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docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/01-sentences.md
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@@ -59,9 +59,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-1-4.mp3
en: I, me (formal)
notes: |
<p>When used as the subject of a sentence, 저 translates to "I," when used as the object of a sentence, "저" translates to "me." For example: "저는 그 여자를 사랑해요" = "I love that girl", "그 여자는 저를 사랑해요" = "That girl loves me"</p>
<p>저 changes to 제 when 이/가 are attached. See Lesson 2 for more information. For example: "제가 한국을 좋아해요" = "I like Korea"</p>
<p>나 is used instead of 저 in informal situations.</p>
When used as the subject of a sentence, 저 translates to "I," when used as the object of a sentence, "저" translates to "me." For example: "저는 그 여자를 사랑해요" = "I love that girl", "그 여자는 저를 사랑해요" = "That girl loves me"
저 changes to 제 when 이/가 are attached. See Lesson 2 for more information. For example: "제가 한국을 좋아해요" = "I like Korea"
나 is used instead of 저 in informal situations.
examples:
- ko: "**저**는 친구를 만났어요"
en: "**I** met a friend"
@@ -76,9 +78,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-1-5.mp3
en: I, me (informal)
notes: |
<p>When used as the subject of a sentence, 나 translates to "I," when used as the object of a sentence, "나" translates to "me." For example: "나는 그 여자를 사랑해" = "I love that girl", "그 여자는 나를 사랑해" = "That girl loves me"</p>
<p>나 changes to 내 when 이/가 are attached. See Lesson 2 for more information. For example: "내가 한국을 좋아해" = "I like Korea"</p>
<p>저 is used instead of 나 in formal situations.</p>
When used as the subject of a sentence, 나 translates to "I," when used as the object of a sentence, "나" translates to "me." For example: "나는 그 여자를 사랑해" = "I love that girl", "그 여자는 나를 사랑해" = "That girl loves me"
나 changes to 내 when 이/가 are attached. See Lesson 2 for more information. For example: "내가 한국을 좋아해" = "I like Korea"
저 is used instead of 나 in formal situations.
examples:
- ko: "**나**는 친구를 만났어"
en: "**I** met a friend"
@@ -123,8 +127,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-1-9.mp3
en: this
notes: |
<p>이 is a type of word called a "관형사," which isn't an adjective, but is another type of word that can be placed before nouns to describe them. In English, "관형사" translates to a "modifier" or "a determiner." 이 is placed before nouns within reaching distance to indicate that one is talking about "this" specific thing. For example: "이 사람" = "this person"</p>
<p>It is easy to distinguish between a determiner and an adjective in Korean. Although both placed before nouns to "describe" them, the dictionary (ordinary) form of an adjective always ends in ~다 and must change in order to describe them. For example, 예쁘다 changes to 예쁜 when placed before a noun to describe it (See Lesson 3 for more information). Determiners keep their original form when placed before a noun. This might be too much grammar for you at this point, but make a note of it.</p>
이 is a type of word called a "관형사," which isn't an adjective, but is another type of word that can be placed before nouns to describe them. In English, "관형사" translates to a "modifier" or "a determiner." 이 is placed before nouns within reaching distance to indicate that one is talking about "this" specific thing. For example: "이 사람" = "this person"
It is easy to distinguish between a determiner and an adjective in Korean. Although both placed before nouns to "describe" them, the dictionary (ordinary) form of an adjective always ends in ~다 and must change in order to describe them. For example, 예쁘다 changes to 예쁜 when placed before a noun to describe it (See Lesson 3 for more information). Determiners keep their original form when placed before a noun. This might be too much grammar for you at this point, but make a note of it.
examples:
- ko: "**이** 차는 너무 비싸요"
en: "**This** car is too expensive"
@@ -141,8 +146,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-1-8.mp3
en: that
notes: |
<p>그 is another example of a "관형사" in Korean. 그 is placed before nouns that are being referred to from context or a previous sentence. For example, if your father is talking about a specific person, you can refer to "that person" by saying "그 사람."</p>
<p>See more information about 관형사 in my description of "이" above.</p>
그 is another example of a "관형사" in Korean. 그 is placed before nouns that are being referred to from context or a previous sentence. For example, if your father is talking about a specific person, you can refer to "that person" by saying "그 사람."
See more information about 관형사 in my description of "이" above.
examples:
- ko: "**그** 남자는 저의 아버지예요"
en: "**That** man is my father"
@@ -159,10 +165,13 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-1-10.mp3
en: that (when something is far away)
notes: |
<p>저 is another example of a "관형사" in Korean. 저 is placed before nouns that are far away (not within reach). For example, if you want to refer to the person across the street, you can refer to "that person" by saying "저 사람."</p>
<p>그 and 저 both translate to "that." This often causes confusion for English speakers.</p>
<p>Also notice that "저" has more than one meaning. Earlier, you saw that "저" means "I/me." Welcome to the world of Korean! Where often times one word has more than one meaning.</p>
<p>See more information about 관형사 in my description of "이" above.</p>
저 is another example of a "관형사" in Korean. 저 is placed before nouns that are far away (not within reach). For example, if you want to refer to the person across the street, you can refer to "that person" by saying "저 사람."
그 and 저 both translate to "that." This often causes confusion for English speakers.
Also notice that "저" has more than one meaning. Earlier, you saw that "저" means "I/me." Welcome to the world of Korean! Where often times one word has more than one meaning.
See more information about 관형사 in my description of "이" above.
examples:
- ko: "**저** 사람은 누구예요?"
en: Who is **that** person?
@@ -181,8 +190,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-1-11.mp3
en: thing
notes: |
<p>Not only used as a simple noun, but also used as a noun that can be described by full sentences. See Lesson 26 for more information about this.</p>
<p>것 can be shortened to 거. 것이 can be shortened to 게</p>
Not only used as a simple noun, but also used as a noun that can be described by full sentences. See Lesson 26 for more information about this.
것 can be shortened to 거. 것이 can be shortened to 게
examples:
- ko: 저는 비싼 **것**만 좋아해요
en: I only like expensive **things**
@@ -197,10 +207,13 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-1-v.mp3
en: this (thing)
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "이걷"</p>
<p>이것 is often shortened to 이거 in speech.</p>
<p>When 이, 그 or 저 are placed before "것," the result is a compound word. Therefore, when placing "것" after 이, 그 or 저, there should not be a space between the two.</p>
<p>Although it can be translated as "this thing," 이것 itself is a pronoun and can be simplified to translate to "this." For more information, see the explanation in Lesson 1.</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "이걷"
이것 is often shortened to 이거 in speech.
When 이, 그 or 저 are placed before "것," the result is a compound word. Therefore, when placing "것" after 이, 그 or 저, there should not be a space between the two.
Although it can be translated as "this thing," 이것 itself is a pronoun and can be simplified to translate to "this." For more information, see the explanation in Lesson 1.
examples:
- ko: "**이것**은 뭐야?"
en: What is **this (thing)**?
@@ -225,10 +238,13 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-1-v2.mp3
en: that (thing)
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "그걷"</p>
<p>그것 is often shortened to 그거 in speech.</p>
<p>When 이, 그 or 저 are placed before "것," the result is a compound word. Therefore, when placing "것" after 이, 그 or 저, there should not be a space between the two.</p>
<p>Although it can be translated as "that thing," 그것 itself is a pronoun and can be simplified to translate to "that." For more information, see the explanation in Lesson 1.</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "그걷"
그것 is often shortened to 그거 in speech.
When 이, 그 or 저 are placed before "것," the result is a compound word. Therefore, when placing "것" after 이, 그 or 저, there should not be a space between the two.
Although it can be translated as "that thing," 그것 itself is a pronoun and can be simplified to translate to "that." For more information, see the explanation in Lesson 1.
examples:
- ko: 저는 **그것**을 손으로 만들었어요
en: I built **that (thing)** with my hands
@@ -245,10 +261,13 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-1-v3.mp3
en: that (thing)
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "저걷"</p>
<p>저것 is often shortened to 저거 in speech.</p>
<p>When 이, 그 or 저 are placed before "것," the result is a compound word. Therefore, when placing "것" after 이, 그 or 저, there should not be a space between the two.</p>
<p>Although it can be translated as "that thing," 저것 itself is a pronoun and can be simplified to translate to "that." For more information, see the explanation in Lesson 1.</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "저걷"
저것 is often shortened to 저거 in speech.
When 이, 그 or 저 are placed before "것," the result is a compound word. Therefore, when placing "것" after 이, 그 or 저, there should not be a space between the two.
Although it can be translated as "that thing," 저것 itself is a pronoun and can be simplified to translate to "that." For more information, see the explanation in Lesson 1.
examples:
- ko: "**저것**은 사과예요"
en: "**That (thing)** is an apple"
@@ -261,8 +280,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-1-12.mp3
en: chair
notes: |
<p>This word appears in Korean Sign Explanation [Video 14]</p>
<p><YouTube id="b8X6ryrJGeY" /></p>
This word appears in Korean Sign Explanation [Video 14]
<YouTube id="b8X6ryrJGeY" />
examples:
- ko: 그녀는 **의자**에서 일어났어요
en: She rose up from her **chair**
@@ -277,8 +297,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-1-13.mp3
en: table
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "탁짜"</p>
<p>The little table that Korean people use when they sit on the floor to have meals is called a "상." A kitchen table can be referred to more specifically by saying "식탁."</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "탁짜"
The little table that Korean people use when they sit on the floor to have meals is called a "상." A kitchen table can be referred to more specifically by saying "식탁."
examples:
- ko: 저는 잡지를 **탁자** 위에 놓을 거예요
en: I will put the magazine on the **table**
@@ -297,8 +318,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-1-14.mp3
en: teacher
notes: |
<p>This is often colloquially shortened to "쌤"</p>
<p>선생님 (or 쌤) is often used to broadly refer to anybody in any form of a teaching position, or anybody who works at any position in a school. For example, the maintenance people who work at a school would be referred to as "선생님" within the school.</p>
This is often colloquially shortened to "쌤"
선생님 (or 쌤) is often used to broadly refer to anybody in any form of a teaching position, or anybody who works at any position in a school. For example, the maintenance people who work at a school would be referred to as "선생님" within the school.
examples:
- ko: 저는 **선생님**이 되고 싶어요
en: I want to be a **teacher**
@@ -375,8 +397,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-1-18.mp3
en: person
notes: |
<p>The formal version of 사람 is "분"</p>
<p>The counter for people is "명" (informal) or "분" (formal). See Lesson 10 for more information</p>
The formal version of 사람 is "분"
The counter for people is "명" (informal) or "분" (formal). See Lesson 10 for more information
examples:
- ko: 그 **사람**은 아주 똑똑해요
en: That **person** is very smart
@@ -448,7 +471,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-1-22.mp3
en: sofa
notes: |
<p>Many new Korean words are simply English words with a Korean pronunciation pronouncing "소파" in Korean will sound like "sofa." Note that there is no way to pronounce the "F" sound in Korean. English words with an "F" that are borrowed to Korean usually use "ㅍ" to make the "F" sound.</p>
Many new Korean words are simply English words with a Korean pronunciation pronouncing "소파" in Korean will sound like "sofa." Note that there is no way to pronounce the "F" sound in Korean. English words with an "F" that are borrowed to Korean usually use "ㅍ" to make the "F" sound.
examples:
- ko: 그는 **소파**에 앉아 있어요
en: He is sitting on the **couch**
@@ -497,8 +520,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-1-25.mp3
en: door
notes: |
<p>On the subway, you will hear "내리실 문은 왼쪽/오른쪽이에요" – "The doors are on your left/right."</p>
<p>On the bus, you will see signs saying "문이 완전히 열릴 때까지 버스에서 내리거나 문에 기대지 마세요" – "Until the door is fully/completely open, don't get off the bus or lean on the door"</p>
On the subway, you will hear "내리실 문은 왼쪽/오른쪽이에요" – "The doors are on your left/right."
On the bus, you will see signs saying "문이 완전히 열릴 때까지 버스에서 내리거나 문에 기대지 마세요" – "Until the door is fully/completely open, don't get off the bus or lean on the door"
examples:
- ko: "**문**을 닫아야 돼요"
en: You have to close the **door**
@@ -549,8 +573,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-1-27.mp3
en: to be
notes: |
<p>This is the first time you are being introduced to a word that must be conjugated in order to be used. Visit Lesson 5 for more information. Any word that ends in "다" must be conjugated to be used. The conjugation of 이다 is different than other words. I introduce all of these conjugations in Lesson 9.</p>
<p>"to be" can be many words in English. For example, I am, he is, they are, I was, they were. 이다 acts as all of these words.</p>
This is the first time you are being introduced to a word that must be conjugated in order to be used. Visit Lesson 5 for more information. Any word that ends in "다" must be conjugated to be used. The conjugation of 이다 is different than other words. I introduce all of these conjugations in Lesson 9.
"to be" can be many words in English. For example, I am, he is, they are, I was, they were. 이다 acts as all of these words.
examples:
- ko: 저는 예쁜 여자**예요**
en: I **am** a beautiful girl
@@ -569,8 +594,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-1-29.mp3
en: "yes"
notes: |
<p>Informally, you can say "응" to mean "yes"</p>
<p>When speaking on the phone, Korean people often say this many times and pronounce it as "데"</p>
Informally, you can say "응" to mean "yes"
When speaking on the phone, Korean people often say this many times and pronounce it as "데"
examples:
- ko: "**네**, 저는 가고 싶어요"
en: "**Yes**, I want to go"
@@ -587,12 +613,12 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-1-30.mp3
en: "no"
notes: |
<p>In formal situations, "아니요" is more respectful</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>아니요</strong>, 안 했어요 = <strong>No</strong>, I didn’t do it</li>
</ul>
<p>Person 1: 숙소비가 얼마예요? 10만원? = How much is the lodging fee? 100,000 won?</p>
<p>Person 2: <strong>아니요</strong>. 10만원 조금 넘어요 = <strong>No</strong>. A little more than 100,000 won</p>
In formal situations, "아니요" is more respectful
* **아니요**, 안 했어요 = **No**, I didn’t do it
Person 1: 숙소비가 얼마예요? 10만원? = How much is the lodging fee? 100,000 won?
Person 2: **아니요**. 10만원 조금 넘어요 = **No**. A little more than 100,000 won
examples:
- ko: "**아니요**, 안 했어요"
en: "**No**, I didn't do it"