diff --git a/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/09-conjugate-이다.md b/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/09-conjugate-이다.md index b37cd23..26f5f80 100644 --- a/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/09-conjugate-이다.md +++ b/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/09-conjugate-이다.md @@ -412,26 +412,31 @@ Example:
One of the usages of 되다 is to make a verb change to the passive voice. This is introduced in [Lesson 14](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-9-16/lesson-14-korean-passive-verbs/). For example: -점심이 학교에 준비되었어요 = The lunch was provided by the school + +- 점심이 학교에 준비되었어요 = The lunch was provided by the school In addition to this, there are many ways 되다 can be used. This is just a small sample: -To indicate that one becomes something: -미래에 저는 의사가 **되**고 싶어요 = I want to **be** a doctor in the future -저는 언젠가 선생님이 **되**고 싶어요 = I want to **become** a teacher someday +To indicate that one becomes something: -To indicate that you have been doing something for a certain amount of time: -밥을 먹은 지 5분 **됐어요** = I have been eating for 5 minutes -운동한 지 오래 **됐어요**? = Have you been exercising for a long time? +- 미래에 저는 의사가 **되**고 싶어요 = I want to **be** a doctor in the future +- 저는 언젠가 선생님이 **되**고 싶어요 = I want to **become** a teacher someday -To indicate that something that something is “ready” or “done” or “finished” -밥이 아직 안 **됐어요** = The rice isn’t ready yet -저는 갈 준비 **됐어요** = I am ready to go -Wifi가 잘 안 **돼요** = The WiFi doesn’t work well +To indicate that you have been doing something for a certain amount of time: -To indicate that one can or cannot do something: -지금 가도 **돼요**? = May I go now? -안 가도 **돼요** = You don’t have to go +- 밥을 먹은 지 5분 **됐어요** = I have been eating for 5 minutes +- 운동한 지 오래 **됐어요**? = Have you been exercising for a long time? + +To indicate that something that something is “ready” or “done” or “finished”: + +- 밥이 아직 안 **됐어요** = The rice isn’t ready yet +- 저는 갈 준비 **됐어요** = I am ready to go +- Wifi가 잘 안 **돼요** = The WiFi doesn’t work well + +To indicate that one can or cannot do something: + +- 지금 가도 **돼요**? = May I go now? +- 안 가도 **돼요** = You don’t have to go
@@ -444,12 +449,14 @@ This word appears in Korean Sign Explanation [Video 14] Common Usages: -~기 시작하다 = to start to do a verb (see [Lesson 29](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-2-lower-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-2-lessons-26-33/lesson-29/)) + +- ~기 시작하다 = to start to do a verb (see [Lesson 29](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-2-lower-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-2-lessons-26-33/lesson-29/)) Example: -그는 밥을 벌써 먹기 **시작했어요** = He **started** eating already -수업이 4시쯤에 **시작될** 예정이에요 = The class is scheduled to **start** at about 4:00pm -저는 아무 때나 일을 **시작할** 준비됐어요 = I am ready to **start** working any time + +- 그는 밥을 벌써 먹기 **시작했어요** = He **started** eating already +- 수업이 4시쯤에 **시작될** 예정이에요 = The class is scheduled to **start** at about 4:00pm +- 저는 아무 때나 일을 **시작할** 준비됐어요 = I am ready to **start** working any time @@ -457,16 +464,19 @@ Example:
-The noun form of this word (“행동”) translates to “an action.” +The noun form of this word (“행동”) translates to “an action.” -Notes: This meaning is not “to act” in the sense of an actor or actress. Instead, this meaning is similar to somebody doing something, for example: “act responsibly”. +Notes: + +This meaning is not “to act” in the sense of an actor or actress. Instead, this meaning is similar to somebody doing something, for example: “act responsibly”. Example: -부모님 앞에서 그렇게 **행동하**지 마세요 = Don’t **act** that way in front of your parents -저는 과거에 그런 **행동**을 많이 했어요 = I **acted** like that a lot in the past -그는 실망스럽게 **행동했어요** = He **acted** disappointingly (in a disappointed way) -그 사람은 가난한 사람인 것처럼 **행동했어요** = That person **acted** like a poor person -내 **행동**은 실수인 것을 깨달았어 = I realized that my **actions** (what I did) is/was a mistake + +- 부모님 앞에서 그렇게 **행동하**지 마세요 = Don’t **act** that way in front of your parents +- 저는 과거에 그런 **행동**을 많이 했어요 = I **acted** like that a lot in the past +- 그는 실망스럽게 **행동했어요** = He **acted** disappointingly (in a disappointed way) +- 그 사람은 가난한 사람인 것처럼 **행동했어요** = That person **acted** like a poor person +- 내 **행동**은 실수인 것을 깨달았어 = I realized that my **actions** (what I did) is/was a mistake
@@ -475,11 +485,13 @@ Example:
Common Usages: -소개팅 = a blind date -소개시키다 = to introduce somebody to somebody else + +- 소개팅 = a blind date +- 소개시키다 = to introduce somebody to somebody else Example: -저는 여자친구를 가족한테 **소개했어요** = I **introduced** my girlfriend to my family + +- 저는 여자친구를 가족한테 **소개했어요** = I **introduced** my girlfriend to my family
@@ -487,14 +499,16 @@ Example:
-The noun form of this word (“발견”) translates to “a discovery.” +The noun form of this word (“발견”) translates to “a discovery.” Common Usages: -발견자 = discoverer + +- 발견자 = discoverer Example: -벤자민 프랭클린은 전기를 **발견했어요** = Benjamin Franklin **discovered** electricity -옛날 사람들은 불을 **발견했어요** = People from a long time ago (ancient people) **discovered** fire + +- 벤자민 프랭클린은 전기를 **발견했어요** = Benjamin Franklin **discovered** electricity +- 옛날 사람들은 불을 **발견했어요** = People from a long time ago (ancient people) **discovered** fire
@@ -503,8 +517,9 @@ Example:
Example: -저는 친구를 **방문하**러 한국에 갔어요 = I went to Korean to **visit** my friend -나는 너를 다음 번에 **방문할** 거야 = I will **visit** you next time + +- 저는 친구를 **방문하**러 한국에 갔어요 = I went to Korean to **visit** my friend +- 나는 너를 다음 번에 **방문할** 거야 = I will **visit** you next time
@@ -513,14 +528,16 @@ Example:
Common Usages: -잃어버리다 = to lose, but with a stronger negative emphasis -길을 잃다 = to get lost (literally “to lose the road” -정신을 잃다 = to go crazy (literally “to lose one’s mind”) -기억을 잃다 = to lose one’s memory + +- 잃어버리다 = to lose, but with a stronger negative emphasis +- 길을 잃다 = to get lost (literally “to lose the road” +- 정신을 잃다 = to go crazy (literally “to lose one’s mind”) +- 기억을 잃다 = to lose one’s memory Example: -저는 열쇠를 **잃어버렸어요** = I **lost** my keys -사람 네 명은 목숨을 **잃었다** = four people **lost** their lives (four people died) + +- 저는 열쇠를 **잃어버렸어요** = I **lost** my keys +- 사람 네 명은 목숨을 **잃었다** = four people **lost** their lives (four people died)
@@ -532,21 +549,26 @@ Sometimes you will find two verbs connected by “~아/어”. This grammatical A basic explanation for now is that “~아/어” essentially has no real meaning, and that the meaning of both verbs comes out. “버리다” is probably the most common verb that you will find after a verb and ~아/어. Constructions in this format “(verb + ~아/어 + 버리다) add emotion to a sentence. The emotion is as if something was “thrown away” or done without any real thinking of the consequences. Some quick examples: -끄다= to turn off -꺼 버리다= to turn off (with that added emotion) +- 끄다 = to turn off +- 꺼 버리다 = to turn off (with that added emotion) -가다= to go -가 버리다= to go (with that added emotion) +--- -잊다= to forget -잊어버리다= to forget (with that added emotion) +- 가다 = to go +- 가 버리다 = to go (with that added emotion) -Notice that 잃어버리다 and 잊어버리다 are actually independent words – whereas the other examples include a space (two verbs with a grammatical principle separating them) +--- + +- 잊다 = to forget +- 잊어버리다 = to forget (with that added emotion) + +Notice that 잃어버리다 and 잊어버리다 are actually independent words – whereas the other examples include a space (two verbs with a grammatical principle separating them) Examples: -저는 열쇠를 **잃어버렸어요** = I **lost** my keys -저는 아이를 **잃어버려**서 걱정이 되었어요= I was worried because I **lost** the baby) -저는 친구의 집에서 열쇠를 **잃어버렸어요** = I **lost** my keys at a friend’s house + +- 저는 열쇠를 **잃어버렸어요** = I **lost** my keys +- 저는 아이를 **잃어버려**서 걱정이 되었어요= I was worried because I **lost** the baby) +- 저는 친구의 집에서 열쇠를 **잃어버렸어요** = I **lost** my keys at a friend’s house @@ -555,26 +577,26 @@ Examples:
Common Usages: -옷을 입다 = to put on one’s clothes -따뜻하게 입다 = to dress warmly -갈아입다 = to change clothes + +- 옷을 입다 = to put on one’s clothes +- 따뜻하게 입다 = to dress warmly +- 갈아입다 = to change clothes Notes: -The word 입히다 is used when you are putting the clothes on somebody else + +The word 입히다 is used when you are putting the clothes on somebody else Examples: -저는 보통 **까만** 양복을 **입어요** = I usually **wear** **black** suits -그 셔츠를 탈의실에서 **입어** 봤어요 = I **tried on** that shirt in the change room -이 셔츠가 너무 작아서 못 **입어요** = I can’t put this shirt on because it is too small -학생들이 교복을 입기 때문에 다 똑같은 옷을 입었어요 -= All the students **wore** exactly the same clothes because they wear uniforms - -결혼식에서 이 셔츠가 너무 이상해 보일까 봐 화려한 것을 입었어요 -= I was worried that this shirt would look too weird at the wedding, so I **put** on a more colorful/fancy one - -지난 겨울에는 이 자켓을 **입었는데** 너무 추워서 이번에는 패딩을 샀어요 -= Last winter I **wore** this jacket but it was too cold, so this time I bought a thick, padded winter jacket +- 저는 보통 **까만** 양복을 **입어요** = I usually **wear** black suits +- 그 셔츠를 탈의실에서 **입어** 봤어요 = I **tried on** that shirt in the change room +- 이 셔츠가 너무 작아서 못 **입어요** = I can’t **put** this shirt **on** because it is too small +- 학생들이 교복을 입기 때문에 다 똑같은 옷을 입었어요 + - All the students **wore** exactly the same clothes because they wear uniforms +- 결혼식에서 이 셔츠가 너무 이상해 보일까 봐 화려한 것을 입었어요 + - I was worried that this shirt would look too weird at the wedding, so I **put** on a more colorful/fancy one +- 지난 겨울에는 이 자켓을 **입었는데** 너무 추워서 이번에는 패딩을 샀어요 + - Last winter I **wore** this jacket but it was too cold, so this time I bought a thick, padded winter jacket
@@ -583,13 +605,17 @@ Examples:
Common Usages: -옷을 벗다 = to take off one’s clothes -Notes: The word 벗기다 is used when you are taking the clothes off of somebody else +- 옷을 벗다 = to take off one’s clothes + +Notes: + +The word 벗기다 is used when you are taking the clothes off of somebody else Example: -저는 저의 옷을 **벗었어요** = I **took off** my clothes -한국 사람들은 집에 들어가기 전에 신발을 **벗어요** = Korean people **take off** their shoes before entering one’s house + +- 저는 저의 옷을 **벗었어요** = I **took off** my clothes +- 한국 사람들은 집에 들어가기 전에 신발을 **벗어요** = Korean people **take off** their shoes before entering one’s house
@@ -598,12 +624,14 @@ Example:
Common Usages: -웃음 = laughter, a smile -웃게 해 주다 = to make somebody laugh + +- 웃음 = laughter, a smile +- 웃게 해 주다 = to make somebody laugh Example: -**웃**지 마세요! = Please don’t **laugh**! -그 여자가 하나도 안 **웃었어요** = That girl didn’t **laugh** at all + +- **웃**지 마세요! = Please don’t **laugh**! +- 그 여자가 하나도 안 **웃었어요** = That girl didn’t **laugh** at all
@@ -615,13 +643,17 @@ Example: 부끄럽다 follows the ㅂ irregular -Notes: This word is more common than you would think. Korean people are generally very shy and thus, this word is used a lot. It is an irregular adjective. See Lesson 7 for more information. +Notes: -Example: 제가 너무 **부끄러워서** 발표를 못해요 = I can’t do presentations because I am so **shy** +This word is more common than you would think. Korean people are generally very shy and thus, this word is used a lot. It is an irregular adjective. See Lesson 7 for more information. + +Example: + +- 제가 너무 **부끄러워서** 발표를 못해요 = I can’t do presentations because I am so **shy** The addition of ~아/어하다 is commonly done when the speaker is not the person who is shy. This grammar is explained in [Lesson 105](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-5/lessons-101-108/lesson-105a/) -**부끄러워하지** 마세요 = Don’t be **shy**! +- **부끄러워하지** 마세요 = Don’t be **shy**! @@ -629,20 +661,22 @@ The addition of ~아/어하다 is commonly done when the speaker is not the pers
-The noun form of this word (“건강”) translates to “health.” +The noun form of this word (“건강”) translates to “health.” Common Usages: -건강에 좋다 = healthy -건강에 나쁘다 = unhealthy -건강 검진 = health check up -건강보험 = health insurance + +- 건강에 좋다 = healthy +- 건강에 나쁘다 = unhealthy +- 건강 검진 = health check up +- 건강보험 = health insurance Example: -담배는 **건강**에 나빠요 = Cigarettes are bad for your **health** (unhealthy) -저의 아버지는 **건강한** 사람이었어요 = My dad was a **healthy** person -저는 내일부터 **건강한** 음식만 먹을 거예요 = From tomorrow, I am going to eat only **healthy** food -그 음식은 **건강**에 나쁜 것 같아요 = That food seems to be unhealthy -스파게티를 많이 먹는 것이 **건강**에 좋은지 나쁜지 몰라요 = I don’t know if eating a lot of spaghetti is **good or bad for you** + +- 담배는 **건강**에 나빠요 = Cigarettes are bad for your **health** (unhealthy) +- 저의 아버지는 **건강한** 사람이었어요 = My dad was a **healthy** person +- 저는 내일부터 **건강한** 음식만 먹을 거예요 = From tomorrow, I am going to eat only **healthy** food +- 그 음식은 **건강**에 나쁜 것 같아요 = That food seems to be unhealthy +- 스파게티를 많이 먹는 것이 **건강**에 좋은지 나쁜지 몰라요 = I don’t know if eating a lot of spaghetti is **good or bad for you**
@@ -653,9 +687,10 @@ Example:
Example: -저는 **이제** 갈 거예요 = I’m going now -우리 애기는 **이제** 2살이에요 = Our baby is **now** 2 years old -저는 **이제** 더 읽기 싫어요 = (**Now**), I don’t want to read anymore + +- 저는 **이제** 갈 거예요 = I’m going now +- 우리 애기는 **이제** 2살이에요 = Our baby is **now** 2 years old +- 저는 **이제** 더 읽기 싫어요 = (**Now**), I don’t want to read anymore
@@ -664,11 +699,16 @@ Example:
Common Usages: -현재까지는 = until now -Notes: Generally a wider length of time than “지금” or “이제” +- 현재까지는 = until now -Example: **현재** 날씨는 평소보다 조금 추워요 = The **present**/**recent** weather is colder than normal +Notes: + +Generally a wider length of time than “지금” or “이제” + +Example: + +- **현재** 날씨는 평소보다 조금 추워요 = The **present**/**recent** weather is colder than normal