From 4f891ae123d30c4b09fef6e3a16a1b673f375534 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: polv Date: Sun, 6 Sep 2026 11:15:47 +0700 Subject: [PATCH] school theme --- docs/howtostudykorean/theme/school.md | 474 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++ docs/index.md | 2 + 2 files changed, 476 insertions(+) create mode 100644 docs/howtostudykorean/theme/school.md diff --git a/docs/howtostudykorean/theme/school.md b/docs/howtostudykorean/theme/school.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..81abd46 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/howtostudykorean/theme/school.md @@ -0,0 +1,474 @@ +# (Theme) Unit 1: #1 – School + +## Introduction + +I know this is a generalization, but the majority of foreign learners of Korean are teachers or exchange students in Korea. If you don’t fit into one of these categories, it is likely that you are a student somewhere. Of course, there will be some people studying Korean who are neither teachers nor students, but I feel that the majority of Korean learners have some relation with a school. As such – why not begin the Theme Lessons with a lesson about school? + +First, let me introduce you to a variety of words that you can use in a school. The word “class” as it relates to schools is very difficult for English speakers. In English, the word “class” refers to many things, and each of these has a different word in Korean. Three common words that could translate to “class” are: + +반 = class (group of people) + +
+ +For example: “There are 30 students in my class” + +
+ +수업 = class (lesson that you receive) + +
+ +For example: “We had 5 classes today” + +
+ +교실 = class (classroom) + +
+ +For example: “He is in the classroom” + +
+ +Another word that could be confusing with these words is: + +교시 = class period + +
+ +This is usually translated as “period” in English + +
+ +If I was going to write the following sentence: + +- Our class had PE class in the classroom during second period + +Notice where I place each of those Korean words if I substituted them for the English word: + +- Our 반 had PE수업 in the 교실 during second 교시 + +Below is a list of other vocabulary you may find useful in a school: + +## Vocabulary + +### Nouns + +학교 = school + +학생 = student + +선생님 = teacher + +교사 = teacher + +담임선생님 = homeroom teacher + +교장선생님 = principal + +교감선생님 = vice principal + +원어민 선생님 = native speaking teacher + +과목 = subject + +반 = class (group of students) + +수업 = class (lesson) + +교실 = classroom + +교시 = period + +1교시 = first period (“일 교시”) + +2교시 = second period (“이 교시”) + +시간표 = timetable + +급식 = the lunch served at school + +동아리 = club + +시험 = exam + +중간고사 = midterm exam + +기말고사 = final exam + +문제 = problem/question + +질문 = question + +방학 = vacation + +초등학교 = elementary school + +중학교 = middle school + +고등학교 = high school + +국립고등학교 = public high school + +사립고등학교 = private high school + +학원 = after school private academy + +학년 = grade (3학년 “삼학년” = third grade) + +학기 = semester (1학기 “일학기” = first semester) + +수능 = Korean SAT (short for 대학수학능력시험) + +수행평가 = performance assessment + +### Verbs + +가르치다 = to teach + +배우다 = to learn + +듣다 = to hear (used when “taking” a class) + +이해하다 = to understand + +이해가 안 되다 = to not understand + +설명하다 = to explain + +평가하다 = to evaluate + +시험을 보다 = to take an exam + +채점하다 = to mark or grade an exam + +### Adverbs and Other Words + +방과 후 수업 = after school class (also refers to a class during the vacation) + +학교 끝나고… = after school + +수업 전에 = before class + +수업 끝나고… = after class + +Now let’s look at some specific sentences that you may find useful in a school: + +## Sentences + +### Being a teacher + +저는 선생님이에요 = I am a teacher + +저는 영어회화 선생님이에요 = I am an English conversation teacher + +저는 영어 선생님이에요 = I am an English teacher + +저는 곧 선생님이 될 것입니다 = I will become a teacher soon + +저는 선생님이 되고 싶어요 = I want to be/become a teacher + +저는 언젠가 선생님이 되고 싶어요 = I want to become a teacher someday + +담임선생님은 누구예요? = Who is your homeroom teacher? + +저는 한국에서 영어 회화선생님이에요 = I am an English conversation teacher in Korea + +무슨 과목을 가르쳐요? = What subject do you teach? + +선생님이 왜 되고 싶었어요? = Why did you want to become a teacher? + +이 학교에서 언제부터 일했어요? = Since when have you been at this school? + +이 학교 일을 어떻게 구했어요? = How did you find this position (at this school)? + +학교에서 몇 시에 퇴근해요? = What time do you leave school? + +집에 몇 시에 가요? = What time will you go home? + +1주일에 수업을 몇 개 가르쳐요? = How many classes do you teach per week? + +하루에 (보통) 수업을 몇 개 가르쳐요? = How many classes do you (usually) teach per day? + +이 사람은 우리 학교(의) 영어 원어민 선생님이에요 = This person is our school’s native English teacher + +교장선생님은 선생님들에게 존경 받아요 = The principal is respected by the teachers + +학생들은 수업 시간 동안 자고 있었어요 = The students were sleeping during class + +그 사람이 선생님인지 아닌지 몰라요 = I don’t know if that person is a teacher or not + +내가 선생님이면 학생들을 잘 가르칠 거야 = If/When I am a teacher, I would teach students well + +만약 제가 선생님이라면 학생들에게 존경을 받고 싶을 거에요 = If I were a teacher, I would want to be respected by students + +이렇게 많은 내용을 학생들에게 가르치려고 고생을 많이 했어요 = I worked hard/suffered in order to teach that much content to the students + +### Being a student + +몇 반이에요? = What class are you in? + +몇 학년이에요? = What grade are you in? + +저는 1-2이에요 (“일학년-이반) = I am in class 1-2 + +저는 3학년이에요 = I’m in third grade + +저는 내년에 수능을 봐 야 돼요 = I need to write 수능 next year + +저는 심심해요 = I’m bored + +오늘 수업 시간 동안 뭐 할 거에요? = What are we going to do during class today? + +그 학생은 수업에 집중을 못 해요 = That student can’t concentrate during class + +제일 좋아하는 선생님이 누구예요? = Who is your favorite teacher? + +제일 좋아하는 과목이 뭐예요? = What is your favorite subject? + +다음 수업은 뭐에요? = What is the next class? + +저는 학교에 친구가 없어요 = I have no friends at school + +저는 학교에 친구가 많아요 = I have a lot of friends at school + +선생님, 어디 가세요? = Teacher, where are you going? + +저는 그 학생이 어느 대학교를 다니는 지 기억 안 나요 = I don’t remember which university that student attends + +그 학생이 학교에서 왕따인 것 같아 = That student is probably an outcast at school + +너는 고등학생 같이 보여 = You look like a high school student + +초등학생과 같아요 = You’re like an elementary school student + +### Learning/Studying + +열심히 공부해요! = Study hard! + +저는 교감선생님에게서 한국어를 배웠어요 = I learned Korean from my vice principal + +선생님, 저는 이 것이 이해가 안 돼요 = Teacher, I don’t understand this + +저는 선생님이 그 것을 언제 가르친 지 기억 안 나요 = I don’t remember when the teacher taught + +선생님은 우리를 너무 잘 가르치셨어 = Our teacher taught us really well + +수업이 4시쯤에 시작될 예정이에요 = The class is scheduled to start at about 4:00 + +제가 공부했을 때 문법만 공부했어요 = When I studied, I only studied grammar + +제가 공부를 하면 엄마는 TV를 꺼요 = When I study, my mother turns off the TV + +(만약) 공부한다면 성공할 거야 = If you study, you will succeed + +대학교에 가고 싶다면 열심히 공부해 야 해요 = If you want to go to university, you have to study hard + +내일 공부하러 독서실에 갈래요? = Shall we go to the library tomorrow to study? + +나는 선생님에게 열심히 공부했다고 말했어 = I told the teacher that I studied hard + +그는 공부하지 않았다고 했어요 = He said that he didn’t study + +선생님은 학생들에게 열심히 공부하라고 했어요 = The teacher told the students to study hard + +학생들이 너무 시끄러워서 저는 교수님의 말을 못 들었어요 = The students were too loud, so I couldn’t hear the professor + +지금 공부를 하고 있기 때문에 너랑 통화하고 싶지 않아 = I don’t want to talk with you on the phone because I’m studying now + +저는 내년에 대학교에 갈 것이기 때문에 지금 열심히 공부하고 있어요 = Because I will be going to university next year, I am studying hard now + +요즘에 한국어를 열심히 공부하고 있지만 아직도 잘 말할 수 없어요 = Even though I am studying Korean hard these days, I still can’t speak well + +### School + +이 학교는 우리 학교와 같아요 = This school and our school are (exactly) the same + +저는3일 동안 학교에 안 갔어요 = I didn’t go to school for 3 days + +고등학교는 한국에서 어려워요 = High school is difficult in Korea + +저는 학교에서 멀리 살고 있어요 = I live far from school + +- 저는 3시부터 학교에 있을 거에요 = I will be at school from 3:00 +- 저는 작년부터 한국어를 배웠어요 = I have been learning Korean since last year + +밥은 학교에 제공되었어요 = food is provided by the school + +우리학교에서 식당까지 10분 걸려요 = It takes 10 minutes to get from our school to the restaurant + +저는 학교에 가서 공부할 거에요 = I will go to school and then study + +### Classes + +오늘 수업이 몇 개 있어요? = How many classes do you have today? + +저는 오늘 1교시 수업이 있어요 = I have a class first period today + +저는 오늘 2교시에 영어회화 수업이 있어요 = I have an English conversation class today at 2nd period + +오늘 수업 시간 동안 뭐 할까요? = What should we do during class today? + +오늘 수업 시간 동안 뭐 하고 싶어요? = What do you want to do during class today? + +제일 좋아하는 수업은 뭐예요? = What is your favorite class? + +제일 재미있는 수업은 뭐예요? = What is the most fun class? + +각 수업은 50분이에요 = Each class is 50 minutes + +저는 10분 후에 1학년3반 수업이 있어요 = I have a class (lesson) with class 1-3 in 10 minutes + +이 것은 저의 마지막 수업이에요 = This is my last class + +저는 처음에 체육 수업을 싫어했어요 = At first I didn’t like PE class + +저는 지난 수업을 안 들었어요 = I didn’t go to/attend the last class + +저는 3일에 수업을 들었어요 = I went to class on the 3rd (day of the month) + +저는 3일 동안 수업을 들었어요 = I went to class for three days + +저는 2달 동안 한국어 수업을 들었어요 = I took a Korean class for 2 months + +저는 2개월 동안 한국어 수업을 들었어요 = I took a Korean class for 2 months + +수업은 2 분 후에 끝날 거에요 = Class will finish 2 minutes from now + +### Exams + +학생들은 다음 주에 중간고사를 볼 거에요 = Students will write the midterm next week + +학생들은 다음 주에 기말고사를 볼 거에요 = Students will write the final exam next week + +영어 시험이 너무 어려웠어요 = The English exam was so difficult + +저는 시험문제를 만들고 있어요 = I am making exam questions + +저는 시험문제를 만들어야 돼요 = I need to make exam questions + +우리는 시험 문제를 언제까지 내야 돼요? = When do we need to submit the exam questions by? + +저는 시험을 채점하고 있어요 = I am marking the exams + +시험을 잘 봤어요? = Did you do well on the exam? + +시험을 잘 봤어요 = I did well on the exam + +시험을 망했어요! = I messed up the exam! + +저는 이번 시험에 벼락치기를 했어요 = I crammed for this exam + +저는 지금 시험 감독을 해 야 돼요 = I need to proctor an exam now + +학생들을 평가하려고 내일 시험을 볼 거에요 = In order to evaluate the students, they will do an exam tomorrow + +저는 공부하지 않아서 시험을 못 봤어요 = I didn’t study, therefore, I didn’t do well on the exam + +제가 공부했더라면 시험을 합격했을 거에요 = If I studied, I would have passed the test + +저는 6월 20일에 시험을 봐 야 되어서 지금 열심히 공부해 야 돼요 = Because I have to write an exam on June 20th, I need to study really hard now + +### Clubs + +저는 과학동아리에 가입했어요 = I entered the science club + +저는 동아리 친구들이랑 같이 봉사를 했어요 = I volunteered with my friends in my club + +In order to say “What club are you in?” there are a few ways that don’t seem like they would be natural. Some of the ways you could say this are: + +- 저는 과학동아리에 있어요 = I am in the science club +- 저는 과학동아리를 하고 있어요 = I am in the science club +- 저는 과학동아리이에요 = I am in the science club + +The first one seems like it would be most correct but that is probably used least often in Korean. The second and third sentences are probably best, even if the grammar looks strange. + +### After school and Vacation + +방학식은 언제예요? = When is the last day of school? + +개학식은 언제예요? = When is the first day of school? + +졸업식은 언제예요? = When is the graduation ceremony? + +방학 언제 해요? = When is your vacation? + +방학 동안 뭐 할 거에요? = What are you going to do during the vacation? + +여름 방학 동안 뭐 할 거에요? = What are you going to do during summer vacation? + +저는 오늘 학교 끝나고 친구를 만날 거에요 = I’m going to meet a friend after school + +저는 방학 동안 방과 후 수업을 들을 거에요 = I’m going to take a class during the vacation + +방학 동안 저는 학교에 있고 싶지 않아요 = I don’t want to be at school during vacation + +## School Subjects + +The following are the common subjects you would find at a Korean school: + +- 외국어 = Foreign Languages +- 영어 = English +- 영어회화 = English Conversation +- 중국어 = Chinese +- 일본어 = Japanese +- 독일어 = German +- 스페인어 = Spanish +- 프랑스어 = French + +--- + +- 국어 = Korean +- 문학 = Literature + +--- + +- 과학 = Science +- 생물 = Biology +- 화학 = Chemistry +- 물리 = Physics +- 지구과학 = Earth Sciences + +--- + +- 사회 = Social Studies +- 지리 = Geography +- 역사 = History +- 윤리 = Ethics +- 정치 = Politics +- 경제 = Economics + +--- + +- 예체능 = Arts and Physical Education +- 미술 = Art +- 체육 = Physical Education + +--- + +- 수학 = Mathematics +- 미적분 = Calculus + +## Korean Schools + +If you have never been to Korea before, you might not be aware of many of the differences between a Korean school and the school that you are used to in your home country. The school year starts at the beginning of March, and is divided into two semesters (학기). The first semester usually ends sometime in July, at which time there is about a one month summer vacation (여름방학). School starts up again sometime in August and runs until the end of December, right before the start of a two month winter vacation (겨울방학). + +Korean students attend elementary school from ages 8 to 13 and elementary school is from grade 1 – 6. You also might not be aware that the age system in Korea is different from the rest of the world, but I don’t want to get into that here. After elementary school, students move to middle school, which consists of grades 1 – 3. In Canada (and I’m sure most other western countries), we continue counting up from elementary school to high school. However, in Korea, when students enter their first year of middle school, they are now a 1st grade middle school (중학교 1학년) student. Likewise, a student who has been in middle school for three years is a 3rd grade middle school (중학교 3학년) student. After three years of middle school, students attend three years of high school, which again are referred to as 1st, 2nd and 3rd grade. + +Competition to get into the best schools, especially for university and to a lesser extent high school is incredibly fierce. Korean students study all the time in order to improve their grades so that they can get into the best schools. This often comes at the expense of over-studying, lots of pressure and a system that measures students’ abilities using only exams. + +The competitiveness and pressure is more apparent when students enter high school, but it is getting more and more common amongst middle school students and even elementary school students. The school day usually runs from around 8:00am to around 4:00pm, and the majority of students continue their studies after school by attending a Hagwon (학원). 학원 usually translates to “private school” in English, but this is not exactly what it is. A private school to me is a school – like a high school/middle school/elementary school – that is not funded by the government. This is true of Hagwons, but Hagwons are not an actual school. They are typically small companies run in offices that teach students after school. As businesses, most decisions are based on money or what makes the Hagwon look good on the outside (especially to parents). + +During the day, at their actual school, students usually sit through lessons with very little activity or hands-on learning. This of course depends on the school, but most schools focus on exams – and any teaching that is not specifically related to solving exam questions is often seen as a waste of time by both students and teachers. A typical semester at school for any given class might have one or two evaluations outside of the final and midterm exams which are called 수행평가, which normally translates to “performance assessment.” The performance assessment usually consists of about 30% of a final grade, and the rest is made up from the midterm (중간고사) and final (기말고사) exams. + +The scores that students receive for a class or on an exam do not determine if they fail or not. It is very rare for a student in Korea to have to re-do a grade at school. Rather, students are ranked with their peers in the same class and grade. If you ask a student about the score he/she received on an exam, he/she would more likely respond by telling you the _rank_ he/she fell in instead of telling you an actual score or percentage. + +This sometimes creates a dilemma for students when selecting a high school. If a slightly-above-average student chooses to enter (and is accepted) to one of the top high schools, his grades may rank him at the bottom of pack when compared to other students in the same grade. However, if that same student enters a regular high school, his scores might be near the top of the pack in the same grade. + +The three years of studying in high school ends when students write the Korean version of the SAT, 대학수학능력시험 (commonly referred to as 수능) sometime in mid-November each year. Most of the basis for getting into University is based on a student’s score on this test – and there is only one test per year. As such, students are under an extreme amount of pressure to do well. If you do poorly on the test you can re-write it, but you have to wait another year. Writing the test again is colloquially called “재수” (재 (再) is the Hanja which means “re-do” or “re-..”). A student who writes the test again is called a “재수생.” + +All of this pressure and the desire to do well – whether good or bad – causes Korean students do study hard. Korean students are one of the brightest in the world, and are incredibly diligent in their studies. + +That’s it for this lesson. [Click here to check out our next Theme Lesson.](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/theme/transportation/ "(Theme) Unit 1: #2 – Transportation") + +Have something you want to include? Want to know how to say a sentence in Korean? Post in the [thread designated to this specific lesson](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=252) in our [Forum](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/forum/), and we will add it to this lesson. diff --git a/docs/index.md b/docs/index.md index d7ef961..aeb50bd 100644 --- a/docs/index.md +++ b/docs/index.md @@ -11,6 +11,8 @@ hero: ## [Themes](./howtostudykorean/theme/index.md) +- [School](./howtostudykorean/theme/school.md) + ## Unit 1 - [Lesson 1: Basic Sentences](./howtostudykorean/unit-1/01-sentences.md)