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docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/09-conjugate-이다.md
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@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson-11-vocab-6.mp3
en: a sign
notes: |
<p>This refers to the signs that hang outside stores or other places of businesses, not the traffic signs on the road.</p>
This refers to the signs that hang outside stores or other places of businesses, not the traffic signs on the road.
examples:
- ko: 한국에는 노래방**간판**이 많아요
en: There are a lot of no-rae bang **signs** in Korea
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson-11-vocab-23.mp3
en: subway
notes: |
<p>지하 means "underground." 철 means "train." In theory this word means "underground train," but it is often used to refer to the metro system in general.</p>
지하 means "underground." 철 means "train." In theory this word means "underground train," but it is often used to refer to the metro system in general.
examples:
- ko: 저는 지금 **지하철**을 타고 있어요
en: I am on the **subway** now
@@ -270,13 +270,29 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson-11-vocab-24.mp3
en: to become
notes: |
<p>One of the usages of 되다 is to make a verb change to the passive voice. This is introduced in <a href="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-9-16/lesson-14-korean-passive-verbs/">Lesson 14</a>. For example: "점심이 학교에 준비되었어요" = "The lunch was provided by the school"</p>
<p>In addition to this, there are many ways 되다 can be used. This is just a small sample:</p>
<p>To indicate that one becomes something: "미래에 저는 의사가 되고 싶어요" = "I want to be a doctor in the future", "저는 언젠가 선생님이 되고 싶어요" = "I want to become a teacher someday"</p>
<p>To indicate that you have been doing something for a certain amount of time: "밥을 먹은 지 5분 됐어요" = "I have been eating for 5 minutes", "운동한 지 오래 됐어요?" = "Have you been exercising for a long time?"</p>
<p>To indicate that something that something is "ready" or "done" or "finished": "밥이 아직 안 됐어요" = "The rice isn't ready yet", "저는 갈 준비 됐어요" = "I am ready to go", "Wifi가 잘 안 돼요" = "The WiFi doesn't work well"</p>
<p>To indicate that one can or cannot do something: "지금 가도 돼요?" = "May I go now?", "안 가도 돼요" = "You don't have to go"</p>
<p>~아/어: 돼, ~ㄴ/은: 된, ~ㄴ/는다: 된다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 됩니다, ~ㄹ/을: 될, ~니: 되니, ~ㅁ/음: 됨, ~(으)려고: 되려고, ~(으)시: 되시, ~(으)면: 되면, ~(으)니: 되니</p>
One of the usages of 되다 is to make a verb change to the passive voice. This is introduced in Lesson 14. For example:
- "점심이 학교에 준비되었어요" = "The lunch was provided by the school"
In addition to this, there are many ways 되다 can be used. This is just a small sample:
To indicate that one becomes something:
- "미래에 저는 의사가 되고 싶어요" = "I want to be a doctor in the future"
- "저는 언젠가 선생님이 되고 싶어요" = "I want to become a teacher someday"
To indicate that you have been doing something for a certain amount of time:
- "밥을 먹은 지 5분 됐어요" = "I have been eating for 5 minutes"
- "운동한 지 오래 됐어요?" = "Have you been exercising for a long time?"
To indicate that something that something is "ready" or "done" or "finished":
- "밥이 아직 안 됐어요" = "The rice isn't ready yet"
- "저는 갈 준비 됐어요" = "I am ready to go"
- "Wifi가 잘 안 돼요" = "The WiFi doesn't work well"
To indicate that one can or cannot do something:
- "지금 가도 돼요?" = "May I go now?"
- "안 가도 돼요" = "You don't have to go"
~아/어: 돼, ~ㄴ/은: 된, ~ㄴ/는다: 된다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 됩니다, ~ㄹ/을: 될, ~니: 되니, ~ㅁ/음: 됨, ~(으)려고: 되려고, ~(으)시: 되시, ~(으)면: 되면, ~(으)니: 되니
examples:
- ko: 점심이 학교에 준비**되었어요**
en: The lunch was provided by the school
@@ -303,9 +319,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson-11-vocab-25.mp3
en: to start
notes: |
<p>This word appears in Korean Sign Explanation [Video 14]</p>
<p><YouTube id="b8X6ryrJGeY" /></p>
<p>~해: 시작해, ~ㄴ/은: 시작한, ~ㄴ/는다: 시작한다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 시작합니다, ~ㄹ/을: 시작할, ~니: 시작하니, ~ㅁ/음: 시작함, ~(으)려고: 시작하려고, ~(으)시: 시작하시, ~(으)면: 시작하면, ~(으)니: 시작하니</p>
This word appears in Korean Sign Explanation \[Video 14\]
<YouTube id="b8X6ryrJGeY" />
~해: 시작해, ~ㄴ/은: 시작한, ~ㄴ/는다: 시작한다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 시작합니다, ~ㄹ/을: 시작할, ~니: 시작하니, ~ㅁ/음: 시작함, ~(으)려고: 시작하려고, ~(으)시: 시작하시, ~(으)면: 시작하면, ~(으)니: 시작하니
examples:
- ko: 그는 밥을 벌써 먹기 **시작했어요**
en: He **started** eating already
@@ -318,9 +336,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson-11-vocab-26.mp3
en: to act
notes: |
<p>The noun form of this word ("행동") translates to "an action."</p>
<p>This meaning is not "to act" in the sense of an actor or actress. Instead, this meaning is similar to somebody doing something, for example: "act responsibly".</p>
<p>~해: 행동해, ~ㄴ/은: 행동한, ~ㄴ/는다: 행동한다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 행동합니다, ~ㄹ/을: 행동할, ~니: 행동하니, ~ㅁ/음: 행동함, ~(으)려고: 행동하려고, ~(으)시: 행동하시, ~(으)면: 행동하면, ~(으)니: 행동하니</p>
The noun form of this word ("행동") translates to "an action."
This meaning is not "to act" in the sense of an actor or actress. Instead, this meaning is similar to somebody doing something, for example: "act responsibly".
~해: 행동해, ~ㄴ/은: 행동한, ~ㄴ/는다: 행동한다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 행동합니다, ~ㄹ/을: 행동할, ~니: 행동하니, ~ㅁ/음: 행동함, ~(으)려고: 행동하려고, ~(으)시: 행동하시, ~(으)면: 행동하면, ~(으)니: 행동하니
examples:
- ko: 부모님 앞에서 그렇게 **행동하**지 마세요
en: Don't **act** that way in front of your parents
@@ -363,7 +383,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson-11-vocab-30.mp3
en: to lose
notes: |
<p>~아/어: 잃어, ~ㄴ/은: 잃은, ~ㄴ/는다: 잃는다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 잃습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 잃을, ~니: 잃으니, ~ㅁ/음: 잃음, ~(으)려고: 잃으려고, ~(으)시: 잃으시, ~(으)면: 잃으면, ~(으)니: 잃으니</p>
~아/어: 잃어, ~ㄴ/은: 잃은, ~ㄴ/는다: 잃는다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 잃습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 잃을, ~니: 잃으니, ~ㅁ/음: 잃음, ~(으)려고: 잃으려고, ~(으)시: 잃으시, ~(으)면: 잃으면, ~(으)니: 잃으니
examples:
- ko: 저는 열쇠를 **잃어버렸어요**
en: I **lost** my keys
@@ -374,9 +394,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson-11-vocab-31.mp3
en: to lose
notes: |
<p>Sometimes you will find two verbs connected by "~아/어". This grammatical principle is fairly complex and isn't discussed in great detail until Lesson 70.</p>
<p>A basic explanation for now is that "~아/어" essentially has no real meaning, and that the meaning of both verbs comes out. "버리다" is probably the most common verb that you will find after a verb and ~아/어. Constructions in this format "(verb + ~아/어 + 버리다) add emotion to a sentence. The emotion is as if something was "thrown away" or done without any real thinking of the consequences.</p>
<p>~아/어: 잃어버려, ~ㄴ/은: 잃어버린, ~ㄴ/는다: 잃어버린다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 잃어버립니다, ~ㄹ/을: 잃어버릴, ~니: 잃어버리니, ~ㅁ/음: 잃어버림, ~(으)려고: 잃어버리려고, ~(으)시: 잃어버리시, ~(으)면: 잃어버리면, ~(으)니: 잃어버리니</p>
Sometimes you will find two verbs connected by "~아/어". This grammatical principle is fairly complex and isn't discussed in great detail until Lesson 70.
A basic explanation for now is that "~아/어" essentially has no real meaning, and that the meaning of both verbs comes out. "버리다" is probably the most common verb that you will find after a verb and ~아/어. Constructions in this format "(verb + ~아/어 + 버리다) add emotion to a sentence. The emotion is as if something was "thrown away" or done without any real thinking of the consequences.
~아/어: 잃어버려, ~ㄴ/은: 잃어버린, ~ㄴ/는다: 잃어버린다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 잃어버립니다, ~ㄹ/을: 잃어버릴, ~니: 잃어버리니, ~ㅁ/음: 잃어버림, ~(으)려고: 잃어버리려고, ~(으)시: 잃어버리시, ~(으)면: 잃어버리면, ~(으)니: 잃어버리니
examples:
- ko: 저는 열쇠를 **잃어버렸어요**
en: I **lost** my keys
@@ -389,8 +411,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/32.mp3
en: to put on one's clothes, to wear
notes: |
<p>The word 입히다 is used when you are putting the clothes on somebody else</p>
<p>~아/어: 입어, ~ㄴ/은: 입은, ~ㄴ/는다: 입는다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 입습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 입을, ~니: 입으니, ~ㅁ/음: 입음, ~(으)려고: 입으려고, ~(으)시: 입으시, ~(으)면: 입으면, ~(으)니: 입으니</p>
The word 입히다 is used when you are putting the clothes on somebody else
~아/어: 입어, ~ㄴ/은: 입은, ~ㄴ/는다: 입는다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 입습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 입을, ~니: 입으니, ~ㅁ/음: 입음, ~(으)려고: 입으려고, ~(으)시: 입으시, ~(으)면: 입으면, ~(으)니: 입으니
examples:
- ko: 저는 보통 **까만** 양복을 **입어요**
en: I usually **wear** black suits
@@ -409,8 +432,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson-11-vocab-32.mp3
en: to take off one's clothes
notes: |
<p>The word 벗기다 is used when you are taking the clothes off of somebody else</p>
<p>~아/어: 벗어, ~ㄴ/은: 벗은, ~ㄴ/는다: 벗는다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 벗습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 벗을, ~니: 벗으니, ~ㅁ/음: 벗음, ~(으)려고: 벗으려고, ~(으)시: 벗으시, ~(으)면: 벗으면, ~(으)니: 벗으니</p>
The word 벗기다 is used when you are taking the clothes off of somebody else
~아/어: 벗어, ~ㄴ/은: 벗은, ~ㄴ/는다: 벗는다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 벗습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 벗을, ~니: 벗으니, ~ㅁ/음: 벗음, ~(으)려고: 벗으려고, ~(으)시: 벗으시, ~(으)면: 벗으면, ~(으)니: 벗으니
examples:
- ko: 저는 저의 옷을 **벗었어요**
en: I **took off** my clothes
@@ -421,7 +445,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson-11-vocab-33.mp3
en: to laugh
notes: |
<p>~아/어: 웃어, ~ㄴ/은: 웃은, ~ㄴ/는다: 웃는다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 웃습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 웃을, ~니: 웃으니, ~ㅁ/음: 웃음, ~(으)려고: 웃으려고, ~(으)시: 웃으시, ~(으)면: 웃으면, ~(으)니: 웃으니</p>
~아/어: 웃어, ~ㄴ/은: 웃은, ~ㄴ/는다: 웃는다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 웃습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 웃을, ~니: 웃으니, ~ㅁ/음: 웃음, ~(으)려고: 웃으려고, ~(으)시: 웃으시, ~(으)면: 웃으면, ~(으)니: 웃으니
examples:
- ko: "**웃**지 마세요!"
en: Please don't **laugh**!
@@ -433,10 +457,13 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson-11-vocab-34.mp3
en: to be shy
notes: |
<p>부끄럽다 follows the ㅂ irregular</p>
<p>This word is more common than you would think. Korean people are generally very shy and thus, this word is used a lot. It is an irregular adjective. See Lesson 7 for more information.</p>
<p>The addition of ~아/어하다 is commonly done when the speaker is not the person who is shy. This grammar is explained in Lesson 105</p>
<p>~아/어: 부끄러워, ~ㄴ/은: 부끄러운, ~ㅂ/습니다: 부끄럽습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 부끄러울, ~니: 부끄러우니, ~ㅁ/음: 부끄러움, ~(으)려고: 부끄러우려고, ~(으)시: 부끄러우시, ~(으)면: 부끄러우면, ~(으)니: 부끄러우니</p>
부끄럽다 follows the ㅂ irregular
This word is more common than you would think. Korean people are generally very shy and thus, this word is used a lot. It is an irregular adjective. See Lesson 7 for more information.
The addition of ~아/어하다 is commonly done when the speaker is not the person who is shy. This grammar is explained in Lesson 105
~아/어: 부끄러워, ~ㄴ/은: 부끄러운, ~ㅂ/습니다: 부끄럽습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 부끄러울, ~니: 부끄러우니, ~ㅁ/음: 부끄러움, ~(으)려고: 부끄러우려고, ~(으)시: 부끄러우시, ~(으)면: 부끄러우면, ~(으)니: 부끄러우니
examples:
- ko: 제가 너무 **부끄러워서** 발표를 못해요
en: I can't do presentations because I am so **shy**
@@ -475,7 +502,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson-11-vocab-39.mp3
en: now/present
notes: |
<p>Generally a wider length of time than "지금" or "이제"</p>
Generally a wider length of time than "지금" or "이제"
examples:
- ko: "**현재** 날씨는 평소보다 조금 추워요"
en: The **present/recent** weather is colder than normal
@@ -753,13 +780,13 @@ sentence:
en: I will study English
- notes: |
<p>When you add ~ㄹ/을 to a stem of a word that ends in ㄹ, the ㄹ is dropped and ㄹ is attached directly to the stem. In effect, you removed something and replace it with exactly the same thing.</p>
<p>For example:</p>
<ul>
<li>갈다 + ㄹ/을 = 갈</li>
<li>빨다 + ㄹ/을 = 빨</li>
<li>열다 + ㄹ/을 = 열</li>
</ul>
When you add ~ㄹ/을 to a stem of a word that ends in ㄹ, the ㄹ is dropped and ㄹ is attached directly to the stem. In effect, you removed something and replace it with exactly the same thing.
For example:
* 갈다 + ㄹ/을 = 갈
* 빨다 + ㄹ/을 = 빨
* 열다 + ㄹ/을 = 열
ko: 저는 문을 열 거예요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/Lesson9-32I-will-open-the-door.mp3
en: I will open the door