed their treatment and is okay to leave the hospital.

+ examples: + - ko: "언제 **퇴원할** 수 있어요?" + en: When will you be able to **leave the hospital**? + + - ko: 이기다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson21v20.mp3 + en: to win/to win against + notes: | +

In English the words "beat" and "win" are slightly different. However, in Korean, 이기다 is used for both of these words.

+ examples: + - ko: 우리는 다른 팀을 농구경기에서 **이겼어요** + en: We **beat** the other team in the basketball game + - ko: 우리는 3대 2로 경기를 **이겼어요** + en: We **won** the game 3 to 2 + - ko: 우리는 좋은 공격으로 그 팀을 **이겼어요** + en: We **beat** that team using good offense + - ko: 저는 형이랑 싸움에서 **이겼어요** + en: I **won** in a fight with my brother + + - ko: 지다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson21v21.mp3 + en: to lose + examples: + - ko: 우리는 결국 마지막 경기에서 **졌어요** + en: We ended up **losing** in the last game + + - ko: 후회하다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson21v22.mp3 + en: to regret + examples: + - ko: 저는 그것을 말한 것을 **후회해요** + en: I **regret** saying that + - ko: 그는 자기 차를 팔고 **후회했어요** + en: He **regrets** selling his car + + - ko: 타다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson21v23.mp3 + en: to ride + notes: | +

타다 is another one of those verbs that has so many meanings depending on the situation. One of the most common meanings, however, is to "ride." It can be used in a wide variety of situations where you are on something that is moving (boat, horse, taxi, subway, elevator, bus)

+ examples: + - ko: 저는 서울역에서 버스를 **탔어요** + en: I **got on** the bus at Seoul station + - ko: 나는 벌써 지하철을 **타고** 있어 + en: I am already **riding** the subway + - ko: 급행 열차가 도착하자마자 사람들이 무리하게 **탔어요** + en: As soon as the express train arrived, people **got on** excessively + - ko: 임산부가 전철을 **탔다가** 자리가 없어서 전철에서 내렸어요 + en: The pregnant woman **got on** the subway, and because there was no seat, she got off + - ko: 이 놀이기구를 **타고** 싶은데 키 제한이 있어서 저는 못 **탔어요** + en: I wanted to **go on** that ride, but because there was a height restriction, I couldn't **ride** it + + adjectives: + - ko: 즐겁다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson21v24.mp3 + en: to be pleasant + notes: | +

The pronunciation of this word is closer to "즐겁따"

+

즐겁다 follows the ㅂ irregular

+ examples: + - ko: 날씨가 좋아서 산책하는 것은 **즐거워요** + en: It is **pleasant** go to for a walk because the weather is so nice + - ko: 고등학교 때는 같이 있는 것이 재미있었고 학교 가는 게 **즐거웠었는데**! + en: It was very fun being together during high school time, and I **enjoyed** going to school (High school was very fun). + - ko: 여전히 친구를 만나니 **즐겁고** 행복하다. + en: I am happy and **enjoying** myself because I am still meeting my friends. + + - ko: 부족하다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson21v25.mp3 + en: to not be enough, to be lacking + examples: + - ko: 그 사람의 말은 항상 진실성이 **부족해요** + en: That person's words always **lack** sincerity + - ko: 그 사람은 참을성이 **부족해서** 못 기다렸어요 + en: That person is **not** patient (**lacks** patience), so he could not wait + - ko: 밧줄의 길이가 너무 **부족하다고** 했어요 + en: I said that the length of this rope is **not enough (insufficient)** + - ko: 시간이 **부족**해서 모든 내용을 가르칠 수 없어요 + en: I can't teach all the material because there is a **lack of** time + - ko: 돈이 **부족해**서 그것을 살 수 있는지 없는지 모르겠어요 + en: I don't know if I can buy that or not because I **don't have enough** money + - ko: 시간이 **부족해**서 우리는 계획을 변경해 야 돼요 + en: We need to change the plans because of the **lack** of time + - ko: 삼성이 이 축제를 후원해서 돈이 **부족할** 리가 없어요 + en: Samsung is sponsoring this event, so there is no way money can **run out** + + - ko: 간단하다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson21v26.mp3 + en: to be simple + examples: + - ko: 저는 학생들한테 그것을 **간단히** 설명했어요 + en: I explained it **simply** to the students + - ko: 한번 머리를 염색해 보니까 염색이 생각만큼 **간단하지** 않다는 걸 알게 됐다 + en: Now that I have tried/attempted to dye my hair, I realize/can assert that doing so is not as **simple** as one thinks + + adverbs: + - ko: 누구 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson21v27.mp3 + en: who + notes: | +

When used as the subject of a sentence, 누구 changes to 누가.

+ examples: + - ko: "**누가** 내일 한국어를 공부할 거야?" + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson21-65.mp3 + en: "**Who** will study Korean tomorrow?" + + - ko: 왜 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson21v28.mp3 + en: why + examples: + - ko: 만화책을 **왜** 좋아합니까? + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson21-35.mp3 + en: "**Why** do you like comic books?" + - ko: 한국어를 **왜** 공부하고 있어요? + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson21-36.mp3 + en: "**Why** are you studying Korean?" + - ko: "**왜** 너무 빨리 먹었어요?" + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson21-37.mp3 + en: "**Why** did you eat so fast?" + - ko: 어제 학교에 **왜** 안 갔어요? + en: "**Why** didn't you go to school yesterday?" + + - ko: 언제 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson21v29.mp3 + en: when + notes: | +

Particles like ~부터 and ~까지, which are often used to indicate from/until when something happens can be attached to 언제 to indicate that it is unknown "from/until when" something happens.

+

언제 can also be attached to "이다" to ask "when" something is. In these cases as well, it replaces the noun that would normally be attached to 이다. For example: "결혼식은 언제야?" = "When is the wedding?"

+

This word appears in my Korean Sign Explanation Video 5.

+

+ examples: + - ko: 집에 **언제** 갔어? + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson21-40.mp3 + en: "**When** did you go home?" + - ko: 집에 **언제** 갈 거야? + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson21-41.mp3 + en: "**When** will you go home?" + - ko: 그 여자가 **언제** 사라졌어요? + en: "**When** did that girl disappear?" + - ko: 낮잠을 **언제** 잤어요? + en: "**When** did you take a nap?" + - ko: 아빠가 **언제** 왔나요? + en: "**When** did dad come?" + - ko: "**언제부터** 아팠어요?" + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson21-45.mp3 + en: "**Since when** have you been sick?" + - ko: 한국에서 **언제까지** 있을 거예요? + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson21-46.mp3 + en: "**Until when** will you be in Korea?" + - ko: "**언제부터** 한국어를 공부했어요?" + en: "**Since when** have you been studying Korean?" + - ko: "결혼식은 **언제야**?" + en: "**When** is the wedding?" + - ko: "방학은 **언제야**?" + en: "**When** is vacation?" + + - ko: 어디 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson21v30.mp3 + en: where + notes: | +

The particle ~까지 is commonly attached to 어디. ~부터 is not commonly attached to 어디 for the same reason that ~부터 is not commonly attached to a place, as described in Lesson 12.

+

Like 언제, it can also be used as the noun before 이다 to ask where something "is." For example: "어디야?" = "Where are you?" This is really only done when speaking to a person, and you are asking him/her directly where he/she is. When asking where another person, or another thing is, it is more natural to use 있다 in the sentence.

+

This word appears in my Korean Sign Explanation Video 5.

+

+ examples: + - ko: "**어디** 가고 싶어요?" + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson21-50.mp3 + en: "**Where** do you want to go?" + - ko: "**어디** 살아요?" + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson21-51.mp3 + en: "**Where** do you live?" + - ko: 그것을 **어디**서 하고 싶어요? + en: "**Where** do you want to do that?" + - ko: "**어디**에서 왔어요?" + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson21-53.mp3 + en: "**Where** are you from (from where did you come?)" + - ko: "**어디까지** 가고 싶어요?" + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson21-54.mp3 + en: "**How far/until where** do you want to go?" + - ko: 지하철을 **어디까지** 탈 거예요? + en: "**Until where** will we ride the subway?" + - ko: 친구가 **어디**에 있어요? + en: "**Where** is your friend?" + - ko: 엄마가 **어디**에 있어요? + en: "**Where** is mom?" + - ko: 펜이 **어디**에 있어요? + en: "**Where** is the pen?" + + - ko: 역시 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson21v31.mp3 + en: also + notes: | +

The pronunciation of this word is closer to "역씨"

+

Similar to the particle ~도. However, 역시 does not get added directly to nouns.

+

역시 also gets placed as an adverb in sentences for feeling when the speaker says something that is "as expected."

+ examples: + - ko: 나 **역시** 수학을 좋아하지 않아 + en: I **also** don't like math + + - ko: 몇몇 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson21v34.mp3 + en: some + notes: | +

The pronunciation of this word is closer to "면멷"

+

Usually placed before a word meaning "people" to mean "some ____"

+ examples: + - ko: "**몇몇** 사람들은 밥을 좋아하지 않아" + en: "**Some** people don't like rice" + + - ko: 벌써 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson21v36.mp3 + en: already/earlier than expected + notes: | +

벌써 can be used to indicate that one action has "already" happened. These actions are usually finished when then speaker uses "벌써."

+

It can also be used to indicate that an action happens earlier than expected. These actions don't have to be finished for the speaker to use 벌써.

+ examples: + - ko: 저는 그 사실을 **벌써** 알고 있었어요 + en: I **already** knew that fact + - ko: 내가 밥을 **벌써** 먹어서 지금 먹고 싶지 않아 + en: Because I **already** ate, I don't want to eat now + - ko: "**벌써** 나갈 거야?" + en: You are **already** leaving? + - ko: "학교가 **벌써** 끝났어요?" + en: School is **already** finished? + + - ko: 이미 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson21v37.mp3 + en: already + notes: | +

이미 can replace 벌써 in the first usage described above, but not the second one. That is, it can be used to indicate that one action has "already" happened.

+ examples: + - ko: 저는 그 사실을 **이미** 알고 있었어요 + en: I **already** knew that fact + - ko: 내가 밥을 **이미** 먹어서 지금 먹고 싶지 않아 + en: Because I **already** ate, I don't want to eat now + - ko: 저는 **이미** 여자 친구가 있어요 + en: I **already** have a girlfriend + - ko: 아빠가 돈을 **이미** 낸 것 같아요 + en: It seems like dad **already** paid + - ko: 부장님이 그 일을 **이미** 다 한 것 같아요 + en: It seems like the boss **already** did all that work + + - ko: 특히 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson21v38.mp3 + en: especially, particularly + examples: + - ko: 학생들은 그 선생님을 **특히** 좋아해요 + en: Students **especially** like that teacher + - ko: 저는 **특히** 오른발이 왼발보다 커서 신발을 살 때 불편해요 + en: My right foot is **particularly** larger than my left foot, so it is hard for me to buy shoes + - ko: 하지만 시간이 흐르면서 나는 점점 더 외로움을 느꼈다. **특히** 친하게 지냈던 친구들이 각 자 자기 나라로 돌아가기 시작하자 더 외로움을 느꼈다. + en: But, as time when by, I gradually started to feel lonely. **Especially** as/when each of my close friends started to go back to their own countries, I felt lonelier. + - ko: "**특히** 내가 가장 좋아한 선물은 바로 분홍색 인형이었다. 그 인형은 너무 귀엽고 색깔도 예뻤다. 우리는 생일 축하 노래를 부르고, 선물을 교환하고 맛있는 음식을 먹었다." + en: My **particularly** favorite present of all was the pink doll. That doll was very cute and the color was pretty. We sang 'happy birthday,' exchanged presents and then ate delicious food. + + - ko: 점점 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson21v39.mp3 + en: gradually + examples: + - ko: 요즘에 날씨가 **점점** 추워져요 + en: Lately, the weather is getting **gradually** colder + - ko: 중학생들의 치마는 **점점** 짧아지고 있어요 + en: Middle school students' skirts are getting **shorter and shorter** +--- + # Lesson 21: Asking Questions: Why, When, Where, Who ## Vocabulary + + ### Nouns 소식 = news @@ -248,23 +742,19 @@ Example:
Common Usages: -자국 없이 사라지다 = to disappear without a trace -걱정이 사라지다 = for worries to disappear -눈앞에서 사라지다 = to disappear in-front of one’s eyes + +- 자국 없이 사라지다 = to disappear without a trace +- 걱정이 사라지다 = for worries to disappear +- 눈앞에서 사라지다 = to disappear in-front of one’s eyes Example: -어느 겨울 꽃이 다 사라졌다 = Some winter, all the flowers disappeared -부부는 어둠으로 **사라졌어요** = The couple **disappeared** into the darkness -토끼가 어두운 숲으로 **사라졌어요** = The rabbit **disappeared** into the dark forest -저의 돈을 훔치고 범죄자들은 어둠으로 **사라졌어요** -= The criminals **disappeared** into the darkness after stealing my money - -무대 위에서 노래를 부를 때마다 저의 걱정과 고민은 모두 **사라져요** -= Whenever I sing on stage all of my worries and fears **disappear** - -지구 기온이 점점 오르면서 한국에서 사계절이 **사라진대요** -= As the global temperatures gradually increase, they say that the “four seasons” in Korea is **disappearing** +- 어느 겨울 꽃이 다 **사라졌다** = Some winter, all the flowers **disappeared** +- 부부는 어둠으로 **사라졌어요** = The couple **disappeared** into the darkness +- 토끼가 어두운 숲으로 **사라졌어요** = The rabbit **disappeared** into the dark forest +- 저의 돈을 훔치고 범죄자들은 어둠으로 **사라졌어요** = The criminals **disappeared** into the darkness after stealing my money +- 무대 위에서 노래를 부를 때마다 저의 걱정과 고민은 모두 **사라져요** = Whenever I sing on stage all of my worries and fears **disappear** +- 지구 기온이 점점 오르면서 한국에서 사계절이 **사라진대요** = As the global temperatures gradually increase, they say that the “four seasons” in Korea is **disappearing**
@@ -275,19 +765,17 @@ Example: The pronunciation of this word is closer to “조러파다” Common Usages: -졸업생 = a graduate -졸업식 = a graduation ceremony + +- 졸업생 = a graduate +- 졸업식 = a graduation ceremony Examples: -**졸업**을 언제 했어요? = When did you **graduate**? -어느 대학교를 **졸업했어요**? = Which university did you **graduate** from? -저는 10년 전에 서울대학교를 **졸업했어요** = I **graduated** from Seoul University 10 years ago -아들이 대학교를 **졸업해서** 우리는 축하를 해야 돼요 -= Now that our son has **graduated** from University, we need to congratulate him - -캐나다에서는 간호대학을 **졸업하자마자** 간호사 일자리를 잡을 수 있어요 -= In Canada, as soon as you **graduate** from nursing school/college, you can find a position as a nurse +- **졸업**을 언제 했어요? = When did you **graduate**? +- 어느 대학교를 **졸업했어요**? = Which university did you **graduate** from? +- 저는 10년 전에 서울대학교를 **졸업했어요** = I **graduated** from Seoul University 10 years ago +- 아들이 대학교를 **졸업해서** 우리는 축하를 해야 돼요 = Now that our son has **graduated** from University, we need to congratulate him +- 캐나다에서는 간호대학을 **졸업하자마자** 간호사 일자리를 잡을 수 있어요 = In Canada, as soon as you **graduate** from nursing school/college, you can find a position as a nurse @@ -295,16 +783,15 @@ Examples:
-Notes: This often translates to “enter a hospital,” but it actually used to say that one enters a hospital, and then gets admitted. You would not use this word if you enter a hospital to visit somebody or to do some other task there. +Notes: + +This often translates to “enter a hospital,” but it actually used to say that one enters a hospital, and then gets admitted. You would not use this word if you enter a hospital to visit somebody or to do some other task there. Examples: -어제 병원에 **입원했나요**? = Did you **go to/get admitted to the hospital** yesterday? -할머니는 어제 아파서 **입원했어요** -= Grandma **checked into the hospital** yesterday because she was sick - -저희 엄마는 어제 길에서 미끄러져서 병원에 **입원했어요** -= Yesterday our mom slipped on the road and **went got admitted to the hospital** +- 어제 병원에 **입원했나요**? = Did you **go to/get admitted to the hospital** yesterday? +- 할머니는 어제 아파서 **입원했어요** = Grandma **checked into the hospital** yesterday because she was sick +- 저희 엄마는 어제 길에서 미끄러져서 병원에 **입원했어요** = Yesterday our mom slipped on the road and **went got admitted to the hospital**
@@ -312,24 +799,30 @@ Examples:
-Notes: The opposite of 입원하다, this is not used to indicate that you leave a hospital. It is used when somebody has completed their treatment and is okay to leave the hospital. +Notes: + +The opposite of 입원하다, this is not used to indicate that you leave a hospital. It is used when somebody has completed their treatment and is okay to leave the hospital. Example: -언제 **퇴원할** 수 있어요? = When will you be able to **leave the hospital**? + +- 언제 **퇴원할** 수 있어요? = When will you be able to **leave the hospital**?
-이기다 = to win +이기다 = to win/to win against
-Notes: In English the words “beat” and “win” are slightly different. However, in Korean, 이기다 is used for both of these words. +Notes: + +In English the words “beat” and “win” are slightly different. However, in Korean, 이기다 is used for both of these words. Example: -우리는 다른 팀을 농구경기에서 **이겼어요** = We **beat** the other team in the basketball game -우리는 3대 2로 경기를 **이겼어요** = We **won** the game 3 to 2 -우리는 좋은 공격으로 그 팀을 **이겼어요** = We **beat** that team using good offense -저는 형이랑 싸움에서 **이겼어요** = I **won** in a fight with my brother + +- 우리는 다른 팀을 농구경기에서 **이겼어요** = We **beat** the other team in the basketball game +- 우리는 3대 2로 경기를 **이겼어요** = We **won** the game 3 to 2 +- 우리는 좋은 공격으로 그 팀을 **이겼어요** = We **beat** that team using good offense +- 저는 형이랑 싸움에서 **이겼어요** = I **won** in a fight with my brother
@@ -338,7 +831,8 @@ Example:
Example: -우리는 결국 마지막 경기에서 **졌어요** = We ended up **losing** in the last game + +- 우리는 결국 마지막 경기에서 **졌어요** = We ended up **losing** in the last game
@@ -347,12 +841,14 @@ Example:
Common Usages: -후회 없이 = without regrets -행동을 후회하다 = to regret an action + +- 후회 없이 = without regrets +- 행동을 후회하다 = to regret an action Example: -저는 그것을 말한 것을 **후회해요** = I **regret** saying that -그는 자기 차를 팔고 **후회했어요** = He **regrets** selling his car + +- 저는 그것을 말한 것을 **후회해요** = I **regret** saying that +- 그는 자기 차를 팔고 **후회했어요** = He **regrets** selling his car
@@ -361,23 +857,20 @@ Example:
Common Usages: -버스를 타다 = to get on/ride a bus -전철을 타다 = to get on/ride a subway/train -엘리베이터를 타다 = to get on/ride an elevator -Notes: 타다 is another one of those verbs that has so many meanings depending on the situation. One of the most common meanings, however, is to “ride.” It can be used in a wide variety of situations where you are on something that is moving (boat, horse, taxi, subway, elevator, bus) +- 버스를 타다 = to get on/ride a bus +- 전철을 타다 = to get on/ride a subway/train +- 엘리베이터를 타다 = to get on/ride an elevator -저는 서울역에서 버스를 탔어요 = I **got on** the bus at Seoul station -[나는 벌써 지하철을 타고 있어](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/4-I-am-already-riding-the-subway.m4a) = I am already riding the subway +Notes: -급행 열차가 도착하자마자 사람들이 무리하게 **탔어요** -= As soon as the express train arrived, people **got on** excessively +타다 is another one of those verbs that has so many meanings depending on the situation. One of the most common meanings, however, is to “ride.” It can be used in a wide variety of situations where you are on something that is moving (boat, horse, taxi, subway, elevator, bus) -임산부가 전철을 **탔다가** 자리가 없어서 전철에서 내렸어요 -= The pregnant woman **got on** the subway, and because there was no seat, she got off - -이 놀이기구를 **타고** 싶은데 키 제한이 있어서 저는 못 **탔어요** -= I wanted to **go on** that ride, but because there was a height restriction, I couldn’t **ride** it +- 저는 서울역에서 버스를 **탔어요** = I **got on** the bus at Seoul station +- ⁠나는 벌써 지하철을 **타고** 있어 = I am already **riding** the subway +- 급행 열차가 도착하자마자 사람들이 무리하게 **탔어요** = As soon as the express train arrived, people **got on** excessively +- 임산부가 전철을 **탔다가** 자리가 없어서 전철에서 내렸어요 = The pregnant woman **got on** the subway, and because there was no seat, she got off +- 이 놀이기구를 **타고** 싶은데 키 제한이 있어서 저는 못 **탔어요** = I wanted to **go on** that ride, but because there was a height restriction, I couldn’t **ride** it
@@ -392,13 +885,19 @@ The pronunciation of this word is closer to “즐겁따” 즐겁다 follows the ㅂ irregular Common Usages: -즐겁게 = pleasantly + +- 즐겁게 = pleasantly Examples: -날씨가 좋아서 산책하는 것은 **즐거워요** = It is **pleasant** go to for a walk because the weather is so nice -고등학교 때는 같이 있는 것이 재미있었고 학교 가는 게 **즐거웠었는데**! 여전히 친구를 만나니 **즐겁고** 행복하다. 같은 추억을 가지고 있는 친구와 여전히 친구라는 사실이 이렇게 좋은 줄은 몰랐다. -= It was very fun being together during high school time, and I **enjoyed** going to school (High school was very fun). I am happy and **enjoying** myself because I am still meeting my friends. I didn’t know it was so good/nice to still have friends with whom I have the same (childhood) memories with (I am glad that I can still meet old friends with whom I share childhood memories with). +- 날씨가 좋아서 산책하는 것은 **즐거워요** = It is **pleasant** go to for a walk because the weather is so nice +- 고등학교 때는 같이 있는 것이 재미있었고 학교 가는 게 **즐거웠었는데**! = It was very fun being together during high school time, and I **enjoyed** going to school (High school was very fun). +- 여전히 친구를 만나니 **즐겁고** 행복하다. = I am happy and **enjoying** myself because I am still meeting my friends. + +같은 추억을 가지고 있는 친구와 여전히 친구라는 사실이 이렇게 좋은 줄은 몰랐다. + +I didn’t know it was so good/nice to still have friends with whom I have the same (childhood) memories with.
+(I am glad that I can still meet old friends with whom I share childhood memories with.) @@ -407,25 +906,19 @@ Examples:
Common Usages: -돈이 부족하다 = to be short of money -시간이 부족하다 = to be short on time + +- 돈이 부족하다 = to be short of money +- 시간이 부족하다 = to be short on time Examples: -그 사람의 말은 항상 진실성이 **부족해요** = That person’s words always **lack** sincerity -그 사람은 참을성이 **부족해서** 못 기다렸어요 = That person is **not** patient (**lacks** patience), so he could not wait -밧줄의 길이가 너무 **부족하다고** 했어요 = I said that the length of this rope is **not enough (insufficient)** -시간이 **부족**해서 모든 내용을 가르칠 수 없어요 -= I can’t teach all the material because there is a **lack of** time - -돈이 **부족해**서 그것을 살 수 있는지 없는지 모르겠어요 -= I don’t know if I can buy that or not because I **don’t have enough** money - -시간이 **부족해**서 우리는 계획을 변경해 야 돼요 -= We need to change the plans because of the **lack** of time - -삼성이 이 축제를 후원해서 돈이 **부족할** 리가 없어요 -= Samsung is sponsoring this event, so there is no way money can **run out** +- 그 사람의 말은 항상 진실성이 **부족해요** = That person’s words always **lack** sincerity +- 그 사람은 참을성이 **부족해서** 못 기다렸어요 = That person is **not** patient (**lacks** patience), so he could not wait +- 밧줄의 길이가 너무 **부족하다고** 했어요 = I said that the length of this rope is **not enough (insufficient)** +- 시간이 **부족**해서 모든 내용을 가르칠 수 없어요 = I can’t teach all the material because there is a **lack of** time +- 돈이 **부족해**서 그것을 살 수 있는지 없는지 모르겠어요 = I don’t know if I can buy that or not because I **don’t have enough** money +- 시간이 **부족해**서 우리는 계획을 변경해 야 돼요 = We need to change the plans because of the **lack** of time +- 삼성이 이 축제를 후원해서 돈이 **부족할** 리가 없어요 = Samsung is sponsoring this event, so there is no way money can **run out**
@@ -434,13 +927,13 @@ Examples:
Common Usages: -간단히, 간단하게 = simply + +- 간단히, 간단하게 = simply Examples: -저는 학생들한테 그것을 **간단히** 설명했어요 = I explained it **simply** to the students -한번 머리를 염색해 보니까 염색이 생각만큼 **간단하지** 않다는 걸 알게 됐다 -= Now that I have tried/attempted to dye my hair, I realize/can assert that doing so is not as **simple** as one thinks +- 저는 학생들한테 그것을 **간단히** 설명했어요 = I explained it **simply** to the students +- 한번 머리를 염색해 보니까 염색이 생각만큼 **간단하지** 않다는 걸 알게 됐다 = Now that I have tried/attempted to dye my hair, I realize/can assert that doing so is not as **simple** as one thinks
@@ -450,10 +943,12 @@ Examples:
-Notes: When used as the subject of a sentence, 누구 changes to 누가 +Notes: -- 너는 내일 한국어를 공부할 거야 = You will study Korean tomorrow -- 너는 내일 한국어를 공부할 거야? = Will you study Korean tomorrow? +When used as the subject of a sentence, 누구 changes to 누가 + +- 너는 내일 한국어를 공부할 거야 = You will study Korean tomorrow +- 너는 내일 한국어를 공부할 거야? = Will you study Korean tomorrow? Examples: @@ -470,7 +965,7 @@ Examples: - 만화책을 **왜** 좋아합니까? = **Why** do you like comic books? - 한국어를 **왜** 공부하고 있어요? = **Why** are you studying Korean? - **왜** 너무 빨리 먹었어요? = **Why** did you eat so fast? -- 어제 학교에 **왜** 안 갔어요? = **Why** didn’t you go to school yesterday? +- 어제 학교에 **왜** 안 갔어요? = **Why** didn’t you go to school yesterday?
@@ -482,20 +977,20 @@ As an adverb, 언제 can be used to ask “when” something happens. For exampl - 집에 **언제** 갔어? = **When** did you go home? - 집에 **언제** 갈 거야? = **When** will you go home? -- 그 여자가 **언제** 사라졌어요? = **When** did that girl disappear? -- 낮잠을 **언제** 잤어요? = **When** did you take a nap? -- 아빠가 **언제** 왔나요? = **When** did dad come? +- 그 여자가 **언제** 사라졌어요? = **When** did that girl disappear? +- 낮잠을 **언제** 잤어요? = **When** did you take a nap? +- 아빠가 **언제** 왔나요? = **When** did dad come? Particles like \~부터 and \~까지, which are often used to indicate from/until when something happens can be attached to 언제 to indicate that it is unknown “from/until when” something happens. For example: - **언제부터** 아팠어요? = **Since when** have you been sick? - 한국에서 **언제까지** 있을 거예요? = **Until when** will you be in Korea? -- 언제부터 한국어를 공부했어요? = Since when have you been studying Korean? +- **언제부터** 한국어를 공부했어요? = **Since when** have you been studying Korean? 언제 can also be attached to “이다” to ask “when” something is. In these cases as well, it replaces the noun that would normally be attached to 이다. For example: -- 결혼식은 **언제야**? = **When** is the wedding? -- 방학은 **언제야**? = **When** is vacation? +- 결혼식은 **언제야**? = **When** is the wedding? +- 방학은 **언제야**? = **When** is vacation? [This word appears in my Korean Sign Explanation Video 5.] @@ -511,23 +1006,23 @@ Particles like \~부터 and \~까지, which are often used to indicate from/unti - **어디** 가고 싶어요? = **Where** do you want to go? - **어디** 살아요? = **Where** do you live? -- 그것을 어디서 하고 싶어요? = Where do you want to do that? +- 그것을 **어디**서 하고 싶어요? = **Where** do you want to do that? - **어디**에서 왔어요? = **Where** are you from (from where did you come?) The particle \~까지 is commonly attached to 어디. \~부터 is not commonly attached to 어디 for the same reason that \~부터 is not commonly attached to a place, as described in Lesson 12. For example: - **어디까지** 가고 싶어요? = **How far/until where** do you want to go? -- 지하철을 **어디까지** 탈 거예요? = **Until where** will we ride the subway? +- 지하철을 **어디까지** 탈 거예요? = **Until where** will we ride the subway? Like 언제, it can also be used as the noun before 이다 to ask where something “is.” For example: -- 어디야? = Where are you? +- 어디야? = Where are you? This is really only done when speaking to a person, and you are asking him/her directly where he/she is. When asking where another person, or another thing is, it is more natural to use 있다 in the sentence. For example: -- 친구가 **어디**에 있어요? = **Where** is your friend? -- 엄마가 **어디**에 있어요? = **Where** is mom? -- 펜이 **어디**에 있어요? = **Where** is the pen? +- 친구가 **어디**에 있어요? = **Where** is your friend? +- 엄마가 **어디**에 있어요? = **Where** is mom? +- 펜이 **어디**에 있어요? = **Where** is the pen? [This word appears in my Korean Sign Explanation Video 5.] @@ -541,11 +1036,13 @@ This is really only done when speaking to a person, and you are asking him/her d The pronunciation of this word is closer to “역씨” -Notes: Similar to the particle \~도. However, 역시 does not get added directly to nouns. +Notes: -역시 also gets placed as an adverb in sentences for feeling when the speaker says something that is “as expected.” +Similar to the particle \~도. However, 역시 does not get added directly to nouns. -[나 역시 수학을 좋아하지 않아](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/1-I-also-dont-like-math.m4a) = I also don’t like math +역시 also gets placed as an adverb in sentences for feeling when the speaker says something that is “as expected.” + +- ⁠나 **역시** 수학을 좋아하지 않아 = I **also** don’t like math @@ -556,29 +1053,33 @@ Notes: Similar to the particle \~도. However, 역시 does not get added directl The pronunciation of this word is closer to “면멷” Common Usages: -몇몇 사람 = some people -몇몇 학생 = some students -Notes: Usually placed before a word meaning “people” to mean “some \_\_\_\_” +- 몇몇 사람 = some people +- 몇몇 학생 = some students + +Notes: + +Usually placed before a word meaning “people” to mean “some \_\_\_\_” Example: -[몇몇 사람들은 밥을 좋아하지 않아](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/2-Some-people-dont-like-rice.m4a) = Some people don’t like rice + +- ⁠**몇몇** 사람들은 밥을 좋아하지 않아 = **Some** people don’t like rice -벌써 = already +벌써 = already/earlier than expected
-벌써 can be used to indicate that one action has “already” happened. These actions are usually finished when then speaker uses “벌써.” For example: +벌써 can be used to indicate that one action has “already” happened. These actions are usually finished when then speaker uses “벌써.” For example: -저는 그 사실을 벌써 알고 있었어요 = I already knew that fact -내가 밥을 벌써 먹어서 지금 먹고 싶지 않아 = Because I already ate, I don’t want to eat now +- 저는 그 사실을 **벌써** 알고 있었어요 = I **already** knew that fact +- 내가 밥을 **벌써** 먹어서 지금 먹고 싶지 않아 = Because I **already** ate, I don’t want to eat now -It can also be used to indicate that an action happens earlier than expected. These actions don’t have to be finished for the speaker to use 벌써. For example: +It can also be used to indicate that an action happens earlier than expected. These actions don’t have to be finished for the speaker to use 벌써. For example: -벌써 나갈 거야? = You are already leaving? -학교가 벌써 끝났어요? = School is already finished? +- **벌써** 나갈 거야? = You are **already** leaving? +- 학교가 **벌써** 끝났어요? = School is **already** finished?
@@ -586,13 +1087,13 @@ It can also be used to indicate that an action happens earlier than expected. Th
-이미 can replace 벌써 in the first usage described above, but not the second one. That is, it can be used to indicate that one action has “already” happened. For example: +이미 can replace 벌써 in the first usage described above, but not the second one. That is, it can be used to indicate that one action has “already” happened. For example: -저는 그 사실을 이미 알고 있었어요 = I already knew that fact -내가 밥을 이미 먹어서 지금 먹고 싶지 않아 = Because I already ate, I don’t want to eat now -저는 이미 여자 친구가 있어요 = I already have a girlfriend -아빠가 돈을 이미 낸 것 같아요 = It seems like dad already paid -부장님이 그 일을 이미 다 한 것 같아요 = It seems like the boss already did all that work +- 저는 그 사실을 **이미** 알고 있었어요 = I **already** knew that fact +- 내가 밥을 **이미** 먹어서 지금 먹고 싶지 않아 = Because I **already** ate, I don’t want to eat now +- 저는 **이미** 여자 친구가 있어요 = I **already** have a girlfriend +- 아빠가 돈을 **이미** 낸 것 같아요 = It seems like dad **already** paid +- 부장님이 그 일을 **이미** 다 한 것 같아요 = It seems like the boss **already** did all that work
@@ -601,16 +1102,12 @@ It can also be used to indicate that an action happens earlier than expected. Th
Example: -학생들은 그 선생님을 **특히** 좋아해요 = Students **especially** like that teacher -저는 **특히** 오른발이 왼발보다 커서 신발을 살 때 불편해요 -= My right foot is **particularly** larger than my left foot, so it is hard for me to buy shoes - -하지만 시간이 흐르면서 나는 점점 더 외로움을 느꼈다. **특히** 친하게 지냈던 친구들이 각 자 자기 나라로 돌아가기 시작하자 더 외로움을 느꼈다. -= But, as time when by, I gradually started to feel lonely. **Especially** as/when each of my close friends started to go back to their own countries, I felt lonelier. - -**특히** 내가 가장 좋아한 선물은 바로 분홍색 인형이었다. 그 인형은 너무 귀엽고 색깔도 예뻤다. 우리는 생일 축하 노래를 부르고, 선물을 교환하고 맛있는 음식을 먹었다. -= My **particularly** favorite present of all was the pink doll. That doll was very cute and the color was pretty. We sang ‘happy birthday,’ exchanged presents and then ate delicious food. +- 학생들은 그 선생님을 **특히** 좋아해요 = Students **especially** like that teacher +- 저는 **특히** 오른발이 왼발보다 커서 신발을 살 때 불편해요 = My right foot is **particularly** larger than my left foot, so it is hard for me to buy shoes +- 하지만 시간이 흐르면서 나는 점점 더 외로움을 느꼈다. **특히** 친하게 지냈던 친구들이 각 자 자기 나라로 돌아가기 시작하자 더 외로움을 느꼈다. + = But, as time when by, I gradually started to feel lonely. **Especially** as/when each of my close friends started to go back to their own countries, I felt lonelier. +- **특히** 내가 가장 좋아한 선물은 바로 분홍색 인형이었다. 그 인형은 너무 귀엽고 색깔도 예뻤다. 우리는 생일 축하 노래를 부르고, 선물을 교환하고 맛있는 음식을 먹었다. = My **particularly** favorite present of all was the pink doll. That doll was very cute and the color was pretty. We sang ‘happy birthday,’ exchanged presents and then ate delicious food.
@@ -619,13 +1116,15 @@ Example:
Common Usages: -점점 나빠지다 = to gradually get worse -점점 좋아지다 = to gradually get better -점점 추워지다 = to gradually get colder + +- 점점 나빠지다 = to gradually get worse +- 점점 좋아지다 = to gradually get better +- 점점 추워지다 = to gradually get colder Example: -요즘에 날씨가 **점점** 추워져요 = Lately, the weather is getting **gradually** colder -중학생들의 치마는 **점점** 짧아지고 있어요 = Middle school students’ skirts are getting **shorter and shorter** + +- 요즘에 날씨가 **점점** 추워져요 = Lately, the weather is getting **gradually** colder +- 중학생들의 치마는 **점점** 짧아지고 있어요 = Middle school students’ skirts are getting **shorter and shorter**