From 7a2571443ce51965eabe11a898ef7dc4b339b4d1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: polv Date: Mon, 24 Aug 2026 15:41:50 +0700 Subject: [PATCH] lesson 22 vocab --- docs/.vitepress/config.mts | 9 +- .../unit-1/22-how-which-what-how-many.md | 708 ++++++++++++++---- 2 files changed, 586 insertions(+), 131 deletions(-) diff --git a/docs/.vitepress/config.mts b/docs/.vitepress/config.mts index 8960ae0..26f0a0d 100644 --- a/docs/.vitepress/config.mts +++ b/docs/.vitepress/config.mts @@ -118,12 +118,17 @@ function audioProxyPlugin(): Plugin { name: "audio-proxy", configureServer(server: ViteDevServer) { // Vite dev server middlewares are connect-style: (req, res, next) - server.middlewares.use((req, res, next) => { + server.middlewares.use(async (req, res, next) => { const reqUrl = req.url; if (!reqUrl || !reqUrl.startsWith("/uploads/")) return next(); if (!reqUrl.endsWith(".mp3")) return next(); - proxyAudio(req, res, next); + try { + await proxyAudio(req, res, next); + } catch (e) { + console.error(e, reqUrl); + next(); + } }); }, }; diff --git a/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/22-how-which-what-how-many.md b/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/22-how-which-what-how-many.md index a96fdf6..eddd630 100644 --- a/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/22-how-which-what-how-many.md +++ b/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/22-how-which-what-how-many.md @@ -1,7 +1,374 @@ +--- +vocabulary: + nouns: + - ko: 계란 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson22v1.mp3 + en: eggs + examples: + - ko: 저는 **계란** 두 개를 그릇에 넣었어요 + en: I put two **eggs** into the bowl + + - ko: 자리 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson22v2.mp3 + en: a seat, a place to put something + notes: | +

Incredibly common word that is used in very important situations. 자리 is some area of space, but not really 3-dimensional space. It is more space on the ground or something similar to that. For example, if somebody is standing where you are standing, you could say "get out of my place/my spot!" In that case, you can use 자리. In practice, it is very commonly used to have the meaning "seat".

+ examples: + - ko: "**자리**가 없어요" + en: There are no **seats**/there is **nowhere to sit** + - ko: 그 책을 제**자리**에 두세요 + en: Put that book back in its **place** + - ko: 각 **자리**에 번호가 쓰여 있어요 + en: There is a number written on each **seat** + + - ko: 중요성 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson22v3.mp3 + en: importance, emphasis + notes: The pronunciation of this word is closer to "중요썽" + examples: + - ko: 한국 학생들은 영어의 **중요성을** 깨닫지 못해요 + en: Korean students don't realize the **importance** of English + + - ko: 벌금 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson22v4.mp3 + en: a fine + examples: + - ko: "**벌금**은 얼마였어요?" + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-22-s17.mp3 + en: How much was the **fine**? + - ko: 경찰관은 강아지의 주인에게 십만 원의 **벌금**을 물었어요 + en: The police officers gave the owner of the dog a 100 000원 **fine** + + - ko: 파일 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson22v5.mp3 + en: file + examples: + - ko: "첨부**파일**을 확인하세요!" + en: See the attached **file** + - ko: 저는 이메일에 **파일**을 첨부했어요 + en: I attached a **file** to the e-mail + - ko: 저는 **파일**을 2시쯤 보낼 거예요 + en: I will send the **file** at approximately 2:00 + + - ko: 로션 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson22v6.mp3 + en: lotion + examples: + - ko: 손이 부드럽지 않아서 **로션**을 발랐어요 + en: I put **lotion** on my hands because they weren't soft + + - ko: 습관 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson22v7.mp3 + en: customs, habit + notes: The pronunciation of this word is closer to "습꽌" + examples: + - ko: 한국 사람들은 옛날 **습관**을 아직도 따라요 + en: Korean people still follow old **customs** + - ko: 자기 전에 라면을 먹는 **습관**이 있어요 + en: I have the **habit** of eating ramen before going to bed + + - ko: 치마 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson22v8.mp3 + en: skirt + examples: + - ko: "어떤 **치마**를 사고 싶어요?" + en: Which **skirt** do you want to buy? + - ko: 중학생들의 **치마**는 점점 짧아지고 있어요 + en: Middle school students' **skirts** are getting shorter and shorter + + - ko: 단계 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson22v9.mp3 + en: step, phase, stage + examples: + - ko: 그 학생은 아직 첫 번째 **단계**에 있어요 + en: That student is still at the first **stage** + + - ko: 짓 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson22v10.mp3 + en: some sort of negative act + examples: + - ko: 그 나쁜 **짓**을 왜 했어요? + en: Why did you do **that (bad action)**? + + verbs: + - ko: 차지하다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson22v11.mp3 + en: to occupy a space + examples: + - ko: 그 차는 넓은 공간을 **차지하**고 있어요 + en: That car **takes up** a lot of room/space + + - ko: 수거하다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson22v12.mp3 + en: to collect, to come and pick up + notes: | +

This word is most commonly used to refer to people coming to pick up garbage (garbage collection). You would think that this word wouldn't be very common (how often do you talk about garbage collection), but it is used fairly often if you live in Korea.

+ examples: + - ko: 쓰레기는 월요일마다 **수거된다** + en: Garbage is **collected** every Monday + + - ko: 첨부하다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson22v13.mp3 + en: to attach (a file) + examples: + - ko: 저는 이메일에 파일을 **첨부했어요** + en: I **attached** a file to the e-mail + - ko: 그 파일을 **첨부했습니까**? + en: Did you **attach** the file? + - ko: "**첨부**파일을 확인하세요!" + en: See/Check the **attached** file + + - ko: 찢다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson22v14.mp3 + en: to tear, to rip + notes: | +

The pronunciation of this word is closer to "찓따"

+

If you want to say that you ripped a hole in your clothes, you can also use the idiom "빵구가 났다"

+ examples: + - ko: 누가 이 옷을 **찢었어요**? + en: Who **ripped** the clothes? + - ko: 저의 여자 친구는 제가 쓴 편지를 **찢었어요** + en: My girlfriend **ripped up** the letter that I wrote for her + + - ko: 다녀오다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson22v15.mp3 + en: to go and then come back + notes: | +

A combination of the words 다니다 and 오다. This word is often used in greetings, to indicate that one will go, and then come back.

+ examples: + - ko: 선생님! 미국에 잘 **다녀왔어요**? + en: Teacher! Did you **come back** well from America? + + - ko: 예상하다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson22v16.mp3 + en: to expect + notes: The noun form of this word translates to "expectation" + examples: + - ko: 저는 돈을 더 많이 벌 것을 **예상했어요** + en: I **expected** to make (earn) more money + + adjectives: + - ko: 올바르다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson22v17.mp3 + en: to be correct/to be proper + notes: 올바르다 follows the 르 irregular + examples: + - ko: 저는 **올바른** 평가를 받지 않았어요 + en: I didn't receive the **proper** evaluation + + - ko: 복잡하다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson22v18.mp3 + en: to be complicated + notes: The pronunciation of this word is closer to "복짜파다" + examples: + - ko: "설명은 너무 **복잡한가요**?" + en: Is the explanation too **complicated**? + - ko: 한국으로 이민하는 과정은 **복잡해요** + en: The process of immigrating to Korea is **complicated** + - ko: 책상이 너무 **복잡해서** 책을 조금 치워 야 돼요 + en: I need to clear the books a bit because my desk is very **messy/unorganized** + + - ko: 짧다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson22v19.mp3 + en: to be short, to be brief + notes: The pronunciation of this word is closer to "짤따" + examples: + - ko: 학생들은 **짧은** 영화를 보고 있어요 + en: The students are watching a **short** film + - ko: 머리를 **짧게** 잘라 주세요 + en: Cut my hair **short**, please + - ko: 손톱을 왜 이렇게 **짧게** 잘랐어요? + en: Why did you cut your nails so **short** (like this)? + - ko: 중학생들의 치마는 점점 **짧아**지고 있어요 + en: Middle school students' skirts are getting **shorter** and **shorter** + + adverbs: + - ko: 얼마나 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson22v20.mp3 + en: how much + notes: | +

얼마나 is a very common adverb that means "how" but is very different from 어떻게. 얼마나 is a word that is placed before adjectives and adverbs to mean "how (adjective/adverb). You can also put "얼마" before 이다 to ask "how much does this cost?"

+ examples: + - ko: 한국어를 **얼마나** 자주 공부해요? + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson22-56.mp3 + en: "**How** often do you study Korean?" + - ko: "**얼마나** 많은 돈을 가져갈 거야?" + en: "**How much** money will you take?" + - ko: "이것은 **얼마**예요?" + en: "**How much** is this?" + + - ko: 몇 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson22v21.mp3 + en: how many ___ + notes: | +

The pronunciation of this word is closer to "멷"

+

Used before a counter to ask how many of something. Also used to ask about one's age.

+ examples: + - ko: 차가 **몇** 대 있어요? + en: "**How many** cars do you have?" + - ko: 친구를 **몇** 명 만났어요? + en: "**How many** friends did you meet?" + - ko: 어제 학교에 **몇** 번 갔어요? + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson22-49.mp3 + en: "**How many** times did you go to school yesterday?" + - ko: "**몇** 살이에요?" + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson22-54.mp3 + en: "**How** old are you?" + + - ko: 뭐 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson22v22.mp3 + en: what + examples: + - ko: 내일 **뭐** 하고 싶어요? + en: "**What** do you want to do tomorrow?" + - ko: 전화번호는 **뭐**에요? + en: "**What** is your phone number?" + - ko: 지난 주말에 **뭐** 했어요? + en: "**What** did you do last weekend?" + - ko: 어제 학생들한테 **뭐** 가르쳤어요? + en: "**What** did you teach the students yesterday?" + + - ko: 무슨 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson22v23.mp3 + en: what + notes: The difference between 어떤, 무슨 and 어느 is discussed at length in this lesson. + examples: + - ko: "**무슨** 영화를 보고 싶어요?" + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson22-22.mp3 + en: "**What** movie do you want to see?" + - ko: "**무슨** 일을 하고 싶어요?" + en: "**What** work do you want to do?" + - ko: "**무슨** 생각 해요?" + en: "**What** are you thinking?" + + - ko: 무엇 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson22v24.mp3 + en: what + notes: The pronunciation of this word is closer to "무얻" + examples: + - ko: 내일 **무엇**을 하고 싶어요? + en: "**What** do you want to do tomorrow?" + - ko: 아침으로 **무엇**을 먹었어요? + en: "**What** did you eat for breakfast?" + + - ko: 어떤 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson22v25.mp3 + en: which + notes: | +

The difference between 어떤, 무슨 and 어느 is discussed at length in this lesson.

+

어떤 can mean "which" as in "which sport do you like best?" But it can also mean "some." How do you differentiate if "어떤" means some or which? If the sentence is a question, it will usually mean "which." If the sentence is not a question, it will usually mean "some."

+ examples: + - ko: 어제 **어떤** 남자가 왔어요? + en: "**Which** man came here yesterday?" + - ko: "**어떤** 소설을 읽고 있어요?" + en: "**Which** novel are you reading?" + - ko: "**어떤** 종류의 차를 원해요?" + en: "**What/which** type of car do you want?" + - ko: "**어떤** 것이 더 좋아요?" + en: "**Which** one is better?" + - ko: "**어떤** 남자는 어제 여기에 왔어" + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson22-31.mp3 + en: "**Some** man came here yesterday" + - ko: 그 학생은 **어떤** 여자와 지금 사귀고 있어요 + en: That student is going out with **some** girl now + + - ko: 어느 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson22v26.mp3 + en: which + notes: The difference between 어떤, 무슨 and 어느 is discussed at length in this lesson. + examples: + - ko: "**어느** 대학교를 다녀요?" + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson22-40.mp3 + en: "**Which** university do you go to?" + - ko: "**어느** 집에서 살아요?" + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson22-37.mp3 + en: "**Which** house do you live in?" + + - ko: 어때? + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson22v27.mp3 + en: How is/was … ? + notes: 어때 is placed after a noun to say "how about/what do you think about?" + examples: + - ko: "점심은 **어땠어요**?" + en: "**How was** lunch?" + + - ko: 대개 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson22v28.mp3 + en: usually + examples: + - ko: 어린 한국 사람들은 **대개** 영어로 조금 말할 수 있어요 + en: Young Korean people can **usually** speak English a little bit + + - ko: 바깥 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson22v29.mp3 + en: outside + notes: | +

The pronunciation of this word is closer to "바깓"

+

This can be placed before a noun to describe it or to refer to the outside in general.

+ examples: + - ko: 미친 사람이 **바깥**에서 춤을 췄어요 + en: A crazy man was dancing **outside** + - ko: "**바깥** 날씨가 추워요" + en: The weather **outside** is cold + + - ko: 쯤 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson22v30.mp3 + en: approximately + notes: Usually used after nouns and numbers (very commonly time) to have the meaning "approximately." + examples: + - ko: 저는 파일을 2시**쯤** 보낼 거예요 + en: I will send the file at **approximately** 2:00 + - ko: 수업이 4시**쯤**에 시작될 예정이에요 + en: The class is scheduled to start at **about** 4:00pm + + - ko: 서로 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson22v31.mp3 + en: reciprocally + notes: When you have two nouns as the subject, you can indicate that something was done to each other (reciprocally) + examples: + - ko: 우리는 **서로** 편지를 줬어요 + en: We gave letters to **each other** + + - ko: 필독 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson22v32.mp3 + en: must read + notes: | +

Technically a noun, but usually the translation makes it sound like it is a verb with an emphasis attached to it.

+

This word is usually used by itself at the top of messages (or as the subject of an e-mail) to indicate that the message is a "must read"

+ examples: [] + + - ko: 며칠 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson22v33.mp3 + en: how many days + notes: | +

This word has three main usages:

+ + examples: + - ko: 한국에서 **며칠** 있었어요? + en: "**How many days** were you in Korea?" + - ko: 오늘은 **며칠**이에요? + en: "**What day** is it today?" + - ko: 우리는 **며칠** 전에 만났어요 + en: We met **a few days ago** + + - ko: 퍼센트 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson22v34.mp3 + en: percent + examples: + - ko: 학생들의 20**퍼센트**만 시험을 합격했어요 + en: Only 20 **percent** of the students passed the exam +--- + # Lesson 22: Asking Questions: How, What, Which, How Many ## Vocabulary + + ### Nouns 계란 = eggs @@ -9,12 +376,14 @@
Common Usages: -계란찜 = steamed egg -계란 후라이 = fried eggs -계란 한 판 = a carton of eggs (this is also sometimes used as an idiom to say that somebody is thirty years old because there are typically 30 eggs in a carton of eggs in Korea) + +- 계란찜 = steamed egg +- 계란 후라이 = fried eggs +- 계란 한 판 = a carton of eggs (this is also sometimes used as an idiom to say that somebody is thirty years old because there are typically 30 eggs in a carton of eggs in Korea) Example: -저는 **계란** 두 개를 그릇에 넣었어요 = I put two **eggs** into the bowl + +- 저는 **계란** 두 개를 그릇에 넣었어요 = I put two **eggs** into the bowl
@@ -23,19 +392,24 @@ Example:
Common Usages: -자리가 없다 = there is no place/nowhere to sit/no space -자리가 있다 = there is a place/somewhere to sit/space -자리를 잡다 = to save hold onto a seat -일자리 = a position at work -제자리 = the right/proper place -자리를 뜨다 = to get up from a seat -자리를 차지하다 = to occupy a place, seat -Notes: Incredibly common word that is used in very important situations. 자리 is some area of space, but not really 3-dimensional space. It is more space on the ground or something similar to that. For example, if somebody is standing where you are standing, you could say “get out of my place/my spot!” In that case, you can use 자리. In practice, it is very commonly used to have the meaning “seat”: +- 자리가 없다 = there is no place/nowhere to sit/no space +- 자리가 있다 = there is a place/somewhere to sit/space +- 자리를 잡다 = to save hold onto a seat +- 일자리 = a position at work +- 제자리 = the right/proper place +- 자리를 뜨다 = to get up from a seat +- 자리를 차지하다 = to occupy a place, seat -[자리가 없어요](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/3-There-are-no-seatsthere-is-nowhere-to-sit.m4a) = There are no seats/there is nowhere to sit -그 책을 제**자리**에 두세요 = Put that book back in its **place** -각 **자리**에 번호가 쓰여 있어요 = There is a number written on each **seat** +Notes: + +Incredibly common word that is used in very important situations. 자리 is some area of space, but not really 3-dimensional space. It is more space on the ground or something similar to that. For example, if somebody is standing where you are standing, you could say “get out of my place/my spot!” In that case, you can use 자리. In practice, it is very commonly used to have the meaning “seat”. + +Examples: + +- ⁠**자리**가 없어요 = There are no **seats**/there is **nowhere to sit** +- 그 책을 제**자리**에 두세요 = Put that book back in its **place** +- 각 **자리**에 번호가 쓰여 있어요 = There is a number written on each **seat**
@@ -46,11 +420,13 @@ Notes: Incredibly common word that is used in very important situations. 자리 The pronunciation of this word is closer to “중요썽” Common Usages: -중요성을 깨닫다 /인식하다 = to realize the importance -중요성을 강조하다 = to stress the importance + +- 중요성을 깨닫다 / 인식하다 = to realize the importance +- 중요성을 강조하다 = to stress the importance Example: -한국 학생들은 영어의 **중요성을** 깨닫지 못해요 = Korean students don’t realize the **importance** of English + +- 한국 학생들은 영어의 **중요성을** 깨닫지 못해요 = Korean students don’t realize the **importance** of English @@ -60,13 +436,13 @@ Example: Common Usages: -- 벌금을 내다 = to pay a fine -- 벌금을 부과하다 = to impose a fine on somebody +- 벌금을 내다 = to pay a fine +- 벌금을 부과하다 = to impose a fine on somebody Example: - **벌금**은 얼마였어요? = How much was the **fine**? -- 경찰관은 강아지의 주인에게 십만 원의 **벌금**을 물었어요 = The police officers gave the owner of the dog a 100 000원 **fine** +- 경찰관은 강아지의 주인에게 십만 원의 **벌금**을 물었어요 = The police officers gave the owner of the dog a 100 000원 **fine** @@ -75,15 +451,17 @@ Example:
Common Usages: -첨부파일 = attached file -파일을 보내다 = to send a file -파일을 복사하다 = to copy a file -파일을 삭제하다 = to delete a file + +- 첨부파일 = attached file +- 파일을 보내다 = to send a file +- 파일을 복사하다 = to copy a file +- 파일을 삭제하다 = to delete a file Example: -첨부**파일**을 확인하세요! = See the attached **file** -저는 이메일에 **파일**을 첨부했어요 = I attached a **file** to the e-mail -저는 **파일**을 2시쯤 보낼 거예요 = I will send the **file** at approximately 2:00 + +- 첨부**파일**을 확인하세요! = See the attached **file** +- 저는 이메일에 **파일**을 첨부했어요 = I attached a **file** to the e-mail +- 저는 **파일**을 2시쯤 보낼 거예요 = I will send the **file** at approximately 2:00
@@ -92,10 +470,12 @@ Example:
Common Usages: -로션을 바르다 = to apply lotion + +- 로션을 바르다 = to apply lotion Example: -손이 부드럽지 않아서 **로션**을 발랐어요 = I put **lotion** on my hands because they weren’t soft + +- 손이 부드럽지 않아서 **로션**을 발랐어요 = I put **lotion** on my hands because they weren’t soft
@@ -106,12 +486,14 @@ Example: The pronunciation of this word is closer to “습꽌” Common Usages: -식습관 = eating habits -습관을 만들다 = to start a habit + +- 식습관 = eating habits +- 습관을 만들다 = to start a habit Example: -한국 사람들은 옛날 **습관**을 아직도 따라요 = Korean people still follow old **customs** -자기 전에 라면을 먹는 **습관**이 있어요 = I have the **habit** of eating ramen before going to bed + +- 한국 사람들은 옛날 **습관**을 아직도 따라요 = Korean people still follow old **customs** +- 자기 전에 라면을 먹는 **습관**이 있어요 = I have the **habit** of eating ramen before going to bed @@ -120,12 +502,14 @@ Example:
Common Usages: -짧은 치마 = short skirt -치마를 입다 = to put on a skirt + +- 짧은 치마 = short skirt +- 치마를 입다 = to put on a skirt Example: -어떤 치마를 사고 싶어요? = Which skirt do you want to buy? -중학생들의 **치마**는 점점 짧아지고 있어요 = Middle school students’ **skirts** are getting shorter and shorter + +- 어떤 **치마**를 사고 싶어요? = Which **skirt** do you want to buy? +- 중학생들의 **치마**는 점점 짧아지고 있어요 = Middle school students’ **skirts** are getting shorter and shorter
@@ -134,10 +518,12 @@ Example:
Common Usages: -단계적으로 = in stages, step-by-step + +- 단계적으로 = in stages, step-by-step Example: -그 학생은 아직 첫 번째 **단계**에 있어요 = That student is still at the first **stage** + +- 그 학생은 아직 첫 번째 **단계**에 있어요 = That student is still at the first **stage**
@@ -146,10 +532,12 @@ Example:
Common Usages: -뭐 하는 짓이야? = What are you doing? (This is used when somebody is doing something weird, and you want to ask them “What the h\*ll are you doing?”) + +- 뭐 하는 짓이야? = What are you doing? (This is used when somebody is doing something weird, and you want to ask them “What the h\*ll are you doing?”) Example: -그 나쁜 **짓**을 왜 했어요? = Why did you do **that (bad action)**? + +- 그 나쁜 **짓**을 왜 했어요? = Why did you do **that (bad action)**?
@@ -161,10 +549,11 @@ Example: Common Usages: -자리를 차지하다 = to occupy a place, seat +- 자리를 차지하다 = to occupy a place, seat Example: -그 차는 넓은 공간을 **차지하**고 있어요 = That car **takes up** a lot of room/space + +- 그 차는 넓은 공간을 **차지하**고 있어요 = That car **takes up** a lot of room/space @@ -173,12 +562,16 @@ Example:
Common Usages: -분리수거 = to separate garbage before collection -Notes: This word is most commonly used to refer to people coming to pick up garbage (garbage collection). You would think that this word wouldn’t be very common (how often do you talk about garbage collection), but it is used fairly often if you live in Korea. +- 분리수거 = to separate garbage before collection + +Notes: + +This word is most commonly used to refer to people coming to pick up garbage (garbage collection). You would think that this word wouldn’t be very common (how often do you talk about garbage collection), but it is used fairly often if you live in Korea. Example: -쓰레기는 월요일마다 **수거된다** = Garbage is **collected** every Monday + +- 쓰레기는 월요일마다 **수거된다** = Garbage is **collected** every Monday
@@ -187,12 +580,14 @@ Example:
Common Usages: -첨부파일 = attached file + +- 첨부파일 = attached file Example: -저는 이메일에 파일을 **첨부했어요** = I **attached** a file to the e-mail -그 파일을 **첨부했습니까**? = Did you **attach** the file? -**첨부**파일을 확인하세요! = See/Check the **attached** file + +- 저는 이메일에 파일을 **첨부했어요** = I **attached** a file to the e-mail +- 그 파일을 **첨부했습니까**? = Did you **attach** the file? +- **첨부**파일을 확인하세요! = See/Check the **attached** file
@@ -203,15 +598,19 @@ Example: The pronunciation of this word is closer to “찓따” Common Usages: -찢어지다 = to be torn, ripped -옷을 찢다 = to rip one’s clothes -갈기갈기 찢다 = to rip to shreds -Notes: If you want to say that you ripped a hole in your clothes, you can also use the idiom “빵구가 났다” +- 찢어지다 = to be torn, ripped +- 옷을 찢다 = to rip one’s clothes +- 갈기갈기 찢다 = to rip to shreds + +Notes: + +If you want to say that you ripped a hole in your clothes, you can also use the idiom “빵구가 났다” Example: -누가 이 옷을 찢었어요? = Who ripped the clothes? -저의 여자 친구는 제가 쓴 편지를 **찢었어요** = My girlfriend **ripped** **up** the letter that I wrote for her + +- 누가 이 옷을 **찢었어요**? = Who **ripped** the clothes? +- 저의 여자 친구는 제가 쓴 편지를 **찢었어요** = My girlfriend **ripped up** the letter that I wrote for her @@ -220,14 +619,19 @@ Example:
Common Usages: -다녀오겠습니다! = Goodbye (Literally, “I will go, and then come back”) -잘 다녀오세요! = Have a good time/trip (Literally, go well, and then come back) -Notes: A combination of the words 다니다 and 오다 -This word is often used in greetings, to indicate that one will go, and then come back. +- 다녀오겠습니다! = Goodbye (Literally, “I will go, and then come back”) +- 잘 다녀오세요! = Have a good time/trip (Literally, go well, and then come back) + +Notes: + +A combination of the words 다니다 and 오다. This word is often used in greetings, to indicate that one will go, and then come back. Example: -선생님! 미국에 잘 **다녀왔어요**? = Teacher! Did you **come back** well from America? (I know this sounds weird in English, but Korean people will always use this format when asking if somebody had a good time on a trip) + +- 선생님! 미국에 잘 **다녀왔어요**? = Teacher! Did you **come back** well from America? + +_(I know this sounds weird in English, but Korean people will always use this format when asking if somebody had a good time on a trip)_
@@ -238,27 +642,31 @@ Example: The noun form of this word translates to “expectation” Common Usages: -예상대로 = as expected -예상치 = an estimate + +- 예상대로 = as expected +- 예상치 = an estimate Example: -저는 돈을 더 많이 벌 것을 **예상했어요** = I **expected** to make (earn) more money + +- 저는 돈을 더 많이 벌 것을 **예상했어요** = I **expected** to make (earn) more money ### Adjectives -올바르다 = to be correct +올바르다 = to be correct/to be proper
올바르다 follows the 르 irregular Common Usages: -올바른 길 = the right path – both figuratively and literally + +- 올바른 길 = the right path – both figuratively and literally Example: -저는 **올바른** 평가를 받지 않았어요 = I didn’t receive the **proper** evaluation + +- 저는 **올바른** 평가를 받지 않았어요 = I didn’t receive the **proper** evaluation
@@ -269,13 +677,15 @@ Example: The pronunciation of this word is closer to “복짜파다” Common Usages: -일이 복잡하다 = for work to be complicated -길이 복잡하다 = for a street to be busy (usually with people) + +- 일이 복잡하다 = for work to be complicated +- 길이 복잡하다 = for a street to be busy (usually with people) Examples: -설명은 너무 **복잡한가요**? = Is the explanation too **complicated**? -한국으로 이민하는 과정은 **복잡해요** = The process of immigrating to Korea is **complicated** -책상이 너무 **복잡해서** 책을 조금 치워 야 돼요 = I need to clear the books a bit because my desk is very **messy/unorganized** + +- 설명은 너무 **복잡한가요**? = Is the explanation too **complicated**? +- 한국으로 이민하는 과정은 **복잡해요** = The process of immigrating to Korea is **complicated** +- 책상이 너무 **복잡해서** 책을 조금 치워 야 돼요 = I need to clear the books a bit because my desk is very **messy/unorganized** @@ -286,15 +696,17 @@ Examples: The pronunciation of this word is closer to “짤따” Common Usages: -짧은 시간 = a short time -짧은 머리 = short hair -혀가 짧다 = to have a lisp (literally, to have a short tongue) + +- 짧은 시간 = a short time +- 짧은 머리 = short hair +- 혀가 짧다 = to have a lisp (literally, to have a short tongue) Example: -학생들은 **짧은** 영화를 보고 있어요 = The students are watching a **short** film -머리를 **짧게** 잘라 주세요 = Cut my hair **short**, please -손톱을 왜 이렇게 **짧게** 잘랐어요? = Why did you cut your nails so **short** (like this)? -중학생들의 치마는 점점 **짧아**지고 있어요 = Middle school students’ skirts are getting **shorter** and **shorter** + +- 학생들은 **짧은** 영화를 보고 있어요 = The students are watching a **short** film +- 머리를 **짧게** 잘라 주세요 = Cut my hair **short**, please +- 손톱을 왜 이렇게 **짧게** 잘랐어요? = Why did you cut your nails so **short** (like this)? +- 중학생들의 치마는 점점 **짧아**지고 있어요 = Middle school students’ skirts are getting **shorter** and **shorter** @@ -304,13 +716,15 @@ Example:
-Notes: 얼마나 is a very common adverb that means “how” but is very different from 어떻게. 얼마나 is a word that is placed before adjectives and adverbs to mean “how (adjective/adverb). You can also put “얼마” before 이다 to ask “how much does this cost?” +Notes: + +얼마나 is a very common adverb that means “how” but is very different from 어떻게. 얼마나 is a word that is placed before adjectives and adverbs to mean “how (adjective/adverb). You can also put “얼마” before 이다 to ask “how much does this cost?” Examples: - 한국어를 **얼마나** 자주 공부해요? = **How** often do you study Korean? -- **얼마나** 많은 돈을 가져갈 거야? = **How much** money will you take? -- 이것은 **얼마**예요? = **How much** is this? +- **얼마나** 많은 돈을 가져갈 거야? = **How much** money will you take? +- 이것은 **얼마**예요? = **How much** is this?
@@ -320,12 +734,14 @@ Examples: The pronunciation of this word is closer to “멷” -Notes: Used before a counter to ask how many of something. Also used to ask about one’s age. +Notes: + +Used before a counter to ask how many of something. Also used to ask about one’s age. Example: -- 차가 **몇** 대 있어요? = **How many** cars do you have? -- 친구를 **몇** 명 만났어요? = **How many** friends did you meet? +- 차가 **몇** 대 있어요? = **How many** cars do you have? +- 친구를 **몇** 명 만났어요? = **How many** friends did you meet? - 어제 학교에 **몇** 번 갔어요? = **How many** times did you go to school yesterday? - **몇** 살이에요? = **How** old are you? @@ -336,16 +752,18 @@ Example:
Common Usages: -뭐 했어요? = What did you do? -뭐 하고 싶어요? = What do you want to do? -뭐라고? = What did you say? -뭐 먹고 싶어요? = What do you want to eat? + +- 뭐 했어요? = What did you do? +- 뭐 하고 싶어요? = What do you want to do? +- 뭐라고? = What did you say? +- 뭐 먹고 싶어요? = What do you want to eat? Example: -내일 **뭐** 하고 싶어요? = **What** do you want to do tomorrow? -전화번호는 **뭐**에요? = **What** is your phone number? -지난 주말에 **뭐** 했어요? = **What** did you do last weekend? -어제 학생들한테 **뭐** 가르쳤어요? = **What** did you teach the students yesterday? + +- 내일 **뭐** 하고 싶어요? = **What** do you want to do tomorrow? +- 전화번호는 **뭐**에요? = **What** is your phone number? +- 지난 주말에 **뭐** 했어요? = **What** did you do last weekend? +- 어제 학생들한테 **뭐** 가르쳤어요? = **What** did you teach the students yesterday?
@@ -353,13 +771,15 @@ Example:
-Notes: The difference between 어떤, 무슨 and 어느 is discussed at length in this lesson. +Notes: + +The difference between 어떤, 무슨 and 어느 is discussed at length in this lesson. Example: - **무슨** 영화를 보고 싶어요? = **What** movie do you want to see? -- **무슨** 일을 하고 싶어요? = **What** work do you want to do? -- **무슨** 생각 해요? = **What** are you thinking? +- **무슨** 일을 하고 싶어요? = **What** work do you want to do? +- **무슨** 생각 해요? = **What** are you thinking?
@@ -370,8 +790,9 @@ Example: The pronunciation of this word is closer to “무얻” Example: -내일 **무엇**을 하고 싶어요? = **What** do you want to do tomorrow? -아침으로 **무엇**을 먹었어요? = **What** did you eat for breakfast? + +- 내일 **무엇**을 하고 싶어요? = **What** do you want to do tomorrow? +- 아침으로 **무엇**을 먹었어요? = **What** did you eat for breakfast? @@ -379,13 +800,16 @@ Example:
-Notes: The difference between 어떤, 무슨 and 어느 is discussed at length in this lesson. +Notes: + +The difference between 어떤, 무슨 and 어느 is discussed at length in this lesson. Examples: -어제 **어떤** 남자가 왔어요? = **Which** man came here yesterday? -**어떤** 소설을 읽고 있어요? **Which** novel are you reading? -**어떤** 종류의 차를 원해요? = **What/which** type of car do you want? -**어떤** 것이 더 좋아요? = **Which** one is better? + +- 어제 **어떤** 남자가 왔어요? = **Which** man came here yesterday? +- **어떤** 소설을 읽고 있어요? = **Which** novel are you reading? +- **어떤** 종류의 차를 원해요? = **What/which** type of car do you want? +- **어떤** 것이 더 좋아요? = **Which** one is better?
@@ -393,12 +817,14 @@ Examples:
-Notes: 어떤 can mean “which” as in “which sport do you like best?” But it can also mean “some.” How do you differentiate if “어떤” means some or which? If the sentence is a question, it will usually mean “which.” If the sentence is not a question, it will usually mean “some.” +Notes: + +어떤 can mean “which” as in “which sport do you like best?” But it can also mean “some.” How do you differentiate if “어떤” means some or which? If the sentence is a question, it will usually mean “which.” If the sentence is not a question, it will usually mean “some.” Examples: - **어떤** 남자는 어제 여기에 왔어 = **Some** man came here yesterday -- 그 학생은 **어떤** 여자와 지금 사귀고 있어요 = That student is going out with **some** girl now +- 그 학생은 **어떤** 여자와 지금 사귀고 있어요 = That student is going out with **some** girl now
@@ -406,7 +832,9 @@ Examples:
-Notes: The difference between 어떤, 무슨 and 어느 is discussed at length in this lesson. +Notes: + +The difference between 어떤, 무슨 and 어느 is discussed at length in this lesson. Example: @@ -419,10 +847,13 @@ Example:
-Notes: 어때 is placed after a noun to say “how about/what do you think about?” +Notes: + +어때 is placed after a noun to say “how about/what do you think about?” Example: -점심은 **어땠어요**? = **How was** lunch? + +- 점심은 **어땠어요**? = **How was** lunch?
@@ -431,7 +862,8 @@ Example:
Example: -어린 한국 사람들은 **대개** 영어로 조금 말할 수 있어요 = Young Korean people can **usually** speak English a little bit + +- 어린 한국 사람들은 **대개** 영어로 조금 말할 수 있어요 = Young Korean people can **usually** speak English a little bit
@@ -441,21 +873,30 @@ Example: The pronunciation of this word is closer to “바깓” -Notes: This can be placed before a noun to describe it or to refer to the outside in general. +Notes: + +This can be placed before a noun to describe it or to refer to the outside in general. Examples: -미친 사람이 **바깥**에서 춤을 췄어요= A crazy man was dancing **outside -바깥** 날씨가 추워요 = The weather **outside** is cold -[쯤](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson22v30.mp3)= approximately +- 미친 사람이 **바깥**에서 춤을 췄어요 = A crazy man was dancing **outside** +- **바깥** 날씨가 추워요 = The weather **outside** is cold -Common Usages: Usually used after nouns and numbers (very commonly time) to have the meaning “approximately.” -언제쯤 = Around when? Around what time? -몇 시쯤? = Around what time? +
+ +쯤 = approximately + +
+ +Usually used after nouns and numbers (very commonly time) to have the meaning “approximately.” + +- 언제쯤 = Around when? Around what time? +- 몇 시쯤? = Around what time? Example: -[저는 파일을 2시쯤 보낼 거예요](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/2-I-will-send-the-file-at-approximately-200.m4a) = I will send the file at approximately 2:00 -수업이 4시**쯤**에 시작될 예정이에요 = The class is scheduled to start at **about** 4:00pm + +- ⁠저는 파일을 2시**쯤** 보낼 거예요 = I will send the file at **approximately** 2:00 +- 수업이 4시**쯤**에 시작될 예정이에요 = The class is scheduled to start at **about** 4:00pm
@@ -463,10 +904,13 @@ Example:
-Notes: When you have two nouns as the subject, you can indicate that something was done to each other (reciprocally) +Notes: + +When you have two nouns as the subject, you can indicate that something was done to each other (reciprocally) Example: -[우리는 서로 편지를 줬어요](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/4-We-gave-letters-to-each-other.m4a) = We gave letters to each other + +- ⁠우리는 **서로** 편지를 줬어요 = We gave letters to **each other**
@@ -474,9 +918,13 @@ Example:
-Notes: Technically a noun, but usually the translation makes it sound like it is a verb with an emphasis attached to it. +Notes: -Example: This word is usually used by itself at the top of messages (or as the subject of an e-mail) to indicate that the message is a “must read” +Technically a noun, but usually the translation makes it sound like it is a verb with an emphasis attached to it. + +Example: + +This word is usually used by itself at the top of messages (or as the subject of an e-mail) to indicate that the message is a “must read”
@@ -484,16 +932,17 @@ Example: This word is usually used by itself at the top of messages (or as the s
-Common Usages: This word has three main usages: +This word has three main usages: - When asking somebody how many days they will do something - When asking what day it is - To say “a few days ago” Examples: -한국에서 며칠 있었어요? = How many days were you in Korea? -오늘은 며칠이에요? = What day is it today? -우리는 며칠 전에 만났어요 = We met a few days ago + +- 한국에서 **며칠** 있었어요? = **How many days** were you in Korea? +- 오늘은 **며칠**이에요? = **What day** is it today? +- 우리는 **며칠** 전에 만났어요 = We met **a few days ago**
@@ -503,10 +952,11 @@ Examples: Common Usages: -백 퍼센트 = 100 percent +- 백 퍼센트 = 100 percent Example: -학생들의 20**퍼센트**만 시험을 합격했어요 = Only 20 **percent** of the students passed the exam + +- 학생들의 20**퍼센트**만 시험을 합격했어요 = Only 20 **percent** of the students passed the exam