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docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/05-tenses.md
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@@ -5,13 +5,12 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-5-s1.mp3
en: younger sibling
notes: |
<p>While technically this word means "younger sibling" Korean will refer to a close friend (who is younger than them) using this word. This often leads to dialogues like this:</p>
<ul>
<li>Korean person: "Hey! This is my 동생!"</li>
<li>Me: "Really?"</li>
<li>Korean person: "No, not really."</li>
</ul>
<p>To distinguish that somebody is actually related to you by blood, they use the word "친동생"</p>
While technically this word means "younger sibling" Korean will refer to a close friend (who is younger than them) using this word. This often leads to dialogues like this:
* Korean person: "Hey! This is my 동생!"
* Me: "Really?"
* Korean person: "No, not really."
To distinguish that somebody is actually related to you by blood, they use the word "친동생"
examples:
- ko: 저 사람은 저의 **동생**이에요
en: That person is my **younger sibling**
@@ -122,7 +121,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-5-8.mp3
en: older man not related to you
notes: |
<p>This word is used to refer to an older man whom you don't know. More broadly, it can be applied to the position that men have, for example "버스 아저씨" for "bus driver" or "택시 아저씨" for "taxi driver."</p>
This word is used to refer to an older man whom you don't know. More broadly, it can be applied to the position that men have, for example "버스 아저씨" for "bus driver" or "택시 아저씨" for "taxi driver."
examples:
- ko: "**아저씨**! 앉으세요!"
en: "**Sir**, please sit down"
@@ -142,8 +141,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-5-10.mp3
en: grandfather
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "하라버지"</p>
<p>You can use this word to refer to anybody who looks the age of a grandfather, not just your own grandfather.</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "하라버지"
You can use this word to refer to anybody who looks the age of a grandfather, not just your own grandfather.
examples:
- ko: 우리 **할아버지**는 한국전쟁에서 싸웠어요
en: Our **grandfather** fought in the Korean war
@@ -309,8 +309,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-5-23.mp3
en: to expect
notes: |
<p>The noun form of this word translates to "expectation"</p>
<p>The passive version of this word (기대되다) is commonly used to say that one is excited for something to happen. For more information on passive verbs, see Lesson 14.</p>
The noun form of this word translates to "expectation"
The passive version of this word (기대되다) is commonly used to say that one is excited for something to happen. For more information on passive verbs, see Lesson 14.
examples:
- ko: 선생님이 3시에 올 것을 **기대했어요**
en: I **expected** the teacher to come at 3:00
@@ -319,7 +320,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-5-24.mp3
en: to cross (a road/etc)
notes: |
<p>~아/어: 건너, ~ㄴ/은: 건넌, ~ㄴ/는다: 건넌다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 건넙니다, ~ㄹ/을: 건널, ~니: 건너니, ~ㅁ/음: 건넘, ~(으)려고: 건너려고, ~(으)시: 건너시, ~(으)면: 건너면, ~(으)니: 건너니</p>
~아/어: 건너, ~ㄴ/은: 건넌, ~ㄴ/는다: 건넌다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 건넙니다, ~ㄹ/을: 건널, ~니: 건너니, ~ㅁ/음: 건넘, ~(으)려고: 건너려고, ~(으)시: 건너시, ~(으)면: 건너면, ~(으)니: 건너니
examples:
- ko: 빨리 **건너자**!
en: Quick! Let's **cross**!
@@ -330,9 +331,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-5-25.mp3
en: to throw
notes: |
<p>This word appears in my Korean Sign Explanation Video #1.</p>
<p><YouTube id="5oqbDZymdBM" /></p>
<p>~아/어: 던져, ~ㄴ/은: 던진, ~ㄴ/는다: 던진다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 던집니다, ~ㄹ/을: 던질, ~니: 던지니, ~ㅁ/음: 던짐, ~(으)려고: 던지려고, ~(으)시: 던지시, ~(으)면: 던지면, ~(으)니: 던지니</p>
This word appears in my Korean Sign Explanation Video #1.
<YouTube id="5oqbDZymdBM" />
~아/어: 던져, ~ㄴ/은: 던진, ~ㄴ/는다: 던진다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 던집니다, ~ㄹ/을: 던질, ~니: 던지니, ~ㅁ/음: 던짐, ~(으)려고: 던지려고, ~(으)시: 던지시, ~(으)면: 던지면, ~(으)니: 던지니
examples:
- ko: 수업시간 동안 종이를 **던지**지 마세요
en: During class, don't **throw** paper please
@@ -343,8 +346,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-5-27.mp3
en: to not like
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "시러하다"</p>
<p>싫다 is an adjective that means "not good." 싫어하다 is a verb. Therefore, ~을/를 should be attached to the object in the sentence that one does not like.</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "시러하다"
싫다 is an adjective that means "not good." 싫어하다 is a verb. Therefore, ~을/를 should be attached to the object in the sentence that one does not like.
examples:
- ko: 저는 그 사람을 **싫어해요**
en: I **don't like** that person
@@ -363,8 +367,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-5-28.mp3
en: to leave somewhere
notes: |
<p>This word is usually only used if you are leaving something forever or for a very long time. If you want to say that you left your house (and are returning), you should use the words "출발하다" (to depart) or "나가다" (to go out).</p>
<p>~아/어: 떠나, ~ㄴ/은: 떠난, ~ㄴ/는다: 떠난다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 떠납니다, ~ㄹ/을: 떠날, ~니: 떠나니, ~ㅁ/음: 떠남, ~(으)려고: 떠나려고, ~(으)시: 떠나시, ~(으)면: 떠나면, ~(으)니: 떠나니</p>
This word is usually only used if you are leaving something forever or for a very long time. If you want to say that you left your house (and are returning), you should use the words "출발하다" (to depart) or "나가다" (to go out).
~아/어: 떠나, ~ㄴ/은: 떠난, ~ㄴ/는다: 떠난다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 떠납니다, ~ㄹ/을: 떠날, ~니: 떠나니, ~ㅁ/음: 떠남, ~(으)려고: 떠나려고, ~(으)시: 떠나시, ~(으)면: 떠나면, ~(으)니: 떠나니
examples:
- ko: "한국은 언제 **떠났어요**?"
en: When did you **leave** Korea?
@@ -401,7 +406,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-5-30.mp3
en: to be boring
notes: |
<p>In English we use similar words to describe that one is bored, and that something is boring. However, in Korean, these are separate words. If you are bored, you can use "심심하다." If something is boring (and thus, making you bored), you can use "지루하다"</p>
In English we use similar words to describe that one is bored, and that something is boring. However, in Korean, these are separate words. If you are bored, you can use "심심하다." If something is boring (and thus, making you bored), you can use "지루하다"
examples:
- ko: 수업은 매우 **지루해요**
en: Class is so **boring**
@@ -410,10 +415,13 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-5-31.mp3
en: for a person to be too thin
notes: |
<p>마르다 follows the 르 Irregular. See Lesson 7 for more information.</p>
<p>This is usually used in a negative way.</p>
<p>If you are telling somebody that they look (too) thin, this is usually used in the past tense. For example: 형! 너무 말랐어! = (Brother!) You look so thin!</p>
<p>~아/어: 말라, ~ㄴ/은: 마른, ~ㅂ/습니다: 마릅니다, ~ㄹ/을: 마를, ~니: 마르니, ~ㅁ/음: 마름, ~(으)려고: 마르려고, ~(으)시: 마르시, ~(으)면: 마르면, ~(으)니: 마르니</p>
마르다 follows the 르 Irregular. See Lesson 7 for more information.
This is usually used in a negative way.
If you are telling somebody that they look (too) thin, this is usually used in the past tense. For example: 형! 너무 말랐어! = (Brother!) You look so thin!
~아/어: 말라, ~ㄴ/은: 마른, ~ㅂ/습니다: 마릅니다, ~ㄹ/을: 마를, ~니: 마르니, ~ㅁ/음: 마름, ~(으)려고: 마르려고, ~(으)시: 마르시, ~(으)면: 마르면, ~(으)니: 마르니
examples:
- ko: 보통 모델들은 **말라요**
en: Models are usually **thin**
@@ -422,8 +430,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-5-33.mp3
en: to be far away
notes: |
<p>멀다 follows the ㄹ Irregular. See Lesson 7 for more information.</p>
<p>~아/어: 멀어, ~ㄴ/은: 먼, ~ㅂ/습니다: 멉니다, ~ㄹ/을: 멀, ~니: 머니, ~ㅁ/음: 멂, ~(으)려고: 멀려고, ~(으)시: 머시, ~(으)면: 멀면, ~(으)니: 머니</p>
멀다 follows the ㄹ Irregular. See Lesson 7 for more information.
~아/어: 멀어, ~ㄴ/은: 먼, ~ㅂ/습니다: 멉니다, ~ㄹ/을: 멀, ~니: 머니, ~ㅁ/음: 멂, ~(으)려고: 멀려고, ~(으)시: 머시, ~(으)면: 멀면, ~(으)니: 머니
examples:
- ko: 우리 집은 너무 **멀어요**
en: Our home is very **far**
@@ -434,9 +443,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-5-31.mp3
en: to be dry
notes: |
<p>마르다 follows the 르 Irregular. See Lesson 7 for more information.</p>
<p>Most commonly used as "목 마르다" (literally: dry throat) to indicate that one is thirsty.</p>
<p>~아/어: 말라, ~ㄴ/은: 마른, ~ㅂ/습니다: 마릅니다, ~ㄹ/을: 마를, ~니: 마르니, ~ㅁ/음: 마름, ~(으)려고: 마르려고, ~(으)시: 마르시, ~(으)면: 마르면, ~(으)니: 마르니</p>
마르다 follows the 르 Irregular. See Lesson 7 for more information.
Most commonly used as "목 마르다" (literally: dry throat) to indicate that one is thirsty.
~아/어: 말라, ~ㄴ/은: 마른, ~ㅂ/습니다: 마릅니다, ~ㄹ/을: 마를, ~니: 마르니, ~ㅁ/음: 마름, ~(으)려고: 마르려고, ~(으)시: 마르시, ~(으)면: 마르면, ~(으)니: 마르니
examples:
- ko: 그 강은 완전히 **말랐어요**
en: That river has completely **dried** up
@@ -445,8 +456,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-5-35.mp3
en: to be similar
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "비스타다"</p>
<p>~해: 비슷해, ~ㄴ/은: 비슷한, ~ㅂ/습니다: 비슷합니다, ~ㄹ/을: 비슷할, ~니: 비슷하니, ~ㅁ/음: 비슷함, ~(으)려고: 비슷하려고, ~(으)시: 비슷하시, ~(으)면: 비슷하면, ~(으)니: 비슷하니</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "비스타다"
~해: 비슷해, ~ㄴ/은: 비슷한, ~ㅂ/습니다: 비슷합니다, ~ㄹ/을: 비슷할, ~니: 비슷하니, ~ㅁ/음: 비슷함, ~(으)려고: 비슷하려고, ~(으)시: 비슷하시, ~(으)면: 비슷하면, ~(으)니: 비슷하니
examples:
- ko: 저와 저의 아버지는 너무 **비슷해요**
en: My father and I are very **similar**
@@ -457,9 +469,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-5-36.mp3
en: to not be good
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "실타"</p>
<p>싫다 can be used to say "one does not like" by attaching ~이/가 to an object. For more information, see Lesson 15.</p>
<p>~아/어: 싫어, ~ㄴ/은: 싫은, ~ㅂ/습니다: 싫습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 싫을, ~니: 싫으니, ~ㅁ/음: 싫음, ~(으)려고: 싫으려고, ~(으)시: 싫으시, ~(으)면: 싫으면, ~(으)니: 싫으니</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "실타"
싫다 can be used to say "one does not like" by attaching ~이/가 to an object. For more information, see Lesson 15.
~아/어: 싫어, ~ㄴ/은: 싫은, ~ㅂ/습니다: 싫습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 싫을, ~니: 싫으니, ~ㅁ/음: 싫음, ~(으)려고: 싫으려고, ~(으)시: 싫으시, ~(으)면: 싫으면, ~(으)니: 싫으니
examples:
- ko: 저는 그 사람이 **싫어요**
en: I **don't like** that person
@@ -472,8 +486,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-5-32.mp3
en: for an object to be old
notes: |
<p>Like 낡다, 오래되다 can only be used to describe objects – but 낡다 implies that the object in question is also damaged/rugged in some form. Using 오래되다 simply implies that it has been a long time since something was built/released/bought, etc...</p>
<p>~아/어: 오래돼, ~ㄴ/은: 오래된, ~ㅂ/습니다: 오래됐다 (most common past tense form), ~ㄹ/을: 오래될, ~니: 오래되니, ~ㅁ/음: 오래됨, ~(으)려고: 오래되려고, ~(으)시: 오래되시, ~(으)면: 오래되면, ~(으)니: 오래되니</p>
Like 낡다, 오래되다 can only be used to describe objects – but 낡다 implies that the object in question is also damaged/rugged in some form. Using 오래되다 simply implies that it has been a long time since something was built/released/bought, etc...
~아/어: 오래돼, ~ㄴ/은: 오래된, ~ㅂ/습니다: 오래됐다 (most common past tense form), ~ㄹ/을: 오래될, ~니: 오래되니, ~ㅁ/음: 오래됨, ~(으)려고: 오래되려고, ~(으)시: 오래되시, ~(으)면: 오래되면, ~(으)니: 오래되니
examples:
- ko: 저는 저의 **오래된** 핸드폰을 팔았어요
en: I sold my **old** phone
@@ -490,8 +505,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Lesson27v45.mp3
en: to be hungry
notes: |
<p>This is sometimes as "배가 고프다"</p>
<p>~아/어: 배고파, ~ㄴ/은: 배고픈, ~ㅂ/습니다: 배고픕니다, ~ㄹ/을: 배고플, ~니: 배고프니, ~ㅁ/음: 배고픔, ~(으)려고: 배고프려고, ~(으)시: 배고프시, ~(으)면: 배고프면, ~(으)니: 배고프니</p>
This is sometimes as "배가 고프다"
~아/어: 배고파, ~ㄴ/은: 배고픈, ~ㅂ/습니다: 배고픕니다, ~ㄹ/을: 배고플, ~니: 배고프니, ~ㅁ/음: 배고픔, ~(으)려고: 배고프려고, ~(으)시: 배고프시, ~(으)면: 배고프면, ~(으)니: 배고프니
examples:
- ko: 나는 별로 **배고프지 않아**
en: I'm not really **hungry**
@@ -569,8 +585,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-5-47.mp3
en: the day after tomorrow
notes: |
<p>Often said as "내일모레"</p>
<p>This word is commonly misspelled as "모래" (which actually means "sand")</p>
Often said as "내일모레"
This word is commonly misspelled as "모래" (which actually means "sand")
examples:
- ko: 학교가 **모레** 닫혀 있을 거예요
en: The school will be closed **two days from now**
@@ -599,7 +616,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-5-49.mp3
en: day
notes: |
<p>When talking about a day, "날" should be used. For more information, see Lesson 11.</p>
When talking about a day, "날" should be used. For more information, see Lesson 11.
examples:
- ko: 저는 토요**일**에 학교에 안 가요
en: I don't go to school on Satur**day**
@@ -610,9 +627,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-5-50.mp3
en: time
notes: |
<p>You can use this word to indicate that something was done for a certain amount of hours. In addition, it can mean "time" as in "last time" or "this time." For more information, visit Lesson 11.</p>
<p>This word appears in my Korean Sign Explanation Video #1.</p>
<p><YouTube id="5oqbDZymdBM" /></p>
You can use this word to indicate that something was done for a certain amount of hours. In addition, it can mean "time" as in "last time" or "this time." For more information, visit Lesson 11.
This word appears in my Korean Sign Explanation Video #1.
<YouTube id="5oqbDZymdBM" />
examples:
- ko: 저는 두 **시간** 동안 공부했어요
en: I studied for two **hours**