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@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 학교
en: school
notes: |
<p>Basic word for "school" in general, used for elementary, middle, high school, or university contexts (though 대학교 is more specific for university).</p>
Basic word for "school" in general, used for elementary, middle, high school, or university contexts (though 대학교 is more specific for university).
examples:
- ko: 저는 매일 **학교**에 가요
en: I go to **school** every day
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 학생
en: student
notes: |
<p>General word for "student," used for any level of schooling.</p>
General word for "student," used for any level of schooling.
examples:
- ko: 저는 **학생**이에요
en: I am a **student**
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 선생님
en: teacher
notes: |
<p>The polite, everyday word for "teacher." Also commonly used as a title/honorific when addressing or referring to a teacher, similar to "Mr./Ms. [Name]."</p>
The polite, everyday word for "teacher." Also commonly used as a title/honorific when addressing or referring to a teacher, similar to "Mr./Ms. [Name]."
examples:
- ko: 우리 **선생님**은 친절해요
en: Our **teacher** is kind
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 교사
en: teacher
notes: |
<p>A more formal/official word for "teacher," often used in writing, job titles, or news, rather than in direct conversation (where 선생님 is preferred).</p>
A more formal/official word for "teacher," often used in writing, job titles, or news, rather than in direct conversation (where 선생님 is preferred).
examples:
- ko: 그는 초등학교 **교사**예요
en: He is an elementary school **teacher**
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 담임선생님
en: homeroom teacher
notes: |
<p>Refers specifically to the homeroom teacher who is in charge of a particular class (반) of students.</p>
Refers specifically to the homeroom teacher who is in charge of a particular class (반) of students.
examples:
- ko: 우리 **담임선생님**은 수학을 가르쳐요
en: Our **homeroom teacher** teaches math
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 교장선생님
en: principal
notes: |
<p>Refers to the principal of a school. 교장 alone means "principal," and 선생님 is added as a respectful title.</p>
Refers to the principal of a school. 교장 alone means "principal," and 선생님 is added as a respectful title.
examples:
- ko: "**교장선생님**이 연설을 했어요"
en: The **principal** gave a speech
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 교감선생님
en: vice principal
notes: |
<p>Refers to the vice principal, who typically ranks just below the 교장선생님 (principal).</p>
Refers to the vice principal, who typically ranks just below the 교장선생님 (principal).
examples:
- ko: "**교감선생님**이 학생들을 도와줬어요"
en: The **vice principal** helped the students
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 원어민 선생님
en: native speaking teacher
notes: |
<p>Refers to a native-speaking teacher, most commonly used for foreign language teachers (like English) who are native speakers of that language.</p>
Refers to a native-speaking teacher, most commonly used for foreign language teachers (like English) who are native speakers of that language.
examples:
- ko: "**원어민 선생님**과 영어로 대화했어요"
en: I talked with the **native speaking teacher** in English
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 과목
en: subject
notes: |
<p>Refers to an academic subject, such as math, science, English, etc.</p>
Refers to an academic subject, such as math, science, English, etc.
examples:
- ko: 제가 제일 좋아하는 **과목**은 수학이에요
en: My favorite **subject** is math
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 반
en: class (group of students)
notes: |
<p>Refers to a class as a group of students (like "homeroom" or "section"), not the lesson itself. Compare with 수업, which refers to the lesson/class session.</p>
Refers to a class as a group of students (like "homeroom" or "section"), not the lesson itself. Compare with 수업, which refers to the lesson/class session.
examples:
- ko: 우리 **반**에는 학생이 25명 있어요
en: Our **class** has 25 students
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 수업
en: class (lesson)
notes: |
<p>Refers to a class session or lesson, as opposed to 반 which refers to a group of students. Also commonly used with 듣다 ("to take a class") and 끝나다 ("class ends").</p>
Refers to a class session or lesson, as opposed to 반 which refers to a group of students. Also commonly used with 듣다 ("to take a class") and 끝나다 ("class ends").
examples:
- ko: "**수업**이 몇 시에 시작해요?"
en: What time does **class** start?
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 교실
en: classroom
notes: |
<p>Refers to the physical classroom space.</p>
Refers to the physical classroom space.
examples:
- ko: "**교실**이 너무 추워요"
en: The **classroom** is too cold
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 교시
en: period
notes: |
<p>Counter word used for class periods, always used with a number (일 교시, 이 교시, etc.). Uses Sino-Korean numbers.</p>
Counter word used for class periods, always used with a number (일 교시, 이 교시, etc.). Uses Sino-Korean numbers.
examples:
- ko: 지금 몇 **교시**예요?
en: What **period** is it now?
@@ -146,8 +146,9 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 1교시
en: first period
notes: |
<p>("일 교시")</p>
<p>Uses Sino-Korean number 일 (one) with the counter 교시. This numbering pattern continues for all class periods.</p>
("일 교시")
Uses Sino-Korean number 일 (one) with the counter 교시. This numbering pattern continues for all class periods.
examples:
- ko: "**1교시**는 국어 수업이에요"
en: "**First period** is Korean language class"
@@ -157,8 +158,9 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 2교시
en: second period
notes: |
<p>("이 교시")</p>
<p>Uses Sino-Korean number 이 (two) with the counter 교시.</p>
("이 교시")
Uses Sino-Korean number 이 (two) with the counter 교시.
examples:
- ko: "**2교시**는 영어 수업이에요"
en: "**Second period** is English class"
@@ -168,7 +170,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 시간표
en: timetable
notes: |
<p>Refers to a class schedule/timetable.</p>
Refers to a class schedule/timetable.
examples:
- ko: "**시간표**를 확인해 봤어요?"
en: Did you check the **timetable**?
@@ -178,7 +180,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 급식
en: the lunch served at school
notes: |
<p>Refers specifically to school-provided cafeteria lunch, as opposed to a packed lunch.</p>
Refers specifically to school-provided cafeteria lunch, as opposed to a packed lunch.
examples:
- ko: 오늘 **급식**은 맛있었어요
en: Today's school **lunch** was delicious
@@ -188,7 +190,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 동아리
en: club
notes: |
<p>Refers to a school club or extracurricular activity group.</p>
Refers to a school club or extracurricular activity group.
examples:
- ko: 저는 축구 **동아리**에 들어갔어요
en: I joined the soccer **club**
@@ -198,7 +200,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 시험
en: exam
notes: |
<p>General word for "exam" or "test." Often paired with 보다 to mean "to take an exam."</p>
General word for "exam" or "test." Often paired with 보다 to mean "to take an exam."
examples:
- ko: 내일 **시험**이 있어요
en: There's an **exam** tomorrow
@@ -210,7 +212,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 중간고사
en: midterm exam
notes: |
<p>Refers specifically to the midterm exam.</p>
Refers specifically to the midterm exam.
examples:
- ko: "**중간고사**가 다음 주예요"
en: The **midterm exam** is next week
@@ -220,7 +222,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 기말고사
en: final exam
notes: |
<p>Refers specifically to the final exam.</p>
Refers specifically to the final exam.
examples:
- ko: "**기말고사**는 이번 달 말에 있어요"
en: The **final exam** is at the end of this month
@@ -230,7 +232,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 문제
en: problem/question
notes: |
<p>Can refer to a "problem" in general or a "question" on a test/worksheet.</p>
Can refer to a "problem" in general or a "question" on a test/worksheet.
examples:
- ko: 이 **문제**를 풀 수 없어요
en: I can't solve this **problem**
@@ -242,7 +244,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 질문
en: question
notes: |
<p>Refers to a "question" asked in conversation or class, as opposed to 문제 which often refers to test/exercise questions.</p>
Refers to a "question" asked in conversation or class, as opposed to 문제 which often refers to test/exercise questions.
examples:
- ko: "**질문** 있어요?"
en: Do you have a **question**?
@@ -254,7 +256,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 방학
en: vacation
notes: |
<p>Refers specifically to a school vacation/break (like summer or winter break), as opposed to 휴가 which is used for adult work vacations.</p>
Refers specifically to a school vacation/break (like summer or winter break), as opposed to 휴가 which is used for adult work vacations.
examples:
- ko: "**방학** 때 뭐 할 거예요?"
en: What are you going to do during **vacation**?
@@ -266,7 +268,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 초등학교
en: elementary school
notes: |
<p>Refers to elementary school (grades 1-6 in Korea).</p>
Refers to elementary school (grades 1-6 in Korea).
examples:
- ko: 제 동생은 **초등학교**에 다녀요
en: My younger sibling attends **elementary school**
@@ -276,7 +278,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 중학교
en: middle school
notes: |
<p>Refers to middle school (grades 7-9 in Korea).</p>
Refers to middle school (grades 7-9 in Korea).
examples:
- ko: 저는 **중학교** 2학년이에요
en: I'm in **middle school** 2nd grade
@@ -286,7 +288,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 고등학교
en: high school
notes: |
<p>Refers to high school (grades 10-12 in Korea).</p>
Refers to high school (grades 10-12 in Korea).
examples:
- ko: "**고등학교** 생활은 정말 바빴어요"
en: "**High school** life was really busy"
@@ -298,7 +300,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 국립고등학교
en: public high school
notes: |
<p>Refers to a public/national high school, funded and operated by the government.</p>
Refers to a public/national high school, funded and operated by the government.
examples:
- ko: 저는 **국립고등학교**에 다녔어요
en: I attended a **public high school**
@@ -306,7 +308,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 사립고등학교
en: private high school
notes: |
<p>Refers to a private high school.</p>
Refers to a private high school.
examples:
- ko: 그 **사립고등학교**는 학비가 비싸요
en: That **private high school** has expensive tuition
@@ -314,7 +316,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 학원
en: after school private academy
notes: |
<p>Refers to a private academy/cram school that students attend after regular school hours for extra study.</p>
Refers to a private academy/cram school that students attend after regular school hours for extra study.
examples:
- ko: 저는 매일 **학원**에 가요
en: I go to **academy** every day
@@ -326,8 +328,9 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 학년
en: grade
notes: |
<p>(3학년 "삼학년" = third grade)</p>
<p>Refers to a school grade/year level. Uses Sino-Korean numbers (일학년, 이학년, 삼학년, etc.).</p>
(3학년 "삼학년" = third grade)
Refers to a school grade/year level. Uses Sino-Korean numbers (일학년, 이학년, 삼학년, etc.).
examples:
- ko: 저는 몇 **학년**이에요
en: What **grade** are you in
@@ -337,8 +340,9 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 학기
en: semester
notes: |
<p>(1학기 "일학기" = first semester)</p>
<p>Refers to a school semester. Uses Sino-Korean numbers (일학기, 이학기).</p>
(1학기 "일학기" = first semester)
Refers to a school semester. Uses Sino-Korean numbers (일학기, 이학기).
examples:
- ko: 이번 **학기**는 정말 힘들었어요
en: This **semester** was really hard
@@ -348,7 +352,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 수능
en: Korean SAT
notes: |
<p>Short for 대학수학능력시험, the standardized college entrance exam in Korea, similar to the SAT.</p>
Short for 대학수학능력시험, the standardized college entrance exam in Korea, similar to the SAT.
examples:
- ko: "**수능**은 11월에 있어요"
en: The **Korean SAT** is in November
@@ -358,7 +362,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 수행평가
en: performance assessment
notes: |
<p>Refers to a performance-based assessment (like a project, presentation, or report), as opposed to a written exam.</p>
Refers to a performance-based assessment (like a project, presentation, or report), as opposed to a written exam.
examples:
- ko: "**수행평가**를 제출해야 해요"
en: I have to submit my **performance assessment**
@@ -369,7 +373,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 가르치다
en: to teach
notes: |
<p>Basic verb meaning "to teach."</p>
Basic verb meaning "to teach."
examples:
- ko: 저는 영어를 **가르쳐요**
en: I **teach** English
@@ -381,7 +385,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 배우다
en: to learn
notes: |
<p>Basic verb meaning "to learn."</p>
Basic verb meaning "to learn."
examples:
- ko: 저는 한국어를 **배워요**
en: I **learn/am learning** Korean
@@ -393,7 +397,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 듣다
en: to hear (used when "taking" a class)
notes: |
<p>Literally means "to hear/listen," but is used idiomatically with 수업 to mean "to take a class." An irregular ㄷ verb.</p>
Literally means "to hear/listen," but is used idiomatically with 수업 to mean "to take a class." An irregular ㄷ verb.
examples:
- ko: 저는 이 수업을 **들어요**
en: I'm **taking** this class
@@ -405,7 +409,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 이해하다
en: understand
notes: |
<p>Basic verb meaning "to understand."</p>
Basic verb meaning "to understand."
examples:
- ko: 이제 **이해했어요**
en: Now I **understand**
@@ -417,7 +421,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 이해가 안 되다
en: to not understand
notes: |
<p>Literally "understanding doesn't happen/come." A common alternative to negating 이해하다 directly, often used to express confusion in the moment.</p>
Literally "understanding doesn't happen/come." A common alternative to negating 이해하다 directly, often used to express confusion in the moment.
examples:
- ko: 이 문제가 **이해가 안 돼요**
en: I **don't understand** this problem
@@ -427,7 +431,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 설명하다
en: to explain
notes: |
<p>Basic verb meaning "to explain."</p>
Basic verb meaning "to explain."
examples:
- ko: 다시 **설명해** 주세요
en: Please **explain** it again
@@ -439,7 +443,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 평가하다
en: to evaluate
notes: |
<p>Basic verb meaning "to evaluate" or "assess."</p>
Basic verb meaning "to evaluate" or "assess."
examples:
- ko: 선생님이 학생들을 **평가해요**
en: The teacher **evaluates** the students
@@ -449,7 +453,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 시험을 보다
en: to take an exam
notes: |
<p>Common collocation using 보다 ("to see/take") with 시험 ("exam") to mean "to take an exam."</p>
Common collocation using 보다 ("to see/take") with 시험 ("exam") to mean "to take an exam."
examples:
- ko: 내일 **시험을 봐요**
en: I'm **taking an exam** tomorrow
@@ -461,7 +465,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 채점하다
en: to mark or grade an exam
notes: |
<p>Verb used specifically for grading/marking exams or assignments.</p>
Verb used specifically for grading/marking exams or assignments.
examples:
- ko: 선생님이 시험지를 **채점하고** 있어요
en: The teacher is **grading** the exam papers
@@ -472,7 +476,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 방과 후 수업
en: after school class (also refers to a class during the vacation)
notes: |
<p>Refers to an after-school class, or can also refer to a special class held during school vacation.</p>
Refers to an after-school class, or can also refer to a special class held during school vacation.
examples:
- ko: "**방과 후 수업**에서 그림을 배워요"
en: I learn drawing in **after school class**
@@ -482,7 +486,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 학교 끝나고…
en: after school
notes: |
<p>Literally "after school ends…", a common way to say "after school" when talking about plans.</p>
Literally "after school ends…", a common way to say "after school" when talking about plans.
examples:
- ko: "**학교 끝나고** 뭐 할 거예요?"
en: What will you do **after school**?
@@ -492,7 +496,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 수업 전에
en: before class
notes: |
<p>Uses 전에 ("before") after 수업 ("class") to mean "before class."</p>
Uses 전에 ("before") after 수업 ("class") to mean "before class."
examples:
- ko: "**수업 전에** 숙제를 확인했어요"
en: I checked my homework **before class**
@@ -502,7 +506,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 수업 끝나고…
en: after class
notes: |
<p>Literally "after class ends…", parallel in structure to 학교 끝나고.</p>
Literally "after class ends…", parallel in structure to 학교 끝나고.
examples:
- ko: "**수업 끝나고** 뭐 할 거예요?"
en: What will you do **after class**?
@@ -513,7 +517,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 외국어
en: Foreign Languages
notes: |
<p>General term for "foreign language(s)," used to refer to the subject category rather than one specific language.</p>
General term for "foreign language(s)," used to refer to the subject category rather than one specific language.
examples:
- ko: 저는 **외국어**를 배우는 것을 좋아해요
en: I like learning **foreign languages**
@@ -523,7 +527,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 영어
en: English
notes: |
<p>Refers to the English language/subject.</p>
Refers to the English language/subject.
examples:
- ko: 저는 **영어** 선생님이에요
en: I am an **English** teacher
@@ -535,7 +539,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 영어회화
en: English Conversation
notes: |
<p>Refers to English conversation as a subject, as distinct from general English classes that may focus more on grammar or reading.</p>
Refers to English conversation as a subject, as distinct from general English classes that may focus more on grammar or reading.
examples:
- ko: 저는 **영어회화** 선생님이에요
en: I am an **English conversation** teacher
@@ -547,7 +551,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 중국어
en: Chinese
notes: |
<p>Refers to the Chinese language/subject.</p>
Refers to the Chinese language/subject.
examples:
- ko: 저는 **중국어**를 배우고 싶어요
en: I want to learn **Chinese**
@@ -557,7 +561,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 일본어
en: Japanese
notes: |
<p>Refers to the Japanese language/subject.</p>
Refers to the Japanese language/subject.
examples:
- ko: 저는 **일본어**를 조금 할 수 있어요
en: I can speak a little **Japanese**
@@ -567,7 +571,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 독일어
en: German
notes: |
<p>Refers to the German language/subject.</p>
Refers to the German language/subject.
examples:
- ko: "**독일어**는 문법이 복잡해요"
en: "**German** grammar is complicated"
@@ -575,7 +579,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 스페인어
en: Spanish
notes: |
<p>Refers to the Spanish language/subject.</p>
Refers to the Spanish language/subject.
examples:
- ko: "**스페인어**를 배우고 싶어요"
en: I want to learn **Spanish**
@@ -583,7 +587,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 프랑스어
en: French
notes: |
<p>Refers to the French language/subject.</p>
Refers to the French language/subject.
examples:
- ko: "**프랑스어** 발음이 예뻐요"
en: "**French** pronunciation is pretty"
@@ -591,7 +595,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 국어
en: Korean
notes: |
<p>Refers to the Korean language as a school subject (literally "national language"), used specifically to refer to a Korean school's own native language class, as opposed to 한국어 which refers to Korean in a general/foreign-language-learning sense.</p>
Refers to the Korean language as a school subject (literally "national language"), used specifically to refer to a Korean school's own native language class, as opposed to 한국어 which refers to Korean in a general/foreign-language-learning sense.
examples:
- ko: "**국어** 시험이 어려웠어요"
en: The **Korean** exam was difficult
@@ -601,7 +605,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 문학
en: Literature
notes: |
<p>Refers to literature as a subject.</p>
Refers to literature as a subject.
examples:
- ko: "**문학** 수업에서 시를 배웠어요"
en: We learned poems in **literature** class
@@ -609,7 +613,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 과학
en: Science
notes: |
<p>General term for "science" as a subject.</p>
General term for "science" as a subject.
examples:
- ko: 저는 **과학**동아리에 가입했어요
en: I entered the **science** club
@@ -621,7 +625,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 생물
en: Biology
notes: |
<p>Refers to biology as a subject.</p>
Refers to biology as a subject.
examples:
- ko: "**생물** 시험을 잘 봤어요"
en: I did well on the **biology** exam
@@ -629,7 +633,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 화학
en: Chemistry
notes: |
<p>Refers to chemistry as a subject.</p>
Refers to chemistry as a subject.
examples:
- ko: "**화학**은 너무 어려워요"
en: "**Chemistry** is too difficult"
@@ -637,7 +641,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 물리
en: Physics
notes: |
<p>Refers to physics as a subject.</p>
Refers to physics as a subject.
examples:
- ko: "**물리** 문제를 못 풀었어요"
en: I couldn't solve the **physics** problem
@@ -645,7 +649,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 지구과학
en: Earth Sciences
notes: |
<p>Refers to earth science as a subject.</p>
Refers to earth science as a subject.
examples:
- ko: "**지구과학**은 화산에 대해 배워요"
en: In **earth science**, we learn about volcanoes
@@ -653,7 +657,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 사회
en: Social Studies
notes: |
<p>Refers to social studies as a school subject.</p>
Refers to social studies as a school subject.
examples:
- ko: "**사회** 수업이 있어요"
en: I have **social studies** class
@@ -661,7 +665,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 지리
en: Geography
notes: |
<p>Refers to geography as a subject.</p>
Refers to geography as a subject.
examples:
- ko: "**지리** 시험에 지도가 나왔어요"
en: A map appeared on the **geography** exam
@@ -669,7 +673,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 역사
en: History
notes: |
<p>Refers to history as a subject.</p>
Refers to history as a subject.
examples:
- ko: "**역사** 수업은 재미있어요"
en: "**History** class is fun"
@@ -677,7 +681,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 윤리
en: Ethics
notes: |
<p>Refers to ethics as a school subject.</p>
Refers to ethics as a school subject.
examples:
- ko: "**윤리** 시간에 철학자에 대해 배웠어요"
en: In **ethics** class, we learned about philosophers
@@ -685,7 +689,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 정치
en: Politics
notes: |
<p>Refers to politics as a subject.</p>
Refers to politics as a subject.
examples:
- ko: "**정치** 수업에서 토론을 했어요"
en: We had a debate in **politics** class
@@ -693,7 +697,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 경제
en: Economics
notes: |
<p>Refers to economics as a subject.</p>
Refers to economics as a subject.
examples:
- ko: "**경제** 시험이 다음 주에 있어요"
en: There's an **economics** exam next week
@@ -701,7 +705,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 예체능
en: Arts and Physical Education
notes: |
<p>Umbrella term combining "arts" (예) and "physical education" (체능), used to refer to that category of subjects together.</p>
Umbrella term combining "arts" (예) and "physical education" (체능), used to refer to that category of subjects together.
examples:
- ko: "**예체능** 수업은 오후에 있어요"
en: "**Arts and PE** classes are in the afternoon"
@@ -709,7 +713,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 미술
en: Art
notes: |
<p>Refers to art as a subject.</p>
Refers to art as a subject.
examples:
- ko: "**미술** 시간에 그림을 그렸어요"
en: We drew pictures in **art** class
@@ -717,7 +721,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 체육
en: Physical Education
notes: |
<p>Refers to physical education (PE) as a subject.</p>
Refers to physical education (PE) as a subject.
examples:
- ko: 저는 처음에 **체육** 수업을 싫어했어요
en: At first I didn't like **PE** class
@@ -725,7 +729,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 수학
en: Mathematics
notes: |
<p>Refers to mathematics as a subject.</p>
Refers to mathematics as a subject.
examples:
- ko: 제가 제일 좋아하는 과목은 **수학**이에요
en: My favorite subject is **math**
@@ -735,7 +739,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 미적분
en: Calculus
notes: |
<p>Refers to calculus as a subject, more advanced/specific than 수학 (math) generally.</p>
Refers to calculus as a subject, more advanced/specific than 수학 (math) generally.
examples:
- ko: "**미적분**은 정말 어려워요"
en: "**Calculus** is really difficult"
@@ -36,8 +36,9 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 버스 기사
en: bus driver
notes: |
<p>The more formal/neutral term for "bus driver."</p>
<p>Compare with 버스 아저씨, which is less formal but far more commonly used in casual, everyday speech.</p>
The more formal/neutral term for "bus driver."
Compare with 버스 아저씨, which is less formal but far more commonly used in casual, everyday speech.
examples:
- ko: "**버스 기사**님이 친절하셨어요"
en: The **bus driver** was kind
@@ -49,9 +50,11 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 버스 아저씨
en: bus driver
notes: |
<p>[In theory this is a little bit impolite, but it is definitely more common, especially when not talking directly to the driver himself.]</p>
<p>It could in theory be "버스 아주머니," but the overwhelming majority of bus drivers (at least in Seoul) are male.</p>
<p>Compare with the more formal/neutral 버스 기사.</p>
[In theory this is a little bit impolite, but it is definitely more common, especially when not talking directly to the driver himself.]
It could in theory be "버스 아주머니," but the overwhelming majority of bus drivers (at least in Seoul) are male.
Compare with the more formal/neutral 버스 기사.
examples:
- ko: "**버스 아저씨**가 문을 열어 줬어요"
en: The **bus driver** opened the door
@@ -63,8 +66,9 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 전철
en: subway
notes: |
<p>[Literally translates to "electric train."]</p>
<p>Largely interchangeable with 지하철. 지하철 (literally "underground train") is generally the more common everyday word, while 전철 is often seen/heard in more official contexts like station announcements.</p>
[Literally translates to "electric train."]
Largely interchangeable with 지하철. 지하철 (literally "underground train") is generally the more common everyday word, while 전철 is often seen/heard in more official contexts like station announcements.
examples:
- ko: 거기에 가려면 **전철**을 타야 돼요
en: In order to get there, you must take the **subway**
@@ -74,8 +78,9 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 지하철
en: subway
notes: |
<p>[Literally translates to "underground train."]</p>
<p>Compare with 전철 ("electric train"), which is largely interchangeable but slightly more common in formal/announcement contexts.</p>
[Literally translates to "underground train."]
Compare with 전철 ("electric train"), which is largely interchangeable but slightly more common in formal/announcement contexts.
examples:
- ko: 버스로 가면 **지하철**보다 더 빨라요
en: If you go by bus, it is faster than the **subway**
@@ -85,7 +90,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 역
en: station
notes: |
<p>Often attached directly to a place name, e.g. 서울역 = "Seoul station."</p>
Often attached directly to a place name, e.g. 서울역 = "Seoul station."
examples:
- ko: 사당**역** 4번 출구에서 만나자
en: Let's meet at exit four of Sadang **station**
@@ -107,8 +112,9 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 길
en: street/road
notes: |
<p>Largely interchangeable with 거리.</p>
<p>[길 tends to emphasize the route/path itself — a road to walk or drive on — while 거리 tends to emphasize the street as a place/area.]</p>
Largely interchangeable with 거리.
[길 tends to emphasize the route/path itself — a road to walk or drive on — while 거리 tends to emphasize the street as a place/area.]
examples:
- ko: 저는 **길**을 잃었어요
en: I'm lost
@@ -120,8 +126,9 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 거리
en: street/road
notes: |
<p>Largely interchangeable with 길.</p>
<p>[거리 tends to emphasize the street as a place/area, while 길 tends to emphasize the route/path itself.]</p>
Largely interchangeable with 길.
[거리 tends to emphasize the street as a place/area, while 길 tends to emphasize the route/path itself.]
examples:
- ko: 저는 **거리**를 안전하게 건넜어요
en: I crossed the **street** safely
@@ -169,7 +176,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 호선
en: line in a subway
notes: |
<p>Attached to a number, e.g. 4호선 = "Line 4."</p>
Attached to a number, e.g. 4호선 = "Line 4."
examples:
- ko: 4**호선**으로 갈아타야 돼요
en: You have to transfer to **line** 4
@@ -183,7 +190,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 출구
en: exit of a subway station
notes: |
<p>Attached to a number, e.g. 4번출구 = "exit 4."</p>
Attached to a number, e.g. 4번출구 = "exit 4."
examples:
- ko: 사당역 4번 **출구**에서 만나자
en: Let's meet at **exit** four of Sadang station
@@ -221,11 +228,11 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 오른 쪽으로 **가면** 돼요
en: "**Go** right"
notes: |
<p>[The full nuance is closer to "you should/need to go right."]</p>
[The full nuance is closer to "you should/need to go right."]
- ko: 왼 쪽으로 **가면** 돼요
en: "**Go** left"
notes: |
<p>[The full nuance is closer to "you should/need to go left."]</p>
[The full nuance is closer to "you should/need to go left."]
- ko: 거기에 **가려면** 어느 쪽으로 가야 돼요?
en: In order to **get** there, which way should I/one go?
- ko: 서울역에 **가려면** 어느 쪽으로 가야 돼요?
@@ -296,8 +303,9 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 갈아타다
en: to transfer
notes: |
<p>Largely interchangeable with 환승하다.</p>
<p>[갈아타다 is more colloquial/spoken, while 환승하다 is more commonly heard in official/formal contexts, such as station announcements.]</p>
Largely interchangeable with 환승하다.
[갈아타다 is more colloquial/spoken, while 환승하다 is more commonly heard in official/formal contexts, such as station announcements.]
examples:
- ko: 4호선으로 **갈아타야** 돼요
en: You have to **transfer** to line 4
@@ -309,8 +317,9 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 환승하다
en: to transfer
notes: |
<p>Largely interchangeable with 갈아타다.</p>
<p>[환승하다 is more commonly heard in official/formal contexts, such as station announcements, while 갈아타다 is more colloquial.]</p>
Largely interchangeable with 갈아타다.
[환승하다 is more commonly heard in official/formal contexts, such as station announcements, while 갈아타다 is more colloquial.]
examples:
- ko: 어디서 **환승해야** 돼요?
en: Where do I need to **transfer**?
@@ -323,7 +332,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 거기까지 **데려다 줄까요**?
en: Shall I **take you** there?
notes: |
<p>[More literally, "Let me take you there."]</p>
[More literally, "Let me take you there."]
- ko: 집까지 **데려다 줄게요**
en: I'll **take you** home
@@ -339,7 +348,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: "**앉으세요**"
en: "Please, **sit** down"
notes: |
<p>[Often said to an older person when giving up your seat.]</p>
[Often said to an older person when giving up your seat.]
- ko: 충전하다
en: to recharge
@@ -354,7 +363,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 멈추다
en: to stop
notes: |
<p>[Used for a vehicle, like a bus or subway, coming to a stop — not for a person stopping an action.]</p>
[Used for a vehicle, like a bus or subway, coming to a stop — not for a person stopping an action.]
examples:
- ko: 버스가 **멈추지** 않았어요
en: The bus didn't **stop**
@@ -434,8 +443,9 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 거기
en: there
notes: |
<p>Compare with 저기.</p>
<p>[거기 refers to a place near the listener or already mentioned in conversation, while 저기 refers to a place far from both speaker and listener.]</p>
Compare with 저기.
[거기 refers to a place near the listener or already mentioned in conversation, while 저기 refers to a place far from both speaker and listener.]
examples:
- ko: "**거기**에 가려면 어느 쪽으로 가야 돼요?"
en: In order to get **there**, which way should I/one go?
@@ -451,8 +461,9 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 저기
en: there
notes: |
<p>Compare with 거기.</p>
<p>[저기 refers to a place far from both speaker and listener, often visible in the distance, while 거기 refers to a place near the listener.]</p>
Compare with 거기.
[저기 refers to a place far from both speaker and listener, often visible in the distance, while 거기 refers to a place near the listener.]
examples:
- ko: "**저기**에 버스 정류장이 있어요"
en: There's a bus stop **over there**
@@ -475,8 +486,9 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 좌석버스
en: express city bus
notes: |
<p>[This literally translates to "seat-bus," as it typically has more seats — two on each side — than other city buses.]</p>
<p>This type of bus goes longer distances, usually connecting Seoul with one of its suburbs.</p>
[This literally translates to "seat-bus," as it typically has more seats — two on each side — than other city buses.]
This type of bus goes longer distances, usually connecting Seoul with one of its suburbs.
examples:
- ko: "**좌석버스**를 타면 더 편하게 갈 수 있어요"
en: If you take the **express city bus**, you can go more comfortably
@@ -488,7 +500,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 마을 버스
en: '"village" bus'
notes: |
<p>[This bus is usually smaller and cheaper to ride than other buses. It usually goes shorter distances, and the stops on the road are often ambiguous — you really need to know the area and the bus route if you want to take this type of bus.]</p>
[This bus is usually smaller and cheaper to ride than other buses. It usually goes shorter distances, and the stops on the road are often ambiguous — you really need to know the area and the bus route if you want to take this type of bus.]
examples:
- ko: "**마을 버스**를 타고 집에 가요"
en: I take the **village bus** home
@@ -510,7 +522,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 우등버스
en: first class bus
notes: |
<p>[This type of bus also usually runs an inter-city route, but the seats are more comfortable.]</p>
[This type of bus also usually runs an inter-city route, but the seats are more comfortable.]
examples:
- ko: "**우등버스**는 좌석이 더 편해요"
en: The **first class bus** has more comfortable seats
@@ -522,8 +534,9 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 리무진
en: airport bus
notes: |
<p>[A "limousine" in Korea refers to a comfortable bus that shuttles people from one place to another. You will commonly see this type of bus taking people from the airport to some pre-designated place in Seoul.]</p>
<p>As soon as you walk out of the airport in Incheon, you will see dozens of these buses — all going to a destination with maybe a few stops along the way.</p>
[A "limousine" in Korea refers to a comfortable bus that shuttles people from one place to another. You will commonly see this type of bus taking people from the airport to some pre-designated place in Seoul.]
As soon as you walk out of the airport in Incheon, you will see dozens of these buses — all going to a destination with maybe a few stops along the way.
examples:
- ko: "**리무진**은 좌석이 편하고 짐 놓을 공간도 많아요"
en: The **airport bus (limousine)** has comfortable seats and lots of space for luggage
@@ -535,8 +548,9 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 공항 버스
en: airport bus
notes: |
<p>[A "limousine" (리무진) in Korea refers to a comfortable bus that shuttles people from one place to another. 공항 버스 refers to this same kind of bus, specifically the ones running to/from the airport.]</p>
<p>As soon as you walk out of the airport in Incheon, you will see dozens of these buses — all going to a destination with maybe a few stops along the way.</p>
[A "limousine" (리무진) in Korea refers to a comfortable bus that shuttles people from one place to another. 공항 버스 refers to this same kind of bus, specifically the ones running to/from the airport.]
As soon as you walk out of the airport in Incheon, you will see dozens of these buses — all going to a destination with maybe a few stops along the way.
examples:
- ko: "**공항 버스**를 타고 인천공항에서 서울로 왔어요"
en: I came to Seoul from Incheon airport on the **airport bus**
@@ -548,7 +562,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 급행열차
en: express train
notes: |
<p>[This is a regular subway train, but it skips stations along the way. It usually runs during peak times during rush hour.]</p>
[This is a regular subway train, but it skips stations along the way. It usually runs during peak times during rush hour.]
examples:
- ko: "**급행열차**를 타면 더 빨리 도착해요"
en: If you take the **express train**, you arrive faster
+61 -53
View File
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 밥
en: rice (or a "meal" or "food")
notes: |
<p>밥 literally means "cooked rice," but Korean people commonly use it to mean "a meal" in general, regardless of whether the meal actually contains rice.</p>
밥 literally means "cooked rice," but Korean people commonly use it to mean "a meal" in general, regardless of whether the meal actually contains rice.
examples:
- ko: "**밥** 먹자!"
en: Let's **eat**!
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 식사
en: meal
notes: |
<p>식사 is also used when people order some sort of soup/stew at a restaurant. For example, at a Korean BBQ restaurant you might say "식사만 할 거예요," meaning "I'm just going to have [this type of] meal."</p>
식사 is also used when people order some sort of soup/stew at a restaurant. For example, at a Korean BBQ restaurant you might say "식사만 할 거예요," meaning "I'm just going to have [this type of] meal."
examples:
- ko: "**식사** 할 거에요?"
en: Will you **eat**?
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 소주
en: a type of Korean traditional alcohol (strong, clear distilled liquor)
notes: |
<p>[A strong, clear distilled liquor, similar in strength to vodka; probably the most commonly consumed alcoholic drink in Korea]</p>
[A strong, clear distilled liquor, similar in strength to vodka; probably the most commonly consumed alcoholic drink in Korea]
examples:
- ko: "**소주**를 좀 더 따라 줄까요?"
en: Shall I pour you a bit more **soju**?
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 막걸리
en: a type of Korean traditional alcohol (milky, lightly sparkling rice wine)
notes: |
<p>[A milky, lightly sparkling rice wine, lower in alcohol content than 소주]</p>
[A milky, lightly sparkling rice wine, lower in alcohol content than 소주]
examples:
- ko: "**막걸리**를 좋아해요?"
en: Do you like **makgeolli**?
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 사이다
en: '"cider" (this tastes similar to Sprite/7-Up)'
notes: |
<p>[Not alcoholic cider — 사이다 is a clear, carbonated soft drink similar to Sprite/7-Up]</p>
[Not alcoholic cider — 사이다 is a clear, carbonated soft drink similar to Sprite/7-Up]
examples:
- ko: "**사이다** 있어요?"
en: Do you have **cider (Sprite-like soda)**?
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 국내산
en: some product/food from Korea
notes: |
<p>~산 is attached after a country name to indicate the origin of a food product (e.g. "호주산" = "from Australia"). If the product is from Korea, "국내산" (domestic) is used instead of "한국산."</p>
~산 is attached after a country name to indicate the origin of a food product (e.g. "호주산" = "from Australia"). If the product is from Korea, "국내산" (domestic) is used instead of "한국산."
examples:
- ko: 김치 – **국내산**
en: Kimchi – **Korea (domestic)**
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 상
en: small traditional Korean table that folds out
notes: |
<p>[A low, often foldable table used when sitting on the floor to eat, as opposed to 탁자, which refers to a more general/modern table]</p>
[A low, often foldable table used when sitting on the floor to eat, as opposed to 탁자, which refers to a more general/modern table]
examples:
- ko: "**상**을 펴 주세요"
en: Please fold out the **table**
@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 김치냉장고
en: kimchi refrigerator
notes: |
<p>Many Korean households have a separate refrigerator dedicated just to kimchi, called 김치냉장고, kept at a different temperature/humidity ideal for storing and fermenting kimchi.</p>
Many Korean households have a separate refrigerator dedicated just to kimchi, called 김치냉장고, kept at a different temperature/humidity ideal for storing and fermenting kimchi.
examples:
- ko: "**김치냉장고**에 김치가 많아요"
en: There is a lot of kimchi in the **kimchi fridge**
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 메뉴
en: menu
notes: |
<p>Korean people use 메뉴 to refer to the food that can be served at a restaurant/other place, not to the physical booklet listing the food. In English, "menu" usually refers to the physical booklet, which in Korean is called "메뉴판."</p>
Korean people use 메뉴 to refer to the food that can be served at a restaurant/other place, not to the physical booklet listing the food. In English, "menu" usually refers to the physical booklet, which in Korean is called "메뉴판."
examples:
- ko: 오늘 점심 **메뉴**가 뭐야?
en: What is today's lunch **menu**?
@@ -331,7 +331,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 주다
en: to give
notes: |
<p>~아/어 주세요 ("please give [me the favor of]...") is extremely common when politely requesting something, so many example sentences with 주다 look like requests rather than the literal verb "to give."</p>
~아/어 주세요 ("please give [me the favor of]...") is extremely common when politely requesting something, so many example sentences with 주다 look like requests rather than the literal verb "to give."
examples:
- ko: 물 **주세요**
en: Water, please
@@ -347,7 +347,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 주문하다
en: to order (place an order, e.g. at a counter/register)
notes: |
<p>[More formal/neutral sounding than 시키다; commonly used when speaking about the act of ordering itself, e.g. at a counter]</p>
[More formal/neutral sounding than 시키다; commonly used when speaking about the act of ordering itself, e.g. at a counter]
examples:
- ko: "**주문할게요**"
en: I'm going to **order** now
@@ -357,7 +357,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 시키다
en: to order (request food/drinks be brought to you)
notes: |
<p>[Often used interchangeably with 주문하다 when ordering food, but 시키다 can also mean "to make someone do something"]</p>
[Often used interchangeably with 주문하다 when ordering food, but 시키다 can also mean "to make someone do something"]
examples:
- ko: 뭐 **시켰어요**?
en: What did you **order**?
@@ -367,7 +367,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 계산하다
en: to settle the bill
notes: |
<p>[Literally "to calculate"; used specifically for paying a bill, e.g. at a restaurant or store]</p>
[Literally "to calculate"; used specifically for paying a bill, e.g. at a restaurant or store]
examples:
- ko: "**계산이요**"
en: Said when you want to pay for your meal at a restaurant
@@ -375,7 +375,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 내다
en: to pay (talking about who pays/covers the cost)
notes: |
<p>[Used when talking about who pays/covers the cost, as opposed to 계산하다, which is used for the act of settling the bill]</p>
[Used when talking about who pays/covers the cost, as opposed to 계산하다, which is used for the act of settling the bill]
examples:
- ko: 제가 **낼게요**
en: I'll **pay**
@@ -424,7 +424,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 맛있다
en: delicious
notes: |
<p>The word "맛" means "taste." So 맛있다 (or 맛이 있다) literally means "to have taste," and 맛없다 (or 맛이 없다) literally means "to not have taste."</p>
The word "맛" means "taste." So 맛있다 (or 맛이 있다) literally means "to have taste," and 맛없다 (or 맛이 없다) literally means "to not have taste."
examples:
- ko: 이 게 **맛있어요**
en: This is **delicious**
@@ -436,7 +436,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 맛없다
en: not delicious
notes: |
<p>Literally "to not have taste" (맛이 없다). See notes on 맛있다.</p>
Literally "to not have taste" (맛이 없다). See notes on 맛있다.
examples:
- ko: 이 음식은 좀 **맛없어요**
en: This food is a bit **not delicious**
@@ -448,7 +448,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 짜다
en: salty
notes: |
<p>[In English, "salty" is usually only used when something literally has too much salt. In Korean, 짜다 is used much more broadly to describe anything over-seasoned, so it's heard far more often than its English counterpart.]</p>
[In English, "salty" is usually only used when something literally has too much salt. In Korean, 짜다 is used much more broadly to describe anything over-seasoned, so it's heard far more often than its English counterpart.]
examples:
- ko: 이 국은 너무 **짜요**
en: This soup is too **salty**
@@ -460,7 +460,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 느끼하다
en: greasy
notes: |
<p>[Describes food, or the feeling after eating food, that is heavy/doughy/oily — commonly spaghetti, pizza, bread, or anything with a lot of cheese/wheat. Eating something pickled is a common way to counteract this feeling, which is why pickles are often served with pizza or pasta in Korea.]</p>
[Describes food, or the feeling after eating food, that is heavy/doughy/oily — commonly spaghetti, pizza, bread, or anything with a lot of cheese/wheat. Eating something pickled is a common way to counteract this feeling, which is why pickles are often served with pizza or pasta in Korea.]
examples:
- ko: 이 피자는 너무 **느끼해요**
en: This pizza is too **greasy**
@@ -472,7 +472,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 고소하다
en: nutty
notes: |
<p>[Describes a nutty taste/aroma, most commonly associated with sesame oil (참기름); hard to translate perfectly into English]</p>
[Describes a nutty taste/aroma, most commonly associated with sesame oil (참기름); hard to translate perfectly into English]
examples:
- ko: 참기름 냄새가 **고소해요**
en: The sesame oil smells **nutty**
@@ -486,10 +486,13 @@ vocabulary:
ko_text: 아침
en: breakfast
notes: |
<p>아침 also means "morning" (hence 아침식사 literally means "morning meal"), but context always makes clear whether the speaker means "morning" or "breakfast." For example:</p>
<p>저는 아침에 일찍 일어났어요 = I woke up early in the morning</p>
<p>저는 아침을 먹었어요 = I ate breakfast</p>
<p>The same applies to 점심 and 저녁.</p>
아침 also means "morning" (hence 아침식사 literally means "morning meal"), but context always makes clear whether the speaker means "morning" or "breakfast." For example:
저는 아침에 일찍 일어났어요 = I woke up early in the morning
저는 아침을 먹었어요 = I ate breakfast
The same applies to 점심 and 저녁.
examples:
- ko: 저는 **아침식사**로 밥을 먹었어요
en: I ate rice for **breakfast**
@@ -502,7 +505,7 @@ vocabulary:
ko_text: 점심
en: lunch
notes: |
<p>Like 아침, 점심 can stand alone (without 식사 attached) to mean "lunch," and context makes it clear whether "lunch" is meant. Unlike 아침, 점심 does not separately mean "midday" the way 아침 means "morning" — in everyday use, 점심 simply refers to the meal.</p>
Like 아침, 점심 can stand alone (without 식사 attached) to mean "lunch," and context makes it clear whether "lunch" is meant. Unlike 아침, 점심 does not separately mean "midday" the way 아침 means "morning" — in everyday use, 점심 simply refers to the meal.
examples:
- ko: "**점심**으로 뭐 먹고 싶어요?"
en: What do you want to eat for **lunch**?
@@ -519,9 +522,11 @@ vocabulary:
ko_text: 저녁
en: dinner
notes: |
<p>Like 아침, 저녁 can be used alone (without 식사 attached) to mean "dinner." 저녁 also means "evening," and just as with 아침, context makes it clear whether the speaker means "evening" or "dinner." For example:</p>
<p>저는 저녁에 운동해요 = I exercise in the evening</p>
<p>저는 저녁을 먹었어요 = I ate dinner</p>
Like 아침, 저녁 can be used alone (without 식사 attached) to mean "dinner." 저녁 also means "evening," and just as with 아침, context makes it clear whether the speaker means "evening" or "dinner." For example:
저는 저녁에 운동해요 = I exercise in the evening
저는 저녁을 먹었어요 = I ate dinner
examples:
- ko: "**저녁**으로 뭐 먹을래요?"
en: What shall we eat for **dinner**?
@@ -534,8 +539,9 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: (배추)김치
en: (cabbage) kimchi
notes: |
<p><img src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/banchan3.jpg"></p>
<p>There are many types of kimchi, but when Korean people just say "김치" without specifying, they usually mean the kimchi made from Korean cabbage (배추). The full name "배추김치" is rarely necessary — "김치" alone is understood to mean this type.</p>
![](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/banchan3.jpg)
There are many types of kimchi, but when Korean people just say "김치" without specifying, they usually mean the kimchi made from Korean cabbage (배추). The full name "배추김치" is rarely necessary — "김치" alone is understood to mean this type.
examples:
- ko: "**김치**에 재료가 많이 들어가요"
en: There are a lot of ingredients in **kimchi**
@@ -559,7 +565,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 깍두기
en: diced radish kimchi
notes: |
<p>[Made from radish cut into small cubes; one of the most common banchan alongside 배추김치]</p>
[Made from radish cut into small cubes; one of the most common banchan alongside 배추김치]
examples:
- ko: "**깍두기**도 좀 주세요"
en: Please also give me some **diced radish kimchi**
@@ -571,8 +577,9 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 무생채
en: sliced radish kimchi
notes: |
<p><img src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/banchan4.jpg"></p>
<p>[Made from thinly sliced radish that is seasoned but not fermented, unlike most other kimchi; has a fresher, more salad-like texture]</p>
![](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/banchan4.jpg)
[Made from thinly sliced radish that is seasoned but not fermented, unlike most other kimchi; has a fresher, more salad-like texture]
examples:
- ko: "**무생채**는 안 매워요"
en: "**Sliced radish kimchi** is not spicy"
@@ -584,7 +591,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 오이김치
en: cucumber kimchi
notes: |
<p>[Made from cucumber, usually stuffed with a spicy radish/chive filling; lighter and more refreshing than cabbage kimchi]</p>
[Made from cucumber, usually stuffed with a spicy radish/chive filling; lighter and more refreshing than cabbage kimchi]
examples:
- ko: 여름에는 **오이김치**를 자주 먹어요
en: I often eat **cucumber kimchi** in the summer
@@ -596,7 +603,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 총각김치
en: radish kimchi
notes: |
<p>[Made with whole small "chonggak" radishes, often including the green tops, usually left whole or cut in half. Compare with 열무김치, which uses young summer radish, and 깍두기, which uses diced radish.]</p>
[Made with whole small "chonggak" radishes, often including the green tops, usually left whole or cut in half. Compare with 열무김치, which uses young summer radish, and 깍두기, which uses diced radish.]
examples:
- ko: "**총각김치**는 무가 통째로 들어가요"
en: "**Chonggak kimchi** has the whole radish in it"
@@ -608,7 +615,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 열무김치
en: radish kimchi
notes: |
<p>[Made with young summer radish (열무), which has soft leaves and thin roots. Often eaten with cold noodles (열무국수) in summer. Compare with 총각김치, which uses a different, more mature radish.]</p>
[Made with young summer radish (열무), which has soft leaves and thin roots. Often eaten with cold noodles (열무국수) in summer. Compare with 총각김치, which uses a different, more mature radish.]
examples:
- ko: "**열무김치**는 여름에 인기가 많아요"
en: "**Yeolmu kimchi** is very popular in summer"
@@ -620,7 +627,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 나물
en: seasoned herbs/vegetables
notes: |
<p>[A general term for banchan made from herbs or vegetables that are blanched/cooked and then seasoned, typically with sesame oil, garlic, and salt. 콩나물 무침 is one specific example of 나물.]</p>
[A general term for banchan made from herbs or vegetables that are blanched/cooked and then seasoned, typically with sesame oil, garlic, and salt. 콩나물 무침 is one specific example of 나물.]
examples:
- ko: 저는 **나물**을 좋아해요
en: I like **seasoned vegetables**
@@ -632,7 +639,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 콩나물 무침
en: seasoned beansprout
notes: |
<p>[A specific type of 나물 made from soybean sprouts (콩나물), seasoned typically with sesame oil, garlic, and salt]</p>
[A specific type of 나물 made from soybean sprouts (콩나물), seasoned typically with sesame oil, garlic, and salt]
examples:
- ko: "**콩나물 무침**을 만들어 줄게요"
en: I'll make you some **seasoned beansprouts**
@@ -645,7 +652,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 국
en: soup (with one main ingredient and a lot of water)
notes: |
<p>[More of a soup with one main ingredient and a lot of water, compared to 찌개 and 탕]</p>
[More of a soup with one main ingredient and a lot of water, compared to 찌개 and 탕]
examples:
- ko: "**미역국**을 먹었어요"
en: I ate seaweed **soup**
@@ -654,7 +661,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 찌개
en: stew (less water, lots of things boiled together)
notes: |
<p>[More of a stew with less water than 국, and lots of ingredients boiled together]</p>
[More of a stew with less water than 국, and lots of ingredients boiled together]
examples:
- ko: "**김치찌개**를 시켰어요"
en: I ordered kimchi **stew**
@@ -663,7 +670,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 탕
en: '"tang" (watery, but boiled for a long time with a lot of stuff in it)'
notes: |
<p>[Watery like 국, but boiled for a long time and containing a lot of ingredients, often meat/bones]</p>
[Watery like 국, but boiled for a long time and containing a lot of ingredients, often meat/bones]
examples:
- ko: "**삼계탕**을 여름에 먹어요"
en: I eat **samgyetang** (chicken ginseng **soup**) in the summer
@@ -692,7 +699,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 삼계탕
en: chicken soup with ginseng
notes: |
<p>[Often eaten in the summer, believed to help restore energy during hot weather]</p>
[Often eaten in the summer, believed to help restore energy during hot weather]
examples:
- ko: 더운 날에는 **삼계탕**을 먹어요
en: We eat **samgyetang** on hot days
@@ -704,7 +711,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 닭볶음탕
en: stir fried chicken pot
notes: |
<p><img src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/dalkbokkeumtang.jpg"></p>
![](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/dalkbokkeumtang.jpg)
examples:
- ko: "**닭볶음탕**은 좀 매워요"
en: "**Dakbokkeumtang** is a bit spicy"
@@ -746,8 +753,9 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 감자탕
en: pork vertebrae stew
notes: |
<p><img src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/kamjatang.jpg"></p>
<p>감자 also means "potato" in Korean, so many foreigners (and even some younger Korean people) incorrectly assume that 감자탕 should contain potatoes. You'll often see potatoes in 감자탕, but this is reportedly a modern phenomenon caused by people ordering 감자탕 and arguing that there should be potatoes in their "potato stew."</p>
![](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/kamjatang.jpg)
감자 also means "potato" in Korean, so many foreigners (and even some younger Korean people) incorrectly assume that 감자탕 should contain potatoes. You'll often see potatoes in 감자탕, but this is reportedly a modern phenomenon caused by people ordering 감자탕 and arguing that there should be potatoes in their "potato stew."
examples:
- ko: "**감자탕**에는 감자가 없을 수도 있어요"
en: "**Gamjatang** might not have any potatoes in it"
@@ -759,7 +767,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 부대찌개
en: Army soup
notes: |
<p>During the Korean war, the US military used to give extra food to Korean people on the street. This usually consisted of things like hot-dogs and other similar items, so Korean people at the time took all the ingredients and made a stew out of it.</p>
During the Korean war, the US military used to give extra food to Korean people on the street. This usually consisted of things like hot-dogs and other similar items, so Korean people at the time took all the ingredients and made a stew out of it.
examples:
- ko: "**부대찌개**에는 소시지랑 햄이 들어가요"
en: "**Budae-jjigae** has sausage and ham in it"
@@ -772,7 +780,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 삼겹살
en: pork belly (similar to bacon, but thicker)
notes: |
<p><img src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/samgyupsal.jpg"></p>
![](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/samgyupsal.jpg)
examples:
- ko: "**삼겹살** 2개랑 밥 2공기 주세요"
en: Two orders of **Samgyupsal**, and two orders of rice, please
@@ -780,7 +788,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 오겹살
en: pork belly (but there are five layers of fat instead of three)
notes: |
<p>[Compare with 삼겹살, which has three layers of fat/meat; 오겹살 has five layers, making it slightly fattier]</p>
[Compare with 삼겹살, which has three layers of fat/meat; 오겹살 has five layers, making it slightly fattier]
examples:
- ko: "**오겹살**은 삼겹살보다 더 기름져요"
en: "**Ogyeopsal** is fattier than samgyeopsal"
@@ -812,7 +820,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: LA 갈비
en: short ribs
notes: |
<p>[Cut across the bone so several small round bones appear in each strip, unlike traditional 갈비 which is cut along the bone; named after Los Angeles, where this cut became popular]</p>
[Cut across the bone so several small round bones appear in each strip, unlike traditional 갈비 which is cut along the bone; named after Los Angeles, where this cut became popular]
examples:
- ko: "**LA 갈비**는 뼈가 여러 개 보여요"
en: "**LA galbi** has several bones visible in it"
@@ -824,7 +832,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 닭갈비
en: stir-fried chicken
notes: |
<p>[Despite containing "갈비" (ribs) in the name, 닭갈비 doesn't contain ribs at all — it's stir-fried marinated chicken, usually with vegetables and rice cakes]</p>
[Despite containing "갈비" (ribs) in the name, 닭갈비 doesn't contain ribs at all — it's stir-fried marinated chicken, usually with vegetables and rice cakes]
examples:
- ko: "**닭갈비**는 맵고 맛있어요"
en: "**Dakgalbi** is spicy and delicious"
@@ -836,7 +844,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 불고기
en: meat marinated in sweet soy sauce
notes: |
<p><img src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/bulgogi2.jpg"></p>
![](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/bulgogi2.jpg)
examples:
- ko: "**불고기**는 좀 달아요"
en: "**Bulgogi** is a bit sweet"
@@ -866,7 +874,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 떡
en: Rice cakes
notes: |
<p>Rice cakes (떡) are soft and doughy, and are not the same as the dry, crunchy rice cakes that are common in the West.</p>
Rice cakes (떡) are soft and doughy, and are not the same as the dry, crunchy rice cakes that are common in the West.
examples:
- ko: "**떡**은 쫄깃쫄깃해요"
en: "**Rice cakes** are chewy"
@@ -878,7 +886,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 떡볶이
en: Spicy rice cakes
notes: |
<p><img src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/ddokbokki.jpg"></p>
![](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/ddokbokki.jpg)
examples:
- ko: "**떡볶이**가 너무 매워요"
en: "**Tteokbokki** is too spicy"
@@ -890,7 +898,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 비빔밥
en: Mixed rice with vegetables
notes: |
<p><img src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/bibimbap.jpg"></p>
![](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/bibimbap.jpg)
examples:
- ko: "**비빔밥**을 잘 비벼야 돼요"
en: You have to mix the **bibimbap** well
+30 -30
View File
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: "가게"
en: "store (general term)"
notes: |
<p>General, all-purpose word for "store" or "shop." Compare with the more specific terms below: 시장 (market), 백화점 (department store), 슈퍼 (supermarket), 편의점 (convenience store), and 서점 (bookstore) are all technically types of 가게, but Koreans usually use the specific word rather than 가게 when the type of store is known.</p>
General, all-purpose word for "store" or "shop." Compare with the more specific terms below: 시장 (market), 백화점 (department store), 슈퍼 (supermarket), 편의점 (convenience store), and 서점 (bookstore) are all technically types of 가게, but Koreans usually use the specific word rather than 가게 when the type of store is known.
examples:
- ko: "이 **가게**는 몇 시에 열어요?"
en: "What time does this **store** open?"
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: "시장"
en: "market"
notes: |
<p>An open-air or general market, as opposed to a single store. See 전통시장 below for the "traditional market" variant.</p>
An open-air or general market, as opposed to a single store. See 전통시장 below for the "traditional market" variant.
examples:
- ko: "이 **시장**에 사람이 너무 많아요"
en: "There are so many people at the **market**"
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: "전통시장"
en: "traditional market"
notes: |
<p>전통 (traditional) + 시장 (market). Refers to old-style, often outdoor Korean markets, as opposed to a modern supermarket or department store.</p>
전통 (traditional) + 시장 (market). Refers to old-style, often outdoor Korean markets, as opposed to a modern supermarket or department store.
examples:
- ko: "**전통시장**이 어디에 있는 지 알아요?"
en: "Do you know where the **traditional market** is?"
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: "슈퍼"
en: "supermarket"
notes: |
<p>Shortened form of 슈퍼마켓 (supermarket), used the same way in everyday speech.</p>
Shortened form of 슈퍼마켓 (supermarket), used the same way in everyday speech.
examples:
- ko: "저는 **슈퍼**에 갔다 왔어요"
en: "I went to the **supermarket** (and came back here)"
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: "돈"
en: "money"
notes: |
<p>General word for money. Compare with 현금 below, which specifically means "cash" (as opposed to card/electronic payment).</p>
General word for money. Compare with 현금 below, which specifically means "cash" (as opposed to card/electronic payment).
examples:
- ko: "**돈**이 부족해요"
en: "I don't have enough **money**"
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: "현금"
en: "cash"
notes: |
<p>Specifically "cash," used to contrast with paying by card (신용 카드/체크 카드).</p>
Specifically "cash," used to contrast with paying by card (신용 카드/체크 카드).
examples:
- ko: "**현금**으로 계산해도 돼요?"
en: "Can I pay in **cash**?"
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: "신용 카드"
en: "credit card"
notes: |
<p>Often written/spoken without the space as 신용카드. Compare with 체크 카드 (debit card) below — the two are easily confused.</p>
Often written/spoken without the space as 신용카드. Compare with 체크 카드 (debit card) below — the two are easily confused.
examples:
- ko: "**신용카드**로 계산할게요"
en: "I'll use a **credit card** to pay for this"
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: "체크 카드"
en: "debit card"
notes: |
<p>Also often written without the space as 체크카드. Money is withdrawn directly from your bank account, unlike 신용 카드 (credit card).</p>
Also often written without the space as 체크카드. Money is withdrawn directly from your bank account, unlike 신용 카드 (credit card).
examples:
- ko: "**체크카드**로 계산할게요"
en: "I'll pay with a **debit card**"
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: "적립카드"
en: "point card"
notes: |
<p>A store loyalty/points card. Compare with 할인카드 below (a discount card), which is a different kind of card — one saves up points, the other gives an immediate discount.</p>
A store loyalty/points card. Compare with 할인카드 below (a discount card), which is a different kind of card — one saves up points, the other gives an immediate discount.
examples:
- ko: "**적립카드**가 있어요?"
en: "Do you have a **point card**?"
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: "할인"
en: "discount"
notes: |
<p>The noun/verb-stem "discount," used in compounds like 할인상품 (discounted product) and 할인카드 (discount card), or on its own with 하다/해 주다 ("to give a discount").</p>
The noun/verb-stem "discount," used in compounds like 할인상품 (discounted product) and 할인카드 (discount card), or on its own with 하다/해 주다 ("to give a discount").
examples:
- ko: "**할인**상품이 어디에 있어요?"
en: "Where are the **discount** products?"
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: "할인카드"
en: "discount card"
notes: |
<p>Sometimes written 할인 카드 with a space. A physical card that grants a discount, as opposed to 적립카드 (a point/loyalty card that accumulates points over time).</p>
Sometimes written 할인 카드 with a space. A physical card that grants a discount, as opposed to 적립카드 (a point/loyalty card that accumulates points over time).
examples:
- ko: "**할인 카드**가 있으시면 주세요"
en: "If you have a **discount card**, please give it to me"
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: "값"
en: "price"
notes: |
<p>A more native/colloquial word for "price," often used in casual speech and in compounds like 반값 (half price). Compare with 가격 below, which is the more formal/written Sino-Korean equivalent — the two are largely interchangeable but 가격 sounds slightly more formal.</p>
A more native/colloquial word for "price," often used in casual speech and in compounds like 반값 (half price). Compare with 가격 below, which is the more formal/written Sino-Korean equivalent — the two are largely interchangeable but 가격 sounds slightly more formal.
examples:
- ko: "이 옷 **값**이 얼마예요?"
en: "How much is the **price** of these clothes?"
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: "반값"
en: "half price"
notes: |
<p>반 (half) + 값 (price).</p>
반 (half) + 값 (price).
examples:
- ko: "저는 이 책을 **반값**에 샀어요"
en: "I bought this book for **half price**"
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: "가격"
en: "price"
notes: |
<p>The more formal, Sino-Korean word for "price," commonly seen in writing (menus, signs, price tags) as well as speech. Compare with 값 above.</p>
The more formal, Sino-Korean word for "price," commonly seen in writing (menus, signs, price tags) as well as speech. Compare with 값 above.
examples:
- ko: "다른 데에서 **가격**을 비교하자"
en: "Let's compare **prices** at another place"
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: "가격표"
en: "price tag"
notes: |
<p>가격 (price) + 표 (tag/label/chart).</p>
가격 (price) + 표 (tag/label/chart).
examples:
- ko: "이 셔츠는 **가격표**가 없어요"
en: "This shirt doesn't have a **price tag**"
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: "중고"
en: "used"
notes: |
<p>An attributive word meaning "used/secondhand," placed before a noun (e.g. 중고 신발 "used shoes"). Compare with 중고품 below, which is a standalone noun meaning "a used item."</p>
An attributive word meaning "used/secondhand," placed before a noun (e.g. 중고 신발 "used shoes"). Compare with 중고품 below, which is a standalone noun meaning "a used item."
examples:
- ko: "저는 **중고** 신발을 샀어요"
en: "I bought **used** shoes"
@@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: "중고품"
en: "a used item (second hand goods)"
notes: |
<p>중고 (used) + 품 (goods/item) — a standalone noun, unlike 중고 above which needs to attach to another noun.</p>
중고 (used) + 품 (goods/item) — a standalone noun, unlike 중고 above which needs to attach to another noun.
examples:
- ko: "이 **중고품**은 상태가 좋아요"
en: "This **used item** is in good condition"
@@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: "고객(님)"
en: "customer"
notes: |
<p>님 is an honorific suffix added when addressing or referring to a customer politely (e.g. in stores). Compare with 점원 below (the store worker) — opposite roles in a transaction.</p>
님 is an honorific suffix added when addressing or referring to a customer politely (e.g. in stores). Compare with 점원 below (the store worker) — opposite roles in a transaction.
examples:
- ko: "그 주인은 **고객님**들을 잘 대우해요"
en: "That owner treats the **customers** well"
@@ -308,7 +308,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: "점원"
en: "worker at a store"
notes: |
<p>Refers to the staff member/clerk working at a store, as opposed to 고객(님) (the customer).</p>
Refers to the staff member/clerk working at a store, as opposed to 고객(님) (the customer).
examples:
- ko: "**점원**한테 물어보세요"
en: "Ask the **store worker**"
@@ -370,7 +370,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: "팔다"
en: "to sell"
notes: |
<p>Compare with 되팔다 below (to resell).</p>
Compare with 되팔다 below (to resell).
examples:
- ko: "이 가게는 신발을 **팔아요**"
en: "This store **sells** shoes"
@@ -385,7 +385,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: "되팔다"
en: "to resell"
notes: |
<p>되- (re-) + 팔다 (to sell).</p>
되- (re-) + 팔다 (to sell).
examples:
- ko: "저는 그 신발을 **되팔았어요**"
en: "I **resold** those shoes"
@@ -400,7 +400,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: "내다"
en: "to pay"
notes: |
<p>Used specifically for "paying" an amount (e.g. 돈을 내다, 세금을 내다). Compare with 계산하다 below, which is more about "settling/calculating the payment" at checkout.</p>
Used specifically for "paying" an amount (e.g. 돈을 내다, 세금을 내다). Compare with 계산하다 below, which is more about "settling/calculating the payment" at checkout.
examples:
- ko: "제가 돈을 **낼게요**"
en: "I'll **pay** the money"
@@ -415,7 +415,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: "계산하다"
en: "to pay for"
notes: |
<p>Literally "to calculate," used in the context of a store to mean "to pay/settle the bill." Compare with 내다 above.</p>
Literally "to calculate," used in the context of a store to mean "to pay/settle the bill." Compare with 내다 above.
examples:
- ko: "신용카드로 **계산할게요**"
en: "I'll use a credit card **to pay** for this"
@@ -423,7 +423,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: "환불하다"
en: "to refund"
notes: |
<p>The examples below use the related noun form 환불 (refund) with 되다/받다, which is very common in everyday speech alongside the plain verb 환불하다.</p>
The examples below use the related noun form 환불 (refund) with 되다/받다, which is very common in everyday speech alongside the plain verb 환불하다.
examples:
- ko: "환불은 안 됩니다"
en: "No refund"
@@ -439,7 +439,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: "장을 보다"
en: "to do the groceries"
notes: |
<p>Literally "to see/look at the market" (장 = market, 보다 = to see), an idiomatic expression for grocery shopping.</p>
Literally "to see/look at the market" (장 = market, 보다 = to see), an idiomatic expression for grocery shopping.
examples:
- ko: "저는 주말마다 **장을 봐요**"
en: "I **do the groceries** every weekend"
@@ -454,7 +454,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: "적립하다"
en: "to save/accumulate (things like points)"
notes: |
<p>The examples below use the related passive form 적립되다 (to be accumulated) and 적립을 받다 (to receive/earn points), which are more natural in everyday speech than the plain active form.</p>
The examples below use the related passive form 적립되다 (to be accumulated) and 적립을 받다 (to receive/earn points), which are more natural in everyday speech than the plain active form.
examples:
- ko: "적립카드를 신청하시면 포인트가 **적립됩니다**"
en: "If you get a point card, you can **save** points"
@@ -464,7 +464,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: "입다"
en: "to wear"
notes: |
<p>Compare with 입어보다 below (to try something on), which adds 보다 ("to try, see") to this verb.</p>
Compare with 입어보다 below (to try something on), which adds 보다 ("to try, see") to this verb.
examples:
- ko: "저는 오늘 셔츠를 **입었어요**"
en: "I **wore** a shirt today"
@@ -479,7 +479,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: "입어보다"
en: "to try something on"
notes: |
<p>입다 (to wear) + 보다 (to try, see) — literally "to wear and see."</p>
입다 (to wear) + 보다 (to try, see) — literally "to wear and see."
examples:
- ko: "이 바지를 **입어봐도** 돼요?"
en: "Can I **try** these pants **on**?"
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: "싸다"
en: "cheap"
notes: |
<p>Compare with 저렴하다 below, a slightly more polite/formal word for "inexpensive," often preferred in customer-facing or business contexts.</p>
Compare with 저렴하다 below, a slightly more polite/formal word for "inexpensive," often preferred in customer-facing or business contexts.
examples:
- ko: "이 신발은 정말 **싸요**"
en: "These shoes are really **cheap**"
@@ -527,7 +527,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: "저렴하다"
en: "inexpensive"
notes: |
<p>A more polite/formal way to say something is "cheap" or reasonably priced, compared to the more casual/blunt 싸다. Often used by salespeople describing their own products.</p>
A more polite/formal way to say something is "cheap" or reasonably priced, compared to the more casual/blunt 싸다. Often used by salespeople describing their own products.
examples:
- ko: "이 가게는 가격이 **저렴해요**"
en: "This store's prices are **inexpensive**"
+56 -41
View File
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: "날씨"
en: "weather"
notes: |
<p>날씨 = the day-to-day weather conditions. 기후 = climate, the long-term pattern.</p>
날씨 = the day-to-day weather conditions. 기후 = climate, the long-term pattern.
examples:
- ko: "**날씨**가 너무 더워요"
en: "The **weather** is too hot"
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ vocabulary:
notes: Generated by Claude
- ko: "비"
en: "rain"
notes: "<p>비가 오다 / 비가 내리다 = for rain to come / fall. 비 is also part of compounds such as 비옷 (rain jacket).</p>"
notes: "비가 오다 / 비가 내리다 = for rain to come / fall. 비 is also part of compounds such as 비옷 (rain jacket)."
examples:
- ko: "**비**가 왔어요"
en: "It rained (lit. **rain** came)"
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: "눈"
en: "snow"
notes: |
<p>눈 also means "eye". Context tells you which one is meant: 눈이 오다 = snow comes, 눈이 아프다 = eyes hurt.</p>
눈 also means "eye". Context tells you which one is meant: 눈이 오다 = snow comes, 눈이 아프다 = eyes hurt.
examples:
- ko: "**눈**이 왔어요"
en: "It snowed (lit. **snow** came)"
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: "이슬비"
en: "drizzle"
notes: |
<p>이슬비 is a very fine, light rain, lighter than a 소나기 (a sudden shower).</p>
이슬비 is a very fine, light rain, lighter than a 소나기 (a sudden shower).
examples:
- ko: "아침부터 **이슬비**가 내려요"
en: "A **drizzle** has been falling since the morning"
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ vocabulary:
notes: Generated by Claude
- ko: "눈바람"
en: "blizzard (snow + wind)"
notes: "<p>눈바람 literally means snow + wind. 눈보라 is also commonly used for a blizzard or snowstorm.</p>"
notes: "눈바람 literally means snow + wind. 눈보라 is also commonly used for a blizzard or snowstorm."
examples:
- ko: "**눈바람**이 심하게 불어요"
en: "A **blizzard** is blowing hard"
@@ -220,8 +220,9 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: "해"
en: "sun"
notes: |
<p>해 means "sun" here. It also means "year" (올해 = this year) and "harm" in other contexts.</p>
<p>The sun has the verbs 뜨다 (rise) and 지다 (set).</p>
해 means "sun" here. It also means "year" (올해 = this year) and "harm" in other contexts.
The sun has the verbs 뜨다 (rise) and 지다 (set).
examples:
- ko: "여름에는 **해**가 일찍 떠요"
en: "In the summer, the **sun** rises early"
@@ -348,16 +349,18 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: "난방"
en: "heating"
notes: |
<p>난방 is heating (a building, a room, a heater system). Compare 냉방 (cooling).</p>
<p>You will see these words written on signs indicating that the air conditioner or heater is on, and because of that, the owner of the building (or whatever) wants you to close the door after you come in or leave. For example, you might see "난방중". Another place you will see these is on the control console for the central heating/cooling in a building, where you can choose heat "난방" or cooling "냉방".</p>
난방 is heating (a building, a room, a heater system). Compare 냉방 (cooling).
You will see these words written on signs indicating that the air conditioner or heater is on, and because of that, the owner of the building (or whatever) wants you to close the door after you come in or leave. For example, you might see "난방중". Another place you will see these is on the control console for the central heating/cooling in a building, where you can choose heat "난방" or cooling "냉방".
examples:
- ko: "이 방은 **난방** 중이다"
en: "This room is being **heated**"
- ko: "냉방"
en: "cooling (air conditioning)"
notes: |
<p>냉방 is cooling / air conditioning. Compare 난방 (heating).</p>
<p>You will see these words written on signs indicating that the air conditioner or heater is on, and because of that, the owner of the building (or whatever) wants you to close the door after you come in or leave. For example, you might see "냉방중". Another place you will see these is on the control console for the central heating/cooling in a building, where you can choose heat "난방" or cooling "냉방".</p>
냉방 is cooling / air conditioning. Compare 난방 (heating).
You will see these words written on signs indicating that the air conditioner or heater is on, and because of that, the owner of the building (or whatever) wants you to close the door after you come in or leave. For example, you might see "냉방중". Another place you will see these is on the control console for the central heating/cooling in a building, where you can choose heat "난방" or cooling "냉방".
examples:
- ko: "이 방은 **냉방** 중이다"
en: "This room is being air conditioned (**cooled**)"
@@ -366,10 +369,12 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: "치다"
en: "to strike (lightning/thunder)"
notes: |
<p>치다 has many meanings that depend on context:</p>
<p>1) for lightning/thunder to strike (번개가 치다, 천둥이 치다)</p>
<p>2) to play/hit (골프를 치다, 테니스를 치다)</p>
<p>It is not the same verb as 치우다 (to clear away).</p>
치다 has many meanings that depend on context:
- for lightning/thunder to strike (번개가 치다, 천둥이 치다)
- to play/hit (골프를 치다, 테니스를 치다)
It is not the same verb as 치우다 (to clear away).
examples:
- ko: "저는 천둥 **치는** 소리를 들었어요"
en: "I heard (the sound of) thunder **striking**"
@@ -382,8 +387,9 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: "쌓이다"
en: "to be piled up"
notes: |
<p>The word 쌓이다 is used when it snows but the snow doesn't go away, and it continues to pile up more and more.</p>
<p>It is the passive form of 쌓다 (to pile something up).</p>
The word 쌓이다 is used when it snows but the snow doesn't go away, and it continues to pile up more and more.
It is the passive form of 쌓다 (to pile something up).
examples:
- ko: "눈이 **쌓이고** 있어요"
en: "The snow is **piling up**"
@@ -392,8 +398,9 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: "오다"
en: "to come (rain/snow)"
notes: |
<p>오다 is the everyday verb for rain/snow coming. 내리다 (to fall down) is also used, and sounds a little more descriptive.</p>
<p>오다 literally means "to come" and is also used for storms and seasons arriving (태풍이 오다, 봄이 오다).</p>
오다 is the everyday verb for rain/snow coming. 내리다 (to fall down) is also used, and sounds a little more descriptive.
오다 literally means "to come" and is also used for storms and seasons arriving (태풍이 오다, 봄이 오다).
examples:
- ko: "비가 **왔어요**"
en: "It rained (lit. rain **came**)"
@@ -408,8 +415,9 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: "내리다"
en: "to fall (rain/snow)"
notes: |
<p>내리다 = for rain/snow to fall down. It focuses on the falling motion, whereas 오다 is the plain everyday verb.</p>
<p>내리다 also means "to get off" (버스에서 내리다) and "to go down".</p>
내리다 = for rain/snow to fall down. It focuses on the falling motion, whereas 오다 is the plain everyday verb.
내리다 also means "to get off" (버스에서 내리다) and "to go down".
examples:
- ko: "비가 많이 **내려요**"
en: "It's raining a lot (lit. rain is **falling** a lot)"
@@ -435,10 +443,11 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: "지다"
en: "to set (sun)"
notes: |
<p>지다 depends on context:</p>
<p>1) for the sun to set (해가 지다)</p>
<p>2) for flowers to wither/fall (꽃이 지다)</p>
<p>3) to lose (경기에서 지다)</p>
지다 depends on context:
- for the sun to set (해가 지다)
- for flowers to wither/fall (꽃이 지다)
- to lose (경기에서 지다)
examples:
- ko: "여름에는 해가 늦게 **져요**"
en: "In the summer, the sun **sets** late"
@@ -451,7 +460,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: "뜨다"
en: "to rise (sun)"
notes: |
<p>뜨다 depends on context: for the sun to rise (해가 뜨다), to float (물에 뜨다), and to open one's eyes (눈을 뜨다).</p>
뜨다 depends on context: for the sun to rise (해가 뜨다), to float (물에 뜨다), and to open one's eyes (눈을 뜨다).
examples:
- ko: "여름에는 해가 일찍 **떠요**"
en: "In the summer, the sun **rises** early"
@@ -494,8 +503,9 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: "덥다"
en: "hot (weather)"
notes: |
<p>덥다 is for hot weather or feeling hot. It is a ㅂ irregular adjective (더워요, 더운, 더워서).</p>
<p>For something hot to the touch (water, food), 뜨겁다 is used.</p>
덥다 is for hot weather or feeling hot. It is a ㅂ irregular adjective (더워요, 더운, 더워서).
For something hot to the touch (water, food), 뜨겁다 is used.
examples:
- ko: "날씨가 너무 **더워요**"
en: "The weather is too **hot**"
@@ -631,8 +641,9 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: "영상"
en: "above zero"
notes: |
<p>영상 means "above zero" when talking about temperature, e.g. 영상 3도.</p>
<p>영상 also means "video/footage" in other contexts. Compare 영하 (below zero).</p>
영상 means "above zero" when talking about temperature, e.g. 영상 3도.
영상 also means "video/footage" in other contexts. Compare 영하 (below zero).
examples:
- ko: "낮 기온은 **영상** 3도예요"
en: "The daytime temperature is 3 degrees **above zero**"
@@ -649,7 +660,7 @@ sentence:
- ko: "비가 왔어요"
en: "It rained"
notes: |
<p>Mainly past tense: "It rained". The sentence pool also lists "It's raining" for this sentence (rain that has come and is still around), but for a plain present "It's raining" use 비가 와요.</p>
Mainly past tense: "It rained". The sentence pool also lists "It's raining" for this sentence (rain that has come and is still around), but for a plain present "It's raining" use 비가 와요.
- ko: "비가 와요"
en: "It's raining"
notes: "Present tense. 오다 (to come) is the everyday verb for rain/snow; 내리다 (to fall down) is also used."
@@ -668,16 +679,18 @@ sentence:
- ko: "골프를 치고 있었는데 갑자기 소나기가 왔어요"
en: "I was playing golf, and then suddenly it started to shower"
notes: |
<p>치다 here means "to play (golf)", not "to strike (lightning)". Context decides the meaning.</p>
<p>-는데 sets up the background, then the new event follows ("and then").</p>
치다 here means "to play (golf)", not "to strike (lightning)". Context decides the meaning.
-는데 sets up the background, then the new event follows ("and then").
- ko: "내일 기온이 30도까지 올라갈 거에요"
en: "The temperature tomorrow is going to go up to 30 degrees"
notes: "Standard spelling is 거예요; 거에요 is a common informal spelling and is kept as in the pool. 까지 = up to."
- ko: "다음 주까지 폭염이 예상됩니다"
en: "A heat wave is expected until next week"
notes: |
<p>"(to last)" is implied: the heat wave is expected to continue until next week.</p>
<p>예상되다 = to be expected. -ㅂ니다 is the formal style used in weather forecasts and news.</p>
"(to last)" is implied: the heat wave is expected to continue until next week.
예상되다 = to be expected. -ㅂ니다 is the formal style used in weather forecasts and news.
- ko: "이 방은 냉방 중이다"
en: "This room is being air conditioned"
notes: "-중이다 = in the middle of (doing). The plain -이다 ending is typical on signs and notices."
@@ -716,8 +729,9 @@ sentence:
- ko: "낙엽 때문에 산길이 미끄러워요"
en: "The path is slippery because of the fallen leaves"
notes: |
<p>산길 = mountain path ("(mountain)" path).</p>
<p>미끄럽다 is a ㅂ irregular adjective (미끄러워요). 때문에 = because of (after a noun).</p>
산길 = mountain path ("(mountain)" path).
미끄럽다 is a ㅂ irregular adjective (미끄러워요). 때문에 = because of (after a noun).
- ko: "날씨가 서늘해요"
en: "The weather is cool"
notes: "서늘하다 is a pleasant, fresh coolness. See also 쌀쌀하다 (chilly)."
@@ -739,8 +753,9 @@ sentence:
- ko: "가을에는 일교차가 크기 때문에 겉옷을 항상 준비해야 해요"
en: "You should always prepare outer clothes in the fall because the temperature can be very different from morning to night"
notes: |
<p>겉옷 = outer clothes (like a jacket). 일교차 = the difference in temperature within a day.</p>
<p>-기 때문에 = because (verb/adjective). 항상 = always.</p>
겉옷 = outer clothes (like a jacket). 일교차 = the difference in temperature within a day.
-기 때문에 = because (verb/adjective). 항상 = always.
- ko: "가을에는 날씨가 매우 건조해서 산불이 많이 나요"
en: "Forest fires happen a lot in fall because the weather is very dry"
notes: "불이 나다 = for a fire to break out. 나다 is used for things that appear or occur (fire, smell, noise)."
@@ -778,7 +793,7 @@ sentence:
notes: "-다가 = while doing X, something interrupts. 넘어지다 = to fall over."
- ko: "눈이 쌓이고 있어요"
en: "The snow is piling up"
notes: "<p>The word 쌓이다 is used when it snows but the snow doesn't go away, and it continues to pile up more and more.</p>"
notes: "The word 쌓이다 is used when it snows but the snow doesn't go away, and it continues to pile up more and more."
- ko: "겨울에 한국 사람들이 문을 왜 안 닫는지 이해가 안 돼요"
en: "I don't understand why Korean people don't close the door in the winter"
notes: "-는지 = embedded 'why/whether' question. 이해가 안 돼요 = I can't understand / it doesn't make sense to me."
@@ -816,7 +831,7 @@ sentence:
- ko: "저는 천둥 치는 소리를 들었어요"
en: "I heard thunder"
notes: |
<p>Literally "I heard the sound of thunder striking". 듣다 is a ㄷ irregular verb (들었어요).</p>
Literally "I heard the sound of thunder striking". 듣다 is a ㄷ irregular verb (들었어요).
- ko: "비옷을 사야겠어요"
en: "I'll have to buy a rain jacket"
notes: "-아/어야겠다 = I'll have to / I'd better (a decision made on the spot)."