From 5e4eb495f380bcc2a226fecc1428470f790ae328 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: polv Date: Mon, 6 Apr 2026 11:45:22 +0700 Subject: [PATCH] lesson clean some vocab --- docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/05-tenses.md | 198 +++++++++++++--------- 1 file changed, 115 insertions(+), 83 deletions(-) diff --git a/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/05-tenses.md b/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/05-tenses.md index 030376f..7339bca 100644 --- a/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/05-tenses.md +++ b/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/05-tenses.md @@ -31,208 +31,240 @@ Examples: -남동생 = younger brother +남동생 = younger brother
Examples: -저는 **남동생**보다 키가 더 커요 = I am taller than my (younger) brother -나는 **남동생**보다 밥을 더 먹었어 = I ate more than my (younger) brother -너의 **남동생**은 몇 살이야? = How old is your (younger) brother? -저의 게으른 **남동생**은 하루 종일 아무것도 안 해요 = My lazy **brother** doesn’t do anything all day -저는 2주 전에 **남동생**을 만났어요 = I met my **brother** 2 weeks ago -**남동생**은 울었어요? = Did your **brother** cry? + +- 저는 **남동생**보다 키가 더 커요 = I am taller than my (younger) brother +- 나는 **남동생**보다 밥을 더 먹었어 = I ate more than my (younger) brother +- 너의 **남동생**은 몇 살이야? = How old is your (younger) brother? +- 저의 게으른 **남동생**은 하루 종일 아무것도 안 해요 = My lazy **brother** doesn’t do anything all day +- 저는 2주 전에 **남동생**을 만났어요 = I met my **brother** 2 weeks ago +- **남동생**은 울었어요? = Did your **brother** cry?
-여동생 = younger sister +여동생 = younger sister
Examples: -저의 **여동생**은 지난 주에 책 두 권을 읽었어요 = My **sister** read two books last week -너의 **여동생**은 예뻐요 = Your **younger sister** is pretty + +- 저의 **여동생**은 지난 주에 책 두 권을 읽었어요 = My **sister** read two books last week +- 너의 **여동생**은 예뻐요 = Your **younger sister** is pretty
-형 = older brother +형 = older brother
Notes: + This word is only used if the younger person is also a man Common Usages: -형님 = formal version of 형 + +- 형님 = formal version of 형 Examples: -그 사람은 저의 **형**입니다 = That person is my **brother** -**형**을 왜 때렸어요? = Why did you hit your **brother**? -저의 **형**은 똑똑한 남자입니다 = My **brother** is a smart man + +- 그 사람은 저의 **형**입니다 = That person is my **brother** +- **형**을 왜 때렸어요? = Why did you hit your **brother**? +- 저의 **형**은 똑똑한 남자입니다 = My **brother** is a smart man
-오빠 = older brother +오빠 = older brother
Notes: + This word is only used if the younger person is a female Example: -저는 공을 **오빠**한테 던졌어요 = I threw the ball to my brother -오빠는 바닥에 앉아서 점심을 먹었어요 = My **brother** ate lunch sitting on the floor -**오빠**는 밤 늦게 밥을 먹는 것을 좋아해요 = My **brother** likes eating food late at night -**오빤** (**오빠**는) 강남스타일 = **older brother** (I am) is Gangnam style + +- 저는 공을 **오빠**한테 던졌어요 = I threw the ball to my **brother** +- **오빠**는 바닥에 앉아서 점심을 먹었어요 = My **brother** ate lunch sitting on the floor +- **오빠**는 밤 늦게 밥을 먹는 것을 좋아해요 = My **brother** likes eating food late at night +- **오빤** (**오빠**는) 강남스타일 = **older brother** (I am) is Gangnam style
-누나 = older sister +누나 = older sister
Notes: + This word is only used if the younger person is a male Examples: -저의 **누나**는 대학생이에요 = My **older** **sister** is a University student -저는 저의 **누나**를 불렀어요 = I called my sister -이 사람은 저의 **누나**예요 = This (person) is my sister -저는 저의 **누나**한테 돈만 줄 거예요 = To my **older sister**, I’ll just give money -저의 **누나**는 충동적인 여자예요 = My older **sister** is an impulsive girl + +- 저의 **누나**는 대학생이에요 = My **older** **sister** is a University student +- 저는 저의 **누나**를 불렀어요 = I called my sister +- 이 사람은 저의 **누나**예요 = This (person) is my sister +- 저는 저의 **누나**한테 돈만 줄 거예요 = To my **older sister**, I’ll just give money +- 저의 **누나**는 충동적인 여자예요 = My older **sister** is an impulsive girl
-언니 = older sister +언니 = older sister
Notes: + This word is only used if the younger person is a female Example: -저는 **언니**랑 밥을 먹었어요 = I ate with my **sister** + +- 저는 **언니**랑 밥을 먹었어요 = I ate with my **sister**
-삼촌 = uncle - -
- -Notes: Korean people often pronounce this word as “삼춘” - -Example: -저의 **삼촌**은 선생님이에요 = My **uncle** is a teacher - -
- -이모 = aunt (on mother’s side) +삼촌 = uncle
Notes: + +Korean people often pronounce this word as “삼춘” + +Example: + +- 저의 **삼촌**은 선생님이에요 = My **uncle** is a teacher + +
+ +이모 = aunt (on mother’s side) + +
+ +Notes: + This word is only used to refer to the sister(s) of one’s mother Common Usages: -큰 이모 = the oldest sister of one’s mother -둘째 이모 = the second oldest sister of one’s mother -막내 이모 = the youngest sister of one’s mother + +- 큰 이모 = the oldest sister of one’s mother +- 둘째 이모 = the second oldest sister of one’s mother +- 막내 이모 = the youngest sister of one’s mother Example: -우리 엄마는 **이모**와 닮았어요 = My mom looks like our **aunt** + +- 우리 엄마는 **이모**와 닮았어요 = My mom looks like our **aunt**
-고모 = aunt (on father’s side) +고모 = aunt (on father’s side)
Notes: + This word is only used to refer to the sister(s) of one’s father Example: -우리 아버지는 **고모**와 살고 있어요 = Our father lives with our **aunt** + +- 우리 아버지는 **고모**와 살고 있어요 = Our father lives with our **aunt**
-아저씨 = older man not related to you +아저씨 = older man not related to you
-Notes: This word is used to refer to an older man whom you don’t know. More broadly, it can be applied to the position that men have, for example “버스 아저씨” for “bus driver” or “택시 아저씨” for “taxi driver.” +Notes: + +This word is used to refer to an older man whom you don’t know. More broadly, it can be applied to the position that men have, for example “버스 아저씨” for “bus driver” or “택시 아저씨” for “taxi driver.” Example: -**아저씨**! 앉으세요! = **Sir**, please sit down -**아저씨**! 맥주 두 잔 주세요! = **Sir**! Two glasses of beer, please! + +- **아저씨**! 앉으세요! = **Sir**, please sit down +- **아저씨**! 맥주 두 잔 주세요! = **Sir**! Two glasses of beer, please!
-아주머니 = older woman not related to you +아주머니 = older woman not related to you
Example: -**아주머니**! 소주 두 병 주세요! = **Miss**! Two bottles of soju please! -동대문시장에서 아주머니가 많아요 = There are a lot of older women in Dongdaemun market + +- **아주머니**! 소주 두 병 주세요! = **Miss**! Two bottles of soju please! +- 동대문시장에서 아주머니가 많아요 = There are a lot of older women in Dongdaemun market
-할아버지 = grandfather +할아버지 = grandfather
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “하라버지” Common Usages: -산타할아버지 = Santa Clause (Santa Grandpa) -Notes: You can use this word to refer to anybody who looks the age of a grandfather, not just your own grandfather. +- 산타할아버지 = Santa Clause (Santa Grandpa) + +Notes: + +You can use this word to refer to anybody who looks the age of a grandfather, not just your own grandfather. Example: -우리 **할아버지**는 한국전쟁에서 싸웠어요 = Our **grandfather** fought in the Korean war -**할아버지**와 **할아버지** 친구는 옛날 이야기를 나눴어요 = **Grandpa** and his friend shared old stories (with each other) -아들은 **할아버지**께 선물을 줬어요 = The son gave a present to his grandfather -그 **할아버지**는 주름이 하나도 없어요 = That **grandfather** doesn’t even have one wrinkle -**할아버지**께 선물을 드리고 싶어요 = I want to give my **grandfather** a present -**할아버지**가 여기에 계신지 몰랐어요 = I didn’t know you were here, grandpa -할아버지는 우리 아들에게 돈을 주었어요 = **Grandpa** gave money to our son -우리 **할아버지**가 죽어서 저는 너무 슬퍼요 = I am very sad because my **grandfather** died + +- 우리 **할아버지**는 한국전쟁에서 싸웠어요 = Our **grandfather** fought in the Korean war +- **할아버지**와 **할아버지** 친구는 옛날 이야기를 나눴어요 = **Grandpa** and his friend shared old stories (with each other) +- 아들은 **할아버지**께 선물을 줬어요 = The son gave a present to his grandfather +- 그 **할아버지**는 주름이 하나도 없어요 = That **grandfather** doesn’t even have one wrinkle +- **할아버지**께 선물을 드리고 싶어요 = I want to give my **grandfather** a present +- **할아버지**가 여기에 계신지 몰랐어요 = I didn’t know you were here, **grandpa** +- **할아버**지는 우리 아들에게 돈을 주었어요 = **Grandpa** gave money to our son +- 우리 **할아버지**가 죽어서 저는 너무 슬퍼요 = I am very sad because my **grandfather** died
-할머니 = grandmother +할머니 = grandmother
-Notes: You can use this word to refer to anybody who looks the age of a grandmother, not just your own grandmother. +Notes: + +You can use this word to refer to anybody who looks the age of a grandmother, not just your own grandmother. Example: -저의 **할머니**는 요리를 너무 잘해요 = My **grandmother** cooks very well -저의 **할머니**가 여기에 자주 안 오셔요 = My **grandmother** doesn’t come here often -저는 **할머니**를 위해 식사를 준비했어요 = I prepared a meal for grandmother -할머니는 어제 아파서 입원했어요 = **Grandma** checked into the hospital yesterday because she was sick + +- 저의 **할머니**는 요리를 너무 잘해요 = My **grandmother** cooks very well +- 저의 **할머니**가 여기에 자주 안 오셔요 = My **grandmother** doesn’t come here often +- 저는 **할머니**를 위해 식사를 준비했어요 = I prepared a meal for **grandmother** +- **할머니**는 어제 아파서 입원했어요 = **Grandma** checked into the hospital yesterday because she was sick
-친구 = friend +친구 = friend
Common Usages: -여자 친구 = girlfriend -남자 친구 = boyfriend -친구를 만나다 = to meet a friend + +- 여자 친구 = girlfriend +- 남자 친구 = boyfriend +- 친구를 만나다 = to meet a friend Example: -저는 어제 **친구**를 만났어요 = I met a **friend** yesterday -저는 저의 **친구**를 자주 만나요 = I meet my **friend** often -저는 **친구**랑 같이 있어요 = I’m with my friend -저는 저의 **친구**에게 돈을 줬어요 = I gave my **friend** money -저는 **친구**와 집에 갔어요 = I went home with my friend -저는 그것을 **친구**한테서 들었어요 = I heard that from my friend -저의 **친구**는 저 쪽으로 갔어요 = My **friend** went that way -저는 **친구**와 비슷해요 = I am similar to my friend -저의 **친구**는 (여기) 근처에 살아요 = My **friend** lives close (to here) + +- 저는 어제 **친구**를 만났어요 = I met a **friend** yesterday +- 저는 저의 **친구**를 자주 만나요 = I meet my **friend** often +- 저는 **친구**랑 같이 있어요 = I’m with my friend +- 저는 저의 **친구**에게 돈을 줬어요 = I gave my **friend** money +- 저는 **친구**와 집에 갔어요 = I went home with my friend +- 저는 그것을 **친구**한테서 들었어요 = I heard that from my friend +- 저의 **친구**는 저 쪽으로 갔어요 = My **friend** went that way +- 저는 **친구**와 비슷해요 = I am similar to my friend +- 저의 **친구**는 (여기) 근처에 살아요 = My **friend** lives close (to here)