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docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/14-passive.md
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@@ -5,8 +5,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson14v1.mp3
en: smell
notes: |
<p>It is hard for an English speaker to understand this word. "냄새" is a noun that means "smell." If you want to say that something is smelly (adjective), you need to use the verb 나다, which is very confusing. 나다 acts as a passive verb which is introduced in Lesson 14.</p>
<p>For a positive/good smell, the word "향" is more commonly used.</p>
It is hard for an English speaker to understand this word. "냄새" is a noun that means "smell." If you want to say that something is smelly (adjective), you need to use the verb 나다, which is very confusing. 나다 acts as a passive verb which is introduced in Lesson 14.
For a positive/good smell, the word "향" is more commonly used.
examples:
- ko: 그 방에서 **냄새**가 나요
en: That room is **smelly** (A **smell** is coming out of that room)
@@ -102,8 +103,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson14v8.mp3
en: memory
notes: |
<p>The verb form of this word translates to "to remember"</p>
<p>The word 나다 is often used to indicate that a memory "comes" up. See Lesson 14 for more information.</p>
The verb form of this word translates to "to remember"
The word 나다 is often used to indicate that a memory "comes" up. See Lesson 14 for more information.
examples:
- ko: 저는 그 사람의 이름이 **기억**이 안 나요
en: I can't **remember** that person's name
@@ -162,9 +164,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson14v13.mp3
en: to turn off
notes: |
<p>The passive form of this word is "꺼지다" (to be turned off)</p>
<p>끄다 follows the ㅡ irregular</p>
<p>~아/어: 꺼, ~ㄴ/은: 끈, ~ㄴ/는다: 끈다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 끕니다, ~ㄹ/을: 끌, ~니: 끄니, ~ㅁ/음: 끔, ~(으)려고: 끄려고, ~(으)시: 끄시, ~(으)면: 끄면, ~(으)니: 끄니</p>
The passive form of this word is "꺼지다" (to be turned off)
끄다 follows the ㅡ irregular
~아/어: 꺼, ~ㄴ/은: 끈, ~ㄴ/는다: 끈다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 끕니다, ~ㄹ/을: 끌, ~니: 끄니, ~ㅁ/음: 끔, ~(으)려고: 끄려고, ~(으)시: 끄시, ~(으)면: 끄면, ~(으)니: 끄니
examples:
- ko: 저는 불을 **껐어요**
en: I **turned** the lights **off**
@@ -175,8 +179,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson14v14.mp3
en: to hide oneself
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "숨따"</p>
<p>This is used when somebody hides his/herself. When hiding an object, 숨기다 is used.</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "숨따"
This is used when somebody hides his/herself. When hiding an object, 숨기다 is used.
examples:
- ko: 저는 큰 박스 뒤에 **숨었어요**
en: I **hid** behind a big box
@@ -185,8 +190,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson14v15.mp3
en: to hide an object
notes: |
<p>When hiding oneself, the word 숨다 is used. For example: "저는 박스 뒤에 숨었어요"</p>
<p>However, when hiding an object, 숨기다 is used.</p>
When hiding oneself, the word 숨다 is used. For example: "저는 박스 뒤에 숨었어요"
However, when hiding an object, 숨기다 is used.
examples:
- ko: 저는 반지를 박스 안에 **숨겼어요**
en: I **hid** the ring in a box
@@ -205,8 +211,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson14v17.mp3
en: to lay an object down
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "노타"</p>
<p>The passive form of this word is "놓이다" (to be placed on something)</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "노타"
The passive form of this word is "놓이다" (to be placed on something)
examples:
- ko: 펜을 탁자에 **놓으세요**!
en: "**Put** your pens on the table!"
@@ -217,9 +224,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson14v18.mp3
en: to lie down
notes: |
<p>눕다 follows the ㅂ irregular</p>
<p>The word 눕히다 is used to indicate that you laid another person down</p>
<p>~아/어: 누워, ~ㄴ/은: 누운, ~ㅂ/습니다: 눕습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 누울, ~니: 누우니, ~ㅁ/음: 누움, ~(으)려고: 누우려고, ~(으)시: 누우시, ~(으)면: 누우면, ~(으)니: 누우니</p>
눕다 follows the ㅂ irregular
The word 눕히다 is used to indicate that you laid another person down
~아/어: 누워, ~ㄴ/은: 누운, ~ㅂ/습니다: 눕습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 누울, ~니: 누우니, ~ㅁ/음: 누움, ~(으)려고: 누우려고, ~(으)시: 누우시, ~(으)면: 누우면, ~(으)니: 누우니
examples:
- ko: 저는 침대에 잠깐 **눕**고 싶어요
en: I want to **lie down** for just a second
@@ -264,7 +273,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson14v22.mp3
en: to include
notes: |
<p>See Lesson 71 for more information</p>
See Lesson 71 for more information
examples:
- ko: 이 가격은 세금을 **포함해요**
en: This price **includes** tax
@@ -277,17 +286,16 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson14v23.mp3
en: to make something come up/arise/occur
notes: |
<p>Words ending in 내다 can usually be switched to end in 나다 to change the meaning from active to passive (and vice-versa). However, not all words ending in 나다 have an equivalent 내다 verb (and vice-versa). 나다 and 내다 can be used as standalone verbs as well as be attached to other words. Both of their meanings are very complex and depend heavily on the situation. When used by itself, it usually translates to "pay" or to "submit". For example:</p>
<ul>
<li>돈을 내다 = to pay (money)</li>
<li>세금을 내다 = to pay taxes</li>
<li>신청 서류를 내다 = to submit an application form</li>
</ul>
<p>However, it can be found attached to many words that also have a 나다 (passive) equivalent:</p>
<ul>
<li>저는 컴퓨터를 고장 냈어요 = I broke the computer</li>
<li>저는 숙제를 끝냈어요 = I finished my homework</li>
</ul>
Words ending in 내다 can usually be switched to end in 나다 to change the meaning from active to passive (and vice-versa). However, not all words ending in 나다 have an equivalent 내다 verb (and vice-versa). 나다 and 내다 can be used as standalone verbs as well as be attached to other words. Both of their meanings are very complex and depend heavily on the situation. When used by itself, it usually translates to "pay" or to "submit". For example:
* 돈을 내다 = to pay (money)
* 세금을 내다 = to pay taxes
* 신청 서류를 내다 = to submit an application form
However, it can be found attached to many words that also have a 나다 (passive) equivalent:
* 저는 컴퓨터를 고장 냈어요 = I broke the computer
* 저는 숙제를 끝냈어요 = I finished my homework
examples:
- ko: 저는 컴퓨터를 고장 **냈어요**
en: I broke the computer
@@ -318,8 +326,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson14v26.mp3
en: to impress
notes: |
<p>The noun form of this word translates to "impression"</p>
<p>More commonly used as 감동받다 (to be impressed) and 감동시키다 (to impress)</p>
The noun form of this word translates to "impression"
More commonly used as 감동받다 (to be impressed) and 감동시키다 (to impress)
examples:
- ko: 저는 당신의 말에 **감동받았어요**
en: I was **impressed** with what you said
@@ -330,7 +339,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson14v27.mp3
en: to stand
notes: |
<p>To indicate that you went from the sitting/lying down position to standing, the word "일어나다" (to get up) should be used.</p>
To indicate that you went from the sitting/lying down position to standing, the word "일어나다" (to get up) should be used.
examples:
- ko: 우리는 한 시간 동안 줄에 **서 있었어요**
en: We were **standing** in the line for an hour
@@ -366,7 +375,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson14v30.mp3
en: to have something you didn't have
notes: |
<p>Words ending in 나다 can usually be switched to end in 내다 to change the meaning from passive to active (and vice-versa). However, not all words ending in 나다 have an equivalent 내다 verb (and vice-versa). 나다 and 내다 can be used as standalone verbs as well as be attached to other words. Both of their meanings are very complex and depend heavily on the situation. I discuss this more deeply in this lesson. Furthermore, a detailed list of many ways 나다 can be used is shown in Lesson 128.</p>
Words ending in 나다 can usually be switched to end in 내다 to change the meaning from passive to active (and vice-versa). However, not all words ending in 나다 have an equivalent 내다 verb (and vice-versa). 나다 and 내다 can be used as standalone verbs as well as be attached to other words. Both of their meanings are very complex and depend heavily on the situation. I discuss this more deeply in this lesson. Furthermore, a detailed list of many ways 나다 can be used is shown in Lesson 128.
examples:
- ko: 좋은 생각이 **났어요**!
en: I **have** a good idea
@@ -404,8 +413,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson14v34.mp3
en: for an object to be lying down
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "노이다"</p>
<p>The active form of this word is "놓다" (to put down)</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "노이다"
The active form of this word is "놓다" (to put down)
examples:
- ko: 펜이 탁자에 **놓여 있어요**
en: The pen is **on** the table (**lying on** the table)
@@ -436,8 +446,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson14v37.mp3
en: to be tricked
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "속따"</p>
<p>The active form of this word is "속이다" (to trick)</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "속따"
The active form of this word is "속이다" (to trick)
examples:
- ko: 저는 친구에게 **속았어요**
en: I was **tricked** by my friend