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docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/12-more-particles.md
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@@ -31,8 +31,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson12v4.mp3
en: noise/sound
notes: |
<p>This word appears in my Korean Sign Explanation Video #1.</p>
<p><YouTube id="5oqbDZymdBM" /></p>
This word appears in my Korean Sign Explanation Video #1.
<YouTube id="5oqbDZymdBM" />
examples:
- ko: 무슨 **소리**예요?
en: What is that **sound**?
@@ -70,9 +71,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson12v8.mp3
en: chicken
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "닥"</p>
<p>Typically, the pronunciation of words with four-letter syllables merge with the pronunciation of an attaching grammatical principle. For example, "값" is pronounced as "kap" but 값을 is pronounced as "갑슬." However, the ㄹ in 닭 is usually not pronounced in these cases. For example, 닭을 is usually pronounced as "닥을" or "다글" and 닭이 is usually pronounced as "다기" or "닥이."</p>
<p>When eating Western style chicken (like in KFC), Korean people use the word "치킨"</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "닥"
Typically, the pronunciation of words with four-letter syllables merge with the pronunciation of an attaching grammatical principle. For example, "값" is pronounced as "kap" but 값을 is pronounced as "갑슬." However, the ㄹ in 닭 is usually not pronounced in these cases. For example, 닭을 is usually pronounced as "닥을" or "다글" and 닭이 is usually pronounced as "다기" or "닥이."
When eating Western style chicken (like in KFC), Korean people use the word "치킨"
examples:
- ko: 그 농장은 **닭**을 키워요
en: That farm raises **chickens**
@@ -128,8 +131,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson12v13.mp3
en: to whisper
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "속싸기다"</p>
<p>~아/어: 속삭여, ~ㄴ/은: 속삭인, ~ㄴ/는다: 속삭인다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 속삭입니다, ~ㄹ/을: 속삭일, ~니: 속삭이니, ~ㅁ/음: 속삭임, ~(으)려고: 속삭이려고, ~(으)시: 속삭이시, ~(으)면: 속삭이면, ~(으)니: 속삭이니</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "속싸기다"
~아/어: 속삭여, ~ㄴ/은: 속삭인, ~ㄴ/는다: 속삭인다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 속삭입니다, ~ㄹ/을: 속삭일, ~니: 속삭이니, ~ㅁ/음: 속삭임, ~(으)려고: 속삭이려고, ~(으)시: 속삭이시, ~(으)면: 속삭이면, ~(으)니: 속삭이니
examples:
- ko: 저는 그녀의 귀에 **속삭였어요**
en: I **whispered** into her ear
@@ -148,7 +152,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson12v15.mp3
en: to change
notes: |
<p>~아/어: 바꿔, ~ㄴ/은: 바꾼, ~ㄴ/는다: 바꾼다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 바꿉니다, ~ㄹ/을: 바꿀, ~니: 바꾸니, ~ㅁ/음: 바꿈, ~(으)려고: 바꾸려고, ~(으)시: 바꾸시, ~(으)면: 바꾸면, ~(으)니: 바꾸니</p>
~아/어: 바꿔, ~ㄴ/은: 바꾼, ~ㄴ/는다: 바꾼다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 바꿉니다, ~ㄹ/을: 바꿀, ~니: 바꾸니, ~ㅁ/음: 바꿈, ~(으)려고: 바꾸려고, ~(으)시: 바꾸시, ~(으)면: 바꾸면, ~(으)니: 바꾸니
examples:
- ko: 우리는 계획을 **바꿔**야 돼요
en: We have to **change** our plans
@@ -174,7 +178,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson12v17.mp3
en: to fall
notes: |
<p>~아/어: 넘어져, ~ㄴ/은: 넘어진, ~ㄴ/는다: 넘어진다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 넘어집니다, ~ㄹ/을: 넘어질, ~니: 넘어지니, ~ㅁ/음: 넘어짐, ~(으)려고: 넘어지려고, ~(으)시: 넘어지시, ~(으)면: 넘어지면, ~(으)니: 넘어지니</p>
~아/어: 넘어져, ~ㄴ/은: 넘어진, ~ㄴ/는다: 넘어진다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 넘어집니다, ~ㄹ/을: 넘어질, ~니: 넘어지니, ~ㅁ/음: 넘어짐, ~(으)려고: 넘어지려고, ~(으)시: 넘어지시, ~(으)면: 넘어지면, ~(으)니: 넘어지니
examples:
- ko: 길이 미끄러워서 저는 **넘어졌어요**
en: I **fell over** because the road is slippery
@@ -189,7 +193,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson12v18.mp3
en: to read a book
notes: |
<p>This word less common and more difficult than "읽다." When using 독서하다, within the meaning of the verb is that one is reading a book. You don't need to include the object "책" if using this verb. It is common in its noun form "독서" to refer to the noun of reading a book.</p>
This word less common and more difficult than "읽다." When using 독서하다, within the meaning of the verb is that one is reading a book. You don't need to include the object "책" if using this verb. It is common in its noun form "독서" to refer to the noun of reading a book.
examples:
- ko: 심심할 때 **독서**를 하는 것이 좋아요
en: When bored, **reading books** is good
@@ -219,7 +223,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson12v20.mp3
en: to drink
notes: |
<p>~아/어: 마셔, ~ㄴ/은: 마신, ~ㄴ/는다: 마신다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 마십니다, ~ㄹ/을: 마실, ~니: 마시니, ~ㅁ/음: 마심, ~(으)려고: 마시려고, ~(으)시: 마시시, ~(으)면: 마시면, ~(으)니: 마시니</p>
~아/어: 마셔, ~ㄴ/은: 마신, ~ㄴ/는다: 마신다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 마십니다, ~ㄹ/을: 마실, ~니: 마시니, ~ㅁ/음: 마심, ~(으)려고: 마시려고, ~(으)시: 마시시, ~(으)면: 마시면, ~(으)니: 마시니
examples:
- ko: 저는 애기에게 우유를 **마시**라고 했어요
en: I told the baby to **drink** his milk
@@ -238,9 +242,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson12v21.mp3
en: to get off, to go down, to come down
notes: |
<p>This word appears in my Korean Sign Explanation Video #6</p>
<p><YouTube id="xhkKiuEMcks" /></p>
<p>~아/어: 내려, ~ㄴ/은: 내린, ~ㄴ/는다: 내린다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 내립니다, ~ㄹ/을: 내릴, ~니: 내리니, ~ㅁ/음: 내림, ~(으)려고: 내리려고, ~(으)시: 내리시, ~(으)면: 내리면, ~(으)니: 내리니</p>
This word appears in my Korean Sign Explanation Video #6
<YouTube id="xhkKiuEMcks" />
~아/어: 내려, ~ㄴ/은: 내린, ~ㄴ/는다: 내린다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 내립니다, ~ㄹ/을: 내릴, ~니: 내리니, ~ㅁ/음: 내림, ~(으)려고: 내리려고, ~(으)시: 내리시, ~(으)면: 내리면, ~(으)니: 내리니
examples:
- ko: 저는 다음 정류장에서 **내릴** **거예요**
en: I'm going to **get off** at the next stop
@@ -254,8 +260,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson12v22.mp3
en: to come out
notes: |
<p>Aside from literally meaning "to come out" Korean people use this word to say that somebody is "in" a movie or TV show. In English, I would say "Will Smith is in Men in Black." In Korean, they would say "Will Smith은 Men in Black에 나왔어요."</p>
<p>~아/어: 나와, ~ㄴ/은: 나온, ~ㄴ/는다: 나온다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 나옵니다, ~ㄹ/을: 나올, ~니: 나오니, ~ㅁ/음: 나옴, ~(으)려고: 나오려고, ~(으)시: 나오시, ~(으)면: 나오면, ~(으)니: 나오니</p>
Aside from literally meaning "to come out" Korean people use this word to say that somebody is "in" a movie or TV show. In English, I would say "Will Smith is in Men in Black." In Korean, they would say "Will Smith은 Men in Black에 나왔어요."
~아/어: 나와, ~ㄴ/은: 나온, ~ㄴ/는다: 나온다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 나옵니다, ~ㄹ/을: 나올, ~니: 나오니, ~ㅁ/음: 나옴, ~(으)려고: 나오려고, ~(으)시: 나오시, ~(으)면: 나오면, ~(으)니: 나오니
examples:
- ko: 학생들은 교실에서 **나왔어요**
en: The students **came out** of the classroom
@@ -266,7 +273,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson12v23.mp3
en: to go out
notes: |
<p>~아/어: 나가, ~ㄴ/은: 나간, ~ㄴ/는다: 나간다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 나갑니다, ~ㄹ/을: 나갈, ~니: 나가니, ~ㅁ/음: 나감, ~(으)려고: 나가려고, ~(으)시: 나가시, ~(으)면: 나가면, ~(으)니: 나가니</p>
~아/어: 나가, ~ㄴ/은: 나간, ~ㄴ/는다: 나간다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 나갑니다, ~ㄹ/을: 나갈, ~니: 나가니, ~ㅁ/음: 나감, ~(으)려고: 나가려고, ~(으)시: 나가시, ~(으)면: 나가면, ~(으)니: 나가니
examples:
- ko: 밖에 **나갈래요**?
en: Shall we **go** **out**side?
@@ -283,9 +290,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson12v24.mp3
en: to cover one's head
notes: |
<p>쓰다 follows the ㅡ irregular</p>
<p>The word 씌우다 is used when covering somebody's head with something. The most common case this would come up is when holding an umbrella for somebody.</p>
<p>~아/어: 써, ~ㄴ/은: 쓴, ~ㄴ/는다: 쓴다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 씁니다, ~ㄹ/을: 쓸, ~니: 쓰니, ~ㅁ/음: 씀, ~(으)려고: 쓰려고, ~(으)시: 쓰시, ~(으)면: 쓰면, ~(으)니: 쓰니</p>
쓰다 follows the ㅡ irregular
The word 씌우다 is used when covering somebody's head with something. The most common case this would come up is when holding an umbrella for somebody.
~아/어: 써, ~ㄴ/은: 쓴, ~ㄴ/는다: 쓴다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 씁니다, ~ㄹ/을: 쓸, ~니: 쓰니, ~ㅁ/음: 씀, ~(으)려고: 쓰려고, ~(으)시: 쓰시, ~(으)면: 쓰면, ~(으)니: 쓰니
examples:
- ko: 저의 아버지가 저 모자를 매일 **써**요
en: My dad **wears** that hat every day
@@ -294,9 +303,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson12v25.mp3
en: to not know
notes: |
<p>모르다 follows the 르 irregular</p>
<p>Although "모르겠다" is technically the future tense of the word, it is often used in the present tense to mean "I don't know."</p>
<p>~아/어: 몰라, ~ㄴ/은: 모른, ~ㄴ/는다: 모른다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 모릅니다, ~ㄹ/을: 모를, ~니: 모르니, ~ㅁ/음: 모름, ~(으)려고: 모르려고, ~(으)시: 모르시, ~(으)면: 모르면, ~(으)니: 모르니</p>
모르다 follows the 르 irregular
Although "모르겠다" is technically the future tense of the word, it is often used in the present tense to mean "I don't know."
~아/어: 몰라, ~ㄴ/은: 모른, ~ㄴ/는다: 모른다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 모릅니다, ~ㄹ/을: 모를, ~니: 모르니, ~ㅁ/음: 모름, ~(으)려고: 모르려고, ~(으)시: 모르시, ~(으)면: 모르면, ~(으)니: 모르니
examples:
- ko: 우리가 언제 도착할지 **모르겠어요**
en: I **don't know** when we will arrive
@@ -321,7 +332,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson12v27.mp3
en: to buy
notes: |
<p>~아/어: 사, ~ㄴ/은: 산, ~ㄴ/는다: 산다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 삽니다, ~ㄹ/을: 살, ~니: 사니, ~ㅁ/음: 삶, ~(으)려고: 사려고, ~(으)시: 사시, ~(으)면: 사면, ~(으)니: 사니</p>
~아/어: 사, ~ㄴ/은: 산, ~ㄴ/는다: 산다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 삽니다, ~ㄹ/을: 살, ~니: 사니, ~ㅁ/음: 삶, ~(으)려고: 사려고, ~(으)시: 사시, ~(으)면: 사면, ~(으)니: 사니
examples:
- ko: 저는 사과만 **샀어요**
en: I only **bought** apples
@@ -346,8 +357,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson12v28.mp3
en: to sell
notes: |
<p>팔다 follows the ㄹ irregular</p>
<p>~아/어: 팔아, ~ㄴ/은: 판, ~ㄴ/는다: 판다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 팝니다, ~ㄹ/을: 팔, ~니: 파니, ~ㅁ/음: 팖, ~(으)려고: 팔려고, ~(으)시: 파시, ~(으)면: 팔면, ~(으)니: 파니</p>
팔다 follows the ㄹ irregular
~아/어: 팔아, ~ㄴ/은: 판, ~ㄴ/는다: 판다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 팝니다, ~ㄹ/을: 팔, ~니: 파니, ~ㅁ/음: 팖, ~(으)려고: 팔려고, ~(으)시: 파시, ~(으)면: 팔면, ~(으)니: 파니
examples:
- ko: 우리는 밥과 빵을 **팔아요**
en: We **sell** rice and bread
@@ -369,9 +381,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson12v29.mp3
en: to be thin
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "얄따"</p>
<p>This is not used to talk about people, only when talking about objects being thin</p>
<p>~아/어: 얇아, ~ㄴ/은: 얇은, ~ㅂ/습니다: 얇습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 얇을, ~니: 얇으니, ~ㅁ/음: 얇음, ~(으)려고: 얇으려고, ~(으)시: 얇으시, ~(으)면: 얇으면, ~(으)니: 얇으니</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "얄따"
This is not used to talk about people, only when talking about objects being thin
~아/어: 얇아, ~ㄴ/은: 얇은, ~ㅂ/습니다: 얇습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 얇을, ~니: 얇으니, ~ㅁ/음: 얇음, ~(으)려고: 얇으려고, ~(으)시: 얇으시, ~(으)면: 얇으면, ~(으)니: 얇으니
examples:
- ko: 이 종이는 너무 **얇아요**
en: This paper is too **thin**
@@ -380,8 +394,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson12v30.mp3
en: to be moderate
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "적땅하다"</p>
<p>This word is often used in the adverb form to make "적당히" (moderately)</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "적땅하다"
This word is often used in the adverb form to make "적당히" (moderately)
examples:
- ko: "**적당히** 먹어!"
en: Eat **moderately** (don't eat too much!)
@@ -390,7 +405,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson12v31.mp3
en: to be young
notes: |
<p>~아/어: 어려, ~ㄴ/은: 어린, ~ㅂ/습니다: 어립니다, ~ㄹ/을: 어릴, ~니: 어리니, ~ㅁ/음: 어림, ~(으)려고: 어리려고, ~(으)시: 어리시, ~(으)면: 어리면, ~(으)니: 어리니</p>
~아/어: 어려, ~ㄴ/은: 어린, ~ㅂ/습니다: 어립니다, ~ㄹ/을: 어릴, ~니: 어리니, ~ㅁ/음: 어림, ~(으)려고: 어리려고, ~(으)시: 어리시, ~(으)면: 어리면, ~(으)니: 어리니
examples:
- ko: 저의 여자 친구는 **어려요**
en: My girlfriend is **young**
@@ -407,7 +422,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson12v32.mp3
en: to be glad
notes: |
<p>~아/어: 기뻐, ~ㄴ/은: 기쁜, ~ㅂ/습니다: 기쁩니다, ~ㄹ/을: 기쁠, ~니: 기쁘니, ~ㅁ/음: 기쁨, ~(으)려고: 기쁘려고, ~(으)시: 기쁘시, ~(으)면: 기쁘면, ~(으)니: 기쁘니</p>
~아/어: 기뻐, ~ㄴ/은: 기쁜, ~ㅂ/습니다: 기쁩니다, ~ㄹ/을: 기쁠, ~니: 기쁘니, ~ㅁ/음: 기쁨, ~(으)려고: 기쁘려고, ~(으)시: 기쁘시, ~(으)면: 기쁘면, ~(으)니: 기쁘니
examples:
- ko: 우리가 만나서 **기뻐요**
en: I am **glad** that we met
@@ -453,9 +468,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson12v36.mp3
en: side/direction
notes: |
<p>쪽 is a noun, but a special noun. I refer to these sometimes as "pseudo-nouns" in my lessons. Other nouns like this are 적 (Lesson 32) and 수 (Lesson 45). 쪽 can only ever be used when some sort of context is given to it.</p>
<p>I talk about the use of 쪽 in a Korean sign in this Youtube Video.</p>
<p><YouTube id="6swm1JYafsE" /></p>
쪽 is a noun, but a special noun. I refer to these sometimes as "pseudo-nouns" in my lessons. Other nouns like this are 적 (Lesson 32) and 수 (Lesson 45). 쪽 can only ever be used when some sort of context is given to it.
I talk about the use of 쪽 in a Korean sign in this Youtube Video.
<YouTube id="6swm1JYafsE" />
examples:
- ko: 우리가 저**쪽**으로 가야 돼요
en: We have to go **that way (in that direction)**
@@ -498,8 +515,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson12v39.mp3
en: some ___, how many (used with a counter)
notes: |
<p>몇 is placed before a counter to ask "how many" of something. For example: "펜 몇 개 있어요?" = "How many pens do you have" (see Lesson 22 for more information)</p>
<p>몇 can also be used to mean "some." For example: "저는 사과 몇 개를 샀어요" = "I bought some apples" (see Lesson 12 for more information)</p>
몇 is placed before a counter to ask "how many" of something. For example:
- "펜 몇 개 있어요?" = "How many pens do you have" (see Lesson 22 for more information)
몇 can also be used to mean "some." For example:
- "저는 사과 몇 개를 샀어요" = "I bought some apples" (see Lesson 12 for more information)
examples:
- ko: 저는 친구 몇 명을 만났어요
en: I met **some** friends