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docs/howtostudykorean/unit-2/26-describing-nouns-with-verbs.md
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@@ -5,9 +5,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Lesson26v2.mp3
en: middle aged/older woman
notes: |
<p>The word "아주머니" is commonly used as well</p>
<p>아줌마 and 아주머니 are commonly used to refer to an older woman that you don't know the name of, or even do know the name of but aren't close enough to call her by her name. This also extends to older women who work in a restaurant.</p>
<p>The age that you could call a female an "아줌마" is ambiguous, but I would say that somewhere between late-thirties to mid-sixties would be appropriate. Any younger, and you would probably be offending a younger woman by thinking she is too old. Any older, and you are better off calling the woman "할머니."</p>
The word "아주머니" is commonly used as well
아줌마 and 아주머니 are commonly used to refer to an older woman that you don't know the name of, or even do know the name of but aren't close enough to call her by her name. This also extends to older women who work in a restaurant.
The age that you could call a female an "아줌마" is ambiguous, but I would say that somewhere between late-thirties to mid-sixties would be appropriate. Any younger, and you would probably be offending a younger woman by thinking she is too old. Any older, and you are better off calling the woman "할머니."
examples:
- ko: 저는 **아줌마**를 위해 문을 열었어요
en: I opened the door for **an older lady**
@@ -49,8 +51,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Lesson26v6.mp3
en: destination
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "목쩍찌"</p>
<p>As you know, "목적" translates to "goal." 지 is a common Hanja character (地) that refers to land or a place. Together, "목적지" literally refers to the "goal" place or "the place one is headed towards." This is easier translated to just "destination."</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "목쩍찌"
As you know, "목적" translates to "goal." 지 is a common Hanja character (地) that refers to land or a place. Together, "목적지" literally refers to the "goal" place or "the place one is headed towards." This is easier translated to just "destination."
examples:
- ko: 우리가 **목적지**에 거의 도착했어요
en: We have almost arrived at our **destination**
@@ -71,8 +74,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Lesson26v8.mp3
en: neighborhood
notes: |
<p>This word appears in my Korean Sign Explanation Video 5.</p>
<p><YouTube id="wMRfpE9JdUo" /></p>
This word appears in my Korean Sign Explanation Video 5.
<YouTube id="wMRfpE9JdUo" />
examples:
- ko: 여기는 역사적인 **동네**입니다
en: This (here) is a historical **neighborhood**
@@ -109,7 +113,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Lesson26v11.mp3
en: right/correct answer
notes: |
<p>This word is commonly yelled by Korean people if somebody asks a question to a large group. The group is usually students, but they could also be contestants on a game show or some quiz show on TV. It is common for the person who knows the correct answer to raise his/her hand and yell "정답!"</p>
This word is commonly yelled by Korean people if somebody asks a question to a large group. The group is usually students, but they could also be contestants on a game show or some quiz show on TV. It is common for the person who knows the correct answer to raise his/her hand and yell "정답!"
examples:
- ko: 그는 **정답**을 아는 척했어요
en: He pretended to know the **right answer**
@@ -134,7 +138,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Lesson26v13.mp3
en: a certain area or region
notes: |
<p>지역 and 구역 are often confused. 지역 is more about the area of a city or country. Like 경기도 지역 (the area of 경기 province) or something like that. 구역 is more about the area of any other place, like a specific designated area of a building or park or something like that (for example, 견인구역 = tow away zone)</p>
지역 and 구역 are often confused. 지역 is more about the area of a city or country. Like 경기도 지역 (the area of 경기 province) or something like that. 구역 is more about the area of any other place, like a specific designated area of a building or park or something like that (for example, 견인구역 = tow away zone)
examples:
- ko: 우리가 사는 **지역**이 조금 위험해요
en: The **area** we live in is a little bit dangerous
@@ -174,7 +178,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Lesson26v16.mp3
en: player (in sports)
notes: |
<p>In English, we call athletes who play game-like sports "players." For example, a basketball "player." However, other athletes are not called "players," for example, it would be unnatural to call a swimmer a "swimming player." In Korean, the word 선수 is used to refer to any athlete of any sport.</p>
In English, we call athletes who play game-like sports "players." For example, a basketball "player." However, other athletes are not called "players," for example, it would be unnatural to call a swimmer a "swimming player." In Korean, the word 선수 is used to refer to any athlete of any sport.
examples:
- ko: 야구**선수**는 공을 세게 던졌어요
en: The baseball **player** threw the ball hard
@@ -191,8 +195,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Lesson26v17.mp3
en: life
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "목쑴"</p>
<p>This word translates to "life" but is usually used when one 'loses,' 'saves,' or 'dedicates' a life.</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "목쑴"
This word translates to "life" but is usually used when one 'loses,' 'saves,' or 'dedicates' a life.
examples:
- ko: 사람 네 명은 **목숨**을 잃었다
en: Four people lost their **lives**
@@ -212,7 +217,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Lesson26v19.mp3
en: waist
notes: |
<p>Although this typically translates to "waist," Korean people often say "허리(가) 아프다" when their lower-back is sore. For example, if somebody came home after a hard day of work with lots of standing around and/or physical labor, he/she would say "아우! 허리 아파!" In English, it would be unnatural to say "Ahh! My waist hurts!" It would be more natural to say "My back hurts."</p>
Although this typically translates to "waist," Korean people often say "허리(가) 아프다" when their lower-back is sore. For example, if somebody came home after a hard day of work with lots of standing around and/or physical labor, he/she would say "아우! 허리 아파!" In English, it would be unnatural to say "Ahh! My waist hurts!" It would be more natural to say "My back hurts."
examples:
- ko: 하루 종일 일을 해서 이제 **허리**가 아파요
en: My **back** is sore after working all day
@@ -291,7 +296,8 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Lesson26v27.mp3
en: usual, normal, typical
notes: |
<p>This word is usually placed before a noun to describe it as something that is "normal" or "not special." For example: "일반 사람" = "most people (typical people - the people who are typical)"</p>
This word is usually placed before a noun to describe it as something that is "normal" or "not special." For example:
- "일반 사람" = "most people (typical people - the people who are typical)"
examples:
- ko: 고속도로가 막혀서 **일반** 길로 갈 거예요
en: The highway is jammed, so I will take the **normal** road
@@ -302,10 +308,15 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Lesson26v28.mp3
en: space, gap
notes: |
<p>If you place 사이 after nouns, it represents the space between them. For example: "저는 차 두 대 사이에서 서 있어요" = "I am standing between two cars"</p>
<p>It is also used to indicate that the relationship "between" people: "저와 학생들 사이는 좋아요" = "The relationship between my students and me is good"</p>
<p>This word appears in my Korean Sign Explanation Video 5.</p>
<p><YouTube id="wMRfpE9JdUo" /></p>
If you place 사이 after nouns, it represents the space between them. For example:
- "저는 차 두 대 사이에서 서 있어요" = "I am standing between two cars"
It is also used to indicate that the relationship "between" people:
- "저와 학생들 사이는 좋아요" = "The relationship between my students and me is good"
This word appears in my Korean Sign Explanation Video 5.
<YouTube id="wMRfpE9JdUo" />
examples:
- ko: 저는 차 두 대 **사이**에서 서 있어요
en: I am standing **between** two cars
@@ -318,9 +329,13 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Lesson26v29.mp3
en: the outside of something
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "박"</p>
<p>밖 can be placed after a noun to mean "outside" of that noun. For example: "건물 밖에" = "outside the building"</p>
<p>It can also be used on its own to refer to "outside" in general. For example: "밖이 너무 추워요" = "It's so cold outside!"</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "박"
밖 can be placed after a noun to mean "outside" of that noun. For example:
- "건물 밖에" = "outside the building"
It can also be used on its own to refer to "outside" in general. For example:
- "밖이 너무 추워요" = "It's so cold outside!"
examples:
- ko: "**밖**에 일찍 나가려고 숙제를 빨리 했어요"
en: I did my homework fast so that I could go **out (outside)**
@@ -338,8 +353,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Lesson26v30.mp3
en: to peel, cut, trim, shave
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "깍따"</p>
<p>As you can see, there are many possible translations for this word. It generally refers to the action of "cutting" something. In English, depending on what you cut, the word might change.</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "깍따"
As you can see, there are many possible translations for this word. It generally refers to the action of "cutting" something. In English, depending on what you cut, the word might change.
examples:
- ko: "머리를 **깎**았어요?"
en: Did you get a hair**cut**?
@@ -350,8 +366,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Lesson26v31.mp3
en: to recognize, to try to know
notes: |
<p>This word can be used to indicate that one recognizes (or does not recognize) something, usually because of a change in appearance. When used like this, "알아보다" is formed by combining the meanings of the words "알다" (to know) and "보다" (to see). For example: "머리를 깎아서 못 알아봤어요" = "I couldn't recognize you because you cut your hair"</p>
<p>It can also be formed by combining "알다" (to know) with the grammatical principle ~아/어보다 (to try to), which is introduced in Lesson 32. When used like this, the translation is closer to "to try to know," and is often used when somebody looks into something new. For example: "저는 캐나다 숙소를 알아봐야 돼요" = "I need to look into places to stay in Canada"</p>
This word can be used to indicate that one recognizes (or does not recognize) something, usually because of a change in appearance. When used like this, "알아보다" is formed by combining the meanings of the words "알다" (to know) and "보다" (to see). For example:
- "머리를 깎아서 못 알아봤어요" = "I couldn't recognize you because you cut your hair"
It can also be formed by combining "알다" (to know) with the grammatical principle ~아/어보다 (to try to), which is introduced in Lesson 32. When used like this, the translation is closer to "to try to know," and is often used when somebody looks into something new. For example:
- "저는 캐나다 숙소를 알아봐야 돼요" = "I need to look into places to stay in Canada"
examples:
- ko: "머리를 깎아서 못 **알아봤어요**"
en: I couldn't **recognize** you because you cut your hair
@@ -366,8 +385,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Lesson26v32.mp3
en: to overcome
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "극뽀카다"</p>
<p>The noun form of this word ("극복") translates to something like "conquest"</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "극뽀카다"
The noun form of this word ("극복") translates to something like "conquest"
examples:
- ko: "이 문제를 **극복**하는 것이 힘들 거예요"
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Lesson26s10.mp3
@@ -389,8 +409,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Lesson26v34.mp3
en: to pass, to get accepted
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "합껴카다"</p>
<p>The noun form of this word ("합격") translates to something like "acceptance"</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "합껴카다"
The noun form of this word ("합격") translates to something like "acceptance"
examples:
- ko: 그 시험을 **합격**하기 위해 공부를 안 해도 되었다
en: I didn't need to study to **pass** that test
@@ -403,8 +424,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Lesson26v35.mp3
en: to decide
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "결쩡하다"</p>
<p>The noun form of this word ("결정") translates to "a decision."</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "결쩡하다"
The noun form of this word ("결정") translates to "a decision."
examples:
- ko: 미국은 경제적인 **결정**을 했어요
en: The US made an economical **decision**
@@ -425,9 +447,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Lesson26v37.mp3
en: to ask
notes: |
<p>The formal version of this word (when asking a question to somebody who deserves high respect) is 여쭈다 (often combined with ~아/어보다 to say "여쭤보다")</p>
<p>The original word for "to ask" is 묻다, but it is much more commonly used as "물어보다," which puts a spin on the meaning of the word to "to try to ask about" (the grammar of adding ~아/어보다 to a verb is introduced in Lesson 32).</p>
<p>To prevent confusion between "묻다" (to ask) and "물다" (to bite), Korean people often use "물어보다" to mean "to ask."</p>
The formal version of this word (when asking a question to somebody who deserves high respect) is 여쭈다 (often combined with ~아/어보다 to say "여쭤보다")
The original word for "to ask" is 묻다, but it is much more commonly used as "물어보다," which puts a spin on the meaning of the word to "to try to ask about" (the grammar of adding ~아/어보다 to a verb is introduced in Lesson 32).
To prevent confusion between "묻다" (to ask) and "물다" (to bite), Korean people often use "물어보다" to mean "to ask."
examples:
- ko: 저는 점원한테 질문을 **물어봤어요**
en: I **asked** the clerk a question
@@ -470,8 +494,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Lesson26v40.mp3
en: to continue
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "계소카다"</p>
<p>"계속" is used as an adverb that means "always" or "continually/continuously"</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "계소카다"
"계속" is used as an adverb that means "always" or "continually/continuously"
examples:
- ko: 건물을 지나가서 오른 쪽으로 가지 말고 **계속** 직진하세요
en: Go past the building, then don't turn right, but **keep** going straight (**continue** going straight)
@@ -498,9 +523,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Lesson26v42.mp3
en: to answer, to respond
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "다파다"</p>
<p>The noun form of this word ("답") translates to "an answer"</p>
<p>When answering a letter or e-mail, the word "답장하다" is more commonly used.</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "다파다"
The noun form of this word ("답") translates to "an answer"
When answering a letter or e-mail, the word "답장하다" is more commonly used.
examples:
- ko: 시험을 끝내기 전에 **답**을 확인하세요
en: Check your **answers** before finishing the test
@@ -523,8 +550,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Lesson26v44.mp3
en: to be clean
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "깨끄타다"</p>
<p>The adverb form of this verb can be 깨끗하게 or 깨끗이, which both translate to "cleanly"</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "깨끄타다"
The adverb form of this verb can be 깨끗하게 or 깨끗이, which both translate to "cleanly"
examples:
- ko: 이 집은 아주 **깨끗해요**
en: This house is very **clean**
@@ -535,8 +563,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Lesson26v45.mp3
en: to be remaining, to be left over
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "남따"</p>
<p>This word is often used in the present tense, the past tense or with ~아/어 있다 attached. Each has a very similar meaning. For example: "두 개 남아요" = "Two are left"</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "남따"
This word is often used in the present tense, the past tense or with ~아/어 있다 attached. Each has a very similar meaning. For example: "두 개 남아요" = "Two are left"
examples:
- ko: "**남은** 음식을 포장하고 싶어요"
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson26-23.mp3
@@ -555,9 +584,13 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Lesson26v47.mp3
en: free
notes: |
<p>The word 공짜(로) is very similar to 무료(로). 무료 is quite easy to remember if you know the Hanja characters: 無(무) = nothing, without; 料(요/료) = money, fee</p>
<p>When used as an adverb, ~로 is often attached to 무료. For example: "캐나다 사람들은 병원에서 치료를 무료로 받을 수 있어요" = "Canadian people can receive treatment at hospitals free of charge"</p>
<p>It is often placed before a noun, acting like an adjective that describes the upcoming noun. When used like this, ~로 is usually not used. For example: "캐나다 사람들은 병원에서 무료 치료를 받을 수 있어요" = "Canadian people can receive free treatment at hospitals"</p>
The word 공짜(로) is very similar to 무료(로). 무료 is quite easy to remember if you know the Hanja characters: 無(무) = nothing, without; 料(요/료) = money, fee
When used as an adverb, ~로 is often attached to 무료. For example:
- "캐나다 사람들은 병원에서 치료를 무료로 받을 수 있어요" = "Canadian people can receive treatment at hospitals free of charge"
It is often placed before a noun, acting like an adjective that describes the upcoming noun. When used like this, ~로 is usually not used. For example:
- "캐나다 사람들은 병원에서 무료 치료를 받을 수 있어요" = "Canadian people can receive free treatment at hospitals"
examples:
- ko: "병원에서 넘어져서 팔을 다친 아줌마가 약을 **무료**로 받았어요"
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Lesson26s15.mp3
@@ -569,8 +602,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Lesson26v48.mp3
en: business hours
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "영업 씨간"</p>
<p>Although "영업" is a word by itself (which is one meaning of the word "business"), for a beginner of Korean the most common place you will see this word is as "영업 시간," which refers to the time that a business is in operation during the day. You would most likely see this written on a sign outside of a store/restaurant or any type of business to indicate their hours.</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "영업 씨간"
Although "영업" is a word by itself (which is one meaning of the word "business"), for a beginner of Korean the most common place you will see this word is as "영업 시간," which refers to the time that a business is in operation during the day. You would most likely see this written on a sign outside of a store/restaurant or any type of business to indicate their hours.
examples:
- ko: 우리 **영업시간**은 오전 8시부터 오후 5시까지입니다
en: Our **business hours** are from 8 am to 5 pm