diff --git a/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/08-adverbs.md b/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/08-adverbs.md index bf3d796..08583c2 100644 --- a/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/08-adverbs.md +++ b/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/08-adverbs.md @@ -4,52 +4,57 @@ ### Nouns -기계 = machine +기계 = machine
Examples: -그 **기계**는 너무 무거워요 = That **machine** is very heavy -회사는 **기계**를 대체했어 = The company replaced the **machine** + +- 그 **기계**는 너무 무거워요 = That **machine** is very heavy +- 회사는 **기계**를 대체했어 = The company replaced the **machine**
-대학교 = college, university +대학교 = college, university
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “대학꾜” Common Usages: -대학생 = university student -대학교를 다니다 = to attend a university -서울대학교 = Seoul National University + +- 대학생 = university student +- 대학교를 다니다 = to attend a university +- 서울대학교 = Seoul National University Examples: -저는 서울**대학교**를 다녀요 = I go to (attend) Seoul University -한국에서 **대학교**는 고등학교보다 덜 어려워요 = In Korea, **University** is not as hard as high school -어느 **대학교**를 다녀요? = Which **university** do you go to? -어느 **대학교**를 졸업했어요? = Which **university** did you graduate from? -저는 10년 전에 서울**대학교**를 졸업했어요 = I graduated from Seoul **University** 10 years ago -**대학교**에 가고 싶다면 열심히 공부해야 해요 = If you want to go to **university**, you have to study hard -아들이 **대학교**를 졸업해서 우리는 축하를 해야 돼요 = Now that our son has graduated from **University**, we need to congratulate him -원래 대학교에 갈 계획이 있었지만 수능을 잘 못 봐서 대학교에 갈 수 없었어요 = I had plans to go to **university**, but I couldn’t get in because I did poorly on the SAT test + +- 저는 서울**대학교**를 다녀요 = I go to (attend) Seoul University +- 한국에서 **대학교**는 고등학교보다 덜 어려워요 = In Korea, **University** is not as hard as high school +- 어느 **대학교**를 다녀요? = Which **university** do you go to? +- 어느 **대학교**를 졸업했어요? = Which **university** did you graduate from? +- 저는 10년 전에 서울**대학교**를 졸업했어요 = I graduated from Seoul **University** 10 years ago +- **대학교**에 가고 싶다면 열심히 공부해야 해요 = If you want to go to **university**, you have to study hard +- 아들이 **대학교**를 졸업해서 우리는 축하를 해야 돼요 = Now that our son has graduated from **University**, we need to congratulate him +- 원래 대학교에 갈 계획이 있었지만 수능을 잘 못 봐서 대학교에 갈 수 없었어요 = I had plans to go to **university**, but I couldn’t get in because I did poorly on the SAT test
-트럭 = truck +트럭 = truck
Notes: -Korean pronunciation of the English word “truck” + +- Korean pronunciation of the English word “truck” Example: -그 고속도로에서 **트럭**을 운전해서는 안 돼요 = You must not drive a **truck** on that highway + +- 그 고속도로에서 **트럭**을 운전해서는 안 돼요 = You must not drive a **truck** on that highway
-검은색 = (the color) black +검은색 = (the color) black
@@ -58,156 +63,172 @@ Notes: This is a combination of the adjective “검다” (black) and “색” When Korean people describe something by color in English, they will often say something like “I like the black-colored shirt.” This is the result of them directly translating “검은색 셔츠,” whereas in English we would just say “black shirt.” Examples: -At the end of a sentence: 저의 차는 **검은색**이에요 = My car is black -_(Notice 이다 is used because 검은색 is a noun)_ -Before a noun: 저는 **검은색** 차를 좋아해요 = I like **black** cars +At the end of a sentence: + +- 저의 차는 **검은색**이에요 = My car is black + - _(Notice 이다 is used because 검은색 is a noun)_ + +Before a noun: + +- 저는 **검은색** 차를 좋아해요 = I like **black** cars
-흰색 = (the color) white +흰색 = (the color) white
Notes: -See “black” above. 흰색 is a combination of “희다” and “색” + +- See “black” above. 흰색 is a combination of “희다” and “색” Example: -**흰색** 셔츠를 입은 여자가 예뻐요 = The girl wearing the **white** shirt is pretty -**흰색** 구두를 신고 있다 = I am wearing **white** shoes/boots + +- **흰색** 셔츠를 입은 여자가 예뻐요 = The girl wearing the **white** shirt is pretty +- **흰색** 구두를 신고 있다 = I am wearing **white** shoes/boots
-음료수 = beverage, drink +음료수 = beverage, drink
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “음뇨수” Notes: -This is commonly used to refer to drinks like Coke, cider (which is similar to Sprite) and other carbonated beverages. + +- This is commonly used to refer to drinks like Coke, cider (which is similar to Sprite) and other carbonated beverages. Example: -**음료수**를 주문할래요? = Shall we order some **drinks**? -이 뷔페가격은 음료수를 포함해요 = This buffet price includes dinks + +- **음료수**를 주문할래요? = Shall we order some **drinks**? +- 이 뷔페가격은 음료수를 포함해요 = This buffet price includes dinks
-외국 = foreign country +외국 = foreign country
Common Usages: -외국인 = foreigner -외국 사람 = foreigner -외국어 = foreign language + +- 외국인 = foreigner +- 외국 사람 = foreigner +- 외국어 = foreign language Examples: -저는 1년 동안 영어를 **외국**에서 공부했어요 = I studied English in a **foreign** **country** for 1 year -저는 2년 동안 **외국**에서 살았어요 = I lived in a foreign country for 2 years + +- 저는 1년 동안 영어를 **외국**에서 공부했어요 = I studied English in a **foreign** **country** for 1 year +- 저는 2년 동안 **외국**에서 살았어요 = I lived in a foreign country for 2 years
-외국인 = foreigner +외국인 = foreigner
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “외구긴” Example: -의정부에서 **외국인**이 많아요 = There are a lot of **foreigners** in Uijeongbu + +- 의정부에서 **외국인**이 많아요 = There are a lot of **foreigners** in Uijeongbu
-고등학교 = high school +고등학교 = high school
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “고등학꾜” Common Usages: -고등학생 = high school student -고등학교를 다니다 = to attend a high school + +- 고등학생 = high school student +- 고등학교를 다니다 = to attend a high school Example: -저는 **고등학교**를 다니고 있어요 = I am attending a high school -우리 딸은 그 **고등학교**를 다녀요 = Our daughter attends that high school -한국에서 대학교는 **고등학교**보다 덜 어려워요 = In Korea, University is not as hard as high school -중학교 또는 **고등학교**를 다녀요? = Do you go to middle school or **high school**? -**고등학교**는 한국에서 어려워요 = **High school** is difficult in Korea -그 선생님은 국립**고등학교**에서 일하셔요 = That teacher works at a public (**high) school** + +- 저는 **고등학교**를 다니고 있어요 = I am attending a high school +- 우리 딸은 그 **고등학교**를 다녀요 = Our daughter attends that high school +- 한국에서 대학교는 **고등학교**보다 덜 어려워요 = In Korea, University is not as hard as high school +- 중학교 또는 **고등학교**를 다녀요? = Do you go to middle school or **high school**? +- **고등학교**는 한국에서 어려워요 = **High school** is difficult in Korea +- 그 선생님은 국립**고등학교**에서 일하셔요 = That teacher works at a public **(high) school**
-도서관 = library +도서관 = library
Examples: -저는 **도서관**에 어제 갔어요 = I went to the **library** yesterday -**도서관**이 조용해서 거기서 공부하고 싶어요 = I want to study at the **library** because it is quiet -내일 **도서관**에 갈까? = Shall we go to the **library** tomorrow? + +- 저는 **도서관**에 어제 갔어요 = I went to the **library** yesterday +- **도서관**이 조용해서 거기서 공부하고 싶어요 = I want to study at the **library** because it is quiet +- 내일 **도서관**에 갈까? = Shall we go to the **library** tomorrow?
-곳 = place +곳 = place
Common Usages: -이곳 = this place (here) -그곳 = that place (there) -저곳 = that place (there) -곳곳 = here and there, everywhere -Example: 그**곳**에 사람이 없어요 = There are no people at that place -저는 제가 자주 가는 **곳**에 가고 있어요 = I am going to the **place** I often go to -여기가 내가 근무하던 **곳**이야 = This place (here) is the **place** that I worked -우리가 지난 번에 먹었던 **곳**에서 먹고 싶어요 = I want to eat at the **place** that we ate at last time +- 이곳 = this place (here) +- 그곳 = that place (there) +- 저곳 = that place (there) +- 곳곳 = here and there, everywhere -이**곳**에 근무하던 우체국 직원이 삶을 영원히 포기했어요 -= The worker/employee who used to work at this post-office gave up on his life forever +Example: -하지만 펭귄이 있는 **곳**은 동물원 입구에서 멀다고 하니 아빠와 나는 우선 다른 동물들을 먼저 봤다 -= But (because) the **place** the penguins are was said to be far from the zoo entrance, so Dad and I saw other animals first +- 그**곳**에 사람이 없어요 = There are no people at that place +- 저는 제가 자주 가는 **곳**에 가고 있어요 = I am going to the **place** I often go to +- 여기가 내가 근무하던 **곳**이야 = This place (here) is the **place** that I worked +- 우리가 지난 번에 먹었던 **곳**에서 먹고 싶어요 = I want to eat at the **place** that we ate at last time +- 이**곳**에 근무하던 우체국 직원이 삶을 영원히 포기했어요 + - The worker/employee who used to work at this post-office gave up on his life forever +- 하지만 펭귄이 있는 **곳**은 동물원 입구에서 멀다고 하니 아빠와 나는 우선 다른 동물들을 먼저 봤다 + - But (because) the **place** the penguins are was said to be far from the zoo entrance, so Dad and I saw other animals first
-동시 = same time +동시 = same time
-Examples: 모든 학생들은 **동시**에 교실에서 나왔어요 -= All the students came out of the classroom at the **same time** - -대학교 때 **동시**에 여자 친구가 두 명 있었어요 -= I had two girlfriends at the **same time** during university - -인터넷으로 **동시**에 수백 개의 물품을 사서는 안 돼요 -= You shouldn’t buy hundreds of items from the internet at the **same time** - -이 프로그램이 10개의 나라에서 **동시**에 방송되고 있다 -= This program is being broadcasted in 10 countries **simultaneously** - -사랑, 성공, 명예 모두를 **동시**에 성취하는 일은 쉽지 않아서 우선순위를 정하는 게 중요해요 -= It is not easy to achieve love, success and honor all at the **same time**, so it is important to prioritize them - -
- -밤 = night - -
- -Common Usages: -오늘 밤 = tonight -어젯밤 = last night -내일 밤 = tomorrow night - Examples: -오늘 **밤**에 뭐 할 거예요? = What are you doing to**night**? -저는 아침부터 **밤**까지 공부만 했어요 = From morning to **night**, I only studied -저는 **밤**에만 운동해요 = I exercise only at night -오늘 **밤**에 뭐 하고 싶어요? = What do you want to do **tonight**? + +- 모든 학생들은 **동시**에 교실에서 나왔어요 + - All the students came out of the classroom at the **same time** +- 대학교 때 **동시**에 여자 친구가 두 명 있었어요 + - I had two girlfriends at the **same time** during university +- 인터넷으로 **동시**에 수백 개의 물품을 사서는 안 돼요 + - You shouldn’t buy hundreds of items from the internet at the **same time** +- 이 프로그램이 10개의 나라에서 **동시**에 방송되고 있다 + - This program is being broadcasted in 10 countries **simultaneously** +- 사랑, 성공, 명예 모두를 **동시**에 성취하는 일은 쉽지 않아서 우선순위를 정하는 게 중요해요 + - It is not easy to achieve love, success and honor all at the **same time**, so it is important to prioritize them + +
+ +밤 = night + +
+ +Common Usages: + +- 오늘 밤 = tonight +- 어젯밤 = last night +- 내일 밤 = tomorrow night + +Examples: + +- 오늘 **밤**에 뭐 할 거예요? = What are you doing to**night**? +- 저는 아침부터 **밤**까지 공부만 했어요 = From morning to **night**, I only studied +- 저는 **밤**에만 운동해요 = I exercise only at night +- 오늘 **밤**에 뭐 하고 싶어요? = What do you want to do **tonight**? [This word appears in my Korean Sign Explanation Video 5.] @@ -215,7 +236,7 @@ Examples:
-어젯밤 = last night +어젯밤 = last night
@@ -224,24 +245,27 @@ The pronunciation of this word is closer to “어제빰” Notes: When two nouns are combined together to make one noun, and the first noun does not end in a consonant, the consonant ‘ㅅ’ is added purely for ease of pronunciation. Examples: -우리는 **어젯밤**에 밥을 많이 먹었어요 = We ate a lot last night -저는 **어젯밤**에 잘 잤어요 = I slept well last night -저는 **어젯밤**에 이상한 꿈을 꿨어요 = I had a strange dream **last night** + +- 우리는 **어젯밤**에 밥을 많이 먹었어요 = We ate a lot last night +- 저는 **어젯밤**에 잘 잤어요 = I slept well last night +- 저는 **어젯밤**에 이상한 꿈을 꿨어요 = I had a strange dream **last night**
-낮 = daytime +낮 = daytime
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “낟” Common Usages: -낮잠을 자다 = to take a nap (day sleep) + +- 낮잠을 자다 = to take a nap (day sleep) Example: -그 사람은 일을 안 하고 **낮**에 잠을 자기만 해요 = That person doesn’t work and just sleeps during the day -저는 커피를 **낮**에만 마셔요 = I drink coffee only during **the** **day** + +- 그 사람은 일을 안 하고 **낮**에 잠을 자기만 해요 = That person doesn’t work and just sleeps during the day +- 저는 커피를 **낮**에만 마셔요 = I drink coffee only during **the** **day** [This word appears in my Korean Sign Explanation Video 5.] @@ -249,58 +273,66 @@ Example:
-동 = East +동 = East
Common Usages: -동양 = the East -동양문명 = Eastern Civilization + +- 동양 = the East +- 동양문명 = Eastern Civilization Example: -토론토는 **동양**시장이 많아요 = Toronto has a lot of **Eastern** (Oriental) markets + +- 토론토는 **동양**시장이 많아요 = Toronto has a lot of **Eastern** (Oriental) markets
-남 = South +남 = South
Common Usages: -남아메리카 = South America -남극 = South Pole -남극대륙 = Antarctica + +- 남아메리카 = South America +- 남극 = South Pole +- 남극대륙 = Antarctica Example: -부산은 한국 **남**쪽에 있어요 = Busan is in the **south** of Korea + +- 부산은 한국 **남**쪽에 있어요 = Busan is in the **south** of Korea
-서 = West +서 = West
Common Usages: -서양 = the West -서양문명 = Western Civilization + +- 서양 = the West +- 서양문명 = Western Civilization Example: -**서양사람들**은 동양사람들과 달라요 = **Western** people are different than Eastern people + +- **서양사람들**은 동양사람들과 달라요 = **Western** people are different than Eastern people
-북 = North +북 = North
Common Usages: -북아메리카 = North America -북극 = North Pole -북극곰 = polar bear -북한 = the name of “North Korea” to South Korean people + +- 북아메리카 = North America +- 북극 = North Pole +- 북극곰 = polar bear +- 북한 = the name of “North Korea” to South Korean people Example: -의정부는 서울 **북**쪽에 있어요 = Uijeongbu is **north** of Seoul + +- 의정부는 서울 **북**쪽에 있어요 = Uijeongbu is **north** of Seoul