From 51b15046be6acfe66d92992df2d9e514d54e4a92 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: polv Date: Thu, 9 Jul 2026 16:58:06 +0700 Subject: [PATCH] lesson 8 quiz; prepare new sentence mini-quiz --- .../.vitepress/theme/components/VocabQuiz.vue | 16 +- docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/08-adverbs.md | 1229 ++++++++++++----- 2 files changed, 902 insertions(+), 343 deletions(-) diff --git a/docs/.vitepress/theme/components/VocabQuiz.vue b/docs/.vitepress/theme/components/VocabQuiz.vue index 0cc5e89..2f0bcdd 100644 --- a/docs/.vitepress/theme/components/VocabQuiz.vue +++ b/docs/.vitepress/theme/components/VocabQuiz.vue @@ -106,9 +106,21 @@ const example = computed(() => { const MAX_VOC = 5; const { frontmatter } = useData(); -const vocabulary = frontmatter.value[fmKey] as Record; -vCats.value = Object.keys(vocabulary); +const vocabulary: Record = {}; + +for (const fk of fmKey.split(/[, ]+/g)) { + for (const [k, vs] of Object.entries( + frontmatter.value[fk] as Record, + )) { + vocabulary[k] = [...(vocabulary[k] || []), ...vs]; + + if (!vCats.value.includes(k)) { + vCats.value = [...vCats.value, k]; + } + } +} + vChosenCats.value = [...vCats.value]; makeVList(); diff --git a/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/08-adverbs.md b/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/08-adverbs.md index 1ead5ec..29189b1 100644 --- a/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/08-adverbs.md +++ b/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/08-adverbs.md @@ -1,142 +1,704 @@ +--- +vocabulary: + nouns: + - ko: 기계 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-8.mp3 + en: machine + examples: + - ko: 그 **기계**는 너무 무거워요 + en: That **machine** is very heavy + - ko: "**회사**는 **기계**를 대체했어" + en: The company replaced the **machine** + + - ko: 대학교 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-8-1.mp3 + en: college, university + notes: The pronunciation of this word is closer to "대학꾜" + examples: + - ko: 저는 서울**대학교**를 다녀요 + en: I go to (attend) Seoul **University** + - ko: 한국에서 **대학교**는 고등학교보다 덜 어려워요 + en: In Korea, **University** is not as hard as high school + - ko: "어느 **대학교**를 다녀요?" + en: Which **university** do you go to? + - ko: "어느 **대학교**를 졸업했어요?" + en: Which **university** did you graduate from? + - ko: 저는 10년 전에 서울**대학교**를 졸업했어요 + en: I graduated from Seoul **University** 10 years ago + - ko: "**대학교**에 가고 싶다면 열심히 공부해야 해요" + en: If you want to go to **university**, you have to study hard + - ko: 아들이 **대학교**를 졸업해서 우리는 축하를 해야 돼요 + en: Now that our son has graduated from **University**, we need to congratulate him + - ko: 원래 대학교에 갈 계획이 있었지만 수능을 잘 못 봐서 대학교에 갈 수 없었어요 + en: I had plans to go to **university**, but I couldn't get in because I did poorly on the SAT test + + - ko: 트럭 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-8-2.mp3 + en: truck + notes: Korean pronunciation of the English word "truck" + examples: + - ko: 그 고속도로에서 **트럭**을 운전해서는 안 돼요 + en: You must not drive a **truck** on that highway + + - ko: 검은색 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-8-3.mp3 + en: (the color) black + notes: | +

This is a combination of the adjective "검다" (black) and "색" (color). Put together, the word is a noun that means "the color black," but is often placed before nouns to describe them (like an adjective) anyways. Therefore, you can often see this (and other words of color) used before a noun to describe it and also at the end of a sentence (attached to 이다).

+

When Korean people describe something by color in English, they will often say something like "I like the black-colored shirt." This is the result of them directly translating "검은색 셔츠," whereas in English we would just say "black shirt."

+ examples: + - ko: 저의 차는 **검은색**이에요 + en: My car is **black** + - ko: 저는 **검은색** 차를 좋아해요 + en: I like **black** cars + + - ko: 흰색 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Lesson8vocab-white.mp3 + en: (the color) white + notes: See "black" above. 흰색 is a combination of "희다" and "색" + examples: + - ko: "**흰색** 셔츠를 입은 여자가 예뻐요" + en: The girl wearing the **white** shirt is pretty + - ko: "**흰색** 구두를 신고 있다" + en: I am wearing **white** shoes/boots + + - ko: 음료수 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-8-4.mp3 + en: beverage, drink + notes: | +

The pronunciation of this word is closer to "음뇨수"

+

This is commonly used to refer to drinks like Coke, cider (which is similar to Sprite) and other carbonated beverages.

+ examples: + - ko: "**음료수**를 주문할래요?" + en: Shall we order some **drinks**? + - ko: 이 뷔페가격은 **음료수**를 포함해요 + en: This buffet price includes **drinks** + + - ko: 외국 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-8-5.mp3 + en: foreign country + examples: + - ko: 저는 1년 동안 영어를 **외국**에서 공부했어요 + en: I studied English in a **foreign country** for 1 year + - ko: 저는 2년 동안 **외국**에서 살았어요 + en: I lived in a **foreign country** for 2 years + + - ko: 외국인 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-8-6.mp3 + en: foreigner + notes: The pronunciation of this word is closer to "외구긴" + examples: + - ko: 의정부에서 **외국인**이 많아요 + en: There are a lot of **foreigners** in Uijeongbu + + - ko: 고등학교 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-8-7.mp3 + en: high school + notes: The pronunciation of this word is closer to "고등학꾜" + examples: + - ko: 저는 **고등학교**를 다니고 있어요 + en: I am attending a **high school** + - ko: 우리 딸은 그 **고등학교**를 다녀요 + en: Our daughter attends that **high school** + - ko: 한국에서 대학교는 **고등학교**보다 덜 어려워요 + en: In Korea, University is not as hard as **high school** + - ko: "중학교 또는 **고등학교**를 다녀요?" + en: Do you go to middle school or **high school**? + - ko: "**고등학교**는 한국에서 어려워요" + en: "**High school** is difficult in Korea" + - ko: 그 선생님은 국립**고등학교**에서 일하셔요 + en: That teacher works at a public **(high) school** + + - ko: 도서관 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-8-9.mp3 + en: library + examples: + - ko: 저는 **도서관**에 어제 갔어요 + en: I went to the **library** yesterday + - ko: "**도서관**이 조용해서 거기서 공부하고 싶어요" + en: I want to study at the **library** because it is quiet + - ko: "내일 **도서관**에 갈까?" + en: Shall we go to the **library** tomorrow? + + - ko: 곳 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-8-32.mp3 + en: place + examples: + - ko: "그**곳**에 사람이 없어요" + en: There are no people at that **place** + - ko: 저는 제가 자주 가는 **곳**에 가고 있어요 + en: I am going to the **place** I often go to + - ko: 여기가 내가 근무하던 **곳**이야 + en: This place (here) is the **place** that I worked + - ko: 우리가 지난 번에 먹었던 **곳**에서 먹고 싶어요 + en: I want to eat at the **place** that we ate at last time + - ko: 이**곳**에 근무하던 우체국 직원이 삶을 영원히 포기했어요 + en: The worker/employee who used to work at **this** post-office gave up on his life forever + - ko: 하지만 펭귄이 있는 **곳**은 동물원 입구에서 멀다고 하니 아빠와 나는 우선 다른 동물들을 먼저 봤다 + en: But (because) the **place** the penguins are was said to be far from the zoo entrance, so Dad and I saw other animals first + + - ko: 동시 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Lesson-8-12.mp3 + en: same time + examples: + - ko: 모든 학생들은 **동시**에 교실에서 나왔어요 + en: All the students came out of the classroom at the **same time** + - ko: 대학교 때 **동시**에 여자 친구가 두 명 있었어요 + en: I had two girlfriends at the **same time** during university + - ko: 인터넷으로 **동시**에 수백 개의 물품을 사서는 안 돼요 + en: You shouldn't buy hundreds of items from the internet at the **same time** + - ko: 이 프로그램이 10개의 나라에서 **동시**에 방송되고 있다 + en: This program is being broadcasted in 10 countries **simultaneously** + - ko: 사랑, 성공, 명예 모두를 **동시**에 성취하는 일은 쉽지 않아서 우선순위를 정하는 게 중요해요 + en: It is not easy to achieve love, success and honor all at the **same time**, so it is important to prioritize them + + - ko: 밤 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-8-33.mp3 + en: night + notes: | +

This word appears in my Korean Sign Explanation Video 5.

+

+ examples: + - ko: "오늘 **밤**에 뭐 할 거예요?" + en: What are you doing to**night**? + - ko: 저는 아침부터 **밤**까지 공부만 했어요 + en: From morning to **night**, I only studied + - ko: 저는 **밤**에만 운동해요 + en: I exercise only at **night** + - ko: "오늘 **밤**에 뭐 하고 싶어요?" + en: What do you want to do **tonight**? + + - ko: 어젯밤 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-8-34.mp3 + en: last night + notes: | +

The pronunciation of this word is closer to "어제빰"

+

When two nouns are combined together to make one noun, and the first noun does not end in a consonant, the consonant 'ㅅ' is added purely for ease of pronunciation.

+ examples: + - ko: 우리는 **어젯밤**에 밥을 많이 먹었어요 + en: We ate a lot **last night** + - ko: 저는 **어젯밤**에 잘 잤어요 + en: I slept well **last night** + - ko: 저는 **어젯밤**에 이상한 꿈을 꿨어요 + en: I had a strange dream **last night** + + - ko: 낮 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-8-37.mp3 + en: daytime + notes: | +

The pronunciation of this word is closer to "낟"

+

This word appears in my Korean Sign Explanation Video 5.

+

+ examples: + - ko: 그 사람은 일을 안 하고 **낮**에 잠을 자기만 해요 + en: That person doesn't work and just sleeps **during the day** + - ko: 저는 커피를 **낮**에만 마셔요 + en: I drink coffee only during **the day** + + - ko: 동 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Lesson8vocab-east.mp3 + en: East + examples: + - ko: 토론토는 **동양**시장이 많아요 + en: Toronto has a lot of **Eastern** (Oriental) markets + + - ko: 남 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-8-38.mp3 + en: South + examples: + - ko: 부산은 한국 **남**쪽에 있어요 + en: Busan is in the **south** of Korea + + - ko: 서 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Lesson8vocab-west.mp3 + en: West + examples: + - ko: "**서양사람들**은 동양사람들과 달라요" + en: "**Western** people are different than Eastern people" + + - ko: 북 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-8-39.mp3 + en: North + examples: + - ko: 의정부는 서울 **북**쪽에 있어요 + en: Uijeongbu is **north** of Seoul + + verbs: + - ko: 놀다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-8-10.mp3 + en: to play + notes: | +

놀다 follows the ㄹ irregular

+

Although "playing" is usually reserved for kids in English, adults in Korean will also say that they "play" with friends. This typically meets that they met and had a good time.

+ examples: + - ko: 저는 어제 친구랑 **놀았어요** + en: I **played** with a friend yesterday + - ko: 아이들은 나무 주위에서 **놀**고 있어요 + en: The children are **playing** around the tree + - ko: 저는 보통 친구들과 시내에서 **놀아요** + en: I usually **play with** (**meet**) my friends downtown + + - ko: 쓰다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-8-11.mp3 + en: to use + notes: | +

쓰다 follows the ㅡ irregular

+

사용하다 is another common way to say "use"

+ examples: + - ko: 제가 이것을 **써**도 돼요? + en: May I **use** this? + - ko: 한국 사람들은 밥을 먹을 때 **젓가락**을 써요 + en: Korean people **use** chopsticks when they eat + - ko: 가뭄 때문에 물을 아껴 **써야** 돼요 + en: We need to **save**/conserve water because of the drought + - ko: 요즘에는 사람들이 수표를 안 **써요** + en: These days, people don't **use** cheques + - ko: 그 쿠폰을 VIPS에서도 **쓸** 수 있어요? + en: Can you **use** that coupon at VIPS too? + - ko: 저 컴퓨터가 고장이 나서 다른 컴퓨터를 **써야** 됩니다 + en: You have to **use** another computer because that one is broken + - ko: 중국 사람들은 소금을 뿌리는 것 대신에 음식에 간장을 **써요** + en: Instead of using salt, Chinese people **put/use** soy sauce on their food + - ko: 우리가 벌써 6월에 **쓸** 수 있는 인터넷 용량 제한을 넘었어요 + en: We already went over the data/space limit (data cap) that we can **use** for June + - ko: 친구들끼리는 반말을 쓰고, 어른들과 대화를 할 때는 존댓말을 **써요** + en: Use informal/casual speech among friends, and when conversing with adults, **use** formal speech + + - ko: 쓰다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-8-11.mp3 + en: to write + examples: + - ko: 저는 저의 여자 친구를 위해 편지를 **썼어요** + en: I **wrote** a letter for my girlfriend + - ko: 저는 부장님을 위해서 이것을 **썼어요** + en: I **wrote** this for my boss + - ko: 저는 여자친구를 위해 편지를 **쓰**고 싶어요 + en: I want to **write** a letter for my girlfriend + - ko: 저는 펜으로 **쓰**고 싶어요 + en: I want to **write** with a pen + - ko: 그는 손등에 뭔가를 **썼어요** + en: He **wrote** something on the back of his hand + + - ko: 실수하다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Lesson8-14.mp3 + en: to make a mistake + notes: | +

The pronunciation of this word is closer to "실쑤하다"

+

The noun form of this word ("실수") translates to "a mistake"

+

By adding "~하다" you can say "to make a mistake"

+ examples: + - ko: 범죄자는 그의 **실수**를 인정했어요 + en: The criminal acknowledged his **mistakes** + - ko: 제 행동은 **실수**인 것을 깨달았어요 + en: I realized that my actions (what I did) is/was a **mistake** + + - ko: 수리하다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Lesson8-15.mp3 + en: to repair + examples: + - ko: 그는 고장 난 컴퓨터를 **수리했어요** + en: He **repaired** the broken computer + - ko: 복사기를 **수리해야** 되었어요 + en: We had to **repair** the photocopier + - ko: 집주인이 물이 흘러나올까 봐 지붕을 **수리했어요** + en: The landlord was worried that water would flow in, so he **fixed up** (**repaired**) the roof + + - ko: 잡다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-8-15.mp3 + en: to catch, to grab, to grasp + notes: The pronunciation of this word is closer to "잡따" + examples: + - ko: 저는 공을 **잡았어요** + en: I **caught** the ball + - ko: 그는 직업을 바꿀 수 있는 기회를 **잡았어요** + en: He **seized** the opportunity to change jobs + + - ko: 읽다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-8-16.mp3 + en: to read + notes: The pronunciation of this word is closer to "익따" + examples: + - ko: 저는 이제 더 **읽**기 싫어요 + en: I don't want to **read** anymore + - ko: 저는 그 책을 **읽**고 싶어요 + en: I want to **read** that book + - ko: 저는 1년에 책 열 권을 **읽**을 수 있어요 + en: I can **read** ten books in one year + - ko: "어떤 소설을 **읽**고 있어요?" + en: Which novel are you **reading**? + + - ko: 내다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-8-17.mp3 + en: to pay for + notes: 내다 can have many other meanings. See Lesson 14 for more information. + examples: + - ko: 이번에 제가 **낼 거예요** + en: I will **pay** this time + - ko: 아빠가 돈을 이미 **낸** 것 같아요 + en: It seems like dad already **paid** + - ko: 우리가 청구서를 늦게라도 낼 거예요 + en: We are going to **pay** the bill, even if it is a little late + + - ko: 받다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Lesson-8-28.mp3 + en: to get, to receive, to acquire + notes: | +

The pronunciation of this word is closer to "받따"

+

See Lesson 14 for more information

+ examples: + - ko: 제가 보낸 돈을 **받았어요**? + en: Did you **get** the money that I sent? + - ko: 저는 **돈**을 받았어요 + en: I **received** money + - ko: 저는 저의 여자친구에게서 편지를 **받았어요** + en: I **received** a letter from my girlfriend + - ko: 그 문제에 관해 연수를 **받았어요** + en: We/I **received** training about that problem + - ko: 저는 당신의 말에 감동 **받았어요** + en: I was **impressed** with what you said + - ko: 저는 그 사람이 저에게 줄 선물을 **받**고 싶지 않아요 + en: I don't want to **accept** the gift that that person will give me + - ko: 만약 제가 선생님이라면 학생들에게 존경을 **받**고 싶을 거예요 + en: If I were a teacher, I would want to be **respected** by students + + - ko: 도착하다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-8-20.mp3 + en: to arrive + notes: The pronunciation of this word is closer to "도차카다" + examples: + - ko: 우리가 목적지에 거의 **도착했어요** + en: We have almost **arrived** at our destination + - ko: 우리가 내일 **도착할** 예정이에요 + en: We are scheduled to **arrive** tomorrow + - ko: 저는 학교에 **도착했어요** + en: I **arrived** at school + - ko: 저는 8월 15일에 **도착할 거예요** + en: I will **arrive** on August 15th + + - ko: 여행하다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Lesson8-21.mp3 + en: to travel + notes: | +

The noun form of this word ("여행") translates to "a trip"

+ examples: + - ko: 저는 6개월 동안 **여행했어요** + en: I **traveled** for 6 months + - ko: 저는 하루 동안 **여행했어요** + en: I **traveled** for 1 day + - ko: "**여행**했을 때 사진을 많이 찍었어요" + en: When I **traveled**, I took a lot of pictures + - ko: 그 **여행**은 길게 느껴졌어요 + en: That **trip** felt like a long time + - ko: 저는 한국 어디나 **여행하**고 싶어요 + en: I want to **travel** everywhere in Korea + - ko: "가장 **여행하**고 싶은 나라는 뭐에요?" + en: What country do you want to **travel** to the most? + - ko: "**여행할** 때 옷을 많이 챙길 필요가 없어요" + en: I don't need to pack a lot of clothes when I **travel** + + adjectives: + - ko: 완벽하다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-8-21.mp3 + en: to be perfect + notes: | +

The pronunciation of this word is closer to "완벼카다"

+

The noun form of this word "완벽" translates to "perfection"

+ examples: + - ko: 그녀는 **완벽한** 선생님이에요 + en: She is a **perfect** teacher + - ko: 그 단어로 **완벽한** 문장을 만들어 주세요 + en: Make a **perfect/complete** sentence using that word, please + - ko: 그것은 **완벽한** 식사였습니다 + en: That was a **perfect** meal + - ko: 저의 여자 친구가 **완벽해**서 저는 그녀를 사랑해요 + en: I love my girlfriend because she is **perfect** + + - ko: 아프다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Lesson8vocab-sick.mp3 + en: to be sick, to be sore + notes: | +

This is used to indicate that you are sick (with a cold or something similar), and to indicate that a part of your body is sore.

+ examples: + - ko: 어제 운동을 해서 오늘 저의 팔이 **아파요** + en: my arms are **sore** because I exercised yesterday + - ko: 제가 너무 **아파**서 많이 먹을 수 없어요 + en: I can't eat much because I am very **sick** + - ko: "**목**이 **아파요**" + en: I have a **sore** throat + - ko: 저의 몸이 너무 **아파**서 못 가요 + en: I can't go because my body is so **sore** + - ko: 저는 너무 많이 걸어서 지금 발이 **아파요** + en: My feet are **sore** because I walked so much + - ko: 할머니는 어제 **아파**서 입원했어요 + en: Grandma checked into the hospital yesterday because she was **sick** + + - ko: 똑똑하다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-8-22.mp3 + en: to be smart + examples: + - ko: 우리 학교에는 **똑똑한** 학생들이 많아요 + en: There are a lot of **smart** students at our school + - ko: 그 사람은 착하고 **똑똑해요** + en: That person is kind and **smart** + - ko: 여자들이 예뻐도 **똑똑하**지 않으면 매력이 없어요 + en: Regardless of how pretty girls are, if they are not **smart,** they have no charm + - ko: 선생님들은 학생들보다 더 **똑똑해요** + en: Teachers are **smarter** than students + - ko: 저는 **똑똑한** 여자들만 좋아해요 + en: I only like **smart** girls + - ko: 공부하지 않는 학생들은 **똑똑하지** 않아요 + en: Students who do not study are not **smart** + - ko: 저는 저의 남동생보다 훨씬 **똑똑해요** + en: I am way/much **smarter** than my brother + + - ko: 중요하다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-8-23.mp3 + en: to be important + examples: + - ko: 그 개념은 **중요하**지 않아요 + en: That concept is not **important** + - ko: 가족은 가장 **중요해요** + en: Family is the most **important** + - ko: "**학생들한테** 영어회화는 **중요하**지 않아요" + en: English conversation isn't **important** to Korean students + - ko: 학생들이 영어를 배우는 것은 **중요해요** + en: It is **important** for students to learn English + - ko: 이 문제는 시민보건에 아주 **중요한** 것 같아요 + en: That problem is probably very **important** to the health of the citizens + + - ko: 젊다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-8-24.mp3 + en: to be young + notes: The pronunciation of this word is closer to "점따" + examples: + - ko: 그녀는 다른 사람보다 **젊**어 보여요 + en: She looks **younger** than other people + + - ko: 늙다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-8-25.mp3 + en: to be old + notes: | +

The pronunciation of this word is closer to "늑따"

+

This is typically only used when somebody is actually old, not when somebody is comparatively older than somebody else.

+ examples: + - ko: "**늙**은 아주머니는 넘어졌어요" + en: The **old** lady fell over + + - ko: 나쁘다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Lesson8vocabbad.mp3 + en: to be bad + notes: 나쁘다 follows the ㅡ irregular + examples: + - ko: 그것은 건강에 **나빠요** + en: That is **bad** for your health + - ko: 그 사람의 상황은 **나빠요** + en: That person's situation is **not good** + - ko: 그 학생의 태도가 **나빠요** + en: That student's attitude is **bad** + - ko: 담배는 건강에 **나빠요** + en: Cigarettes are **bad** for your health (unhealthy) + - ko: 공기가 **나빠**서 저는 숨을 못 쉬어요 + en: I can't breathe because the air is **bad** + - ko: "**나쁜** 소식이 있어요" + en: There is some **bad** news + - ko: "그 **나쁜** 짓을 왜 했어요?" + en: Why did you do that (**bad** action)? + - ko: 친구는 **나쁜** 학교에 가고 있어요 + en: My friend is going to the **bad** school + + adverbs: + - ko: 바로 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-8-28.mp3 + en: immediately + notes: | +

바로 can be used to indicate that something happens immediately (in terms of time) or that something is "immediately" close to something (in terms of space).

+ examples: + - ko: 저는 **바로** 갔어요 + en: I left **immediately** + - ko: 우리는 집에 와서 **바로** 잤어요 + en: We came home and went to sleep **immediately** + - ko: 저는 책을 읽고 **바로** 잤어요 + en: I read the book and then slept **immediately** + - ko: 은행이 학교 **바로** 옆에 있어요 + en: The bank is **right (immediately)** next to the school + + - ko: 즉시 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-8-27.mp3 + en: immediately + notes: | +

The pronunciation of this word is closer to "즉씨"

+

즉시 can only be used to indicate that something happens immediately (in terms of time). It is less common than 바로.

+

This word appears in my Korean Sign Explanation Video 4.

+

+ examples: + - ko: 저는 그 무서운 것을 보고 **즉시** 뛰어갔어요 + en: I ran away **immediately** after I saw that scary thing + + - ko: 빨리 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Lesson8vocab-quickly.mp3 + en: quickly/fast + notes: This is the adverb form of "빠르다" + examples: + - ko: "**빨리** 가자!" + en: Let's go **quickly**! + - ko: "왜 너무 **빨리** 먹었어요?" + en: Why did you eat so **fast**? + - ko: 저는 너무 **빨리** 먹었어요 + en: I ate really **fast** + - ko: 열심히 공부한 후에 실력은 **빨리** 늘었어요 + en: After studying hard, my skills have been increasing **quickly** + - ko: 저는 어젯밤에 잠이 **빨리** 들었어요 + en: Last night I fell asleep **quickly** + - ko: 우리 엄마는 집에 와서 **빨리** 요리했습니다 + en: Our/my mom came home and **quickly** cooked + + - ko: 자주 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-8-29.mp3 + en: often + examples: + - ko: 저는 서울에 **자주** 가요 + en: I go to Seoul **often** + - ko: "한국어를 얼마나 **자주** 공부해요?" + en: How **often** do you study Korean? + - ko: 저의 할머니가 여기에 **자주** 안 오셔요 + en: My grandmother doesn't come here **often** + - ko: 저는 저의 친구를 **자주** 만나요 + en: I meet my friend **often** + - ko: "여자 친구를 얼마나 **자주** 만나요?" + en: How **often** do you meet your girlfriend? + - ko: 저는 **자주** 옷을 충동적으로 사요 + en: I **often** buy clothes impulsively + + - ko: 가끔 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-8-30.mp3 + en: sometimes + notes: | +

In English, we would never say "very sometimes," but in Korean "아주 가끔" is commonly used to stress that something happens "only sometimes."

+ examples: + - ko: 저는 서울에 **가끔** 가요 + en: I go to Seoul **sometimes** + - ko: 저는 **가끔** 너무 많이 먹어요 + en: I eat too much **sometimes** + + - ko: 많이 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-8-31.mp3 + en: many/a lot of + notes: | +

The pronunciation of this word is closer to "마니"

+

This is the adverb form of "많다"

+ examples: + - ko: 저는 저의 여자 친구에게 선물을 **많이** 줬어요 + en: I gave my girlfriend **a lot of** presents + - ko: 저는 밥을 **많이** 먹었어요 + en: I ate **a lot** **of** rice + - ko: 저는 야채를 **많이** 먹겠습니다 + en: I will eat **a lot** **of** vegetables + - ko: 우리는 이번 시간에 **많이** 배웠어 + en: We learned **a lot** this time + - ko: 저는 친구들로부터 사랑을 **많이** 받았어요 + en: I received **a lot of** love from friends + - ko: 저의 친구의 한국어 실력이 **많이** 늘었어요 + en: My friend's Korean (skills) **really** increased/got better + - ko: "돈을 얼마나 **많이** 가져갈 거예요?" + en: How **much** money will you bring? + + - ko: 방금 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Lesson8vocab-amoment.mp3 + en: a moment ago + examples: + - ko: 그는 **방금** 나갔어요 + en: He **just** left + - ko: 저는 **방금** 뭔가(를) 봤어요 + en: I just saw something **a minute ago** + - ko: "**방금** 들어온 사람은 우리 가게에 자주 오던 손님이야" + en: The person who **just** came in is a customer who comes to the store often + + - ko: 갑자기 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Lesson8vocab-suddenly.mp3 + en: suddenly + notes: The pronunciation of this word is closer to "갑짜기" + examples: + - ko: 그 사람은 **갑자기** 밖에 나갔어요 + en: That person **suddenly** went out + - ko: 맑던 하늘이 **갑자기** 어두워졌어요 + en: The sky that I recall being clear until now **suddenly** became dark + - ko: 날씨가 춥다가 **갑자기** 더워졌어요 + en: The weather was cold, and then **suddenly** became hot + - ko: 침실에서 자다가 **갑자기** 돌아가셨어요 + en: While sleeping in the bedroom, he **suddenly** passed away + - ko: 사람이 **갑자기** 많이 와서 저는 그냥 비켜섰어요 + en: "**All of a sudden** many people came, so I just stepped aside" + - ko: 그 사람의 얼굴이 기억 안 났지만 **갑자기** 제 꿈에 나타났어요 + en: I had forgotten that person's face, but it **suddenly** appeared to me in my dream + + - ko: 매년 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-8-35.mp3 + en: every year + examples: + - ko: 저는 **매년** 한국에 가요 + en: I go to Korea **every year** + - ko: "**매년** 여름, 이 지역에는 홍수가 나요" + en: A flood occurs **every** summer in this area + - ko: 그 대학교는 **매년** 교환학생 100명을 받아요 + en: That university receives 100 exchange students **every year** + - ko: "**매년** 말에 한 해를 마무리하는 행사가 많아요" + en: There are a lot of events that close out the year at the end of **every year** + - ko: 한국의 교통비는 **매년** 오르고 있어요 + en: Transportation fees (the fare for buses and subways) are going up **every year** in Korea + - ko: 건강검진을 받든지 안 받든지 **매년** 정부에 보험료를 내야 돼요 + en: It doesn't matter if you get a health check **every year** or not, you need to pay insurance fees to the government every year + + - ko: 다시 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-8-36.mp3 + en: again + examples: + - ko: 저는 시험을 **다시** 봐야 될 것 같아요 + en: I will probably have to write the exam **again** + - ko: 제가 어제 만난 사람은 저를 **다시** 만나고 싶어요 + en: The person I met yesterday wants to meet me **again** + - ko: 저는 밥을 벌써 먹어서 **다시** 안 먹어도 돼요 + en: I don't need to eat **again** because I already did + + - ko: 혼자 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Lesson8vocab-alone.mp3 + en: alone + notes: '"혼자서" is often used as well' + examples: + - ko: 저는 **혼자** 살아요 + en: I live **alone** + - ko: 저는 엄마가 밥을 왜 **혼자** 먹은지 몰라요 + en: I don't know why mom ate **by herself** (**alone**) + - ko: 우리 아들은 자기 일을 항상 **혼자** 하고 싶어요 + en: Our son always wants to do his work **alone** + - ko: 저는 운동을 **혼자** 할 수 있어요 + en: I can exercise **by myself** + + - ko: 안 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-1-28.mp3 + en: not + notes: | +

안 is placed before a verb or adjective to turn it into a negative word. The meaning is synonymous to ~지 않다.

+ examples: + - ko: 그 여자는 **안** 아름다워요 + en: That girl is **not** beautiful + - ko: 저는 마지막 것을 **안** 봤어요 + en: I **didn't** see the last thing + - ko: 아침식사를 **안** 먹었어요 + en: I **didn't** eat breakfast + - ko: 저는 술을 **안** 마시고 싶어요 + en: I **don't** want to drink alcohol + - ko: 방학 동안 집에 **안** 갔습니까? + en: You **didn't** go home during vacation? + - ko: 소금을 많이 먹는 것은 건강에 **안** 좋아요 + en: It is **not** healthy to eat a lot of salt +--- + # Lesson 8: Adverbs, Negative Sentences - - -- 저는 병원을 지었어요 = I built a hospital - - [When and Where](#when-and-where) -- 저는 병원에 갔어요 = I went to the/a hospital - - [When and Where](#when-and-where) - -- 저는 병원을 공원 옆에 지었어요 = I built a hospital beside the park - - [When and Where](#when-and-where) - -- 저는 화요일에 가겠어요 = I will go on Tuesday - - [When and Where](#when-and-where) -- 저는 저녁에 공부했어요 = I studied in the evening - - [When and Where](#when-and-where) -- 저는 가을에 공원 옆에 병원을 지었어요 = I built a hospital beside the park in the fall - - [When and Where](#when-and-where) - -- 여름에 저는 공부하겠어요 = I will study in the summer - - [When and Where](#when-and-where) - -- 저는 한국에 오늘 도착했어요 = I arrived in Korea today - - [When and Where](#when-and-where) -- 저는 도서관에 어제 갔어요 = I went to the library yesterday - - [When and Where](#when-and-where) -- 저는 내일 한국어를 공부하겠어요 = I will study Korean tomorrow. - - [When and Where](#when-and-where) - -- 저는 저의 친구를 자주 만나요 = I meet my friend often - - [To what degree](#to-what-degreehow-much) -- 저는 밥을 많이 먹었어요 = I ate a lot of food (rice) - - [To what degree](#to-what-degreehow-much) -- 저는 집에 바로 갔어요 = I went home immediately - - [To what degree](#to-what-degreehow-much) -- 저는 숙제를 빨리 했어요 = I did my homework quickly - - [To what degree](#to-what-degreehow-much) - -- 저는 많은 밥을 먹었어요 = I ate a lot of rice - - [To what degree](#to-what-degreehow-much) -- 저는 밥을 많이 먹었어요 = I ate a lot of rice. - - [To what degree](#to-what-degreehow-much) - -- 저는 조용하게 먹었어요 = I ate quietly - - [To what degree](#to-what-degreehow-much) -- 저는 거리를 안전하게 건넜어요 = I crossed the street safely - - [To what degree](#to-what-degreehow-much) -- 저는 행복하게 살았어요 = I lived happily - - [To what degree](#to-what-degreehow-much) - -- 저는 매우 빨리 달렸어요 = I ran really quickly - - [To what degree](#to-what-degreehow-much) -- 저는 빨리 먹었어요 = I ate fast - - [To what degree](#to-what-degreehow-much) -- 저는 바로 떠났어요 = I left immediately - - [To what degree](#to-what-degreehow-much) -- 저는 저의 친구를 목요일에 자주 만나요 = I often meet my friend on Thursday - - [To what degree](#to-what-degreehow-much) -- 저는 가끔 너무 많이 먹어요 = I eat too much sometimes - - [To what degree](#to-what-degreehow-much) - -- 그 여자는 안 예뻐요 = That girl isn’t pretty - - [Negative](#negative-sentences) -- 저는 생선을 안 좋아해요 = I don’t like fish - - [Negative](#negative-sentences) -- 저는 내일 학교에 안 가겠어요 = I’m not going to school tomorrow - - [Negative](#negative-sentences) - -- 그 여자는 예쁘지 않아요 = That girl isn’t pretty - - [Negative](#negative-sentences) -- 저는 생선을 좋아하지 않아요 = I don’t like fish - - [Negative](#negative-sentences) -- 저는 내일 학교에 가지 않겠어요 = I’m not going to school tomorrow - - [Negative](#negative-sentences) - -- 저는 공부를 안 했어요 = I didn’t study - - [Negative](#negative-sentences) -- 저는 실수를 안 했어요 = I didn’t make (do) a mistake - - [Negative](#negative-sentences) -- 저는 여행을 안 했어요 = I didn’t travel - - [Negative](#negative-sentences) - -- 저는 공부하지 않았어요 = I didn’t study - - [Negative](#negative-sentences) -- 저는 공부를 하지 않았어요 = I didn’t study - - [Negative](#negative-sentences) -- 저는 실수하지 않았어요 = I didn’t make a mistake - - [Negative](#negative-sentences) -- 저는 실수를 하지 않았어요 = I didn’t make a mistake - - [Negative](#negative-sentences) -- 저는 여행하지 않았어요 = I didn’t travel - - [Negative](#negative-sentences) -- 저는 여행을 하지 않았어요 = I didn’t travel - - [Negative](#negative-sentences) - -- 저는 안 행복해요 = I am not happy - - [Negative](#negative-sentences) -- 저는 행복하지 않아요 = I am not happy - - [Negative](#negative-sentences) - -- 저는 밥을 천천히 먹었어요 = I ate rice slowly - - [Negative](#negative-sentences) - -- I am not a teacher = 저는 선생님이 아니에요 - - [To not be](#to-not-be-아니다) -- I am not your friend = 나는 너의 친구가 아니야 - - [To not be](#to-not-be-아니다) -- I am not a university Student = 저는 대학생이 아니에요 - - [To not be](#to-not-be-아니다) - -- 저는 돈이 없어요 = I don’t have money - - [To not have](#to-not-have-없다) -- 저는 시간이 없어요 = I don’t have time - - [To not have](#to-not-have-없다) -- 우리는 차가 없어요 = We don’t have a car - - [To not have](#to-not-have-없다) - -- 저의 친구는 지금 한국에 없어요 = My friend is not in Korea now - - [To not have](#to-not-have-없다) -- 사람이 없었어요 = There was no people - - [To not have](#to-not-have-없다) - -- 저는 과일을 싫어해요 = I dislike fruit - - [To not like](#to-not-like-싫어하다-and-싫다) -- 저는 과일을 좋아해요 = I like fruit - - [To not like](#to-not-like-싫어하다-and-싫다) - -- 그 선생님은 좋다 = That teacher is good - - [To not like](#to-not-like-싫어하다-and-싫다) -- 이 학교는 좋다 = This school is good - - [To not like](#to-not-like-싫어하다-and-싫다) - -- 저는 과일이 싫어요 = I dislike fruit - - [To not like](#to-not-like-싫어하다-and-싫다) - - - ## Vocabulary + + ### Nouns 기계 = machine @@ -145,8 +707,8 @@ Examples: -- 그 **기계**는 너무 무거워요 = That **machine** is very heavy -- 회사는 **기계**를 대체했어 = The company replaced the **machine** +- ⁠그 **기계**는 너무 무거워요 = That **machine** is very heavy +- ⁠회사는 **기계**를 대체했어 = The company replaced the **machine** @@ -164,14 +726,14 @@ Common Usages: Examples: -- 저는 서울**대학교**를 다녀요 = I go to (attend) Seoul University -- 한국에서 **대학교**는 고등학교보다 덜 어려워요 = In Korea, **University** is not as hard as high school -- 어느 **대학교**를 다녀요? = Which **university** do you go to? -- 어느 **대학교**를 졸업했어요? = Which **university** did you graduate from? -- 저는 10년 전에 서울**대학교**를 졸업했어요 = I graduated from Seoul **University** 10 years ago -- **대학교**에 가고 싶다면 열심히 공부해야 해요 = If you want to go to **university**, you have to study hard -- 아들이 **대학교**를 졸업해서 우리는 축하를 해야 돼요 = Now that our son has graduated from **University**, we need to congratulate him -- 원래 대학교에 갈 계획이 있었지만 수능을 잘 못 봐서 대학교에 갈 수 없었어요 = I had plans to go to **university**, but I couldn’t get in because I did poorly on the SAT test +- ⁠저는 서울**대학교**를 다녀요 = I go to (attend) Seoul **University** +- ⁠한국에서 **대학교**는 고등학교보다 덜 어려워요 = In Korea, **University** is not as hard as high school +- ⁠어느 **대학교**를 다녀요? = Which **university** do you go to? +- ⁠어느 **대학교**를 졸업했어요? = Which **university** did you graduate from? +- ⁠저는 10년 전에 서울**대학교**를 졸업했어요 = I graduated from Seoul **University** 10 years ago +- ⁠**대학교**에 가고 싶다면 열심히 공부해야 해요 = If you want to go to **university**, you have to study hard +- ⁠아들이 **대학교**를 졸업해서 우리는 축하를 해야 돼요 = Now that our son has graduated from **University**, we need to congratulate him +- ⁠원래 대학교에 갈 계획이 있었지만 수능을 잘 못 봐서 대학교에 갈 수 없었어요 = I had plans to go to **university**, but I couldn’t get in because I did poorly on the SAT test @@ -185,7 +747,7 @@ Notes: Example: -- 그 고속도로에서 **트럭**을 운전해서는 안 돼요 = You must not drive a **truck** on that highway +- ⁠그 고속도로에서 **트럭**을 운전해서는 안 돼요 = You must not drive a **truck** on that highway @@ -193,7 +755,9 @@ Example:
-Notes: This is a combination of the adjective “검다” (black) and “색” (color). Put together, the word is a noun that means “the color black,” but is often placed before nouns to describe them (like an adjective) anyways. Therefore, you can often see this (and other words of color) used before a noun to describe it and also at the end of a sentence (attached to 이다). +Notes: + +This is a combination of the adjective “검다” (black) and “색” (color). Put together, the word is a noun that means “the color black,” but is often placed before nouns to describe them (like an adjective) anyways. Therefore, you can often see this (and other words of color) used before a noun to describe it and also at the end of a sentence (attached to 이다). When Korean people describe something by color in English, they will often say something like “I like the black-colored shirt.” This is the result of them directly translating “검은색 셔츠,” whereas in English we would just say “black shirt.” @@ -201,12 +765,12 @@ Examples: At the end of a sentence: -- 저의 차는 **검은색**이에요 = My car is black +- ⁠저의 차는 **검은색**이에요 = My car is **black** - _(Notice 이다 is used because 검은색 is a noun)_ Before a noun: -- 저는 **검은색** 차를 좋아해요 = I like **black** cars +- ⁠저는 **검은색** 차를 좋아해요 = I like **black** cars
@@ -220,8 +784,8 @@ Notes: Example: -- **흰색** 셔츠를 입은 여자가 예뻐요 = The girl wearing the **white** shirt is pretty -- **흰색** 구두를 신고 있다 = I am wearing **white** shoes/boots +- ⁠**흰색** 셔츠를 입은 여자가 예뻐요 = The girl wearing the **white** shirt is pretty +- ⁠**흰색** 구두를 신고 있다 = I am wearing **white** shoes/boots @@ -237,8 +801,8 @@ Notes: Example: -- **음료수**를 주문할래요? = Shall we order some **drinks**? -- 이 뷔페가격은 음료수를 포함해요 = This buffet price includes dinks +- ⁠**음료수**를 주문할래요? = Shall we order some **drinks**? +- ⁠이 뷔페가격은 음료수를 포함해요 = This buffet price includes **drinks** @@ -254,8 +818,8 @@ Common Usages: Examples: -- 저는 1년 동안 영어를 **외국**에서 공부했어요 = I studied English in a **foreign** **country** for 1 year -- 저는 2년 동안 **외국**에서 살았어요 = I lived in a foreign country for 2 years +- ⁠저는 1년 동안 영어를 **외국**에서 공부했어요 = I studied English in a **foreign** **country** for 1 year +- ⁠저는 2년 동안 **외국**에서 살았어요 = I lived in a **foreign** country for 2 years @@ -267,7 +831,7 @@ The pronunciation of this word is closer to “외구긴” Example: -- 의정부에서 **외국인**이 많아요 = There are a lot of **foreigners** in Uijeongbu +- ⁠의정부에서 **외국인**이 많아요 = There are a lot of **foreigners** in Uijeongbu @@ -284,12 +848,12 @@ Common Usages: Example: -- 저는 **고등학교**를 다니고 있어요 = I am attending a high school -- 우리 딸은 그 **고등학교**를 다녀요 = Our daughter attends that high school -- 한국에서 대학교는 **고등학교**보다 덜 어려워요 = In Korea, University is not as hard as high school -- 중학교 또는 **고등학교**를 다녀요? = Do you go to middle school or **high school**? -- **고등학교**는 한국에서 어려워요 = **High school** is difficult in Korea -- 그 선생님은 국립**고등학교**에서 일하셔요 = That teacher works at a public **(high) school** +- ⁠저는 **고등학교**를 다니고 있어요 = I am attending a **high school** +- ⁠우리 딸은 그 **고등학교**를 다녀요 = Our daughter attends that **high school** +- ⁠한국에서 대학교는 **고등학교**보다 덜 어려워요 = In Korea, University is not as hard as **high school** +- ⁠중학교 또는 **고등학교**를 다녀요? = Do you go to middle school or **high school**? +- ⁠**고등학교**는 한국에서 어려워요 = **High school** is difficult in Korea +- ⁠그 선생님은 국립**고등학교**에서 일하셔요 = That teacher works at a public **(high) school** @@ -299,9 +863,9 @@ Example: Examples: -- 저는 **도서관**에 어제 갔어요 = I went to the **library** yesterday -- **도서관**이 조용해서 거기서 공부하고 싶어요 = I want to study at the **library** because it is quiet -- 내일 **도서관**에 갈까? = Shall we go to the **library** tomorrow? +- ⁠저는 **도서관**에 어제 갔어요 = I went to the **library** yesterday +- ⁠**도서관**이 조용해서 거기서 공부하고 싶어요 = I want to study at the **library** because it is quiet +- ⁠내일 **도서관**에 갈까? = Shall we go to the **library** tomorrow? @@ -318,14 +882,12 @@ Common Usages: Example: -- 그**곳**에 사람이 없어요 = There are no people at that place -- 저는 제가 자주 가는 **곳**에 가고 있어요 = I am going to the **place** I often go to -- 여기가 내가 근무하던 **곳**이야 = This place (here) is the **place** that I worked -- 우리가 지난 번에 먹었던 **곳**에서 먹고 싶어요 = I want to eat at the **place** that we ate at last time -- 이**곳**에 근무하던 우체국 직원이 삶을 영원히 포기했어요 - - The worker/employee who used to work at this post-office gave up on his life forever -- 하지만 펭귄이 있는 **곳**은 동물원 입구에서 멀다고 하니 아빠와 나는 우선 다른 동물들을 먼저 봤다 - - But (because) the **place** the penguins are was said to be far from the zoo entrance, so Dad and I saw other animals first +- ⁠그**곳**에 사람이 없어요 = There are no people at that **place** +- ⁠저는 제가 자주 가는 **곳**에 가고 있어요 = I am going to the **place** I often go to +- ⁠여기가 내가 근무하던 **곳**이야 = This place (here) is the **place** that I worked +- ⁠우리가 지난 번에 먹었던 **곳**에서 먹고 싶어요 = I want to eat at the **place** that we ate at last time +- ⁠이**곳**에 근무하던 우체국 직원이 삶을 영원히 포기했어요 = The worker/employee who used to work at **this** post-office gave up on his life forever +- ⁠하지만 펭귄이 있는 **곳**은 동물원 입구에서 멀다고 하니 아빠와 나는 우선 다른 동물들을 먼저 봤다 = But (because) the **place** the penguins are was said to be far from the zoo entrance, so Dad and I saw other animals first @@ -335,16 +897,11 @@ Example: Examples: -- 모든 학생들은 **동시**에 교실에서 나왔어요 - - All the students came out of the classroom at the **same time** -- 대학교 때 **동시**에 여자 친구가 두 명 있었어요 - - I had two girlfriends at the **same time** during university -- 인터넷으로 **동시**에 수백 개의 물품을 사서는 안 돼요 - - You shouldn’t buy hundreds of items from the internet at the **same time** -- 이 프로그램이 10개의 나라에서 **동시**에 방송되고 있다 - - This program is being broadcasted in 10 countries **simultaneously** -- 사랑, 성공, 명예 모두를 **동시**에 성취하는 일은 쉽지 않아서 우선순위를 정하는 게 중요해요 - - It is not easy to achieve love, success and honor all at the **same time**, so it is important to prioritize them +- ⁠모든 학생들은 **동시**에 교실에서 나왔어요 = All the students came out of the classroom at the **same time** +- ⁠대학교 때 **동시**에 여자 친구가 두 명 있었어요 = I had two girlfriends at the **same time** during university +- ⁠인터넷으로 **동시**에 수백 개의 물품을 사서는 안 돼요 = You shouldn’t buy hundreds of items from the internet at the **same time** +- ⁠이 프로그램이 10개의 나라에서 **동시**에 방송되고 있다 = This program is being broadcasted in 10 countries **simultaneously** +- ⁠사랑, 성공, 명예 모두를 **동시**에 성취하는 일은 쉽지 않아서 우선순위를 정하는 게 중요해요 = It is not easy to achieve love, success and honor all at the **same time**, so it is important to prioritize them @@ -360,10 +917,10 @@ Common Usages: Examples: -- 오늘 **밤**에 뭐 할 거예요? = What are you doing to**night**? -- 저는 아침부터 **밤**까지 공부만 했어요 = From morning to **night**, I only studied -- 저는 **밤**에만 운동해요 = I exercise only at night -- 오늘 **밤**에 뭐 하고 싶어요? = What do you want to do **tonight**? +- ⁠오늘 **밤**에 뭐 할 거예요? = What are you doing to**night**? +- ⁠저는 아침부터 **밤**까지 공부만 했어요 = From morning to **night**, I only studied +- ⁠저는 **밤**에만 운동해요 = I exercise only at **night** +- ⁠오늘 **밤**에 뭐 하고 싶어요? = What do you want to do **tonight**? [This word appears in my Korean Sign Explanation Video 5.] @@ -381,9 +938,9 @@ Notes: When two nouns are combined together to make one noun, and the first noun Examples: -- 우리는 **어젯밤**에 밥을 많이 먹었어요 = We ate a lot last night -- 저는 **어젯밤**에 잘 잤어요 = I slept well last night -- 저는 **어젯밤**에 이상한 꿈을 꿨어요 = I had a strange dream **last night** +- ⁠우리는 **어젯밤**에 밥을 많이 먹었어요 = We ate a lot **last night** +- ⁠저는 **어젯밤**에 잘 잤어요 = I slept well **last night** +- ⁠저는 **어젯밤**에 이상한 꿈을 꿨어요 = I had a strange dream **last night** @@ -399,8 +956,8 @@ Common Usages: Example: -- 그 사람은 일을 안 하고 **낮**에 잠을 자기만 해요 = That person doesn’t work and just sleeps during the day -- 저는 커피를 **낮**에만 마셔요 = I drink coffee only during **the** **day** +- ⁠그 사람은 일을 안 하고 **낮**에 잠을 자기만 해요 = That person doesn’t work and just sleeps **during the day** +- ⁠저는 커피를 **낮**에만 마셔요 = I drink coffee only during **the day** [This word appears in my Korean Sign Explanation Video 5.] @@ -419,7 +976,7 @@ Common Usages: Example: -- 토론토는 **동양**시장이 많아요 = Toronto has a lot of **Eastern** (Oriental) markets +- ⁠토론토는 **동양**시장이 많아요 = Toronto has a lot of **Eastern** (Oriental) markets @@ -435,7 +992,7 @@ Common Usages: Example: -- 부산은 한국 **남**쪽에 있어요 = Busan is in the **south** of Korea +- ⁠부산은 한국 **남**쪽에 있어요 = Busan is in the **south** of Korea @@ -450,7 +1007,7 @@ Common Usages: Example: -- **서양사람들**은 동양사람들과 달라요 = **Western** people are different than Eastern people +- ⁠**서양사람들**은 동양사람들과 달라요 = **Western** people are different than Eastern people @@ -467,7 +1024,7 @@ Common Usages: Example: -- 의정부는 서울 **북**쪽에 있어요 = Uijeongbu is **north** of Seoul +- ⁠의정부는 서울 **북**쪽에 있어요 = Uijeongbu is **north** of Seoul @@ -491,9 +1048,9 @@ Although “playing” is usually reserved for kids in English, adults in Korean Example: -- 저는 어제 친구랑 **놀았어요** = I **played** with a friend yesterday -- 아이들은 나무 주위에서 **놀**고 있어요 = The children are **playing** around the tree -- 저는 보통 친구들과 시내에서 **놀아요** = I usually **play** **with** (**meet**) my friends downtown +- ⁠저는 어제 친구랑 **놀았어요** = I **played** with a friend yesterday +- ⁠아이들은 나무 주위에서 **놀**고 있어요 = The children are **playing** around the tree +- ⁠저는 보통 친구들과 시내에서 **놀아요** = I usually **play** **with** (**meet**) my friends downtown @@ -511,19 +1068,15 @@ Notes: 사용하다 is another common way to say “use” Example: -- 제가 이것을 **써**도 돼요? = May I **use** this? -- 한국 사람들은 밥을 먹을 때 **젓가락**을 써요 = Korean people **use** chopsticks when they eat -- 가뭄 때문에 물을 아껴 **써야** 돼요 = We need to **save**/conserve water because of the drought -- 요즘에는 사람들이 수표를 안 **써요** = These days, people don’t **use** cheques -- 그 쿠폰을 VIPS에서도 **쓸** 수 있어요? = Can you **use** that coupon at VIPS too? -- 저 컴퓨터가 고장이 나서 다른 컴퓨터를 **써야** 됩니다 - - You have to **use** another computer because that one is broken -- 중국 사람들은 소금을 뿌리는 것 대신에 음식에 간장을 써요 - - Instead of using salt, Chinese people **put/use** soy sauce on their food -- 우리가 벌써 6월에 **쓸** 수 있는 인터넷 용량 제한을 넘었어요 - - We already went over the data/space limit (data cap) that we can **use** for June -- 친구들끼리는 반말을 쓰고, 어른들과 대화를 할 때는 존댓말을 써요 - - Use informal/casual speech among friends, and when conversing with adults, **use** formal speech +- ⁠제가 이것을 **써**도 돼요? = May I **use** this? +- ⁠한국 사람들은 밥을 먹을 때 **젓가락**을 써요 = Korean people **use** chopsticks when they eat +- ⁠가뭄 때문에 물을 아껴 **써야** 돼요 = We need to **save**/conserve water because of the drought +- ⁠요즘에는 사람들이 수표를 안 **써요** = These days, people don’t **use** cheques +- ⁠그 쿠폰을 VIPS에서도 **쓸** 수 있어요? = Can you **use** that coupon at VIPS too? +- ⁠저 컴퓨터가 고장이 나서 다른 컴퓨터를 **써야** 됩니다 = You have to **use** another computer because that one is broken +- ⁠중국 사람들은 소금을 뿌리는 것 대신에 음식에 간장을 **써요** = Instead of using salt, Chinese people **put/use** soy sauce on their food +- ⁠우리가 벌써 6월에 **쓸** 수 있는 인터넷 용량 제한을 넘었어요 = We already went over the data/space limit (data cap) that we can **use** for June +- ⁠친구들끼리는 반말을 쓰고, 어른들과 대화를 할 때는 존댓말을 **써요** = Use informal/casual speech among friends, and when conversing with adults, **use** formal speech @@ -538,11 +1091,11 @@ Common Usages: Example: -- 저는 저의 여자 친구를 위해 편지를 **썼어요** = I **wrote** a letter for my girlfriend -- 저는 부장님을 위해서 이것을 **썼어요** = I **wrote** this for my boss -- 저는 여자친구를 위해 편지를 **쓰**고 싶어요 = I want to **write** a letter for my girlfriend -- 저는 펜으로 **쓰**고 싶어요 = I want to **write** with a pen -- 그는 손등에 뭔가를 **썼어요** = He **wrote** something on the back of his hand +- ⁠저는 저의 여자 친구를 위해 편지를 **썼어요** = I **wrote** a letter for my girlfriend +- ⁠저는 부장님을 위해서 이것을 **썼어요** = I **wrote** this for my boss +- ⁠저는 여자친구를 위해 편지를 **쓰**고 싶어요 = I want to **write** a letter for my girlfriend +- ⁠저는 펜으로 **쓰**고 싶어요 = I want to **write** with a pen +- ⁠그는 손등에 뭔가를 **썼어요** = He **wrote** something on the back of his hand @@ -560,8 +1113,8 @@ Notes: Example: -- 범죄자는 그의 **실수**를 인정했어요 = The criminal acknowledged his mistakes -- 제 행동은 **실수**인 것을 깨달았어요 = I realized that my actions (what I did) is/was a **mistake** +- ⁠범죄자는 그의 **실수**를 인정했어요 = The criminal acknowledged his **mistakes** +- ⁠제 행동은 **실수**인 것을 깨달았어요 = I realized that my actions (what I did) is/was a **mistake** @@ -571,9 +1124,9 @@ Example: Examples: -- 그는 고장 난 컴퓨터를 **수리했어요** = He **repaired** the broken computer -- 복사기를 **수리해야** 되었어요 = We had to **repair** the photocopier -- 집주인이 물이 흘러나올까 봐 지붕을 **수리했어요** = The landlord was worried that water would flow in, so he **fixed** **up** (**repaired**) the roof +- ⁠그는 고장 난 컴퓨터를 **수리했어요** = He **repaired** the broken computer +- ⁠복사기를 **수리해야** 되었어요 = We had to **repair** the photocopier +- ⁠집주인이 물이 흘러나올까 봐 지붕을 **수리했어요** = The landlord was worried that water would flow in, so he **fixed up** (**repaired**) the roof @@ -591,8 +1144,8 @@ Common Usages: Example: -- 저는 공을 **잡았어요** = I **caught** the ball -- 그는 직업을 바꿀 수 있는 기회를 **잡았어요** = He **seized** the opportunity to change jobs +- ⁠저는 공을 **잡았어요** = I **caught** the ball +- ⁠그는 직업을 바꿀 수 있는 기회를 **잡았어요** = He **seized** the opportunity to change jobs @@ -608,10 +1161,10 @@ Common Usages: Examples: -- 저는 이제 더 **읽**기 싫어요 = I don’t want to **read** anymore -- 저는 그 책을 **읽**고 싶어요 = I want to **read** that book -- 저는 1년에 책 열 권을 **읽**을 수 있어요 = I can **read** ten books in one year -- 어떤 소설을 **읽**고 있어요? = Which novel are you **reading**? +- ⁠저는 이제 더 **읽**기 싫어요 = I don’t want to **read** anymore +- ⁠저는 그 책을 **읽**고 싶어요 = I want to **read** that book +- ⁠저는 1년에 책 열 권을 **읽**을 수 있어요 = I can **read** ten books in one year +- ⁠어떤 소설을 **읽**고 있어요? = Which novel are you **reading**? @@ -627,9 +1180,9 @@ Notes: 내다 can have many other meanings. See [Lesson 14](https://www.howtostu Examples: -- 이번에 제가 **낼 거예요** = I will **pay** this time -- 아빠가 돈을 이미 **낸** 것 같아요 = It seems like dad already paid -- 우리가 청구서를 늦게라도 낼 거예요 = We are going to **pay** the bill, even if it is a little late +- ⁠이번에 제가 **낼 거예요** = I will **pay** this time +- ⁠아빠가 돈을 이미 **낸** 것 같아요 = It seems like dad already **paid** +- ⁠우리가 청구서를 늦게라도 낼 거예요 = We are going to **pay** the bill, even if it is a little late @@ -648,13 +1201,13 @@ See [Lesson 14](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-9-16/lesso Examples: -- 제가 보낸 돈을 **받았어요**? = Did you **get** the money that I sent? -- 저는 **돈**을 받았어요 = I **received** money -- 저는 저의 여자친구에게서 편지를 **받았어요** = I **received** a letter from my girlfriend -- 그 문제에 관해 연수를 **받았어요** = We/I **received** training about that problem -- 저는 당신의 말에 감동 **받았어요** = I was impressed with what you said -- 저는 그 사람이 저에게 줄 선물을 **받**고 싶지 않아요 = I don’t want to **accept** the gift that that person will give me -- 만약 제가 선생님이라면 학생들에게 존경을 **받**고 싶을 거예요 = If I were a teacher, I would want to be respected by students +- ⁠제가 보낸 돈을 **받았어요**? = Did you **get** the money that I sent? +- ⁠저는 **돈**을 받았어요 = I **received** money +- ⁠저는 저의 여자친구에게서 편지를 **받았어요** = I **received** a letter from my girlfriend +- ⁠그 문제에 관해 연수를 **받았어요** = We/I **received** training about that problem +- ⁠저는 당신의 말에 감동 **받았어요** = I was **impressed** with what you said +- ⁠저는 그 사람이 저에게 줄 선물을 **받**고 싶지 않아요 = I don’t want to **accept** the gift that that person will give me +- ⁠만약 제가 선생님이라면 학생들에게 존경을 **받**고 싶을 거예요 = If I were a teacher, I would want to be **respected** by students @@ -666,10 +1219,10 @@ The pronunciation of this word is closer to “도차카다” Example: -- 우리가 목적지에 거의 **도착했어요** = We have almost **arrived** at our destination -- 우리가 내일 **도착할** 예정이에요 = We are scheduled to **arrive** tomorrow -- 저는 학교에 **도착했어요** = I **arrived** at school -- 저는 8월 15일에 **도착할** **거예요** = I will **arrive** on August 15th +- ⁠우리가 목적지에 거의 **도착했어요** = We have almost **arrived** at our destination +- ⁠우리가 내일 **도착할** 예정이에요 = We are scheduled to **arrive** tomorrow +- ⁠저는 학교에 **도착했어요** = I **arrived** at school +- ⁠저는 8월 15일에 **도착할 거예요** = I will **arrive** on August 15th @@ -686,13 +1239,13 @@ Common Usages: Examples: -- 저는 6개월 동안 **여행했어요** = I **traveled** for 6 months -- 저는 하루 동안 **여행했어요** = I **traveled** for 1 day -- **여행**했을 때 사진을 많이 찍었어요 = When I **traveled**, I took a lot of pictures -- 그 **여행**은 길게 느껴졌어요 = That **trip** felt like a long time -- 저는 한국 어디나 **여행하**고 싶어요 = I want to **travel** everywhere in Korea -- 가장 **여행하**고 싶은 나라는 뭐에요? = What country do you want to **travel** to the most? -- **여행할** 때 옷을 많이 챙길 필요가 없어요 = I don’t need to pack a lot of clothes when I **travel** +- ⁠저는 6개월 동안 **여행했어요** = I **traveled** for 6 months +- ⁠저는 하루 동안 **여행했어요** = I **traveled** for 1 day +- ⁠**여행**했을 때 사진을 많이 찍었어요 = When I **traveled**, I took a lot of pictures +- ⁠그 **여행**은 길게 느껴졌어요 = That **trip** felt like a long time +- ⁠저는 한국 어디나 **여행하**고 싶어요 = I want to **travel** everywhere in Korea +- ⁠가장 **여행하**고 싶은 나라는 뭐에요? = What country do you want to **travel** to the most? +- ⁠**여행할** 때 옷을 많이 챙길 필요가 없어요 = I don’t need to pack a lot of clothes when I **travel** @@ -712,10 +1265,10 @@ Common Usages Example: -- 그녀는 **완벽한** 선생님이에요 = She is a **perfect** teacher -- 그 단어로 **완벽한** 문장을 만들어 주세요 = Make a **perfect/complete** sentence using that word, please -- 그것은 **완벽한** 식사였습니다 = That was a **perfect** meal -- 저의 여자 친구가 **완벽해**서 저는 그녀를 사랑해요 = I love my girlfriend because she is **perfect** +- ⁠그녀는 **완벽한** 선생님이에요 = She is a **perfect** teacher +- ⁠그 단어로 **완벽한** 문장을 만들어 주세요 = Make a **perfect/complete** sentence using that word, please +- ⁠그것은 **완벽한** 식사였습니다 = That was a **perfect** meal +- ⁠저의 여자 친구가 **완벽해**서 저는 그녀를 사랑해요 = I love my girlfriend because she is **perfect** @@ -734,12 +1287,12 @@ Notes: Examples: -- 어제 운동을 해서 오늘 저의 팔이 **아파요** = my arms are **sore** because I exercised yesterday -- 제가 너무 **아파**서 많이 먹을 수 없어요 = I can’t eat much because I am very **sick** -- 목이 **아파요** = I have a **sore** throat -- 저의 몸이 너무 **아파**서 못 가요 = I can’t go because my body is so sore -- 저는 너무 많이 걸어서 지금 발이 **아파요** = My feet are **sore** because I walked so much -- 할머니는 어제 **아파**서 입원했어요 = Grandma checked into the hospital yesterday because she was **sick** +- ⁠어제 운동을 해서 오늘 저의 팔이 **아파요** = my arms are **sore** because I exercised yesterday +- ⁠제가 너무 **아파**서 많이 먹을 수 없어요 = I can’t eat much because I am very **sick** +- ⁠목이 **아파요** = I have a **sore** throat +- ⁠저의 몸이 너무 **아파**서 못 가요 = I can’t go because my body is so **sore** +- ⁠저는 너무 많이 걸어서 지금 발이 **아파요** = My feet are **sore** because I walked so much +- ⁠할머니는 어제 **아파**서 입원했어요 = Grandma checked into the hospital yesterday because she was **sick** @@ -753,13 +1306,13 @@ Common Usages: Examples: -- 우리 학교에는 **똑똑한** 학생들이 많아요 = There are a lot of **smart** students at our school -- 그 사람은 착하고 **똑똑해요** = That person is kind and **smart** -- 여자들이 예뻐도 **똑똑하**지 않으면 매력이 없어요 = Regardless of how pretty girls are, if they are not **smart,** they have no charm -- 선생님들은 학생들보다 더 **똑똑해요** = Teachers are **smarter** than students -- 저는 **똑똑한** 여자들만 좋아해요 = I only like **smart** girls -- 공부하지 않는 학생들은 **똑똑하지** 않아요 = Students who do not study are not smart -- 저는 저의 남동생보다 훨씬 **똑똑해요** = I am way/much **smarter** than my brother +- ⁠우리 학교에는 **똑똑한** 학생들이 많아요 = There are a lot of **smart** students at our school +- ⁠그 사람은 착하고 **똑똑해요** = That person is kind and **smart** +- ⁠여자들이 예뻐도 **똑똑하**지 않으면 매력이 없어요 = Regardless of how pretty girls are, if they are not **smart,** they have no charm +- ⁠선생님들은 학생들보다 더 **똑똑해요** = Teachers are **smarter** than students +- ⁠저는 **똑똑한** 여자들만 좋아해요 = I only like **smart** girls +- ⁠공부하지 않는 학생들은 **똑똑하지** 않아요 = Students who do not study are not **smart** +- ⁠저는 저의 남동생보다 훨씬 **똑똑해요** = I am way/much **smarter** than my brother @@ -773,11 +1326,11 @@ Common Usages: Examples: -- 그 개념은 **중요하**지 않아요 = That concept is not **important** -- 가족은 가장 **중요해요** = Family is the most **important** -- **학생들한테** 영어회화는 **중요하**지 않아요 = English conversation isn’t **important** to Korean students -- 학생들이 영어를 배우는 것은 **중요해요** = It is **important** for students to learn English -- 이 문제는 시민보건에 아주 **중요한** 것 같아요 = That problem is probably very **important** to the health of the citizens +- ⁠그 개념은 **중요하**지 않아요 = That concept is not **important** +- ⁠가족은 가장 **중요해요** = Family is the most **important** +- ⁠**학생들한테** 영어회화는 **중요하**지 않아요 = English conversation isn’t **important** to Korean students +- ⁠학생들이 영어를 배우는 것은 **중요해요** = It is **important** for students to learn English +- ⁠이 문제는 시민보건에 아주 **중요한** 것 같아요 = That problem is probably very **important** to the health of the citizens @@ -789,7 +1342,7 @@ The pronunciation of this word is closer to “점따” Example: -- 그녀는 다른 사람보다 젊어 보여요 = She looks younger than other people +- ⁠그녀는 다른 사람보다 **젊**어 보여요 = She looks **younger** than other people @@ -805,7 +1358,7 @@ Notes: Example: -- 늙은 아주머니는 넘어졌어요 = The old lady fell over +- ⁠**늙**은 아주머니는 넘어졌어요 = The **old** lady fell over @@ -822,14 +1375,14 @@ Common Usages: Example: -- 그것은 건강에 **나빠요** = That is **bad** for your health -- 그 사람의 상황은 **나빠요** = That person’s situation is not good -- 그 학생의 태도가 **나빠요** = That student’s attitude is bad -- 담배는 건강에 **나빠요** = Cigarettes are **bad** for your health (unhealthy) -- 공기가 **나빠**서 저는 숨을 못 쉬어요 = I can’t breathe because the air is **bad** -- **나쁜** 소식이 있어요 = There is some **bad** news -- 그 **나쁜** 짓을 왜 했어요? = Why did you do that (**bad** action)? -- 친구는 **나쁜** 학교에 가고 있어요 = My friend is going to the **bad** school +- ⁠그것은 건강에 **나빠요** = That is **bad** for your health +- ⁠그 사람의 상황은 **나빠요** = That person’s situation is **not good** +- ⁠그 학생의 태도가 **나빠요** = That student’s attitude is **bad** +- ⁠담배는 건강에 **나빠요** = Cigarettes are **bad** for your health (unhealthy) +- ⁠공기가 **나빠**서 저는 숨을 못 쉬어요 = I can’t breathe because the air is **bad** +- ⁠**나쁜** 소식이 있어요 = There is some **bad** news +- ⁠그 **나쁜** 짓을 왜 했어요? = Why did you do that (**bad** action)? +- ⁠친구는 **나쁜** 학교에 가고 있어요 = My friend is going to the **bad** school @@ -847,13 +1400,13 @@ Examples: _Time_: -- 저는 **바로** 갔어요 = I left immediately -- 우리는 집에 와서 **바로** 잤어요 = We came home and went to sleep immediately -- 저는 책을 읽고 **바로** 잤어요 = I read the book and then slept **immediately** +- ⁠저는 **바로** 갔어요 = I left **immediately** +- ⁠우리는 집에 와서 **바로** 잤어요 = We came home and went to sleep **immediately** +- ⁠저는 책을 읽고 **바로** 잤어요 = I read the book and then slept **immediately** _Space_: -- 은행이 학교 바로 옆에 있어요 = The bank is right (immediately) next to the school +- ⁠은행이 학교 **바로** 옆에 있어요 = The bank is **right (immediately)** next to the school @@ -869,7 +1422,7 @@ Notes: Example: -- 저는 그 무서운 것을 보고 **즉시** 뛰어갔어요 = I ran away **immediately** after I saw that scary thing +- ⁠저는 그 무서운 것을 보고 **즉시** 뛰어갔어요 = I ran away **immediately** after I saw that scary thing [This word appears in my Korean Sign Explanation Video 4.] @@ -885,12 +1438,12 @@ Notes: This is the adverb form of “빠르다” Examples: -- **빨리** 가자! = Let’s go **quickly**! -- 왜 너무 **빨리** 먹었어요? = Why did you eat so **fast**? -- 저는 너무 **빨리** 먹었어요 = I ate really fast -- 열심히 공부한 후에 실력은 **빨리** 늘었어요 = After studying hard, my skills have been increasing quickly -- 저는 어젯밤에 잠이 **빨리** 들었어요 = Last night I fell asleep quickly -- 우리 엄마는 집에 와서 **빨리** 요리했습니다 = Our/my mom came home and **quickly** cooked +- ⁠**빨리** 가자! = Let’s go **quickly**! +- ⁠왜 너무 **빨리** 먹었어요? = Why did you eat so **fast**? +- ⁠저는 너무 **빨리** 먹었어요 = I ate really **fast** +- ⁠열심히 공부한 후에 실력은 **빨리** 늘었어요 = After studying hard, my skills have been increasing **quickly** +- ⁠저는 어젯밤에 잠이 **빨리** 들었어요 = Last night I fell asleep **quickly** +- ⁠우리 엄마는 집에 와서 **빨리** 요리했습니다 = Our/my mom came home and **quickly** cooked @@ -900,12 +1453,12 @@ Examples: Examples: -- 저는 서울에 **자주** 가요 = I go to Seoul often -- 한국어를 얼마나 **자주** 공부해요? = How **often** do you study Korean? -- 저의 할머니가 여기에 **자주** 안 오셔요 = My grandmother doesn’t come here often -- 저는 저의 친구를 **자주** 만나요 = I meet my friend often -- 여자 친구를 얼마나 **자주** 만나요? = How **often** do you meet your girlfriend? -- 저는 **자주** 옷을 충동적으로 사요 = I **often** buy clothes impulsively +- ⁠저는 서울에 **자주** 가요 = I go to Seoul **often** +- ⁠한국어를 얼마나 **자주** 공부해요? = How **often** do you study Korean? +- ⁠저의 할머니가 여기에 **자주** 안 오셔요 = My grandmother doesn’t come here **often** +- ⁠저는 저의 친구를 **자주** 만나요 = I meet my friend **often** +- ⁠여자 친구를 얼마나 **자주** 만나요? = How **often** do you meet your girlfriend? +- ⁠저는 **자주** 옷을 충동적으로 사요 = I **often** buy clothes impulsively @@ -919,8 +1472,8 @@ Notes: Example: -- 저는 서울에 **가끔** 가요 = I go to Seoul sometimes -- 저는 **가끔** 너무 많이 먹어요 = I eat too much **sometimes** +- ⁠저는 서울에 **가끔** 가요 = I go to Seoul **sometimes** +- ⁠저는 **가끔** 너무 많이 먹어요 = I eat too much **sometimes** @@ -936,13 +1489,13 @@ Notes: Examples: -- 저는 저의 여자 친구에게 선물을 **많이** 줬어요 = I gave my girlfriend **a lot of** presents -- 저는 밥을 **많이** 먹었어요 = I ate **a lot** **of** rice -- 저는 야채를 **많이** 먹겠습니다 = I will eat **a lot** **of** vegetables -- 우리는 이번 시간에 **많이** 배웠어 = We learned **a lot** this time -- 저는 친구들로부터 사랑을 **많이** 받았어요 = I received **a lot of** love from friends -- 저의 친구의 한국어 실력이 **많이** 늘었어요 = My friend’s Korean (skills) **really** increased/got better -- 돈을 얼마나 **많이** 가져갈 거예요? = How **much** money will you bring? +- ⁠저는 저의 여자 친구에게 선물을 **많이** 줬어요 = I gave my girlfriend **a lot of** presents +- ⁠저는 밥을 **많이** 먹었어요 = I ate **a lot** **of** rice +- ⁠저는 야채를 **많이** 먹겠습니다 = I will eat **a lot** **of** vegetables +- ⁠우리는 이번 시간에 **많이** 배웠어 = We learned **a lot** this time +- ⁠저는 친구들로부터 사랑을 **많이** 받았어요 = I received **a lot of** love from friends +- ⁠저의 친구의 한국어 실력이 **많이** 늘었어요 = My friend’s Korean (skills) **really** increased/got better +- ⁠돈을 얼마나 **많이** 가져갈 거예요? = How **much** money will you bring? @@ -952,9 +1505,9 @@ Examples: Examples: -- 그는 **방금** 나갔어요 = He **just** left -- 저는 **방금** 뭔가(를) 봤어요 = I just saw something **a minute ago** -- **방금** 들어온 사람은 우리 가게에 자주 오던 손님이야 = The person who **just** came in is a customer who comes to the store often +- ⁠그는 **방금** 나갔어요 = He **just** left +- ⁠저는 **방금** 뭔가(를) 봤어요 = I just saw something **a minute ago** +- ⁠**방금** 들어온 사람은 우리 가게에 자주 오던 손님이야 = The person who **just** came in is a customer who comes to the store often @@ -966,14 +1519,12 @@ The pronunciation of this word is closer to “갑짜기” Examples: -- 그 사람은 **갑자기** 밖에 나갔어요 = That person **suddenly** went out -- 맑던 하늘이 **갑자기** 어두워졌어요 = The sky that I recall being clear until now **suddenly** became dark -- 날씨가 춥다가 **갑자기** 더워졌어요 = The weather was cold, and then **suddenly** became hot -- 침실에서 자다가 **갑자기** 돌아가셨어요 = While sleeping in the bedroom, he **suddenly** passed away -- 사람이 **갑자기** 많이 와서 저는 그냥 비켜섰어요 - - **All of a sudden** many people came, so I just stepped aside -- 그 사람의 얼굴이 기억 안 났지만 **갑자기** 제 꿈에 나타났어요 - - I had forgotten that person’s face, but it **suddenly** appeared to me in my dream +- ⁠그 사람은 **갑자기** 밖에 나갔어요 = That person **suddenly** went out +- ⁠맑던 하늘이 **갑자기** 어두워졌어요 = The sky that I recall being clear until now **suddenly** became dark +- ⁠날씨가 춥다가 **갑자기** 더워졌어요 = The weather was cold, and then **suddenly** became hot +- ⁠침실에서 자다가 **갑자기** 돌아가셨어요 = While sleeping in the bedroom, he **suddenly** passed away +- ⁠사람이 **갑자기** 많이 와서 저는 그냥 비켜섰어요 = **All of a sudden** many people came, so I just stepped aside +- ⁠그 사람의 얼굴이 기억 안 났지만 **갑자기** 제 꿈에 나타났어요 = I had forgotten that person’s face, but it **suddenly** appeared to me in my dream @@ -983,16 +1534,12 @@ Examples: Examples: -- 저는 **매년** 한국에 가요 = I go to Korea every year -- **매년** 여름, 이 지역에는 홍수가 나요 = A flood occurs **every** summer in this area -- 그 대학교는 **매년** 교환학생 100명을 받아요 - - That university receives 100 exchange students **every year** -- **매년** 말에 한 해를 마무리하는 행사가 많아요 - - There are a lot of events that close out the year at the end of **every year** -- 한국의 교통비는 **매년** 오르고 있어요 - - Transportation fees (the fare for buses and subways) are going up **every year** in Korea -- 건강검진을 받든지 안 받든지 **매년** 정부에 보험료를 내야 돼요 - - It doesn’t matter if you get a health check **every year** or not, you need to pay insurance fees to the government every year +- ⁠저는 **매년** 한국에 가요 = I go to Korea **every year** +- ⁠**매년** 여름, 이 지역에는 홍수가 나요 = A flood occurs **every** summer in this area +- ⁠그 대학교는 **매년** 교환학생 100명을 받아요 = That university receives 100 exchange students **every year** +- ⁠**매년** 말에 한 해를 마무리하는 행사가 많아요 = There are a lot of events that close out the year at the end of **every year** +- ⁠한국의 교통비는 **매년** 오르고 있어요 = Transportation fees (the fare for buses and subways) are going up **every year** in Korea +- ⁠건강검진을 받든지 안 받든지 **매년** 정부에 보험료를 내야 돼요 = It doesn’t matter if you get a health check **every year** or not, you need to pay insurance fees to the government every year @@ -1006,9 +1553,9 @@ Common Usages: Example: -- 저는 시험을 **다시** 봐야 될 것 같아요 = I will probably have to write the exam again -- 제가 어제 만난 사람은 저를 **다시** 만나고 싶어요 = The person I met yesterday wants to meet me again -- 저는 밥을 벌써 먹어서 **다시** 안 먹어도 돼요 = I don’t need to eat **again** because I already did +- ⁠저는 시험을 **다시** 봐야 될 것 같아요 = I will probably have to write the exam **again** +- ⁠제가 어제 만난 사람은 저를 **다시** 만나고 싶어요 = The person I met yesterday wants to meet me **again** +- ⁠저는 밥을 벌써 먹어서 **다시** 안 먹어도 돼요 = I don’t need to eat **again** because I already did @@ -1022,10 +1569,10 @@ Notes: Example: -- 저는 **혼자** 살아요 = I live alone -- 저는 엄마가 밥을 왜 **혼자** 먹은지 몰라요 = I don’t know why mom ate **by** **herself** (alone) -- 우리 아들은 자기 일을 항상 **혼자** 하고 싶어요 = Our son always wants to do his work alone -- 저는 운동을 **혼자** 할 수 있어요 = I can exercise **by** **myself** +- ⁠저는 **혼자** 살아요 = I live **alone** +- ⁠저는 엄마가 밥을 왜 **혼자** 먹은지 몰라요 = I don’t know why mom ate **by** **herself** (**alone**) +- ⁠우리 아들은 자기 일을 항상 **혼자** 하고 싶어요 = Our son always wants to do his work **alone** +- ⁠저는 운동을 **혼자** 할 수 있어요 = I can exercise **by myself** @@ -1039,12 +1586,12 @@ Notes Examples -- 그 여자는 **안** 아름다워요 = That girl is **not** beautiful -- 저는 마지막 것을 **안** 봤어요 = I **didn’t** see the last thing -- 아침식사를 **안** 먹었어요 = I **didn’t** eat breakfast -- 저는 술을 **안** 마시고 싶어요 = I **don’t** want to drink alcohol -- 방학 동안 집에 **안** 갔습니까? = You **didn’t** go home during vacation? -- 소금을 많이 먹는 것은 건강에 **안** 좋아요 = It is **not** healthy to eat a lot of salt +- ⁠그 여자는 **안** 아름다워요 = That girl is **not** beautiful +- ⁠저는 마지막 것을 **안** 봤어요 = I **didn’t** see the last thing +- ⁠아침식사를 **안** 먹었어요 = I **didn’t** eat breakfast +- ⁠저는 술을 **안** 마시고 싶어요 = I **don’t** want to drink alcohol +- ⁠방학 동안 집에 **안** 갔습니까? = You **didn’t** go home during vacation? +- ⁠소금을 많이 먹는 것은 건강에 **안** 좋아요 = It is **not** healthy to eat a lot of salt