diff --git a/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/11-time.md b/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/11-time.md index 5617c3f..3442651 100644 --- a/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/11-time.md +++ b/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/11-time.md @@ -264,29 +264,35 @@ Example:
-Notes: Used to indicate how long something is being done. Often placed after an indication of time. +Notes: + +Used to indicate how long something is being done. Often placed after an indication of time. For example: -10분 동안 = 10 minutes + +- 10분 동안 = 10 minutes In this same sense, it can be placed after a noun that describes a time. For example: -방학 동안 = during vacation -수업 시간 동안 = during class time + +- 방학 동안 = during vacation +- 수업 시간 동안 = during class time Also used with ~는 것 (Introduced in Lesson 26) to say “while.” For example: -제가 공부하는 동안 = while I was studying + +- 제가 공부하는 동안 = while I was studying Example: -저는 30분 **동안** 공부했어요 = I studied **for** 30 minutes -저는 공부하는 **동안** 밥을 먹었어요 = I ate **while** studying -저는 방학 **동안** 공부를 많이 했어요 = I studied a lot **during** vacation -반지를 사려고 두 달 **동안** 돈을 안 썼어요 = In order to buy a ring, I didn’t spend money **for** two months -저는 삼일 **동안** 밥을 안 먹었어요 = I didn’t eat rice **for** 3 days -텔레비전을 오랫**동안** 보지 마세요! = Don’t watch TV **for** a long time! -저는 두 달 **동안** 한국어 수업을 들었어요 = I took a Korean class **for** 2 months -저는 10분 **동안** 걸었어요 = I walked **for** 10 minutes -저는 1년 **동안** 영어를 외국에서 공부했어요 = I studied English in a foreign country **for** 1 year -저는 6개월 **동안** 여행했어요 = I travelled **for** 6 months + +- 저는 30분 **동안** 공부했어요 = I studied **for** 30 minutes +- 저는 공부하는 **동안** 밥을 먹었어요 = I ate **while** studying +- 저는 방학 **동안** 공부를 많이 했어요 = I studied a lot **during** vacation +- 반지를 사려고 두 달 **동안** 돈을 안 썼어요 = In order to buy a ring, I didn’t spend money **for** two months +- 저는 삼일 **동안** 밥을 안 먹었어요 = I didn’t eat rice **for** 3 days +- 텔레비전을 오랫**동안** 보지 마세요! = Don’t watch TV **for** a long time! +- 저는 두 달 **동안** 한국어 수업을 들었어요 = I took a Korean class **for** 2 months +- 저는 10분 **동안** 걸었어요 = I walked **for** 10 minutes +- 저는 1년 **동안** 영어를 외국에서 공부했어요 = I studied English in a foreign country **for** 1 year +- 저는 6개월 **동안** 여행했어요 = I travelled **for** 6 months
@@ -295,16 +301,20 @@ Example:
Common Usages: -두 달 동안 = for two months -세 달 동안 = for three months -달력 = calendar -Notes: When counting months, you can either use 달 or 개월. When using 달, you must use the pure Korean numbers, and when using 개월, you must use the Sino-Korean numbers. There is no difference in meaning, and both are used frequently +- 두 달 동안 = for two months +- 세 달 동안 = for three months +- 달력 = calendar + +Notes: + +When counting months, you can either use 달 or 개월. When using 달, you must use the pure Korean numbers, and when using 개월, you must use the Sino-Korean numbers. There is no difference in meaning, and both are used frequently Example: -저는 두 **달** 동안 한국어 수업을 들었어요 = I took a Korean class for 2 months -저는 여기에 한 **달**에 세 번 와요 = I come here three times per month -다음 **달**에 한국어를 배우기 시작할 거예요 = I will start learning Korean next **month** + +- 저는 두 **달** 동안 한국어 수업을 들었어요 = I took a Korean class for 2 months +- 저는 여기에 한 **달**에 세 번 와요 = I come here three times per month +- 다음 **달**에 한국어를 배우기 시작할 거예요 = I will start learning Korean next **month**
@@ -312,14 +322,15 @@ Example:
-Notes: When counting months, you can either use 달 or 개월. When using 달, you must use the pure Korean numbers, and when using 개월, you must use the Sino-Korean numbers. There is no +Notes: -difference in meaning, and both are used frequently +When counting months, you can either use 달 or 개월. When using 달, you must use the pure Korean numbers, and when using 개월, you must use the Sino-Korean numbers. There is no difference in meaning, and both are used frequently Example: -저는 2**개월** 동안 한국어 수업을 들었어요 = I took a Korean class for 2 months -저는 6**개월** 동안 여행했어요 = I traveled for 6 months -우리는 사귄 지 3**개월** 되었어요 = We have been going out for 3 **months** + +- 저는 2**개월** 동안 한국어 수업을 들었어요 = I took a Korean class for 2 months +- 저는 6**개월** 동안 여행했어요 = I traveled for 6 months +- 우리는 사귄 지 3**개월** 되었어요 = We have been going out for 3 **months**
@@ -327,13 +338,16 @@ Example:
-Notes: 날 is used as a stand alone word and not counted. It is used when talking about a specific day by itself. +Notes: + +날 is used as a stand alone word and not counted. It is used when talking about a specific day by itself. Examples: -저는 그 날에 갔어요 = I went on that day -저는 그 날에 계획이 있어요 = I have plans on that day -저는 그 날에 선생님이 되었어요 = I became a teacher on that day -우리는 그 날에 시작할 거예요 = We will start on that day + +- 저는 그 날에 갔어요 = I went on that day +- 저는 그 날에 계획이 있어요 = I have plans on that day +- 저는 그 날에 선생님이 되었어요 = I became a teacher on that day +- 우리는 그 날에 시작할 거예요 = We will start on that day
@@ -342,23 +356,27 @@ Examples:
Common Usages -하루 종일 = all day -하루 동안 = for one day -하루에 세 번 = three times per day -하루에 한 번 = once per day -하룻밤 = one night -Notes: When counting the number of days, you can usually say something like “5일” (five days). However, for a small number of days (one day, two days) there is a special word that corresponds to that number of days. “일 일” to mean “one day” would never be used. +- 하루 종일 = all day +- 하루 동안 = for one day +- 하루에 세 번 = three times per day +- 하루에 한 번 = once per day +- 하룻밤 = one night + +Notes: + +When counting the number of days, you can usually say something like “5일” (five days). However, for a small number of days (one day, two days) there is a special word that corresponds to that number of days. “일 일” to mean “one day” would never be used. Example: -저는 **하루**에 3시간 동안 공부해요 = I study for three hours in one day -저는 **하루** 동안 여행했어요 = I traveled for one day -저는 **하루**에 4시간 동안 공부해요 = I study for four hours per day -그 학생은 **하루** 종일 책을 읽을 수 있어요 = That student can read books all day -저는 이 약을 **하루**에 두 번 먹어요 = I eat (take) this medicine twice per day -저의 게으른 남동생은 **하루** 종일 아무것도 안 해요 = My lazy brother doesn’t do anything all day -그는 **하루** 종일 그냥 컴퓨터를 해요 = He just uses the computer all day -모든 학생들은 **하루** 종일 잤어 = All students slept all **day** + +- 저는 **하루**에 3시간 동안 공부해요 = I study for three hours in one day +- 저는 **하루** 동안 여행했어요 = I traveled for one day +- 저는 **하루**에 4시간 동안 공부해요 = I study for four hours per day +- 그 학생은 **하루** 종일 책을 읽을 수 있어요 = That student can read books all day +- 저는 이 약을 **하루**에 두 번 먹어요 = I eat (take) this medicine twice per day +- 저의 게으른 남동생은 **하루** 종일 아무것도 안 해요 = My lazy brother doesn’t do anything all day +- 그는 **하루** 종일 그냥 컴퓨터를 해요 = He just uses the computer all day +- 모든 학생들은 **하루** 종일 잤어 = All students slept all **day**
@@ -367,17 +385,21 @@ Example:
Common Usages -이틀 동안 = for two days -이틀에 한 번 = once per two days -Notes: When counting the number of days, you can usually say something like “5일” (five days). However, for a small number of days (one day, two days) there is a special word that corresponds to that number of days. “이 일” to mean “two days” would be used, but 이틀 would be more common. +- 이틀 동안 = for two days +- 이틀에 한 번 = once per two days + +Notes: + +When counting the number of days, you can usually say something like “5일” (five days). However, for a small number of days (one day, two days) there is a special word that corresponds to that number of days. “이 일” to mean “two days” would be used, but 이틀 would be more common. Example: -우리는 계곡에 **이틀** 동안 갈 거예요 = We are going to the valley for two days -저는 **이틀** 동안 안 잤어요 = I didn’t sleep for two days -우리는 **이틀** 동안 미국에 있었어요 = We were in America for two days -우리는 **이틀** 전에 한국에 왔어요 = We came to Korea **two days** ago -저는 그 친구를 **이틀** 후에 만날 거예요 = I will meet that friend **two days** from now + +- 우리는 계곡에 **이틀** 동안 갈 거예요 = We are going to the valley for two days +- 저는 **이틀** 동안 안 잤어요 = I didn’t sleep for two days +- 우리는 **이틀** 동안 미국에 있었어요 = We were in America for two days +- 우리는 **이틀** 전에 한국에 왔어요 = We came to Korea **two days** ago +- 저는 그 친구를 **이틀** 후에 만날 거예요 = I will meet that friend **two days** from now
@@ -385,10 +407,13 @@ Example:
-Notes: Even though “사” (‘four’) is in the word “사흘,” I assure you that 사흘 means “3 days.” Many Korean people think that “사흘” actually means “four days,” and I have pwned some Korean people by showing them that it actually means “three days” by looking it up in the Korean-Korean dictionary with them. +Notes: + +_Even though “사” (‘four’) is in the word “사흘,” I assure you that 사흘 means “3 days.”_ Many Korean people think that “사흘” actually means “four days,” and I have pwned some Korean people by showing them that it actually means “three days” by looking it up in the Korean-Korean dictionary with them. Example: -저는 **사흘** 동안 밥을 안 먹었어요 = I didn’t eat rice for **3 days** + +- 저는 **사흘** 동안 밥을 안 먹었어요 = I didn’t eat rice for **3 days**
@@ -396,18 +421,21 @@ Example:
-Notes: 지난 can be placed before some indicators of time to mean “last ….” +Notes: -There are two similar but different meanings for the word “last” in English. 지난 is used for only ONE of those meanings. 지난 is used to talk about something in the past, as in “last night I went to bed late.” It is not used to talk about the last thing in a sequence. See Lessons 10 and 11 for more information. +지난 can be placed before some indicators of time to mean “last ….” + +There are two similar but different meanings for the word “last” in English. 지난 is used for only ONE of those meanings. 지난 is used to talk about something in the past, as in “last night I went to bed late.” It is not used to talk about the last thing in a sequence. See Lessons 10 and 11 for more information. Example: -**지난** **주**에 저는 계획이 많았어요 = I had a lot of plans last week -그는 그녀를 **지난** **주**에 해고했을 것 같아요 = It appears that he fired her last week -저의 여동생은 **지난** **주**에 책 두 권을 읽었어요 = My sister read two books last week -지난 **주**말에 뭐 했어요? = What did you do **last weekend**? -저는 그 영화를 **지난** **주**에 봤어요 = I saw that movie last week -지난 **주**에 우리는 아무데도 안 갔어요= We didn’t go anywhere last week -저는 **지난 주**에 영화를 봤어요 = I saw a movie **last week** + +- **지난** **주**에 저는 계획이 많았어요 = I had a lot of plans last week +- 그는 그녀를 **지난** **주**에 해고했을 것 같아요 = It appears that he fired her last week +- 저의 여동생은 **지난** **주**에 책 두 권을 읽었어요 = My sister read two books **last week** +- **지난** **주**말에 뭐 했어요? = What did you do **last weekend**? +- 저는 그 영화를 **지난** **주**에 봤어요 = I saw that movie **last week** +- **지난** **주**에 우리는 아무데도 안 갔어요 = We didn’t go anywhere last week +- 저는 **지난 주**에 영화를 봤어요 = I saw a movie **last week**
@@ -416,8 +444,9 @@ Example:
Example: -저는 **지난** **달**에 그 시험을 봤어요 = I took that exam last month -학생은 **지난 달**보다 더 많이 공부하고 있어요 = The student is studying more than **last month** + +- 저는 **지난** **달**에 그 시험을 봤어요 = I took that exam last month +- 학생은 **지난 달**보다 더 많이 공부하고 있어요 = The student is studying more than **last month**
@@ -426,14 +455,20 @@ Example:
Example: -우리가 **이번** **주**에 뭐 할 거예요? = What are we going to do **this week**? -저는 **이번 주**에 계획이 없어요 = I have no plans **this week** + +- 우리가 **이번** **주**에 뭐 할 거예요? = What are we going to do **this week**? +- 저는 **이번 주**에 계획이 없어요 = I have no plans **this week** + +
이번 달 = this month +
+ Example: -그녀는 **이** **번** **달**에 애기를 낳을 예정이에요 = She is scheduled to give birth this month -저는 친구를 **이번 달**에 만날 거예요 = I will meet (that/a) friend **this month** + +- 그녀는 **이** **번** **달**에 애기를 낳을 예정이에요 = She is scheduled to give birth this month +- 저는 친구를 **이번 달**에 만날 거예요 = I will meet (that/a) friend **this month**
@@ -441,17 +476,20 @@ Example:
-Notes: 다음 can be placed before some indicators of time to mean “next” +Notes: + +다음 can be placed before some indicators of time to mean “next” Example: -학생들은 **다음** **주**에 학교에 돌아와요 = The students return to school next week -저는 **다음** **주**에 영화를 볼 거예요 = I will see a movie next week -저는 **다음** **주**에 캐나다에 갈 거예요 = I will go to Canada next week -저는 **다음** **주**에 미국에 갈 거예요 = I will go to the US **next week** -저는 **다음** **주**에 시험 공부를 할 거예요 = **Next week**, I will study for an exam -다음 주 목요일은 휴가인가? = Is **next Thursday** a holiday? -아직 간 적이 없어요. 하지만 다음 주에 가 볼 거예요 = I haven’t been there yet. But, I am going (to try) to go next week -우리는 다음 주에 그 문제에 대한 회의를 열 거예요 = We are going to hold a meeting **next week** about that problem + +- 학생들은 **다음** **주**에 학교에 돌아와요 = The students return to school next week +- 저는 **다음** **주**에 영화를 볼 거예요 = I will see a movie next week +- 저는 **다음** **주**에 캐나다에 갈 거예요 = I will go to Canada next week +- 저는 **다음** **주**에 미국에 갈 거예요 = I will go to the US **next week** +- 저는 **다음** **주**에 시험 공부를 할 거예요 = **Next week**, I will study for an exam +- 다음 주 목요일은 휴가인가? = Is **next Thursday** a holiday? +- 아직 간 적이 없어요. 하지만 다음 주에 가 볼 거예요 = I haven’t been there yet. But, I am going (to try) to go next week +- 우리는 다음 주에 그 문제에 대한 회의를 열 거예요 = We are going to hold a meeting **next week** about that problem
@@ -460,8 +498,9 @@ Example:
Example: -**다음** **달**은 지금보다 더 춥겠어요 = **Next month** will be colder than now -**다음 달**에 한국어를 배우기 시작할 거야 = I will start learning Korean **next month** + +- **다음** **달**은 지금보다 더 춥겠어요 = **Next month** will be colder than now +- **다음 달**에 한국어를 배우기 시작할 거야 = I will start learning Korean **next month**
@@ -470,11 +509,12 @@ Example:
Example: -**작년**에 어디서 공부했어요? = Where did you study **last year**? -저는 **작년**에 살이 많이 쪘어요 = I gained a lot of weight last year -그는 **작년**보다 한국어를 훨씬 잘해요 = He is much better at Korean than last year -작년에 우리 회사의 수입은 200만원이었어요 = Our company’s income **last year** was 200만 won -제가 **작년**에 가르친 학생 한 명은 벌써 의사가 되었어요 = One of the students I taught **last year** has already become a doctor + +- **작년**에 어디서 공부했어요? = Where did you study **last year**? +- 저는 **작년**에 살이 많이 쪘어요 = I gained a lot of weight last year +- 그는 **작년**보다 한국어를 훨씬 잘해요 = He is much better at Korean than **last year** +- **작년**에 우리 회사의 수입은 200만원이었어요 = Our company’s income **last year** was 200만 +- 제가 **작년**에 가르친 학생 한 명은 벌써 의사가 되었어요 = One of the students I taught **last year** has already become a doctor
@@ -483,8 +523,9 @@ Example:
Example: -우리는 **올해** 결혼하고 싶어요 = We want to get married **this yea**r -저의 어머니는 **올해** 한국에 올 것입니다 = My mom will come to Korea **this year** + +- 우리는 **올해** 결혼하고 싶어요 = We want to get married **this year** +- 저의 어머니는 **올해** 한국에 올 것입니다 = My mom will come to Korea **this year**
@@ -493,8 +534,9 @@ Example:
Example: -우리는 **내년**에 결혼하고 싶어요 = We want to get married next year -저는 **내년**에 한국에 갈 거예요 = I will go to Korea **next year** + +- 우리는 **내년**에 결혼하고 싶어요 = We want to get married next year +- 저는 **내년**에 한국에 갈 거예요 = I will go to Korea **next year**
@@ -507,20 +549,19 @@ This word appears in Korean Sign Explanation [Video 12] Common Usages: -평생 동안 = throughout my whole life -평생 동반자 = lifelong companion + +- 평생 동안 = throughout my whole life +- 평생 동반자 = lifelong companion Examples: -저는 **평생** 동안 하키를 했어요 = I played hockey my **whole life** -저는 **평생** 동안 오렌지를 세 번밖에 안 먹어 봤어요 -= I have only eaten oranges three times **in my life** - -저는 **평생** 동안 담배를 한 모금도 안 피웠어요 -= **In my whole life**, I haven’t even had one puff/drag of a cigarette - -그 사람이 부잣집에 태어나서 **평생** 동안 돈을 쓰는 것에 대해 한번도 걱정 안 했어요 -= That person was born into a rich family, so during his **whole life** he never had to worry about spending money +- 저는 **평생** 동안 하키를 했어요 = I played hockey my **whole life** +- 저는 **평생** 동안 오렌지를 세 번밖에 안 먹어 봤어요 + - I have only eaten oranges three times **in my life** +- 저는 **평생** 동안 담배를 한 모금도 안 피웠어요 + - **In my whole life**, I haven’t even had one puff/drag of a cigarette +- 그 사람이 부잣집에 태어나서 **평생** 동안 돈을 쓰는 것에 대해 한번도 걱정 안 했어요 + - That person was born into a rich family, so during his **whole life** he never had to worry about spending money @@ -528,15 +569,19 @@ Examples:
-Notes: This can be used as an adverb, for example: -저는 **보통** 아침 식사를 안 먹어요 = I **usually** don’t eat breakfast -피자를 먹으면 저는 콜라를 **보통** 마셔요 = When/If I eat pizza, I **usually** drink cola -배우들은 그들의 영화를 **보통** 좋아하지 않아 = Actors **usually** don’t like their movies -저는 **보통** 점심식사로 과일만 먹어요 = I **usually** only eat fruit for lunch -한국 사람들은 **보통** 아주 착해요 = Korean people are **usually** very nice +Notes: -It can also be used before a noun to mean “typical” or “usual” for example: -그것은 보통 일이에요 = That is (just) typical work +This can be used as an adverb, for example: + +- 저는 **보통** 아침 식사를 안 먹어요 = I **usually** don’t eat breakfast +- 피자를 먹으면 저는 콜라를 **보통** 마셔요 = When/If I eat pizza, I **usually** drink cola +- 배우들은 그들의 영화를 **보통** 좋아하지 않아 = Actors **usually** don’t like their movies +- 저는 **보통** 점심식사로 과일만 먹어요 = I **usually** only eat fruit for lunch +- 한국 사람들은 **보통** 아주 착해요 = Korean people are **usually** very nice + +It can also be used before a noun to mean “typical” or “usual” for example: + +- 그것은 보통 일이에요 = That is (just) typical work