diff --git a/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/11-time.md b/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/11-time.md index 3442651..9224f1b 100644 --- a/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/11-time.md +++ b/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/11-time.md @@ -1,7 +1,507 @@ +--- +vocabulary: + months: + - audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/1Jan.mp3 + ko: 일월 + en: January + + - audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/2Feb.mp3 + ko: 이월 + en: February + + - audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/3Mar.mp3 + ko: 삼월 + en: March + + - audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/4Apr.mp3 + ko: 사월 + en: April + + - audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/5May.mp3 + ko: 오월 + en: May + + - audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/6June.mp3 + ko: 유월 + en: June + notes: June (6월/유월) and October (10월/시월) should actually be 육월 and 십월 but, written like that, they are difficult to pronounce. Because of this, their correct pronunciations are 유월 and 시월 NOT 육월 and 십월. + + - audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/7July.mp3 + ko: 칠월 + en: July + + - audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/8Aug.mp3 + ko: 팔월 + en: August + + - audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/9Sep.mp3 + ko: 구월 + en: September + + - audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/10Oct.mp3 + ko: 시월 + en: October + notes: June (6월/유월) and October (10월/시월) should actually be 육월 and 십월 but, written like that, they are difficult to pronounce. Because of this, their correct pronunciations are 유월 and 시월 NOT 육월 and 십월. + + - audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/11Nov.mp3 + ko: 십일월 + en: November + + - audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/12Dec.mp3 + ko: 십이월 + en: December + + nouns: + - ko: 기회 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson11v1.mp3 + en: chance/opportunity + examples: + - ko: 이것은 저의 마지막 **기회예요** + en: This is my last **chance** + - ko: 저는 의견을 말할 **기회**가 아직 없어요 + en: I still haven't had a **chance** to say my opinion + - ko: 그는 직업을 바꿀 수 있는 **기회**를 잡았어요 + en: He seized the **opportunity** to change jobs + + - ko: 계획 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson11v2.mp3 + en: plans + examples: + - ko: 저는 내일 **계획**이 있어요 + en: I have **plans** tomorrow + - ko: 서울에 갈 **계획**이 있어요 + en: I have **plans** to go to Seoul + - ko: 제가 친구를 만날 **계획**이 있었지만 친구는 안 왔어요 + en: I had **plans** to meet my friend, but he didn't come + - ko: 우리가 지난 번에 **계획**이 없었어요 + en: We didn't have **plans** last time + - ko: 저는 5일 동안 **계획**이 없을 거예요 + en: I won't have **plans** for 5 days + - ko: 저는 그 날에 **계획**이 있어요 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson11-41.mp3 + en: I have **plans** on that day + - ko: 원래 대학교에 갈 **계획**이 있었지만 수능을 잘 못 봐서 대학교에 갈 수 없었어요 + en: I had **plans** to go to university, but I couldn't get in because I did poorly on the SAT test + + - ko: 회사원 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson11v3.mp3 + en: office worker + notes: | +
If I asked 100 people in Canada what their job is, I would probably only get the answer "office worker" a few times. In Korea however, probably 50% of the people would respond with "office worker." Many Korean people work for big companies in offices, not all doing the same thing obviously, but I'm not exactly sure what they're all doing in there. Korea has no real natural resources, so the major industry is just "working and business."
+You will see the suffix "원" attached to different words to refer to people.
+ examples: + - ko: 한국에서는 **회사원**이 진짜 많아요 + en: There are a lot of **office workers** in Korea + - ko: 우리 회사는 새로운 **회사원**을 찾고 있어요 + en: Our company is looking for new **workers** + + - ko: 요리사 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson11v4.mp3 + en: a cook/chef + notes: | +You will see the suffix "사" attached to different words that indicate some sort of specialized job. For example: 의사 (doctor), 교사 (teacher), 강사 (instructor)
+ examples: + - ko: "**요리사**들은 음식을 준비해요" + en: "**Chefs** prepare food" + - ko: "**요리사**들은 저녁을 부엌에서 준비했어요" + en: The **chefs** prepared the dinner in the kitchen + + - ko: 운전사 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson11v5.mp3 + en: a driver + notes: | +This is not the same "사" in 요리사.
+"기사님" is common when talking to bus and taxi drivers
+ examples: + - ko: 버스**운전사**는 승객들을 버스에 서울역에서 태웠어요 + en: The bus **driver** took on riders at Seoul Station + + verbs: + - ko: 달리다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson11v6.mp3 + en: to run + notes: | +"뛰다" is another common way to say "to run"
+ examples: + - ko: 저는 매우 빨리 **달렸어요** + en: I **ran** really quickly + - ko: 저는 1시간 동안 **달렸어요** + en: I **ran** for one hour + - ko: 저는 집 안에서 **달렸어요** + en: I **ran** inside the house + - ko: 저는 **달리**기를 제일 빨리 할 수 있어요 + en: I can **run** the fastest (the most fast) + - ko: 그 학생은 모든 학생들보다 더 빨리 **달려요** + en: That student **runs** faster than any other student + - ko: 그는 축구선수인 만큼 **달리**기를 잘해요 + en: He **runs** as well as a soccer athlete/player + + - ko: 요리하다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson11v7.mp3 + en: to cook + notes: The noun form of this word translates to "cooking" + examples: + - ko: 우리 엄마는 **요리**를 잘 **해요** + en: Our mom is good at **cooking** + - ko: 엄마가 **요리한** 음식은 너무 맛있어요 + en: The food my mom **cooked** is delicious + - ko: 저의 아내는 자기가 **요리한** 것을 보통 안 먹어요 + en: My wife usually doesn't eat the food she **cooks** + - ko: 저의 할머니는 **요리**를 너무 잘해요 + en: My grandmother **cooks** very well + + - ko: 운전하다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson11v8.mp3 + en: to drive + examples: + - ko: 트럭을 **운전할** 수 있어요? + en: Can you **drive** a truck? + - ko: 저는 8시간 동안 **운전했어요** + en: I **drove** for eight hours + - ko: 저는 차를 안전히/안전하게 **운전했어요** + en: I **drove** the car safely + - ko: 우리 아버지는 차를 항상 안전하게 **운전해요** + en: Our dad always **drives** his car safely + - ko: 그 고속도로에서 트럭을 **운전해**서는 안 돼요 + en: You must not **drive** a truck on that highway + + - ko: 죽다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson11v9.mp3 + en: to die + notes: | +The pronunciation of this word is closer to "죽따"
+ examples: + - ko: 그 사람은 10년 전에 **죽었어요** + en: That person **died** 10 years ago + - ko: 그 사람은 작년에 **죽었어요** + en: That person **died** last year + - ko: 그곳에 있었던 사람들은 다 **죽었다** + en: All the people that were there **died** + - ko: 그녀는 아이가 **죽었다**는 사실을 숨겼어요 + en: She hid (the fact that) her child **died** + + adjectives: + - ko: 두렵다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson11v10.mp3 + en: to be scared + notes: | +The pronunciation of this word is closer to "두렵따"
+두렵다 follows the ㅂ irregular
+무섭다 and 두렵다 both translate to "scary." 무섭다 is more typically used to describe the feeling of being scared, usually as it applies to something shocking or something outright scary like snakes or spiders. 두렵다 is more about psychological things in the future, like the fear of death or the fear of tomorrow.
+두렵다 and 무섭다 typically describe that something is scary, but it can be used to indicate that you are scared of that thing by using the Subject – Object – Adjective form introduced in Lesson 15.
+ examples: + - ko: 그녀를 잃는 것이 **두려워요** + en: I am **afraid** of losing her + - ko: 저는 모르는 것이 **두려워요** + en: I am **afraid** of things that I don't know (the unknown) + - ko: 저는 죽는 것이 **두려워요** + en: I am **afraid** of dying + + - ko: 이상하다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson11v11.mp3 + en: to be strange + notes: The noun form of this word translates to "abnormality" + examples: + - ko: 그 건물은 **이상해** 보여요 + en: That building looks **strange** + - ko: 그는 **이상한** 남자예요 + en: He is a **strange** man + - ko: 맛이 조금 **이상해요** + en: The taste is a little bit **strange** + - ko: 저는 어젯밤 **이상한** 꿈을 꾸었어요 + en: I had a **weird** dream last night + + adverbs: + - ko: 동안 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson11v12.mp3 + en: for, during, while + notes: | +Used to indicate how long something is being done. Often placed after an indication of time.
+For example: "10분 동안" = "10 minutes"
+In this same sense, it can be placed after a noun that describes a time. For example: "방학 동안" = "during vacation", "수업 시간 동안" = "during class time"
+Also used with ~는 것 (Introduced in Lesson 26) to say "while." For example: "제가 공부하는 동안" = "while I was studying"
+ examples: + - ko: 저는 30분 **동안** 공부했어요 + en: I studied **for** 30 minutes + - ko: 저는 공부하는 **동안** 밥을 먹었어요 + en: I ate **while** studying + - ko: 저는 방학 **동안** 공부를 많이 했어요 + en: I studied a lot **during** vacation + - ko: 반지를 사려고 두 달 **동안** 돈을 안 썼어요 + en: In order to buy a ring, I didn't spend money **for** two months + - ko: 저는 삼일 **동안** 밥을 안 먹었어요 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson11-33.mp3 + en: I didn't eat rice **for** 3 days + - ko: 텔레비전을 오랫**동안** 보지 마세요! + en: Don't watch TV **for** a long time! + - ko: 저는 두 달 **동안** 한국어 수업을 들었어요 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson11-58.mp3 + en: I took a Korean class **for** 2 months + - ko: 저는 10분 **동안** 걸었어요 + en: I walked **for** 10 minutes + - ko: 저는 1년 **동안** 영어를 외국에서 공부했어요 + en: I studied English in a foreign country **for** 1 year + - ko: 저는 6개월 **동안** 여행했어요 + en: I travelled **for** 6 months + + - ko: 달 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson11v13.mp3 + en: month + notes: | +When counting months, you can either use 달 or 개월. When using 달, you must use the pure Korean numbers, and when using 개월, you must use the Sino-Korean numbers. There is no difference in meaning, and both are used frequently
+ examples: + - ko: 저는 두 **달** 동안 한국어 수업을 들었어요 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson11-58.mp3 + en: I took a Korean class for 2 **months** + - ko: 저는 여기에 한 **달**에 세 번 와요 + en: I come here three times per **month** + - ko: 다음 **달**에 한국어를 배우기 시작할 거예요 + en: I will start learning Korean next **month** + + - ko: 개월 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson11v14.mp3 + en: month + notes: | +When counting months, you can either use 달 or 개월. When using 달, you must use the pure Korean numbers, and when using 개월, you must use the Sino-Korean numbers. There is no difference in meaning, and both are used frequently
+ examples: + - ko: 저는 2**개월** 동안 한국어 수업을 들었어요 + en: I took a Korean class for 2 **months** + - ko: 저는 6**개월** 동안 여행했어요 + en: I traveled for 6 **months** + - ko: 우리는 사귄 지 3**개월** 되었어요 + en: We have been going out for 3 **months** + + - ko: 날 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson11nal.mp3 + en: day + notes: | +날 is used as a stand alone word and not counted. It is used when talking about a specific day by itself.
+ examples: + - ko: 저는 그 **날**에 갔어요 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson11-40.mp3 + en: I went on that **day** + - ko: 저는 그 **날**에 계획이 있어요 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson11-41.mp3 + en: I have plans on that **day** + - ko: 저는 그 **날**에 선생님이 되었어요 + en: I became a teacher on that **day** + - ko: 우리는 그 **날**에 시작할 거예요 + en: We will start on that **day** + + - ko: 하루 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson11v15.mp3 + en: one day + notes: | +When counting the number of days, you can usually say something like "5일" (five days). However, for a small number of days (one day, two days) there is a special word that corresponds to that number of days. "일 일" to mean "one day" would never be used.
+ examples: + - ko: 저는 **하루**에 3시간 동안 공부해요 + en: I study for three hours in **one day** + - ko: 저는 **하루** 동안 여행했어요 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson11-31.mp3 + en: I traveled for **one day** + - ko: 저는 **하루**에 4시간 동안 공부해요 + en: I study for four hours per **day** + - ko: 그 학생은 **하루** 종일 책을 읽을 수 있어요 + en: That student can read books all **day** + - ko: 저는 이 약을 **하루**에 두 번 먹어요 + en: I eat (take) this medicine twice per **day** + - ko: 저의 게으른 남동생은 **하루** 종일 아무것도 안 해요 + en: My lazy brother doesn't do anything all **day** + - ko: 그는 **하루** 종일 그냥 컴퓨터를 해요 + en: He just uses the computer all **day** + - ko: 모든 학생들은 **하루** 종일 잤어 + en: All students slept all **day** + + - ko: 이틀 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson11v16.mp3 + en: two days + notes: | +When counting the number of days, you can usually say something like "5일" (five days). However, for a small number of days (one day, two days) there is a special word that corresponds to that number of days. "이 일" to mean "two days" would be used, but 이틀 would be more common.
+ examples: + - ko: 우리는 계곡에 **이틀** 동안 갈 거예요 + en: We are going to the valley for **two days** + - ko: 저는 **이틀** 동안 안 잤어요 + en: I didn't sleep for **two days** + - ko: 우리는 **이틀** 동안 미국에 있었어요 + en: We were in America for **two days** + - ko: 우리는 **이틀** 전에 한국에 왔어요 + en: We came to Korea **two days** ago + - ko: 저는 그 친구를 **이틀** 후에 만날 거예요 + en: I will meet that friend **two days** from now + + - ko: 사흘 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson11v17.mp3 + en: three days + notes: | +Even though "사" ('four') is in the word "사흘," I assure you that 사흘 means "3 days." Many Korean people think that "사흘" actually means "four days," and I have pwned some Korean people by showing them that it actually means "three days" by looking it up in the Korean-Korean dictionary with them.
+ examples: + - ko: 저는 **사흘** 동안 밥을 안 먹었어요 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson11-32.mp3 + en: I didn't eat rice for **3 days** + + - ko: 지난 주 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson11v18.mp3 + en: last week + notes: | +지난 can be placed before some indicators of time to mean "last ...."
+There are two similar but different meanings for the word "last" in English. 지난 is used for only ONE of those meanings. 지난 is used to talk about something in the past, as in "last night I went to bed late." It is not used to talk about the last thing in a sequence. See Lessons 10 and 11 for more information.
+ examples: + - ko: "**지난** **주**에 저는 계획이 많았어요" + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson11-53.mp3 + en: I had a lot of plans **last week** + - ko: 그는 그녀를 **지난** **주**에 해고했을 것 같아요 + en: It appears that he fired her **last week** + - ko: 저의 여동생은 **지난** **주**에 책 두 권을 읽었어요 + en: My sister read two books **last week** + - ko: "**지난** **주**말에 뭐 했어요?" + en: What did you do **last weekend**? + - ko: 저는 그 영화를 **지난** **주**에 봤어요 + en: I saw that movie **last week** + - ko: "**지난** **주**에 우리는 아무데도 안 갔어요" + en: We didn't go anywhere **last week** + - ko: 저는 **지난 주**에 영화를 봤어요 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson11-14.mp3 + en: I saw a movie **last week** + + - ko: 지난 달 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson11v19.mp3 + en: last month + examples: + - ko: 저는 **지난** **달**에 그 시험을 봤어요 + en: I took that exam **last month** + - ko: 학생은 **지난 달**보다 더 많이 공부하고 있어요 + en: The student is studying more than **last month** + + - ko: 이번 주 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson11v20.mp3 + en: this week + examples: + - ko: 우리가 **이번** **주**에 뭐 할 거예요? + en: What are we going to do **this week**? + - ko: 저는 **이번 주**에 계획이 없어요 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson11-64.mp3 + en: I have no plans **this week** + + - ko: 이번 달 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson11v21.mp3 + en: this month + examples: + - ko: 그녀는 **이** **번** **달**에 애기를 낳을 예정이에요 + en: She is scheduled to give birth **this month** + - ko: 저는 친구를 **이번 달**에 만날 거예요 + en: I will meet (that/a) friend **this month** + + - ko: 다음 주 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson11v22.mp3 + en: next week + notes: 다음 can be placed before some indicators of time to mean "next" + examples: + - ko: 학생들은 **다음** **주**에 학교에 돌아와요 + en: The students return to school next **week** + - ko: 저는 **다음** **주**에 영화를 볼 거예요 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson11-21.mp3 + en: I will see a movie **next week** + - ko: 저는 **다음** **주**에 캐나다에 갈 거예요 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson11-22.mp3 + en: I will go to Canada **next week** + - ko: 저는 **다음** **주**에 미국에 갈 거예요 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson11-52.mp3 + en: I will go to the US **next week** + - ko: 저는 **다음** **주**에 시험 공부를 할 거예요 + en: "**Next week**, I will study for an exam" + - ko: 다음 주 목요일은 휴가인가? + en: Is **next Thursday** a holiday? + - ko: 아직 간 적이 없어요. 하지만 다음 주에 가 볼 거예요 + en: I haven't been there yet. But, I am going (to try) to go **next week** + - ko: 우리는 다음 주에 그 문제에 대한 회의를 열 거예요 + en: We are going to hold a meeting **next week** about that problem + + - ko: 다음 달 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson11v23.mp3 + en: next month + examples: + - ko: "**다음** **달**은 지금보다 더 춥겠어요" + en: "**Next month** will be colder than now" + - ko: "**다음 달**에 한국어를 배우기 시작할 거야" + en: I will start learning Korean **next month** + + - ko: 작년 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson11v24.mp3 + en: last year + examples: + - ko: "**작년**에 어디서 공부했어요?" + en: Where did you study **last year**? + - ko: 저는 **작년**에 살이 많이 쪘어요 + en: I gained a lot of weight **last year** + - ko: 그는 **작년**보다 한국어를 훨씬 잘해요 + en: He is much better at Korean than **last year** + - ko: "**작년**에 우리 회사의 수입은 200만원이었어요" + en: Our company's income **last year** was 200만 + - ko: 제가 **작년**에 가르친 학생 한 명은 벌써 의사가 되었어요 + en: One of the students I taught **last year** has already become a doctor + + - ko: 올해 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson11v25.mp3 + en: this year + examples: + - ko: 우리는 **올해** 결혼하고 싶어요 + en: We want to get married **this year** + - ko: 저의 어머니는 **올해** 한국에 올 것입니다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson11-65.mp3 + en: My mom will come to Korea **this year** + + - ko: 내년 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson11v26.mp3 + en: next year + examples: + - ko: 우리는 **내년**에 결혼하고 싶어요 + en: We want to get married **next year** + - ko: 저는 **내년**에 한국에 갈 거예요 + en: I will go to Korea **next year** + + - ko: 평생 (동안) + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson11v27.mp3 + en: in my whole life + notes: | +This word appears in Korean Sign Explanation [Video 12]
+This can be used as an adverb, for example: "저는 보통 아침 식사를 안 먹어요" = "I usually don't eat breakfast"
+It can also be used before a noun to mean "typical" or "usual" for example: "그것은 보통 일이에요" = "That is (just) typical work"
+ examples: + - ko: 저는 **보통** 아침 식사를 안 먹어요 + en: I **usually** don't eat breakfast + - ko: 피자를 먹으면 저는 콜라를 **보통** 마셔요 + en: When/If I eat pizza, I **usually** drink cola + - ko: "**배우**들은 그들의 영화를 **보통** 좋아하지 않아" + en: Actors **usually** don't like their movies + - ko: 저는 **보통** 점심식사로 과일만 먹어요 + en: I **usually** only eat fruit for lunch + - ko: 한국 사람들은 **보통** 아주 착해요 + en: Korean people are **usually** very nice + - ko: 그것은 **보통** 일이에요 + en: That is **(just)** typical work +--- + # Lesson 11: 동안, Seconds, Minutes, Hours, Days, Weeks, Months, Years ## Vocabulary +This word appears in my Korean Sign Explanation Video #1.
+The pronunciation of this word is closer to "닥"
+Typically, the pronunciation of words with four-letter syllables merge with the pronunciation of an attaching grammatical principle. For example, "값" is pronounced as "kap" but 값을 is pronounced as "갑슬." However, the ㄹ in 닭 is usually not pronounced in these cases. For example, 닭을 is usually pronounced as "닥을" or "다글" and 닭이 is usually pronounced as "다기" or "닥이."
+When eating Western style chicken (like in KFC), Korean people use the word "치킨"
+ examples: + - ko: 그 농장은 **닭**을 키워요 + en: That farm raises **chickens** + + - ko: 문장 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson12v9.mp3 + en: sentence + examples: + - ko: 저는 그 **문장**을 한국어로 말했어요 + en: I said that **sentence** (using) in Korean + - ko: 그 단어로 완벽한 **문장**을 만들어 주세요 + en: Make a perfect/complete **sentence** using that word, please + - ko: "**문장**을 다 쓰면 점을 찍어야 돼요" + en: When you are done writing a **sentence**, you need to put a period + + - ko: 기름 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson12v10.mp3 + en: oil/grease/gasoline + examples: + - ko: 고기에 **기름**이 많아요 + en: There is a lot of **grease** in meat + - ko: "**기름** 값은 비싸졌어요" + en: The price of **oil** got expensive + + - ko: 그들 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson12v11.mp3 + en: them + examples: + - ko: "**그들**은 저를 왠지 싫어해요" + en: "**They** don't like me for some reason" + - ko: 저는 **그들**에게 결혼식에 갈 거냐고 물어봤어요 + en: I asked if **they** were going to the wedding + - ko: 청소년들은 **그들** 자신을 사랑하지 않는다 + en: Young people don't love **themselves** + - ko: "**배우**들은 **그들**의 영화를 보통 좋아하지 않아" + en: Actors usually don't like **their** movies + - ko: "**그들**은 많은 후보자들 중에서 저를 뽑았어요" + en: "**They** chose me from many candidates" + - ko: "**그들**은 저를 처음부터 싫어했어요" + en: "**They** didn't like me from the start" + - ko: 학생들이 시험을 보는 동안 저는 **그들**을 감독했어요 + en: I supervised the students while **they** wrote an exam + + - ko: 생활 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson12v12.mp3 + en: lifestyle/life + examples: + - ko: 한국에서는 저의 **생활**이 좋아요 + en: My **life** in Korea is good + + verbs: + - ko: 속삭이다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson12v13.mp3 + en: to whisper + notes: The pronunciation of this word is closer to "속싸기다" + examples: + - ko: 저는 그녀의 귀에 **속삭였어요** + en: I **whispered** into her ear + + - ko: 복습하다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson12v14.mp3 + en: to review, to re-study + notes: The pronunciation of this word is closer to "복쓰파다" + examples: + - ko: 저는 그것을 처음부터 끝까지 **복습했어요** + en: I **reviewed** that from start to finish + - ko: 시험을 보기 전 날에 내용을 **복습해**야 돼요 + en: I need to **review** the content on the day before the exam + + - ko: 바꾸다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson12v15.mp3 + en: to change + examples: + - ko: 우리는 계획을 **바꿔**야 돼요 + en: We have to **change** our plans + - ko: 저는 내일의 예정을 **바꿨어요** + en: I **changed** tomorrow's schedule + - ko: 비가 온 다음 날에 하늘은 보라색으로 **바꿨어요** + en: The sky **turned** purple the day after the rain + - ko: 새로운 핸드폰을 사고 전화번호를 **바꿨어요** + en: After buying a new phone, I **changed** my phone number + - ko: 그 식당은 메뉴를 **바꿨어요** + en: That restaurant **changed** its menu + + - ko: 유학하다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson12v16.mp3 + en: to study abroad + examples: + - ko: 저는 캐나다에서 **유학했어요** + en: I **studied abroad** in Canada + - ko: 영어를 할 수 없으면 **유학**을 갈 수 없어요 + en: If you can't speak English, you can't **study abroad** + + - ko: 넘어지다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson12v17.mp3 + en: to fall + examples: + - ko: 길이 미끄러워서 저는 **넘어졌어요** + en: I **fell over** because the road is slippery + - ko: 네가 **넘어질** 것처럼 보였어 + en: It looked like you were going to **fall** + - ko: 늙은 아주머니는 **넘어졌어요** + en: The old lady **fell over** + - ko: 만약 엄마의 손을 안 잡았더라면 **넘어졌을 거예요** + en: If I didn't grab mom's hand, I would have **fallen** + + - ko: 독서하다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson12v18.mp3 + en: to read a book + notes: | +This word less common and more difficult than "읽다." When using 독서하다, within the meaning of the verb is that one is reading a book. You don't need to include the object "책" if using this verb. It is common in its noun form "독서" to refer to the noun of reading a book.
+ examples: + - ko: 심심할 때 **독서**를 하는 것이 좋아요 + en: When bored, **reading books** is good + - ko: 내일 공부하러 **독서**실에 갈래요? + en: Shall we go to the **reading** room tomorrow to study? + + - ko: 출발하다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson12v19.mp3 + en: to depart + notes: The noun form of this word translates to "departure" + examples: + - ko: "우리는 언제 **출발할** **거예요**?" + en: When are we going to **leave/depart**? + - ko: 비행기가 아직 **출발할** 준비가 안 됐습니까? + en: Is the plane not yet ready to **depart**? + - ko: 저는 인천공항에서 **출발했어요** + en: I **departed** from Incheon airport + - ko: 다음 버스는 저 정류장에서 **출발할** **거예요** + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson12-39.mp3 + en: The next bus will **depart** from that station + - ko: 우리는 집에서 **출발할** **거예요** + en: We will **depart** from home + - ko: 비행기가 9시에 출발할 예정이지만 눈이 많이 와서 못 **출발할** 것 같아요 + en: The plane is scheduled to **depart** at 9:00, but it probably won't because it is snowing a lot + + - ko: 마시다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson12v20.mp3 + en: to drink + examples: + - ko: 저는 애기에게 우유를 **마시**라고 했어요 + en: I told the baby to **drink** his milk + - ko: 애기는 우유 대신에 물만 **마시**고 싶어요 + en: Instead of milk, the baby wants to **drink** only water + - ko: 저는 녹차를 엄마랑 같이 **마셨어요** + en: I **drank** green tea with my mom + - ko: 저는 친구들이랑 커피를 **마셨어요** + en: I **drank** coffee with my friends + - ko: "**술**을 **마셨어요**?" + en: Were you **drinking** (alcohol)? + - ko: 뭐 **마실래요**? + en: Depending on the situation, this could mean "Shall we drink something?" or "What shall we drink." + + - ko: 내리다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson12v21.mp3 + en: to get off, to go down, to come down + notes: | +This word appears in my Korean Sign Explanation Video #6
+Aside from literally meaning "to come out" Korean people use this word to say that somebody is "in" a movie or TV show. In English, I would say "Will Smith is in Men in Black." In Korean, they would say "Will Smith은 Men in Black에 나왔어요."
+ examples: + - ko: 학생들은 교실에서 **나왔어요** + en: The students **came out** of the classroom + - ko: 결과가 아직 안 **나왔어요** + en: The results haven't **come out** yet + + - ko: 나가다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson12v23.mp3 + en: to go out + examples: + - ko: 밖에 **나갈래요**? + en: Shall we **go** **out**side? + - ko: 밖에 **나가**기 전에 집을 청소해야 돼요! + en: Before I **go out**, I need to clean the house + - ko: 선생님들은 다 **나갔어요** + en: All the teachers **left** (went out) + - ko: 문을 열어서 밖으로 **나갔어요** + en: I opened the door and then **went outside** + - ko: 그는 방금 나갔어요 + en: He just **left** + + - ko: 쓰다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson12v24.mp3 + en: to cover one's head + notes: | +쓰다 follows the ㅡ irregular
+The word 씌우다 is used when covering somebody's head with something. The most common case this would come up is when holding an umbrella for somebody.
+ examples: + - ko: 저의 아버지가 저 모자를 매일 **써**요 + en: My dad **wears** that hat every day + + - ko: 모르다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson12v25.mp3 + en: to not know + notes: | +모르다 follows the 르 irregular
+Although "모르겠다" is technically the future tense of the word, it is often used in the present tense to mean "I don't know."
+ examples: + - ko: 우리가 언제 도착할지 **모르겠어요** + en: I **don't know** when we will arrive + - ko: 할아버지가 여기에 계신지 **몰랐어요** + en: I **didn't know** you were here, grandpa + - ko: 그 사람이 너의 아버지인 줄 **몰랐어요** + en: I **didn't know** that person is your father + + - ko: 신청하다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson12v26.mp3 + en: to apply + notes: The noun form of this word translates to "application" + examples: + - ko: 저는 교장선생님께 저의 **신청**서를 드렸어요 + en: I gave my **application** form to the principal + - ko: 인도에 가고 싶으면 비자를 **신청해**야 돼요 + en: You need to **apply** for a visa if you want to go to India + - ko: 연수를 받으시고 싶다면 내일까지 **신청하**시기 바랍니다 + en: If you want to receive the training, please **apply** by tomorrow + + - ko: 사다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson12v27.mp3 + en: to buy + examples: + - ko: 저는 사과만 **샀어요** + en: I only **bought** apples + - ko: 저는 사과와 바나나를 **샀어요** + en: I **bought** apples and bananas + - ko: 저는 저의 여자 친구를 위해 꽃을 **샀어요** + en: I **bought** flowers for my girlfriend + - ko: 만화책을 **샀나요**? + en: Did you **buy** the comic book? + - ko: 무엇을 **샀어요**? + en: What did you **buy**? + - ko: 치마를 몇 개 **샀어요**? + en: How many skirts did you **buy**? + - ko: 그것을 **사**는 것은 돈 낭비일 뿐이에요 + en: "**Buying** that is just a waste of money" + - ko: 교감선생님은 선생님들을 위해 식사를 **살 거예요** + en: The vice principal will **buy** a meal for all the teachers + - ko: 할인을 얼마나 해 줄지 상관없이 저는 그것을 안 **살 거예요** + en: It doesn't matter how much of a discount you give me, I'm not going to **buy** it + + - ko: 팔다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson12v28.mp3 + en: to sell + notes: 팔다 follows the ㄹ irregular + examples: + - ko: 우리는 밥과 빵을 **팔아요** + en: We **sell** rice and bread + - ko: 저는 내일 시장에서 사과를 **팔** 거예요 + en: I will **sell** apples at the market tomorrow + - ko: 이 가게는 싼 음식을 **팔아요** + en: this store **sells** cheap/inexpensive food + - ko: 우리 아버지는 예전에 옷을 **팔았어요** + en: Our dad **sold** clothes in the past + - ko: 저는 저의 오래된 핸드폰을 **팔았어요** + en: I **sold** my old phone + - ko: 그는 자기 차를 **팔**고 후회했어요 + en: He regrets **selling** his car + - ko: 이 제품을 소매로 **팔았**을 때 돈을 많이 못 벌어서 지금부터 도매로 **팔** 거예요 + en: When I **sold** this product through retail, I didn't make any money so from now on I'm going to start **selling** it through wholesale + + adjectives: + - ko: 얇다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson12v29.mp3 + en: to be thin + notes: | +The pronunciation of this word is closer to "얄따"
+This is not used to talk about people, only when talking about objects being thin
+ examples: + - ko: 이 종이는 너무 **얇아요** + en: This paper is too **thin** + + - ko: 적당하다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson12v30.mp3 + en: to be moderate + notes: | +The pronunciation of this word is closer to "적땅하다"
+This word is often used in the adverb form to make "적당히" (moderately)
+ examples: + - ko: "**적당히** 먹어!" + en: Eat **moderately** (don't eat too much!) + + - ko: 어리다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson12v31.mp3 + en: to be young + examples: + - ko: 저의 여자 친구는 **어려요** + en: My girlfriend is **young** + - ko: 저의 여자 친구는 저보다 네 살 더 **어려요** + en: My girlfriend is four years **younger** than me + - ko: "**어렸**을 때 강아지를 키우고 싶었어요" + en: When I was **young**, I wanted to raise a puppy + - ko: 저는 **어렸**을 때부터 야구를 좋아했어요 + en: I've liked baseball since I was **young** + - ko: "**어린** 한국 사람들은 대개 영어로 조금 말할 수 있어요" + en: "**Young** Korean people can usually speak English a little bit" + + - ko: 기쁘다 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson12v32.mp3 + en: to be glad + examples: + - ko: 우리가 만나서 **기뻐요** + en: I am **glad** that we met + + adverbs: + - ko: 꽤 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson12v33.mp3 + en: fairly/quite + examples: + - ko: 그 여자는 **꽤** 예뻐요 + en: That girl is **fairly/kind** of pretty + + - ko: 때 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson12v34.mp3 + en: time, when + notes: Most commonly used following ~ㄹ/을 (See Lesson 42 for more information) + examples: + - ko: 제가 학교에서 있었을 **때** 공부를 했어요 + en: I studied **when** I was at school + - ko: 한국 사람들은 밥을 먹을 **때** 젓가락을 써요 + en: Korean people use chopsticks **when** they eat + - ko: 저는 아무 **때**나 일을 시작할 준비됐어요 + en: I am ready to start working any **time** + - ko: 엄마가 갔을 **때** 저는 울었어요 + en: "**When** mom left, I cried" + - ko: 운동할 **때** 알맞은 자세로 해야 돼요 + en: "**When** you exercise, you need to do so with the correct posture" + + - ko: 그때 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson12v35.mp3 + en: at that time + examples: + - ko: "**그때** 돈을 얼마나 벌었어요?" + en: How much money did you earn **at that time**? + - ko: 저는 그 여자를 **그때**만 사랑했어요 + en: I loved her only **at that time** + - ko: 저는 **그때**까지 김치를 먹지 않았어요 + en: I hadn't eaten Kimchi until **that time** + - ko: 나는 **그때** 기억이 안 났어 + en: I didn't remember (that) **at that time** + + - ko: 쪽 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson12v36.mp3 + en: side/direction + notes: | +쪽 is a noun, but a special noun. I refer to these sometimes as "pseudo-nouns" in my lessons. Other nouns like this are 적 (Lesson 32) and 수 (Lesson 45). 쪽 can only ever be used when some sort of context is given to it.
+I talk about the use of 쪽 in a Korean sign in this Youtube Video.
+몇 is placed before a counter to ask "how many" of something. For example: "펜 몇 개 있어요?" = "How many pens do you have" (see Lesson 22 for more information)
+몇 can also be used to mean "some." For example: "저는 사과 몇 개를 샀어요" = "I bought some apples" (see Lesson 12 for more information)
+ examples: + - ko: 저는 친구 몇 명을 만났어요 + en: I met **some** friends + - ko: 친구가 몇 명 있어요? + en: "**How many** friends do you have?" + + - ko: 층 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson12v40.mp3 + en: floor + notes: Placed after a number to indicate the "third floor," fourth floor," etc... + examples: + - ko: 저는 2**층**에서 살아요 + en: I live on the second **floor** +--- + # Lesson 12: Korean Particles 들, 만, 에서, 부터, 까지, (으)로 ## Vocabulary +