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docs/howtostudykorean/theme/03-eating.md
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@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 밥
en: rice (or a "meal" or "food")
notes: |
<p>밥 literally means "cooked rice," but Korean people commonly use it to mean "a meal" in general, regardless of whether the meal actually contains rice.</p>
밥 literally means "cooked rice," but Korean people commonly use it to mean "a meal" in general, regardless of whether the meal actually contains rice.
examples:
- ko: "**밥** 먹자!"
en: Let's **eat**!
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 식사
en: meal
notes: |
<p>식사 is also used when people order some sort of soup/stew at a restaurant. For example, at a Korean BBQ restaurant you might say "식사만 할 거예요," meaning "I'm just going to have [this type of] meal."</p>
식사 is also used when people order some sort of soup/stew at a restaurant. For example, at a Korean BBQ restaurant you might say "식사만 할 거예요," meaning "I'm just going to have [this type of] meal."
examples:
- ko: "**식사** 할 거에요?"
en: Will you **eat**?
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 소주
en: a type of Korean traditional alcohol (strong, clear distilled liquor)
notes: |
<p>[A strong, clear distilled liquor, similar in strength to vodka; probably the most commonly consumed alcoholic drink in Korea]</p>
[A strong, clear distilled liquor, similar in strength to vodka; probably the most commonly consumed alcoholic drink in Korea]
examples:
- ko: "**소주**를 좀 더 따라 줄까요?"
en: Shall I pour you a bit more **soju**?
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 막걸리
en: a type of Korean traditional alcohol (milky, lightly sparkling rice wine)
notes: |
<p>[A milky, lightly sparkling rice wine, lower in alcohol content than 소주]</p>
[A milky, lightly sparkling rice wine, lower in alcohol content than 소주]
examples:
- ko: "**막걸리**를 좋아해요?"
en: Do you like **makgeolli**?
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 사이다
en: '"cider" (this tastes similar to Sprite/7-Up)'
notes: |
<p>[Not alcoholic cider — 사이다 is a clear, carbonated soft drink similar to Sprite/7-Up]</p>
[Not alcoholic cider — 사이다 is a clear, carbonated soft drink similar to Sprite/7-Up]
examples:
- ko: "**사이다** 있어요?"
en: Do you have **cider (Sprite-like soda)**?
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 국내산
en: some product/food from Korea
notes: |
<p>~산 is attached after a country name to indicate the origin of a food product (e.g. "호주산" = "from Australia"). If the product is from Korea, "국내산" (domestic) is used instead of "한국산."</p>
~산 is attached after a country name to indicate the origin of a food product (e.g. "호주산" = "from Australia"). If the product is from Korea, "국내산" (domestic) is used instead of "한국산."
examples:
- ko: 김치 – **국내산**
en: Kimchi – **Korea (domestic)**
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 상
en: small traditional Korean table that folds out
notes: |
<p>[A low, often foldable table used when sitting on the floor to eat, as opposed to 탁자, which refers to a more general/modern table]</p>
[A low, often foldable table used when sitting on the floor to eat, as opposed to 탁자, which refers to a more general/modern table]
examples:
- ko: "**상**을 펴 주세요"
en: Please fold out the **table**
@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 김치냉장고
en: kimchi refrigerator
notes: |
<p>Many Korean households have a separate refrigerator dedicated just to kimchi, called 김치냉장고, kept at a different temperature/humidity ideal for storing and fermenting kimchi.</p>
Many Korean households have a separate refrigerator dedicated just to kimchi, called 김치냉장고, kept at a different temperature/humidity ideal for storing and fermenting kimchi.
examples:
- ko: "**김치냉장고**에 김치가 많아요"
en: There is a lot of kimchi in the **kimchi fridge**
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 메뉴
en: menu
notes: |
<p>Korean people use 메뉴 to refer to the food that can be served at a restaurant/other place, not to the physical booklet listing the food. In English, "menu" usually refers to the physical booklet, which in Korean is called "메뉴판."</p>
Korean people use 메뉴 to refer to the food that can be served at a restaurant/other place, not to the physical booklet listing the food. In English, "menu" usually refers to the physical booklet, which in Korean is called "메뉴판."
examples:
- ko: 오늘 점심 **메뉴**가 뭐야?
en: What is today's lunch **menu**?
@@ -331,7 +331,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 주다
en: to give
notes: |
<p>~아/어 주세요 ("please give [me the favor of]...") is extremely common when politely requesting something, so many example sentences with 주다 look like requests rather than the literal verb "to give."</p>
~아/어 주세요 ("please give [me the favor of]...") is extremely common when politely requesting something, so many example sentences with 주다 look like requests rather than the literal verb "to give."
examples:
- ko: 물 **주세요**
en: Water, please
@@ -347,7 +347,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 주문하다
en: to order (place an order, e.g. at a counter/register)
notes: |
<p>[More formal/neutral sounding than 시키다; commonly used when speaking about the act of ordering itself, e.g. at a counter]</p>
[More formal/neutral sounding than 시키다; commonly used when speaking about the act of ordering itself, e.g. at a counter]
examples:
- ko: "**주문할게요**"
en: I'm going to **order** now
@@ -357,7 +357,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 시키다
en: to order (request food/drinks be brought to you)
notes: |
<p>[Often used interchangeably with 주문하다 when ordering food, but 시키다 can also mean "to make someone do something"]</p>
[Often used interchangeably with 주문하다 when ordering food, but 시키다 can also mean "to make someone do something"]
examples:
- ko: 뭐 **시켰어요**?
en: What did you **order**?
@@ -367,7 +367,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 계산하다
en: to settle the bill
notes: |
<p>[Literally "to calculate"; used specifically for paying a bill, e.g. at a restaurant or store]</p>
[Literally "to calculate"; used specifically for paying a bill, e.g. at a restaurant or store]
examples:
- ko: "**계산이요**"
en: Said when you want to pay for your meal at a restaurant
@@ -375,7 +375,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 내다
en: to pay (talking about who pays/covers the cost)
notes: |
<p>[Used when talking about who pays/covers the cost, as opposed to 계산하다, which is used for the act of settling the bill]</p>
[Used when talking about who pays/covers the cost, as opposed to 계산하다, which is used for the act of settling the bill]
examples:
- ko: 제가 **낼게요**
en: I'll **pay**
@@ -424,7 +424,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 맛있다
en: delicious
notes: |
<p>The word "맛" means "taste." So 맛있다 (or 맛이 있다) literally means "to have taste," and 맛없다 (or 맛이 없다) literally means "to not have taste."</p>
The word "맛" means "taste." So 맛있다 (or 맛이 있다) literally means "to have taste," and 맛없다 (or 맛이 없다) literally means "to not have taste."
examples:
- ko: 이 게 **맛있어요**
en: This is **delicious**
@@ -436,7 +436,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 맛없다
en: not delicious
notes: |
<p>Literally "to not have taste" (맛이 없다). See notes on 맛있다.</p>
Literally "to not have taste" (맛이 없다). See notes on 맛있다.
examples:
- ko: 이 음식은 좀 **맛없어요**
en: This food is a bit **not delicious**
@@ -448,7 +448,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 짜다
en: salty
notes: |
<p>[In English, "salty" is usually only used when something literally has too much salt. In Korean, 짜다 is used much more broadly to describe anything over-seasoned, so it's heard far more often than its English counterpart.]</p>
[In English, "salty" is usually only used when something literally has too much salt. In Korean, 짜다 is used much more broadly to describe anything over-seasoned, so it's heard far more often than its English counterpart.]
examples:
- ko: 이 국은 너무 **짜요**
en: This soup is too **salty**
@@ -460,7 +460,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 느끼하다
en: greasy
notes: |
<p>[Describes food, or the feeling after eating food, that is heavy/doughy/oily — commonly spaghetti, pizza, bread, or anything with a lot of cheese/wheat. Eating something pickled is a common way to counteract this feeling, which is why pickles are often served with pizza or pasta in Korea.]</p>
[Describes food, or the feeling after eating food, that is heavy/doughy/oily — commonly spaghetti, pizza, bread, or anything with a lot of cheese/wheat. Eating something pickled is a common way to counteract this feeling, which is why pickles are often served with pizza or pasta in Korea.]
examples:
- ko: 이 피자는 너무 **느끼해요**
en: This pizza is too **greasy**
@@ -472,7 +472,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 고소하다
en: nutty
notes: |
<p>[Describes a nutty taste/aroma, most commonly associated with sesame oil (참기름); hard to translate perfectly into English]</p>
[Describes a nutty taste/aroma, most commonly associated with sesame oil (참기름); hard to translate perfectly into English]
examples:
- ko: 참기름 냄새가 **고소해요**
en: The sesame oil smells **nutty**
@@ -486,10 +486,13 @@ vocabulary:
ko_text: 아침
en: breakfast
notes: |
<p>아침 also means "morning" (hence 아침식사 literally means "morning meal"), but context always makes clear whether the speaker means "morning" or "breakfast." For example:</p>
<p>저는 아침에 일찍 일어났어요 = I woke up early in the morning</p>
<p>저는 아침을 먹었어요 = I ate breakfast</p>
<p>The same applies to 점심 and 저녁.</p>
아침 also means "morning" (hence 아침식사 literally means "morning meal"), but context always makes clear whether the speaker means "morning" or "breakfast." For example:
저는 아침에 일찍 일어났어요 = I woke up early in the morning
저는 아침을 먹었어요 = I ate breakfast
The same applies to 점심 and 저녁.
examples:
- ko: 저는 **아침식사**로 밥을 먹었어요
en: I ate rice for **breakfast**
@@ -502,7 +505,7 @@ vocabulary:
ko_text: 점심
en: lunch
notes: |
<p>Like 아침, 점심 can stand alone (without 식사 attached) to mean "lunch," and context makes it clear whether "lunch" is meant. Unlike 아침, 점심 does not separately mean "midday" the way 아침 means "morning" — in everyday use, 점심 simply refers to the meal.</p>
Like 아침, 점심 can stand alone (without 식사 attached) to mean "lunch," and context makes it clear whether "lunch" is meant. Unlike 아침, 점심 does not separately mean "midday" the way 아침 means "morning" — in everyday use, 점심 simply refers to the meal.
examples:
- ko: "**점심**으로 뭐 먹고 싶어요?"
en: What do you want to eat for **lunch**?
@@ -519,9 +522,11 @@ vocabulary:
ko_text: 저녁
en: dinner
notes: |
<p>Like 아침, 저녁 can be used alone (without 식사 attached) to mean "dinner." 저녁 also means "evening," and just as with 아침, context makes it clear whether the speaker means "evening" or "dinner." For example:</p>
<p>저는 저녁에 운동해요 = I exercise in the evening</p>
<p>저는 저녁을 먹었어요 = I ate dinner</p>
Like 아침, 저녁 can be used alone (without 식사 attached) to mean "dinner." 저녁 also means "evening," and just as with 아침, context makes it clear whether the speaker means "evening" or "dinner." For example:
저는 저녁에 운동해요 = I exercise in the evening
저는 저녁을 먹었어요 = I ate dinner
examples:
- ko: "**저녁**으로 뭐 먹을래요?"
en: What shall we eat for **dinner**?
@@ -534,8 +539,9 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: (배추)김치
en: (cabbage) kimchi
notes: |
<p><img src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/banchan3.jpg"></p>
<p>There are many types of kimchi, but when Korean people just say "김치" without specifying, they usually mean the kimchi made from Korean cabbage (배추). The full name "배추김치" is rarely necessary — "김치" alone is understood to mean this type.</p>
![](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/banchan3.jpg)
There are many types of kimchi, but when Korean people just say "김치" without specifying, they usually mean the kimchi made from Korean cabbage (배추). The full name "배추김치" is rarely necessary — "김치" alone is understood to mean this type.
examples:
- ko: "**김치**에 재료가 많이 들어가요"
en: There are a lot of ingredients in **kimchi**
@@ -559,7 +565,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 깍두기
en: diced radish kimchi
notes: |
<p>[Made from radish cut into small cubes; one of the most common banchan alongside 배추김치]</p>
[Made from radish cut into small cubes; one of the most common banchan alongside 배추김치]
examples:
- ko: "**깍두기**도 좀 주세요"
en: Please also give me some **diced radish kimchi**
@@ -571,8 +577,9 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 무생채
en: sliced radish kimchi
notes: |
<p><img src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/banchan4.jpg"></p>
<p>[Made from thinly sliced radish that is seasoned but not fermented, unlike most other kimchi; has a fresher, more salad-like texture]</p>
![](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/banchan4.jpg)
[Made from thinly sliced radish that is seasoned but not fermented, unlike most other kimchi; has a fresher, more salad-like texture]
examples:
- ko: "**무생채**는 안 매워요"
en: "**Sliced radish kimchi** is not spicy"
@@ -584,7 +591,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 오이김치
en: cucumber kimchi
notes: |
<p>[Made from cucumber, usually stuffed with a spicy radish/chive filling; lighter and more refreshing than cabbage kimchi]</p>
[Made from cucumber, usually stuffed with a spicy radish/chive filling; lighter and more refreshing than cabbage kimchi]
examples:
- ko: 여름에는 **오이김치**를 자주 먹어요
en: I often eat **cucumber kimchi** in the summer
@@ -596,7 +603,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 총각김치
en: radish kimchi
notes: |
<p>[Made with whole small "chonggak" radishes, often including the green tops, usually left whole or cut in half. Compare with 열무김치, which uses young summer radish, and 깍두기, which uses diced radish.]</p>
[Made with whole small "chonggak" radishes, often including the green tops, usually left whole or cut in half. Compare with 열무김치, which uses young summer radish, and 깍두기, which uses diced radish.]
examples:
- ko: "**총각김치**는 무가 통째로 들어가요"
en: "**Chonggak kimchi** has the whole radish in it"
@@ -608,7 +615,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 열무김치
en: radish kimchi
notes: |
<p>[Made with young summer radish (열무), which has soft leaves and thin roots. Often eaten with cold noodles (열무국수) in summer. Compare with 총각김치, which uses a different, more mature radish.]</p>
[Made with young summer radish (열무), which has soft leaves and thin roots. Often eaten with cold noodles (열무국수) in summer. Compare with 총각김치, which uses a different, more mature radish.]
examples:
- ko: "**열무김치**는 여름에 인기가 많아요"
en: "**Yeolmu kimchi** is very popular in summer"
@@ -620,7 +627,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 나물
en: seasoned herbs/vegetables
notes: |
<p>[A general term for banchan made from herbs or vegetables that are blanched/cooked and then seasoned, typically with sesame oil, garlic, and salt. 콩나물 무침 is one specific example of 나물.]</p>
[A general term for banchan made from herbs or vegetables that are blanched/cooked and then seasoned, typically with sesame oil, garlic, and salt. 콩나물 무침 is one specific example of 나물.]
examples:
- ko: 저는 **나물**을 좋아해요
en: I like **seasoned vegetables**
@@ -632,7 +639,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 콩나물 무침
en: seasoned beansprout
notes: |
<p>[A specific type of 나물 made from soybean sprouts (콩나물), seasoned typically with sesame oil, garlic, and salt]</p>
[A specific type of 나물 made from soybean sprouts (콩나물), seasoned typically with sesame oil, garlic, and salt]
examples:
- ko: "**콩나물 무침**을 만들어 줄게요"
en: I'll make you some **seasoned beansprouts**
@@ -645,7 +652,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 국
en: soup (with one main ingredient and a lot of water)
notes: |
<p>[More of a soup with one main ingredient and a lot of water, compared to 찌개 and 탕]</p>
[More of a soup with one main ingredient and a lot of water, compared to 찌개 and 탕]
examples:
- ko: "**미역국**을 먹었어요"
en: I ate seaweed **soup**
@@ -654,7 +661,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 찌개
en: stew (less water, lots of things boiled together)
notes: |
<p>[More of a stew with less water than 국, and lots of ingredients boiled together]</p>
[More of a stew with less water than 국, and lots of ingredients boiled together]
examples:
- ko: "**김치찌개**를 시켰어요"
en: I ordered kimchi **stew**
@@ -663,7 +670,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 탕
en: '"tang" (watery, but boiled for a long time with a lot of stuff in it)'
notes: |
<p>[Watery like 국, but boiled for a long time and containing a lot of ingredients, often meat/bones]</p>
[Watery like 국, but boiled for a long time and containing a lot of ingredients, often meat/bones]
examples:
- ko: "**삼계탕**을 여름에 먹어요"
en: I eat **samgyetang** (chicken ginseng **soup**) in the summer
@@ -692,7 +699,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 삼계탕
en: chicken soup with ginseng
notes: |
<p>[Often eaten in the summer, believed to help restore energy during hot weather]</p>
[Often eaten in the summer, believed to help restore energy during hot weather]
examples:
- ko: 더운 날에는 **삼계탕**을 먹어요
en: We eat **samgyetang** on hot days
@@ -704,7 +711,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 닭볶음탕
en: stir fried chicken pot
notes: |
<p><img src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/dalkbokkeumtang.jpg"></p>
![](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/dalkbokkeumtang.jpg)
examples:
- ko: "**닭볶음탕**은 좀 매워요"
en: "**Dakbokkeumtang** is a bit spicy"
@@ -746,8 +753,9 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 감자탕
en: pork vertebrae stew
notes: |
<p><img src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/kamjatang.jpg"></p>
<p>감자 also means "potato" in Korean, so many foreigners (and even some younger Korean people) incorrectly assume that 감자탕 should contain potatoes. You'll often see potatoes in 감자탕, but this is reportedly a modern phenomenon caused by people ordering 감자탕 and arguing that there should be potatoes in their "potato stew."</p>
![](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/kamjatang.jpg)
감자 also means "potato" in Korean, so many foreigners (and even some younger Korean people) incorrectly assume that 감자탕 should contain potatoes. You'll often see potatoes in 감자탕, but this is reportedly a modern phenomenon caused by people ordering 감자탕 and arguing that there should be potatoes in their "potato stew."
examples:
- ko: "**감자탕**에는 감자가 없을 수도 있어요"
en: "**Gamjatang** might not have any potatoes in it"
@@ -759,7 +767,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 부대찌개
en: Army soup
notes: |
<p>During the Korean war, the US military used to give extra food to Korean people on the street. This usually consisted of things like hot-dogs and other similar items, so Korean people at the time took all the ingredients and made a stew out of it.</p>
During the Korean war, the US military used to give extra food to Korean people on the street. This usually consisted of things like hot-dogs and other similar items, so Korean people at the time took all the ingredients and made a stew out of it.
examples:
- ko: "**부대찌개**에는 소시지랑 햄이 들어가요"
en: "**Budae-jjigae** has sausage and ham in it"
@@ -772,7 +780,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 삼겹살
en: pork belly (similar to bacon, but thicker)
notes: |
<p><img src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/samgyupsal.jpg"></p>
![](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/samgyupsal.jpg)
examples:
- ko: "**삼겹살** 2개랑 밥 2공기 주세요"
en: Two orders of **Samgyupsal**, and two orders of rice, please
@@ -780,7 +788,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 오겹살
en: pork belly (but there are five layers of fat instead of three)
notes: |
<p>[Compare with 삼겹살, which has three layers of fat/meat; 오겹살 has five layers, making it slightly fattier]</p>
[Compare with 삼겹살, which has three layers of fat/meat; 오겹살 has five layers, making it slightly fattier]
examples:
- ko: "**오겹살**은 삼겹살보다 더 기름져요"
en: "**Ogyeopsal** is fattier than samgyeopsal"
@@ -812,7 +820,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: LA 갈비
en: short ribs
notes: |
<p>[Cut across the bone so several small round bones appear in each strip, unlike traditional 갈비 which is cut along the bone; named after Los Angeles, where this cut became popular]</p>
[Cut across the bone so several small round bones appear in each strip, unlike traditional 갈비 which is cut along the bone; named after Los Angeles, where this cut became popular]
examples:
- ko: "**LA 갈비**는 뼈가 여러 개 보여요"
en: "**LA galbi** has several bones visible in it"
@@ -824,7 +832,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 닭갈비
en: stir-fried chicken
notes: |
<p>[Despite containing "갈비" (ribs) in the name, 닭갈비 doesn't contain ribs at all — it's stir-fried marinated chicken, usually with vegetables and rice cakes]</p>
[Despite containing "갈비" (ribs) in the name, 닭갈비 doesn't contain ribs at all — it's stir-fried marinated chicken, usually with vegetables and rice cakes]
examples:
- ko: "**닭갈비**는 맵고 맛있어요"
en: "**Dakgalbi** is spicy and delicious"
@@ -836,7 +844,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 불고기
en: meat marinated in sweet soy sauce
notes: |
<p><img src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/bulgogi2.jpg"></p>
![](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/bulgogi2.jpg)
examples:
- ko: "**불고기**는 좀 달아요"
en: "**Bulgogi** is a bit sweet"
@@ -866,7 +874,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 떡
en: Rice cakes
notes: |
<p>Rice cakes (떡) are soft and doughy, and are not the same as the dry, crunchy rice cakes that are common in the West.</p>
Rice cakes (떡) are soft and doughy, and are not the same as the dry, crunchy rice cakes that are common in the West.
examples:
- ko: "**떡**은 쫄깃쫄깃해요"
en: "**Rice cakes** are chewy"
@@ -878,7 +886,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 떡볶이
en: Spicy rice cakes
notes: |
<p><img src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/ddokbokki.jpg"></p>
![](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/ddokbokki.jpg)
examples:
- ko: "**떡볶이**가 너무 매워요"
en: "**Tteokbokki** is too spicy"
@@ -890,7 +898,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 비빔밥
en: Mixed rice with vegetables
notes: |
<p><img src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/bibimbap.jpg"></p>
![](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/bibimbap.jpg)
examples:
- ko: "**비빔밥**을 잘 비벼야 돼요"
en: You have to mix the **bibimbap** well