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docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/07-irregulars.md
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@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-2.mp3
en: teacher
notes: |
<p>교사 refers more to the position of a teacher. You would usually refer to a teacher by calling him/her "선생님." However, if you wanted to tell somebody what your position was, you could use 교사 (선생님 would also work here as well).</p>
교사 refers more to the position of a teacher. You would usually refer to a teacher by calling him/her "선생님." However, if you wanted to tell somebody what your position was, you could use 교사 (선생님 would also work here as well).
examples:
- ko: 저는 영어**교사**예요
en: I am an English **teacher**
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-5.mp3
en: location of work
notes: |
<p>In English, we say "work" to refer to what is being done and where it is being done. For example "I am doing work at work." 직장 refers to the location in which you work.</p>
In English, we say "work" to refer to what is being done and where it is being done. For example "I am doing work at work." 직장 refers to the location in which you work.
examples:
- ko: 그는 **직장**에서 일찍 퇴근했어요
en: He left **work** early
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-11.mp3
en: hair (not on head), fur
notes: |
<p>In English, we say "hair" for all of the hair on our body. However, in Korean, 털 is used to refer to any hair that is not on your head. It is also used to refer to the fur of an animal.</p>
In English, we say "hair" for all of the hair on our body. However, in Korean, 털 is used to refer to any hair that is not on your head. It is also used to refer to the fur of an animal.
examples:
- ko: 저는 팔에 **털**이 많아요
en: I have a lot of **hair** on my arms
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Lesson-7-8.mp3
en: dinner, evening
notes: |
<p>The word "저녁" can refer to the evening time, or the meal that is eaten at that time (dinner). To distinguish between them, 저녁식사 (dinner) and 저녁시간 (the evening) can also be used.</p>
The word "저녁" can refer to the evening time, or the meal that is eaten at that time (dinner). To distinguish between them, 저녁식사 (dinner) and 저녁시간 (the evening) can also be used.
examples:
- ko: "**저녁**으로 뭐 먹었어요?"
en: What did you eat for **dinner**?
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Lesson7-9.mp3
en: lunch, noonish
notes: |
<p>The word "점심" can refer to the time around noon, or the meal that is eaten at that time (lunch). To distinguish between them, 점심식사 (lunch) and 점심시간 (noonish) can also be used.</p>
The word "점심" can refer to the time around noon, or the meal that is eaten at that time (lunch). To distinguish between them, 점심식사 (lunch) and 점심시간 (noonish) can also be used.
examples:
- ko: "**점심**으로 뭐 먹고 싶어요?"
en: What do you want to eat for **lunch**?
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-7-v1.mp3
en: clothes
notes: |
<p>One way and one form of telling somebody to put on clothes is to say "옷 입어." This sounds like "온 이버"</p>
One way and one form of telling somebody to put on clothes is to say "옷 입어." This sounds like "온 이버"
examples:
- ko: 저는 저의 **옷**을 벗었어요
en: I took off my **clothes**
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-39.mp3
en: morning
notes: |
<p>This generally refers to any time before noon, but to refer to specifically refer to something early in the morning "새벽" can be used. "아침" refers to the time from breakfast until around noon.</p>
This generally refers to any time before noon, but to refer to specifically refer to something early in the morning "새벽" can be used. "아침" refers to the time from breakfast until around noon.
examples:
- ko: 저는 내일 **오전**에 교회에 가야 돼요
en: I have to go to church tomorrow in the **morning**
@@ -232,8 +232,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-13.mp3
en: to search for, find
notes: |
<p>In English, the words "looking for/searching" and "find" have a similar meaning but are used differently. We use "find" after something is found. However, before something is found we use "look for/search." In Korean, the 찾다 is used for both of these usages. This confusion often leads Korean people to incorrectly say things like "I am finding my brother."</p>
<p>~아/어: 찾아, ~ㄴ/은: 찾은, ~ㄴ/는다: 찾는다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 찾습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 찾을, ~니: 찾으니, ~ㅁ/음: 찾음, ~(으)려고: 찾으려고, ~(으)시: 찾으시, ~(으)면: 찾으면, ~(으)니: 찾으니</p>
In English, the words "looking for/searching" and "find" have a similar meaning but are used differently. We use "find" after something is found. However, before something is found we use "look for/search." In Korean, the 찾다 is used for both of these usages. This confusion often leads Korean people to incorrectly say things like "I am finding my brother."
~아/어: 찾아, ~ㄴ/은: 찾은, ~ㄴ/는다: 찾는다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 찾습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 찾을, ~니: 찾으니, ~ㅁ/음: 찾음, ~(으)려고: 찾으려고, ~(으)시: 찾으시, ~(으)면: 찾으면, ~(으)니: 찾으니
examples:
- ko: 저는 저의 지갑을 **찾**고 있어요
en: I am **looking** for my wallet
@@ -248,7 +249,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-15.mp3
en: to teach
notes: |
<p>~아/어: 가르쳐, ~ㄴ/은: 가르친, ~ㄴ/는다: 가르친다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 가르칩니다, ~ㄹ/을: 가르칠, ~니: 가르치니, ~ㅁ/음: 가르침, ~(으)려고: 가르치려고, ~(으)시: 가르치시, ~(으)면: 가르치면, ~(으)니: 가르치니</p>
~아/어: 가르쳐, ~ㄴ/은: 가르친, ~ㄴ/는다: 가르친다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 가르칩니다, ~ㄹ/을: 가르칠, ~니: 가르치니, ~ㅁ/음: 가르침, ~(으)려고: 가르치려고, ~(으)시: 가르치시, ~(으)면: 가르치면, ~(으)니: 가르치니
examples:
- ko: 저는 고등학교에서 10년 동안 영어를 **가르쳤어요**
en: I **taught** English at a high school for 10 years
@@ -269,8 +270,10 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-16.mp3
en: to work
notes: |
<p>The noun form of 일하다 (일) literally means "work" (as in, something you need to do). However, it is often used to refer to a task or anything that needs to be done. For example: "저는 내일 할 일이 있어요" = "I have something I need to do tomorrow"</p>
<p>~해: 일해, ~ㄴ/은: 일한, ~ㄴ/는다: 일한다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 일합니다, ~ㄹ/을: 일할, ~니: 일하니, ~ㅁ/음: 일함, ~(으)려고: 일하려고, ~(으)시: 일하시, ~(으)면: 일하면, ~(으)니: 일하니</p>
The noun form of 일하다 (일) literally means "work" (as in, something you need to do). However, it is often used to refer to a task or anything that needs to be done. For example:
- "저는 내일 할 일이 있어요" = "I have something I need to do tomorrow"
~해: 일해, ~ㄴ/은: 일한, ~ㄴ/는다: 일한다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 일합니다, ~ㄹ/을: 일할, ~니: 일하니, ~ㅁ/음: 일함, ~(으)려고: 일하려고, ~(으)시: 일하시, ~(으)면: 일하면, ~(으)니: 일하니
examples:
- ko: 저는 그 회사에서 **일해요**
en: I **work** at/for that company
@@ -291,8 +294,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-17.mp3
en: to build
notes: |
<p>짓다 follows the ㅅ irregular</p>
<p>~아/어: 지어, ~ㄴ/은: 지은, ~ㄴ/는다: 짓는다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 짓습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 지을, ~니: 짓니, ~ㅁ/음: 지음, ~(으)려고: 지으려고, ~(으)시: 지으시, ~(으)면: 지으면, ~(으)니: 지으니</p>
짓다 follows the ㅅ irregular
~아/어: 지어, ~ㄴ/은: 지은, ~ㄴ/는다: 짓는다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 짓습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 지을, ~니: 짓니, ~ㅁ/음: 지음, ~(으)려고: 지으려고, ~(으)시: 지으시, ~(으)면: 지으면, ~(으)니: 지으니
examples:
- ko: "그 집을 언제 **지었어요**?"
en: When did you **build** that house?
@@ -311,10 +315,13 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-18.mp3
en: to own, to possess
notes: |
<p>When you use "있다" to indicate that you have something, you must put the particle ~이/가 on the object you have. For example: 저는 펜이 있어요</p>
<p>However, you can attach ~을/을 to that object if you use ~가지고 있다.</p>
<p>갖다 is a shortened version of this word. See Lesson 97 for more information.</p>
<p>~아/어: 가져, ~ㄴ/은: 가진, ~ㄴ/는다: 가진다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 가집니다, ~ㄹ/을: 가질, ~니: 가지니, ~ㅁ/음: 가짐, ~(으)려고: 가지려고, ~(으)시: 가지시, ~(으)면: 가지면, ~(으)니: 가지니</p>
When you use "있다" to indicate that you have something, you must put the particle ~이/가 on the object you have. For example: 저는 펜이 있어요
However, you can attach ~을/을 to that object if you use ~가지고 있다.
갖다 is a shortened version of this word. See Lesson 97 for more information.
~아/어: 가져, ~ㄴ/은: 가진, ~ㄴ/는다: 가진다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 가집니다, ~ㄹ/을: 가질, ~니: 가지니, ~ㅁ/음: 가짐, ~(으)려고: 가지려고, ~(으)시: 가지시, ~(으)면: 가지면, ~(으)니: 가지니
examples:
- ko: 저는 펜을 **가지**고 있어요
en: I **have** a pen
@@ -333,8 +340,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-19.mp3
en: to lock
notes: |
<p>잠그다 follows the ㅡ irregular</p>
<p>~아/어: 잠가, ~ㄴ/은: 잠근, ~ㄴ/는다: 잠근다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 잠급니다, ~ㄹ/을: 잠글, ~니: 잠그니, ~ㅁ/음: 잠금, ~(으)려고: 잠그려고, ~(으)시: 잠그시, ~(으)면: 잠그면, ~(으)니: 잠그니</p>
잠그다 follows the ㅡ irregular
~아/어: 잠가, ~ㄴ/은: 잠근, ~ㄴ/는다: 잠근다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 잠급니다, ~ㄹ/을: 잠글, ~니: 잠그니, ~ㅁ/음: 잠금, ~(으)려고: 잠그려고, ~(으)시: 잠그시, ~(으)면: 잠그면, ~(으)니: 잠그니
examples:
- ko: 저는 문을 **잠갔어요**
en: I **locked** the door
@@ -349,8 +357,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-20.mp3
en: to forget
notes: |
<p>~아/어버리다 is added to some verbs to express the emotion that something was done and "thrown away" at the same time. It is commonly attached to 잊다 to express that something was "forgotten and thrown away."</p>
<p>~아/어: 잊어, ~ㄴ/은: 잊은, ~ㄴ/는다: 잊는다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 잊습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 잊을, ~니: 잊으니, ~ㅁ/음: 잊음, ~(으)려고: 잊으려고, ~(으)시: 잊으시, ~(으)면: 잊으면, ~(으)니: 잊으니</p>
~아/어버리다 is added to some verbs to express the emotion that something was done and "thrown away" at the same time. It is commonly attached to 잊다 to express that something was "forgotten and thrown away."
~아/어: 잊어, ~ㄴ/은: 잊은, ~ㄴ/는다: 잊는다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 잊습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 잊을, ~니: 잊으니, ~ㅁ/음: 잊음, ~(으)려고: 잊으려고, ~(으)시: 잊으시, ~(으)면: 잊으면, ~(으)니: 잊으니
examples:
- ko: 저를 **잊**지 마세요!
en: Don't **forget** me!
@@ -371,9 +380,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Lesson3Vocab-help.mp3
en: to help
notes: |
<p>돕다 is an irregular ㅂ irregular. ㅂ changes to 오 when ~아/어 is added. However, ㅂ changes to 우 when any other vowel is added.</p>
<p>~아/어주다 is commonly added to this word, because usually when one helps somebody, it is a form of "giving"</p>
<p>~아/어: 도와, ~ㄴ/은: 도운, ~ㄴ/는다: 돕는다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 돕습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 도울, ~니: 돕니, ~ㅁ/음: 도움, ~(으)려고: 도우려고, ~(으)시: 도우시, ~(으)면: 도우면, ~(으)니: 도우니</p>
돕다 is an irregular ㅂ irregular. ㅂ changes to 오 when ~아/어 is added. However, ㅂ changes to 우 when any other vowel is added.
~아/어주다 is commonly added to this word, because usually when one helps somebody, it is a form of "giving"
~아/어: 도와, ~ㄴ/은: 도운, ~ㄴ/는다: 돕는다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 돕습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 도울, ~니: 돕니, ~ㅁ/음: 도움, ~(으)려고: 도우려고, ~(으)시: 도우시, ~(으)면: 도우면, ~(으)니: 도우니
examples:
- ko: "**도와**주세요!"
en: "**help** me please!"
@@ -390,11 +401,15 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-21.mp3
en: to give
notes: |
<p>When giving something to a person who deserves respect, 드리다 is used.</p>
<p>Often conjugated in the imperative voice (for example, ~세요) to ask for something. For example: "밥을 많이 주세요" = "Give me lots of rice"</p>
<p>Often gets placed after a verb if somebody does an action for somebody. For example: "이것을 만들어 주세요" = "Please, make this for me"</p>
<p>See Lesson 41 for more information.</p>
<p>~아/어: 줘, ~ㄴ/은: 준, ~ㄴ/는다: 준다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 줍니다, ~ㄹ/을: 줄, ~니: 주니, ~ㅁ/음: 줌, ~(으)려고: 주려고, ~(으)시: 주시, ~(으)면: 주면, ~(으)니: 주니</p>
When giving something to a person who deserves respect, 드리다 is used.
Often conjugated in the imperative voice (for example, ~세요) to ask for something. For example: "밥을 많이 주세요" = "Give me lots of rice"
Often gets placed after a verb if somebody does an action for somebody. For example: "이것을 만들어 주세요" = "Please, make this for me"
See Lesson 41 for more information.
~아/어: 줘, ~ㄴ/은: 준, ~ㄴ/는다: 준다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 줍니다, ~ㄹ/을: 줄, ~니: 주니, ~ㅁ/음: 줌, ~(으)려고: 주려고, ~(으)시: 주시, ~(으)면: 주면, ~(으)니: 주니
examples:
- ko: 그 그릇을 **주**세요
en: "**Give** me that bowl, please"
@@ -413,8 +428,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-36.mp3
en: to be correct
notes: |
<p>In every way, 맞다 looks, feels and sounds like an adjective. However, in Korean 맞다 is a verb. In most cases this is irrelevant, but keep this in mind when conjugating.</p>
<p>~아/어: 맞아, ~ㄴ/은: 맞은, ~ㄴ/는다: 맞는다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 맞습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 맞을, ~니: 맞으니, ~ㅁ/음: 맞음, ~(으)려고: 맞으려고, ~(으)시: 맞으시, ~(으)면: 맞으면, ~(으)니: 맞으니</p>
In every way, 맞다 looks, feels and sounds like an adjective. However, in Korean 맞다 is a verb. In most cases this is irrelevant, but keep this in mind when conjugating.
~아/어: 맞아, ~ㄴ/은: 맞은, ~ㄴ/는다: 맞는다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 맞습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 맞을, ~니: 맞으니, ~ㅁ/음: 맞음, ~(으)려고: 맞으려고, ~(으)시: 맞으시, ~(으)면: 맞으면, ~(으)니: 맞으니
examples:
- ko: 선생님! 이 거 **맞아요**?
en: Teacher! Is this **correct**?
@@ -430,8 +446,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-22.mp3
en: to be easy
notes: |
<p>쉽다 follows the ㅂ irregular</p>
<p>~아/어: 쉬워, ~ㄴ/은: 쉬운, ~ㅂ/습니다: 쉽습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 쉬울, ~니: 쉬우니, ~ㅁ/음: 쉬움, ~(으)려고: 쉬우려고, ~(으)시: 쉬우시, ~(으)면: 쉬우면, ~(으)니: 쉬우니</p>
쉽다 follows the ㅂ irregular
~아/어: 쉬워, ~ㄴ/은: 쉬운, ~ㅂ/습니다: 쉽습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 쉬울, ~니: 쉬우니, ~ㅁ/음: 쉬움, ~(으)려고: 쉬우려고, ~(으)시: 쉬우시, ~(으)면: 쉬우면, ~(으)니: 쉬우니
examples:
- ko: 그 일은 너무 **쉬웠어요**
en: that task was very **easy**
@@ -444,9 +461,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-23.mp3
en: to be hot
notes: |
<p>덥다 follows the ㅂ irregular</p>
<p>덥다 is only used to talk about the weather or one's body, not the temperature of objects.</p>
<p>~아/어: 더워, ~ㄴ/은: 더운, ~ㅂ/습니다: 덥습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 더울, ~니: 더우니, ~ㅁ/음: 더움, ~(으)려고: 더우려고, ~(으)시: 더우시, ~(으)면: 더우면, ~(으)니: 더우니</p>
덥다 follows the ㅂ irregular
덥다 is only used to talk about the weather or one's body, not the temperature of objects.
~아/어: 더워, ~ㄴ/은: 더운, ~ㅂ/습니다: 덥습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 더울, ~니: 더우니, ~ㅁ/음: 더움, ~(으)려고: 더우려고, ~(으)시: 더우시, ~(으)면: 더우면, ~(으)니: 더우니
examples:
- ko: 오늘 날씨가 너무 **더워요**
en: Today the weather is too **hot**
@@ -463,10 +482,13 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-24.mp3
en: to miss (a thing)
notes: |
<p>그립다 follows the ㅂ irregular</p>
<p>"보고 싶다" can is used when one misses a person.</p>
<p>In English "to miss" is a verb. 그립다 is an adjective in Korean that describes the feeling that is felt when one misses something. It is more commonly used when one misses a non-person. As an adjective, it must get treated as one. Therefore, in order to say that one misses something, it is commonly used in the Subject – Object – Adjective form that is taught in Lesson 15.</p>
<p>~아/어: 그리워, ~ㄴ/은: 그리운, ~ㅂ/습니다: 그립습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 그리울, ~니: 그리우니, ~ㅁ/음: 그리움, ~(으)려고: 그리우려고, ~(으)시: 그리우시, ~(으)면: 그리우면, ~(으)니: 그리우니</p>
그립다 follows the ㅂ irregular
"보고 싶다" can is used when one misses a person.
In English "to miss" is a verb. 그립다 is an adjective in Korean that describes the feeling that is felt when one misses something. It is more commonly used when one misses a non-person. As an adjective, it must get treated as one. Therefore, in order to say that one misses something, it is commonly used in the Subject – Object – Adjective form that is taught in Lesson 15.
~아/어: 그리워, ~ㄴ/은: 그리운, ~ㅂ/습니다: 그립습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 그리울, ~니: 그리우니, ~ㅁ/음: 그리움, ~(으)려고: 그리우려고, ~(으)시: 그리우시, ~(으)면: 그리우면, ~(으)니: 그리우니
examples:
- ko: 저는 우리 학교가 **그리워요**
en: I **miss** our school
@@ -479,8 +501,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-25.mp3
en: to be cute
notes: |
<p>귀엽다 follows the ㅂ irregular</p>
<p>~아/어: 귀여워, ~ㄴ/은: 귀여운, ~ㅂ/습니다: 귀엽습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 귀여울, ~니: 귀여우니, ~ㅁ/음: 귀여움, ~(으)려고: 귀여우려고, ~(으)시: 귀여우시, ~(으)면: 귀여우면, ~(으)니: 귀여우니</p>
귀엽다 follows the ㅂ irregular
~아/어: 귀여워, ~ㄴ/은: 귀여운, ~ㅂ/습니다: 귀엽습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 귀여울, ~니: 귀여우니, ~ㅁ/음: 귀여움, ~(으)려고: 귀여우려고, ~(으)시: 귀여우시, ~(으)면: 귀여우면, ~(으)니: 귀여우니
examples:
- ko: 저의 여자 친구는 너무 **귀여워요**
en: My girlfriend is very **cute**
@@ -503,9 +526,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-26.mp3
en: to be cold
notes: |
<p>춥다 follows the ㅂ irregular</p>
<p>춥다 is only used to talk about the weather or one's body, not the temperature of objects.</p>
<p>~아/어: 추워, ~ㄴ/은: 추운, ~ㅂ/습니다: 춥습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 추울, ~니: 추우니, ~ㅁ/음: 추움, ~(으)려고: 추우려고, ~(으)시: 추우시, ~(으)면: 추우면, ~(으)니: 추우니</p>
춥다 follows the ㅂ irregular
춥다 is only used to talk about the weather or one's body, not the temperature of objects.
~아/어: 추워, ~ㄴ/은: 추운, ~ㅂ/습니다: 춥습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 추울, ~니: 추우니, ~ㅁ/음: 추움, ~(으)려고: 추우려고, ~(으)시: 추우시, ~(으)면: 추우면, ~(으)니: 추우니
examples:
- ko: 캐나다는 겨울이 **추운** 나라예요
en: Canada is a **cold** country in the winter
@@ -524,8 +549,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-27.mp3
en: to be difficult
notes: |
<p>어렵다 follows the ㅂ irregular</p>
<p>~아/어: 어려워, ~ㄴ/은: 어려운, ~ㅂ/습니다: 어렵습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 어려울, ~니: 어려우니, ~ㅁ/음: 어려움, ~(으)려고: 어려우려고, ~(으)시: 어려우시, ~(으)면: 어려우면, ~(으)니: 어려우니</p>
어렵다 follows the ㅂ irregular
~아/어: 어려워, ~ㄴ/은: 어려운, ~ㅂ/습니다: 어렵습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 어려울, ~니: 어려우니, ~ㅁ/음: 어려움, ~(으)려고: 어려우려고, ~(으)시: 어려우시, ~(으)면: 어려우면, ~(으)니: 어려우니
examples:
- ko: 수학은 너무 **어려워요**
en: Math is too **difficult**
@@ -542,8 +568,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-28.mp3
en: to be dirty
notes: |
<p>더럽다 follows the ㅂ irregular</p>
<p>~아/어: 더러워, ~ㄴ/은: 더러운, ~ㅂ/습니다: 더럽습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 더러울, ~니: 더러우니, ~ㅁ/음: 더러움, ~(으)려고: 더러우려고, ~(으)시: 더러우시, ~(으)면: 더러우면, ~(으)니: 더러우니</p>
더럽다 follows the ㅂ irregular
~아/어: 더러워, ~ㄴ/은: 더러운, ~ㅂ/습니다: 더럽습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 더러울, ~니: 더러우니, ~ㅁ/음: 더러움, ~(으)려고: 더러우려고, ~(으)시: 더러우시, ~(으)면: 더러우면, ~(으)니: 더러우니
examples:
- ko: 우리 집은 지금 매우 **더러워요**
en: Our house is really **dirty** right now
@@ -558,8 +585,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-29.mp3
en: to be busy
notes: |
<p>바쁘다 follows the ㅡ irregular</p>
<p>~아/어: 바빠, ~ㄴ/은: 바쁜, ~ㅂ/습니다: 바쁩니다, ~ㄹ/을: 바쁠, ~니: 바쁘니, ~ㅁ/음: 바쁨, ~(으)려고: 바쁘려고, ~(으)시: 바쁘시, ~(으)면: 바쁘면, ~(으)니: 바쁘니</p>
바쁘다 follows the ㅡ irregular
~아/어: 바빠, ~ㄴ/은: 바쁜, ~ㅂ/습니다: 바쁩니다, ~ㄹ/을: 바쁠, ~니: 바쁘니, ~ㅁ/음: 바쁨, ~(으)려고: 바쁘려고, ~(으)시: 바쁘시, ~(으)면: 바쁘면, ~(으)니: 바쁘니
examples:
- ko: 제가 너무 **바빠**서 내일 못 가요
en: I can't go tomorrow because I am so **busy**
@@ -574,8 +602,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-30.mp3
en: to be the same
notes: |
<p>See Lesson 15 for more information</p>
<p>~아/어: 같아, ~ㄴ/은: 같은, ~ㅂ/습니다: 같습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 같을, ~니: 같으니, ~ㅁ/음: 같음, ~(으)려고: 같으려고, ~(으)시: 같으시, ~(으)면: 같으면, ~(으)니: 같으니</p>
See Lesson 15 for more information
~아/어: 같아, ~ㄴ/은: 같은, ~ㅂ/습니다: 같습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 같을, ~니: 같으니, ~ㅁ/음: 같음, ~(으)려고: 같으려고, ~(으)시: 같으시, ~(으)면: 같으면, ~(으)니: 같으니
examples:
- ko: 저는 **같은** 바지가 있어요
en: I have the **same** pants
@@ -628,8 +657,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-33.mp3
en: to be soft
notes: |
<p>부드럽다 follows the ㅂ irregular</p>
<p>~아/어: 부드러워, ~ㄴ/은: 부드러운, ~ㅂ/습니다: 부드럽습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 부드러울, ~니: 부드러우니, ~ㅁ/음: 부드러움, ~(으)려고: 부드러우려고, ~(으)시: 부드러우시, ~(으)면: 부드러우면, ~(으)니: 부드러우니</p>
부드럽다 follows the ㅂ irregular
~아/어: 부드러워, ~ㄴ/은: 부드러운, ~ㅂ/습니다: 부드럽습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 부드러울, ~니: 부드러우니, ~ㅁ/음: 부드러움, ~(으)려고: 부드러우려고, ~(으)시: 부드러우시, ~(으)면: 부드러우면, ~(으)니: 부드러우니
examples:
- ko: 그녀의 손은 **부드러워요**
en: Her hands are very **soft**
@@ -668,8 +698,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson-11-vocab-36.mp3
en: to be pretty
notes: |
<p>예쁘다 follows the ㅡ irregular</p>
<p>~아/어: 예뻐, ~ㄴ/은: 예쁜, ~ㅂ/습니다: 예쁩니다, ~ㄹ/을: 예쁠, ~니: 예쁘니, ~ㅁ/음: 예쁨, ~(으)려고: 예쁘려고, ~(으)시: 예쁘시, ~(으)면: 예쁘면, ~(으)니: 예쁘니</p>
예쁘다 follows the ㅡ irregular
~아/어: 예뻐, ~ㄴ/은: 예쁜, ~ㅂ/습니다: 예쁩니다, ~ㄹ/을: 예쁠, ~니: 예쁘니, ~ㅁ/음: 예쁨, ~(으)려고: 예쁘려고, ~(으)시: 예쁘시, ~(으)면: 예쁘면, ~(으)니: 예쁘니
examples:
- ko: 그 여자가 너무 **예뻐요**
en: That girl is very **pretty**
@@ -687,7 +718,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-38.mp3
en: early
notes: |
<p>일찍 is an adverb. The opposite of "early" is typically 늦다 which is an adjective. 늦게 can be used as the adverb to have the meaning of "late." For example: "우리는 일찍 도착했어요" = "We arrived early", "우리는 늦게 도착했어요" = "We arrived late (it would be awkward to say 'lately' in English)"</p>
일찍 is an adverb. The opposite of "early" is typically 늦다 which is an adjective. 늦게 can be used as the adverb to have the meaning of "late." For example:
- "우리는 일찍 도착했어요" = "We arrived early"
- "우리는 늦게 도착했어요" = "We arrived late (it would be awkward to say 'lately' in English)"
examples:
- ko: 우리는 내일 **일찍** 일어나야 돼요
en: We need to wake up **early** tomorrow morning
@@ -798,9 +831,11 @@ sentence:
ㅂ:
- notes:
- &ㅂ |
<p>If the last letter of a word stem ends in ㅂ (쉽다 = easy), the ㅂ changes to 우 when adding a vowel. 우 then gets added to the next syllable in the conjugated word.</p>
<p>This is mostly done with adjectives.</p>
<p>(Some of the few verbs where this rule applies are: 줍다 = to pick up, 눕다 = to lie down.)</p>
If the last letter of a word stem ends in ㅂ (쉽다 = easy), the ㅂ changes to 우 when adding a vowel. 우 then gets added to the next syllable in the conjugated word.
This is mostly done with adjectives.
(Some of the few verbs where this rule applies are: 줍다 = to pick up, 눕다 = to lie down.)
- 쉽다 = 쉬 + 우 + 어 = 쉬워
ko: 그것은 쉬워
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Lesson-7-8-That-thing-is-easy.mp3
@@ -823,8 +858,9 @@ sentence:
- notes:
- *ㅂ
- |
<p>In the words “돕다” (to help) and “곱다” (an uncommon way to say “beautiful”) ㅂ changes to 오 instead of 우, only when ~아/어 (or any derivative like ~았/었다 or ~아/어요*) is added.</p>
<p>When adding any other vowel, ㅂ changes to 우.</p>
In the words “돕다” (to help) and “곱다” (an uncommon way to say “beautiful”) ㅂ changes to 오 instead of 우, only when ~아/어 (or any derivative like ~았/었다 or ~아/어요*) is added.
When adding any other vowel, ㅂ changes to 우.
- 돕다 = 도 + 오 + 았어요 = 도왔어요
ko: 저는 저의 어머니를 도왔어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Lesson-7-10-I-helped-my-mother.mp3
@@ -905,10 +941,13 @@ sentence:
ㅡ:
- notes: &ㅡ |
<p>If the vowel in the second last syllable is ㅏ or ㅗ, 아 is added.</p>
<p>If the vowel in the second last syllable is anything other than ㅏ or ㅗ, 어 is added.</p>
<p>When ~아/어 is added to a stem where the last letter is ㅡ, ~아/어 merges to the stem and the ㅡ is eliminated.</p>
<p>This merging of ~아/어 to the stem occurs when ~아/어 is added, or any of its derivatives, including ~아/어요 and past tense conjugations like ~았/었어 or ~았/었어요.</p>
If the vowel in the second last syllable is ㅏ or ㅗ, 아 is added.
If the vowel in the second last syllable is anything other than ㅏ or ㅗ, 어 is added.
When ~아/어 is added to a stem where the last letter is ㅡ, ~아/어 merges to the stem and the ㅡ is eliminated.
This merging of ~아/어 to the stem occurs when ~아/어 is added, or any of its derivatives, including ~아/어요 and past tense conjugations like ~았/었어 or ~았/었어요.
ko: 저는 문을 잠갔어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/16-I-locked-the-door.mp3
en: I locked the door
@@ -955,10 +994,13 @@ sentence:
르:
- notes:
- &르 |
<p>This irregular only applies when adding ~아/어 (or any of its derivatives) to a stem and not when adding any other grammatical principles that starts with a vowel or consonant.</p>
<p>When adding ~아/어 to these words, an additional ㄹ is created and placed in the syllable preceding 르 as the last consonant.</p>
<p>The 르 also gets changed to either 러 or 라 (depending on if you are adding 어 or 아).</p>
<p>This is done to both verbs and adjectives (the only exceptions are 따르다 = to follow/to pour; and 푸르다 = to be calming blue).</p>
This irregular only applies when adding ~아/어 (or any of its derivatives) to a stem and not when adding any other grammatical principles that starts with a vowel or consonant.
When adding ~아/어 to these words, an additional ㄹ is created and placed in the syllable preceding 르 as the last consonant.
The 르 also gets changed to either 러 or 라 (depending on if you are adding 어 or 아).
This is done to both verbs and adjectives (the only exceptions are 따르다 = to follow/to pour; and 푸르다 = to be calming blue).
- 다르다 = 다르 + 아요 = 다 + ㄹ + 라요 = 달라요
ko: 그것은 달라요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/That-thing-is-different.mp3