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docs/.vitepress/theme/components/VocabQuiz.vue
+6 -4
View File
@@ -61,9 +61,11 @@
</summary>
<SentenceAudio v-if="example" :v="example" lang="en" />
<blockquote v-if="notes.length" :class="$style.notes">
<div v-for="(n, i) in notes" :key="i" v-html="n"></div>
</blockquote>
<blockquote
v-if="notes.length"
:class="$style.notes"
v-html="markdownIt.render(notes.join('\n\n'))"
></blockquote>
<div>
<button
@@ -462,7 +464,7 @@ async function onVContentSave() {
}
const markdownIt = new MarkdownIt({
html: false,
html: true,
breaks: true,
linkify: true,
typographer: true,
docs/howtostudykorean/theme/01-school.md
+81 -77
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@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 학교
en: school
notes: |
<p>Basic word for "school" in general, used for elementary, middle, high school, or university contexts (though 대학교 is more specific for university).</p>
Basic word for "school" in general, used for elementary, middle, high school, or university contexts (though 대학교 is more specific for university).
examples:
- ko: 저는 매일 **학교**에 가요
en: I go to **school** every day
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 학생
en: student
notes: |
<p>General word for "student," used for any level of schooling.</p>
General word for "student," used for any level of schooling.
examples:
- ko: 저는 **학생**이에요
en: I am a **student**
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 선생님
en: teacher
notes: |
<p>The polite, everyday word for "teacher." Also commonly used as a title/honorific when addressing or referring to a teacher, similar to "Mr./Ms. [Name]."</p>
The polite, everyday word for "teacher." Also commonly used as a title/honorific when addressing or referring to a teacher, similar to "Mr./Ms. [Name]."
examples:
- ko: 우리 **선생님**은 친절해요
en: Our **teacher** is kind
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 교사
en: teacher
notes: |
<p>A more formal/official word for "teacher," often used in writing, job titles, or news, rather than in direct conversation (where 선생님 is preferred).</p>
A more formal/official word for "teacher," often used in writing, job titles, or news, rather than in direct conversation (where 선생님 is preferred).
examples:
- ko: 그는 초등학교 **교사**예요
en: He is an elementary school **teacher**
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 담임선생님
en: homeroom teacher
notes: |
<p>Refers specifically to the homeroom teacher who is in charge of a particular class (반) of students.</p>
Refers specifically to the homeroom teacher who is in charge of a particular class (반) of students.
examples:
- ko: 우리 **담임선생님**은 수학을 가르쳐요
en: Our **homeroom teacher** teaches math
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 교장선생님
en: principal
notes: |
<p>Refers to the principal of a school. 교장 alone means "principal," and 선생님 is added as a respectful title.</p>
Refers to the principal of a school. 교장 alone means "principal," and 선생님 is added as a respectful title.
examples:
- ko: "**교장선생님**이 연설을 했어요"
en: The **principal** gave a speech
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 교감선생님
en: vice principal
notes: |
<p>Refers to the vice principal, who typically ranks just below the 교장선생님 (principal).</p>
Refers to the vice principal, who typically ranks just below the 교장선생님 (principal).
examples:
- ko: "**교감선생님**이 학생들을 도와줬어요"
en: The **vice principal** helped the students
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 원어민 선생님
en: native speaking teacher
notes: |
<p>Refers to a native-speaking teacher, most commonly used for foreign language teachers (like English) who are native speakers of that language.</p>
Refers to a native-speaking teacher, most commonly used for foreign language teachers (like English) who are native speakers of that language.
examples:
- ko: "**원어민 선생님**과 영어로 대화했어요"
en: I talked with the **native speaking teacher** in English
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 과목
en: subject
notes: |
<p>Refers to an academic subject, such as math, science, English, etc.</p>
Refers to an academic subject, such as math, science, English, etc.
examples:
- ko: 제가 제일 좋아하는 **과목**은 수학이에요
en: My favorite **subject** is math
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 반
en: class (group of students)
notes: |
<p>Refers to a class as a group of students (like "homeroom" or "section"), not the lesson itself. Compare with 수업, which refers to the lesson/class session.</p>
Refers to a class as a group of students (like "homeroom" or "section"), not the lesson itself. Compare with 수업, which refers to the lesson/class session.
examples:
- ko: 우리 **반**에는 학생이 25명 있어요
en: Our **class** has 25 students
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 수업
en: class (lesson)
notes: |
<p>Refers to a class session or lesson, as opposed to 반 which refers to a group of students. Also commonly used with 듣다 ("to take a class") and 끝나다 ("class ends").</p>
Refers to a class session or lesson, as opposed to 반 which refers to a group of students. Also commonly used with 듣다 ("to take a class") and 끝나다 ("class ends").
examples:
- ko: "**수업**이 몇 시에 시작해요?"
en: What time does **class** start?
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 교실
en: classroom
notes: |
<p>Refers to the physical classroom space.</p>
Refers to the physical classroom space.
examples:
- ko: "**교실**이 너무 추워요"
en: The **classroom** is too cold
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 교시
en: period
notes: |
<p>Counter word used for class periods, always used with a number (일 교시, 이 교시, etc.). Uses Sino-Korean numbers.</p>
Counter word used for class periods, always used with a number (일 교시, 이 교시, etc.). Uses Sino-Korean numbers.
examples:
- ko: 지금 몇 **교시**예요?
en: What **period** is it now?
@@ -146,8 +146,9 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 1교시
en: first period
notes: |
<p>("일 교시")</p>
<p>Uses Sino-Korean number 일 (one) with the counter 교시. This numbering pattern continues for all class periods.</p>
("일 교시")
Uses Sino-Korean number 일 (one) with the counter 교시. This numbering pattern continues for all class periods.
examples:
- ko: "**1교시**는 국어 수업이에요"
en: "**First period** is Korean language class"
@@ -157,8 +158,9 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 2교시
en: second period
notes: |
<p>("이 교시")</p>
<p>Uses Sino-Korean number 이 (two) with the counter 교시.</p>
("이 교시")
Uses Sino-Korean number 이 (two) with the counter 교시.
examples:
- ko: "**2교시**는 영어 수업이에요"
en: "**Second period** is English class"
@@ -168,7 +170,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 시간표
en: timetable
notes: |
<p>Refers to a class schedule/timetable.</p>
Refers to a class schedule/timetable.
examples:
- ko: "**시간표**를 확인해 봤어요?"
en: Did you check the **timetable**?
@@ -178,7 +180,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 급식
en: the lunch served at school
notes: |
<p>Refers specifically to school-provided cafeteria lunch, as opposed to a packed lunch.</p>
Refers specifically to school-provided cafeteria lunch, as opposed to a packed lunch.
examples:
- ko: 오늘 **급식**은 맛있었어요
en: Today's school **lunch** was delicious
@@ -188,7 +190,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 동아리
en: club
notes: |
<p>Refers to a school club or extracurricular activity group.</p>
Refers to a school club or extracurricular activity group.
examples:
- ko: 저는 축구 **동아리**에 들어갔어요
en: I joined the soccer **club**
@@ -198,7 +200,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 시험
en: exam
notes: |
<p>General word for "exam" or "test." Often paired with 보다 to mean "to take an exam."</p>
General word for "exam" or "test." Often paired with 보다 to mean "to take an exam."
examples:
- ko: 내일 **시험**이 있어요
en: There's an **exam** tomorrow
@@ -210,7 +212,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 중간고사
en: midterm exam
notes: |
<p>Refers specifically to the midterm exam.</p>
Refers specifically to the midterm exam.
examples:
- ko: "**중간고사**가 다음 주예요"
en: The **midterm exam** is next week
@@ -220,7 +222,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 기말고사
en: final exam
notes: |
<p>Refers specifically to the final exam.</p>
Refers specifically to the final exam.
examples:
- ko: "**기말고사**는 이번 달 말에 있어요"
en: The **final exam** is at the end of this month
@@ -230,7 +232,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 문제
en: problem/question
notes: |
<p>Can refer to a "problem" in general or a "question" on a test/worksheet.</p>
Can refer to a "problem" in general or a "question" on a test/worksheet.
examples:
- ko: 이 **문제**를 풀 수 없어요
en: I can't solve this **problem**
@@ -242,7 +244,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 질문
en: question
notes: |
<p>Refers to a "question" asked in conversation or class, as opposed to 문제 which often refers to test/exercise questions.</p>
Refers to a "question" asked in conversation or class, as opposed to 문제 which often refers to test/exercise questions.
examples:
- ko: "**질문** 있어요?"
en: Do you have a **question**?
@@ -254,7 +256,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 방학
en: vacation
notes: |
<p>Refers specifically to a school vacation/break (like summer or winter break), as opposed to 휴가 which is used for adult work vacations.</p>
Refers specifically to a school vacation/break (like summer or winter break), as opposed to 휴가 which is used for adult work vacations.
examples:
- ko: "**방학** 때 뭐 할 거예요?"
en: What are you going to do during **vacation**?
@@ -266,7 +268,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 초등학교
en: elementary school
notes: |
<p>Refers to elementary school (grades 1-6 in Korea).</p>
Refers to elementary school (grades 1-6 in Korea).
examples:
- ko: 제 동생은 **초등학교**에 다녀요
en: My younger sibling attends **elementary school**
@@ -276,7 +278,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 중학교
en: middle school
notes: |
<p>Refers to middle school (grades 7-9 in Korea).</p>
Refers to middle school (grades 7-9 in Korea).
examples:
- ko: 저는 **중학교** 2학년이에요
en: I'm in **middle school** 2nd grade
@@ -286,7 +288,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 고등학교
en: high school
notes: |
<p>Refers to high school (grades 10-12 in Korea).</p>
Refers to high school (grades 10-12 in Korea).
examples:
- ko: "**고등학교** 생활은 정말 바빴어요"
en: "**High school** life was really busy"
@@ -298,7 +300,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 국립고등학교
en: public high school
notes: |
<p>Refers to a public/national high school, funded and operated by the government.</p>
Refers to a public/national high school, funded and operated by the government.
examples:
- ko: 저는 **국립고등학교**에 다녔어요
en: I attended a **public high school**
@@ -306,7 +308,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 사립고등학교
en: private high school
notes: |
<p>Refers to a private high school.</p>
Refers to a private high school.
examples:
- ko: 그 **사립고등학교**는 학비가 비싸요
en: That **private high school** has expensive tuition
@@ -314,7 +316,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 학원
en: after school private academy
notes: |
<p>Refers to a private academy/cram school that students attend after regular school hours for extra study.</p>
Refers to a private academy/cram school that students attend after regular school hours for extra study.
examples:
- ko: 저는 매일 **학원**에 가요
en: I go to **academy** every day
@@ -326,8 +328,9 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 학년
en: grade
notes: |
<p>(3학년 "삼학년" = third grade)</p>
<p>Refers to a school grade/year level. Uses Sino-Korean numbers (일학년, 이학년, 삼학년, etc.).</p>
(3학년 "삼학년" = third grade)
Refers to a school grade/year level. Uses Sino-Korean numbers (일학년, 이학년, 삼학년, etc.).
examples:
- ko: 저는 몇 **학년**이에요
en: What **grade** are you in
@@ -337,8 +340,9 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 학기
en: semester
notes: |
<p>(1학기 "일학기" = first semester)</p>
<p>Refers to a school semester. Uses Sino-Korean numbers (일학기, 이학기).</p>
(1학기 "일학기" = first semester)
Refers to a school semester. Uses Sino-Korean numbers (일학기, 이학기).
examples:
- ko: 이번 **학기**는 정말 힘들었어요
en: This **semester** was really hard
@@ -348,7 +352,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 수능
en: Korean SAT
notes: |
<p>Short for 대학수학능력시험, the standardized college entrance exam in Korea, similar to the SAT.</p>
Short for 대학수학능력시험, the standardized college entrance exam in Korea, similar to the SAT.
examples:
- ko: "**수능**은 11월에 있어요"
en: The **Korean SAT** is in November
@@ -358,7 +362,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 수행평가
en: performance assessment
notes: |
<p>Refers to a performance-based assessment (like a project, presentation, or report), as opposed to a written exam.</p>
Refers to a performance-based assessment (like a project, presentation, or report), as opposed to a written exam.
examples:
- ko: "**수행평가**를 제출해야 해요"
en: I have to submit my **performance assessment**
@@ -369,7 +373,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 가르치다
en: to teach
notes: |
<p>Basic verb meaning "to teach."</p>
Basic verb meaning "to teach."
examples:
- ko: 저는 영어를 **가르쳐요**
en: I **teach** English
@@ -381,7 +385,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 배우다
en: to learn
notes: |
<p>Basic verb meaning "to learn."</p>
Basic verb meaning "to learn."
examples:
- ko: 저는 한국어를 **배워요**
en: I **learn/am learning** Korean
@@ -393,7 +397,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 듣다
en: to hear (used when "taking" a class)
notes: |
<p>Literally means "to hear/listen," but is used idiomatically with 수업 to mean "to take a class." An irregular ㄷ verb.</p>
Literally means "to hear/listen," but is used idiomatically with 수업 to mean "to take a class." An irregular ㄷ verb.
examples:
- ko: 저는 이 수업을 **들어요**
en: I'm **taking** this class
@@ -405,7 +409,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 이해하다
en: understand
notes: |
<p>Basic verb meaning "to understand."</p>
Basic verb meaning "to understand."
examples:
- ko: 이제 **이해했어요**
en: Now I **understand**
@@ -417,7 +421,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 이해가 안 되다
en: to not understand
notes: |
<p>Literally "understanding doesn't happen/come." A common alternative to negating 이해하다 directly, often used to express confusion in the moment.</p>
Literally "understanding doesn't happen/come." A common alternative to negating 이해하다 directly, often used to express confusion in the moment.
examples:
- ko: 이 문제가 **이해가 안 돼요**
en: I **don't understand** this problem
@@ -427,7 +431,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 설명하다
en: to explain
notes: |
<p>Basic verb meaning "to explain."</p>
Basic verb meaning "to explain."
examples:
- ko: 다시 **설명해** 주세요
en: Please **explain** it again
@@ -439,7 +443,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 평가하다
en: to evaluate
notes: |
<p>Basic verb meaning "to evaluate" or "assess."</p>
Basic verb meaning "to evaluate" or "assess."
examples:
- ko: 선생님이 학생들을 **평가해요**
en: The teacher **evaluates** the students
@@ -449,7 +453,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 시험을 보다
en: to take an exam
notes: |
<p>Common collocation using 보다 ("to see/take") with 시험 ("exam") to mean "to take an exam."</p>
Common collocation using 보다 ("to see/take") with 시험 ("exam") to mean "to take an exam."
examples:
- ko: 내일 **시험을 봐요**
en: I'm **taking an exam** tomorrow
@@ -461,7 +465,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 채점하다
en: to mark or grade an exam
notes: |
<p>Verb used specifically for grading/marking exams or assignments.</p>
Verb used specifically for grading/marking exams or assignments.
examples:
- ko: 선생님이 시험지를 **채점하고** 있어요
en: The teacher is **grading** the exam papers
@@ -472,7 +476,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 방과 후 수업
en: after school class (also refers to a class during the vacation)
notes: |
<p>Refers to an after-school class, or can also refer to a special class held during school vacation.</p>
Refers to an after-school class, or can also refer to a special class held during school vacation.
examples:
- ko: "**방과 후 수업**에서 그림을 배워요"
en: I learn drawing in **after school class**
@@ -482,7 +486,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 학교 끝나고…
en: after school
notes: |
<p>Literally "after school ends…", a common way to say "after school" when talking about plans.</p>
Literally "after school ends…", a common way to say "after school" when talking about plans.
examples:
- ko: "**학교 끝나고** 뭐 할 거예요?"
en: What will you do **after school**?
@@ -492,7 +496,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 수업 전에
en: before class
notes: |
<p>Uses 전에 ("before") after 수업 ("class") to mean "before class."</p>
Uses 전에 ("before") after 수업 ("class") to mean "before class."
examples:
- ko: "**수업 전에** 숙제를 확인했어요"
en: I checked my homework **before class**
@@ -502,7 +506,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 수업 끝나고…
en: after class
notes: |
<p>Literally "after class ends…", parallel in structure to 학교 끝나고.</p>
Literally "after class ends…", parallel in structure to 학교 끝나고.
examples:
- ko: "**수업 끝나고** 뭐 할 거예요?"
en: What will you do **after class**?
@@ -513,7 +517,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 외국어
en: Foreign Languages
notes: |
<p>General term for "foreign language(s)," used to refer to the subject category rather than one specific language.</p>
General term for "foreign language(s)," used to refer to the subject category rather than one specific language.
examples:
- ko: 저는 **외국어**를 배우는 것을 좋아해요
en: I like learning **foreign languages**
@@ -523,7 +527,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 영어
en: English
notes: |
<p>Refers to the English language/subject.</p>
Refers to the English language/subject.
examples:
- ko: 저는 **영어** 선생님이에요
en: I am an **English** teacher
@@ -535,7 +539,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 영어회화
en: English Conversation
notes: |
<p>Refers to English conversation as a subject, as distinct from general English classes that may focus more on grammar or reading.</p>
Refers to English conversation as a subject, as distinct from general English classes that may focus more on grammar or reading.
examples:
- ko: 저는 **영어회화** 선생님이에요
en: I am an **English conversation** teacher
@@ -547,7 +551,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 중국어
en: Chinese
notes: |
<p>Refers to the Chinese language/subject.</p>
Refers to the Chinese language/subject.
examples:
- ko: 저는 **중국어**를 배우고 싶어요
en: I want to learn **Chinese**
@@ -557,7 +561,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 일본어
en: Japanese
notes: |
<p>Refers to the Japanese language/subject.</p>
Refers to the Japanese language/subject.
examples:
- ko: 저는 **일본어**를 조금 할 수 있어요
en: I can speak a little **Japanese**
@@ -567,7 +571,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 독일어
en: German
notes: |
<p>Refers to the German language/subject.</p>
Refers to the German language/subject.
examples:
- ko: "**독일어**는 문법이 복잡해요"
en: "**German** grammar is complicated"
@@ -575,7 +579,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 스페인어
en: Spanish
notes: |
<p>Refers to the Spanish language/subject.</p>
Refers to the Spanish language/subject.
examples:
- ko: "**스페인어**를 배우고 싶어요"
en: I want to learn **Spanish**
@@ -583,7 +587,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 프랑스어
en: French
notes: |
<p>Refers to the French language/subject.</p>
Refers to the French language/subject.
examples:
- ko: "**프랑스어** 발음이 예뻐요"
en: "**French** pronunciation is pretty"
@@ -591,7 +595,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 국어
en: Korean
notes: |
<p>Refers to the Korean language as a school subject (literally "national language"), used specifically to refer to a Korean school's own native language class, as opposed to 한국어 which refers to Korean in a general/foreign-language-learning sense.</p>
Refers to the Korean language as a school subject (literally "national language"), used specifically to refer to a Korean school's own native language class, as opposed to 한국어 which refers to Korean in a general/foreign-language-learning sense.
examples:
- ko: "**국어** 시험이 어려웠어요"
en: The **Korean** exam was difficult
@@ -601,7 +605,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 문학
en: Literature
notes: |
<p>Refers to literature as a subject.</p>
Refers to literature as a subject.
examples:
- ko: "**문학** 수업에서 시를 배웠어요"
en: We learned poems in **literature** class
@@ -609,7 +613,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 과학
en: Science
notes: |
<p>General term for "science" as a subject.</p>
General term for "science" as a subject.
examples:
- ko: 저는 **과학**동아리에 가입했어요
en: I entered the **science** club
@@ -621,7 +625,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 생물
en: Biology
notes: |
<p>Refers to biology as a subject.</p>
Refers to biology as a subject.
examples:
- ko: "**생물** 시험을 잘 봤어요"
en: I did well on the **biology** exam
@@ -629,7 +633,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 화학
en: Chemistry
notes: |
<p>Refers to chemistry as a subject.</p>
Refers to chemistry as a subject.
examples:
- ko: "**화학**은 너무 어려워요"
en: "**Chemistry** is too difficult"
@@ -637,7 +641,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 물리
en: Physics
notes: |
<p>Refers to physics as a subject.</p>
Refers to physics as a subject.
examples:
- ko: "**물리** 문제를 못 풀었어요"
en: I couldn't solve the **physics** problem
@@ -645,7 +649,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 지구과학
en: Earth Sciences
notes: |
<p>Refers to earth science as a subject.</p>
Refers to earth science as a subject.
examples:
- ko: "**지구과학**은 화산에 대해 배워요"
en: In **earth science**, we learn about volcanoes
@@ -653,7 +657,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 사회
en: Social Studies
notes: |
<p>Refers to social studies as a school subject.</p>
Refers to social studies as a school subject.
examples:
- ko: "**사회** 수업이 있어요"
en: I have **social studies** class
@@ -661,7 +665,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 지리
en: Geography
notes: |
<p>Refers to geography as a subject.</p>
Refers to geography as a subject.
examples:
- ko: "**지리** 시험에 지도가 나왔어요"
en: A map appeared on the **geography** exam
@@ -669,7 +673,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 역사
en: History
notes: |
<p>Refers to history as a subject.</p>
Refers to history as a subject.
examples:
- ko: "**역사** 수업은 재미있어요"
en: "**History** class is fun"
@@ -677,7 +681,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 윤리
en: Ethics
notes: |
<p>Refers to ethics as a school subject.</p>
Refers to ethics as a school subject.
examples:
- ko: "**윤리** 시간에 철학자에 대해 배웠어요"
en: In **ethics** class, we learned about philosophers
@@ -685,7 +689,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 정치
en: Politics
notes: |
<p>Refers to politics as a subject.</p>
Refers to politics as a subject.
examples:
- ko: "**정치** 수업에서 토론을 했어요"
en: We had a debate in **politics** class
@@ -693,7 +697,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 경제
en: Economics
notes: |
<p>Refers to economics as a subject.</p>
Refers to economics as a subject.
examples:
- ko: "**경제** 시험이 다음 주에 있어요"
en: There's an **economics** exam next week
@@ -701,7 +705,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 예체능
en: Arts and Physical Education
notes: |
<p>Umbrella term combining "arts" (예) and "physical education" (체능), used to refer to that category of subjects together.</p>
Umbrella term combining "arts" (예) and "physical education" (체능), used to refer to that category of subjects together.
examples:
- ko: "**예체능** 수업은 오후에 있어요"
en: "**Arts and PE** classes are in the afternoon"
@@ -709,7 +713,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 미술
en: Art
notes: |
<p>Refers to art as a subject.</p>
Refers to art as a subject.
examples:
- ko: "**미술** 시간에 그림을 그렸어요"
en: We drew pictures in **art** class
@@ -717,7 +721,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 체육
en: Physical Education
notes: |
<p>Refers to physical education (PE) as a subject.</p>
Refers to physical education (PE) as a subject.
examples:
- ko: 저는 처음에 **체육** 수업을 싫어했어요
en: At first I didn't like **PE** class
@@ -725,7 +729,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 수학
en: Mathematics
notes: |
<p>Refers to mathematics as a subject.</p>
Refers to mathematics as a subject.
examples:
- ko: 제가 제일 좋아하는 과목은 **수학**이에요
en: My favorite subject is **math**
@@ -735,7 +739,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 미적분
en: Calculus
notes: |
<p>Refers to calculus as a subject, more advanced/specific than 수학 (math) generally.</p>
Refers to calculus as a subject, more advanced/specific than 수학 (math) generally.
examples:
- ko: "**미적분**은 정말 어려워요"
en: "**Calculus** is really difficult"
docs/howtostudykorean/theme/02-transportation.md
+52 -38
View File
@@ -36,8 +36,9 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 버스 기사
en: bus driver
notes: |
<p>The more formal/neutral term for "bus driver."</p>
<p>Compare with 버스 아저씨, which is less formal but far more commonly used in casual, everyday speech.</p>
The more formal/neutral term for "bus driver."
Compare with 버스 아저씨, which is less formal but far more commonly used in casual, everyday speech.
examples:
- ko: "**버스 기사**님이 친절하셨어요"
en: The **bus driver** was kind
@@ -49,9 +50,11 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 버스 아저씨
en: bus driver
notes: |
<p>[In theory this is a little bit impolite, but it is definitely more common, especially when not talking directly to the driver himself.]</p>
<p>It could in theory be "버스 아주머니," but the overwhelming majority of bus drivers (at least in Seoul) are male.</p>
<p>Compare with the more formal/neutral 버스 기사.</p>
[In theory this is a little bit impolite, but it is definitely more common, especially when not talking directly to the driver himself.]
It could in theory be "버스 아주머니," but the overwhelming majority of bus drivers (at least in Seoul) are male.
Compare with the more formal/neutral 버스 기사.
examples:
- ko: "**버스 아저씨**가 문을 열어 줬어요"
en: The **bus driver** opened the door
@@ -63,8 +66,9 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 전철
en: subway
notes: |
<p>[Literally translates to "electric train."]</p>
<p>Largely interchangeable with 지하철. 지하철 (literally "underground train") is generally the more common everyday word, while 전철 is often seen/heard in more official contexts like station announcements.</p>
[Literally translates to "electric train."]
Largely interchangeable with 지하철. 지하철 (literally "underground train") is generally the more common everyday word, while 전철 is often seen/heard in more official contexts like station announcements.
examples:
- ko: 거기에 가려면 **전철**을 타야 돼요
en: In order to get there, you must take the **subway**
@@ -74,8 +78,9 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 지하철
en: subway
notes: |
<p>[Literally translates to "underground train."]</p>
<p>Compare with 전철 ("electric train"), which is largely interchangeable but slightly more common in formal/announcement contexts.</p>
[Literally translates to "underground train."]
Compare with 전철 ("electric train"), which is largely interchangeable but slightly more common in formal/announcement contexts.
examples:
- ko: 버스로 가면 **지하철**보다 더 빨라요
en: If you go by bus, it is faster than the **subway**
@@ -85,7 +90,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 역
en: station
notes: |
<p>Often attached directly to a place name, e.g. 서울역 = "Seoul station."</p>
Often attached directly to a place name, e.g. 서울역 = "Seoul station."
examples:
- ko: 사당**역** 4번 출구에서 만나자
en: Let's meet at exit four of Sadang **station**
@@ -107,8 +112,9 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 길
en: street/road
notes: |
<p>Largely interchangeable with 거리.</p>
<p>[길 tends to emphasize the route/path itself — a road to walk or drive on — while 거리 tends to emphasize the street as a place/area.]</p>
Largely interchangeable with 거리.
[길 tends to emphasize the route/path itself — a road to walk or drive on — while 거리 tends to emphasize the street as a place/area.]
examples:
- ko: 저는 **길**을 잃었어요
en: I'm lost
@@ -120,8 +126,9 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 거리
en: street/road
notes: |
<p>Largely interchangeable with 길.</p>
<p>[거리 tends to emphasize the street as a place/area, while 길 tends to emphasize the route/path itself.]</p>
Largely interchangeable with 길.
[거리 tends to emphasize the street as a place/area, while 길 tends to emphasize the route/path itself.]
examples:
- ko: 저는 **거리**를 안전하게 건넜어요
en: I crossed the **street** safely
@@ -169,7 +176,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 호선
en: line in a subway
notes: |
<p>Attached to a number, e.g. 4호선 = "Line 4."</p>
Attached to a number, e.g. 4호선 = "Line 4."
examples:
- ko: 4**호선**으로 갈아타야 돼요
en: You have to transfer to **line** 4
@@ -183,7 +190,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 출구
en: exit of a subway station
notes: |
<p>Attached to a number, e.g. 4번출구 = "exit 4."</p>
Attached to a number, e.g. 4번출구 = "exit 4."
examples:
- ko: 사당역 4번 **출구**에서 만나자
en: Let's meet at **exit** four of Sadang station
@@ -221,11 +228,11 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 오른 쪽으로 **가면** 돼요
en: "**Go** right"
notes: |
<p>[The full nuance is closer to "you should/need to go right."]</p>
[The full nuance is closer to "you should/need to go right."]
- ko: 왼 쪽으로 **가면** 돼요
en: "**Go** left"
notes: |
<p>[The full nuance is closer to "you should/need to go left."]</p>
[The full nuance is closer to "you should/need to go left."]
- ko: 거기에 **가려면** 어느 쪽으로 가야 돼요?
en: In order to **get** there, which way should I/one go?
- ko: 서울역에 **가려면** 어느 쪽으로 가야 돼요?
@@ -296,8 +303,9 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 갈아타다
en: to transfer
notes: |
<p>Largely interchangeable with 환승하다.</p>
<p>[갈아타다 is more colloquial/spoken, while 환승하다 is more commonly heard in official/formal contexts, such as station announcements.]</p>
Largely interchangeable with 환승하다.
[갈아타다 is more colloquial/spoken, while 환승하다 is more commonly heard in official/formal contexts, such as station announcements.]
examples:
- ko: 4호선으로 **갈아타야** 돼요
en: You have to **transfer** to line 4
@@ -309,8 +317,9 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 환승하다
en: to transfer
notes: |
<p>Largely interchangeable with 갈아타다.</p>
<p>[환승하다 is more commonly heard in official/formal contexts, such as station announcements, while 갈아타다 is more colloquial.]</p>
Largely interchangeable with 갈아타다.
[환승하다 is more commonly heard in official/formal contexts, such as station announcements, while 갈아타다 is more colloquial.]
examples:
- ko: 어디서 **환승해야** 돼요?
en: Where do I need to **transfer**?
@@ -323,7 +332,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 거기까지 **데려다 줄까요**?
en: Shall I **take you** there?
notes: |
<p>[More literally, "Let me take you there."]</p>
[More literally, "Let me take you there."]
- ko: 집까지 **데려다 줄게요**
en: I'll **take you** home
@@ -339,7 +348,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: "**앉으세요**"
en: "Please, **sit** down"
notes: |
<p>[Often said to an older person when giving up your seat.]</p>
[Often said to an older person when giving up your seat.]
- ko: 충전하다
en: to recharge
@@ -354,7 +363,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 멈추다
en: to stop
notes: |
<p>[Used for a vehicle, like a bus or subway, coming to a stop — not for a person stopping an action.]</p>
[Used for a vehicle, like a bus or subway, coming to a stop — not for a person stopping an action.]
examples:
- ko: 버스가 **멈추지** 않았어요
en: The bus didn't **stop**
@@ -434,8 +443,9 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 거기
en: there
notes: |
<p>Compare with 저기.</p>
<p>[거기 refers to a place near the listener or already mentioned in conversation, while 저기 refers to a place far from both speaker and listener.]</p>
Compare with 저기.
[거기 refers to a place near the listener or already mentioned in conversation, while 저기 refers to a place far from both speaker and listener.]
examples:
- ko: "**거기**에 가려면 어느 쪽으로 가야 돼요?"
en: In order to get **there**, which way should I/one go?
@@ -451,8 +461,9 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 저기
en: there
notes: |
<p>Compare with 거기.</p>
<p>[저기 refers to a place far from both speaker and listener, often visible in the distance, while 거기 refers to a place near the listener.]</p>
Compare with 거기.
[저기 refers to a place far from both speaker and listener, often visible in the distance, while 거기 refers to a place near the listener.]
examples:
- ko: "**저기**에 버스 정류장이 있어요"
en: There's a bus stop **over there**
@@ -475,8 +486,9 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 좌석버스
en: express city bus
notes: |
<p>[This literally translates to "seat-bus," as it typically has more seats — two on each side — than other city buses.]</p>
<p>This type of bus goes longer distances, usually connecting Seoul with one of its suburbs.</p>
[This literally translates to "seat-bus," as it typically has more seats — two on each side — than other city buses.]
This type of bus goes longer distances, usually connecting Seoul with one of its suburbs.
examples:
- ko: "**좌석버스**를 타면 더 편하게 갈 수 있어요"
en: If you take the **express city bus**, you can go more comfortably
@@ -488,7 +500,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 마을 버스
en: '"village" bus'
notes: |
<p>[This bus is usually smaller and cheaper to ride than other buses. It usually goes shorter distances, and the stops on the road are often ambiguous — you really need to know the area and the bus route if you want to take this type of bus.]</p>
[This bus is usually smaller and cheaper to ride than other buses. It usually goes shorter distances, and the stops on the road are often ambiguous — you really need to know the area and the bus route if you want to take this type of bus.]
examples:
- ko: "**마을 버스**를 타고 집에 가요"
en: I take the **village bus** home
@@ -510,7 +522,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 우등버스
en: first class bus
notes: |
<p>[This type of bus also usually runs an inter-city route, but the seats are more comfortable.]</p>
[This type of bus also usually runs an inter-city route, but the seats are more comfortable.]
examples:
- ko: "**우등버스**는 좌석이 더 편해요"
en: The **first class bus** has more comfortable seats
@@ -522,8 +534,9 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 리무진
en: airport bus
notes: |
<p>[A "limousine" in Korea refers to a comfortable bus that shuttles people from one place to another. You will commonly see this type of bus taking people from the airport to some pre-designated place in Seoul.]</p>
<p>As soon as you walk out of the airport in Incheon, you will see dozens of these buses — all going to a destination with maybe a few stops along the way.</p>
[A "limousine" in Korea refers to a comfortable bus that shuttles people from one place to another. You will commonly see this type of bus taking people from the airport to some pre-designated place in Seoul.]
As soon as you walk out of the airport in Incheon, you will see dozens of these buses — all going to a destination with maybe a few stops along the way.
examples:
- ko: "**리무진**은 좌석이 편하고 짐 놓을 공간도 많아요"
en: The **airport bus (limousine)** has comfortable seats and lots of space for luggage
@@ -535,8 +548,9 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 공항 버스
en: airport bus
notes: |
<p>[A "limousine" (리무진) in Korea refers to a comfortable bus that shuttles people from one place to another. 공항 버스 refers to this same kind of bus, specifically the ones running to/from the airport.]</p>
<p>As soon as you walk out of the airport in Incheon, you will see dozens of these buses — all going to a destination with maybe a few stops along the way.</p>
[A "limousine" (리무진) in Korea refers to a comfortable bus that shuttles people from one place to another. 공항 버스 refers to this same kind of bus, specifically the ones running to/from the airport.]
As soon as you walk out of the airport in Incheon, you will see dozens of these buses — all going to a destination with maybe a few stops along the way.
examples:
- ko: "**공항 버스**를 타고 인천공항에서 서울로 왔어요"
en: I came to Seoul from Incheon airport on the **airport bus**
@@ -548,7 +562,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 급행열차
en: express train
notes: |
<p>[This is a regular subway train, but it skips stations along the way. It usually runs during peak times during rush hour.]</p>
[This is a regular subway train, but it skips stations along the way. It usually runs during peak times during rush hour.]
examples:
- ko: "**급행열차**를 타면 더 빨리 도착해요"
en: If you take the **express train**, you arrive faster
docs/howtostudykorean/theme/03-eating.md
+61 -53
View File
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 밥
en: rice (or a "meal" or "food")
notes: |
<p>밥 literally means "cooked rice," but Korean people commonly use it to mean "a meal" in general, regardless of whether the meal actually contains rice.</p>
밥 literally means "cooked rice," but Korean people commonly use it to mean "a meal" in general, regardless of whether the meal actually contains rice.
examples:
- ko: "**밥** 먹자!"
en: Let's **eat**!
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 식사
en: meal
notes: |
<p>식사 is also used when people order some sort of soup/stew at a restaurant. For example, at a Korean BBQ restaurant you might say "식사만 할 거예요," meaning "I'm just going to have [this type of] meal."</p>
식사 is also used when people order some sort of soup/stew at a restaurant. For example, at a Korean BBQ restaurant you might say "식사만 할 거예요," meaning "I'm just going to have [this type of] meal."
examples:
- ko: "**식사** 할 거에요?"
en: Will you **eat**?
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 소주
en: a type of Korean traditional alcohol (strong, clear distilled liquor)
notes: |
<p>[A strong, clear distilled liquor, similar in strength to vodka; probably the most commonly consumed alcoholic drink in Korea]</p>
[A strong, clear distilled liquor, similar in strength to vodka; probably the most commonly consumed alcoholic drink in Korea]
examples:
- ko: "**소주**를 좀 더 따라 줄까요?"
en: Shall I pour you a bit more **soju**?
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 막걸리
en: a type of Korean traditional alcohol (milky, lightly sparkling rice wine)
notes: |
<p>[A milky, lightly sparkling rice wine, lower in alcohol content than 소주]</p>
[A milky, lightly sparkling rice wine, lower in alcohol content than 소주]
examples:
- ko: "**막걸리**를 좋아해요?"
en: Do you like **makgeolli**?
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 사이다
en: '"cider" (this tastes similar to Sprite/7-Up)'
notes: |
<p>[Not alcoholic cider — 사이다 is a clear, carbonated soft drink similar to Sprite/7-Up]</p>
[Not alcoholic cider — 사이다 is a clear, carbonated soft drink similar to Sprite/7-Up]
examples:
- ko: "**사이다** 있어요?"
en: Do you have **cider (Sprite-like soda)**?
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 국내산
en: some product/food from Korea
notes: |
<p>~산 is attached after a country name to indicate the origin of a food product (e.g. "호주산" = "from Australia"). If the product is from Korea, "국내산" (domestic) is used instead of "한국산."</p>
~산 is attached after a country name to indicate the origin of a food product (e.g. "호주산" = "from Australia"). If the product is from Korea, "국내산" (domestic) is used instead of "한국산."
examples:
- ko: 김치 – **국내산**
en: Kimchi – **Korea (domestic)**
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 상
en: small traditional Korean table that folds out
notes: |
<p>[A low, often foldable table used when sitting on the floor to eat, as opposed to 탁자, which refers to a more general/modern table]</p>
[A low, often foldable table used when sitting on the floor to eat, as opposed to 탁자, which refers to a more general/modern table]
examples:
- ko: "**상**을 펴 주세요"
en: Please fold out the **table**
@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 김치냉장고
en: kimchi refrigerator
notes: |
<p>Many Korean households have a separate refrigerator dedicated just to kimchi, called 김치냉장고, kept at a different temperature/humidity ideal for storing and fermenting kimchi.</p>
Many Korean households have a separate refrigerator dedicated just to kimchi, called 김치냉장고, kept at a different temperature/humidity ideal for storing and fermenting kimchi.
examples:
- ko: "**김치냉장고**에 김치가 많아요"
en: There is a lot of kimchi in the **kimchi fridge**
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 메뉴
en: menu
notes: |
<p>Korean people use 메뉴 to refer to the food that can be served at a restaurant/other place, not to the physical booklet listing the food. In English, "menu" usually refers to the physical booklet, which in Korean is called "메뉴판."</p>
Korean people use 메뉴 to refer to the food that can be served at a restaurant/other place, not to the physical booklet listing the food. In English, "menu" usually refers to the physical booklet, which in Korean is called "메뉴판."
examples:
- ko: 오늘 점심 **메뉴**가 뭐야?
en: What is today's lunch **menu**?
@@ -331,7 +331,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 주다
en: to give
notes: |
<p>~아/어 주세요 ("please give [me the favor of]...") is extremely common when politely requesting something, so many example sentences with 주다 look like requests rather than the literal verb "to give."</p>
~아/어 주세요 ("please give [me the favor of]...") is extremely common when politely requesting something, so many example sentences with 주다 look like requests rather than the literal verb "to give."
examples:
- ko: 물 **주세요**
en: Water, please
@@ -347,7 +347,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 주문하다
en: to order (place an order, e.g. at a counter/register)
notes: |
<p>[More formal/neutral sounding than 시키다; commonly used when speaking about the act of ordering itself, e.g. at a counter]</p>
[More formal/neutral sounding than 시키다; commonly used when speaking about the act of ordering itself, e.g. at a counter]
examples:
- ko: "**주문할게요**"
en: I'm going to **order** now
@@ -357,7 +357,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 시키다
en: to order (request food/drinks be brought to you)
notes: |
<p>[Often used interchangeably with 주문하다 when ordering food, but 시키다 can also mean "to make someone do something"]</p>
[Often used interchangeably with 주문하다 when ordering food, but 시키다 can also mean "to make someone do something"]
examples:
- ko: 뭐 **시켰어요**?
en: What did you **order**?
@@ -367,7 +367,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 계산하다
en: to settle the bill
notes: |
<p>[Literally "to calculate"; used specifically for paying a bill, e.g. at a restaurant or store]</p>
[Literally "to calculate"; used specifically for paying a bill, e.g. at a restaurant or store]
examples:
- ko: "**계산이요**"
en: Said when you want to pay for your meal at a restaurant
@@ -375,7 +375,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 내다
en: to pay (talking about who pays/covers the cost)
notes: |
<p>[Used when talking about who pays/covers the cost, as opposed to 계산하다, which is used for the act of settling the bill]</p>
[Used when talking about who pays/covers the cost, as opposed to 계산하다, which is used for the act of settling the bill]
examples:
- ko: 제가 **낼게요**
en: I'll **pay**
@@ -424,7 +424,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 맛있다
en: delicious
notes: |
<p>The word "맛" means "taste." So 맛있다 (or 맛이 있다) literally means "to have taste," and 맛없다 (or 맛이 없다) literally means "to not have taste."</p>
The word "맛" means "taste." So 맛있다 (or 맛이 있다) literally means "to have taste," and 맛없다 (or 맛이 없다) literally means "to not have taste."
examples:
- ko: 이 게 **맛있어요**
en: This is **delicious**
@@ -436,7 +436,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 맛없다
en: not delicious
notes: |
<p>Literally "to not have taste" (맛이 없다). See notes on 맛있다.</p>
Literally "to not have taste" (맛이 없다). See notes on 맛있다.
examples:
- ko: 이 음식은 좀 **맛없어요**
en: This food is a bit **not delicious**
@@ -448,7 +448,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 짜다
en: salty
notes: |
<p>[In English, "salty" is usually only used when something literally has too much salt. In Korean, 짜다 is used much more broadly to describe anything over-seasoned, so it's heard far more often than its English counterpart.]</p>
[In English, "salty" is usually only used when something literally has too much salt. In Korean, 짜다 is used much more broadly to describe anything over-seasoned, so it's heard far more often than its English counterpart.]
examples:
- ko: 이 국은 너무 **짜요**
en: This soup is too **salty**
@@ -460,7 +460,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 느끼하다
en: greasy
notes: |
<p>[Describes food, or the feeling after eating food, that is heavy/doughy/oily — commonly spaghetti, pizza, bread, or anything with a lot of cheese/wheat. Eating something pickled is a common way to counteract this feeling, which is why pickles are often served with pizza or pasta in Korea.]</p>
[Describes food, or the feeling after eating food, that is heavy/doughy/oily — commonly spaghetti, pizza, bread, or anything with a lot of cheese/wheat. Eating something pickled is a common way to counteract this feeling, which is why pickles are often served with pizza or pasta in Korea.]
examples:
- ko: 이 피자는 너무 **느끼해요**
en: This pizza is too **greasy**
@@ -472,7 +472,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 고소하다
en: nutty
notes: |
<p>[Describes a nutty taste/aroma, most commonly associated with sesame oil (참기름); hard to translate perfectly into English]</p>
[Describes a nutty taste/aroma, most commonly associated with sesame oil (참기름); hard to translate perfectly into English]
examples:
- ko: 참기름 냄새가 **고소해요**
en: The sesame oil smells **nutty**
@@ -486,10 +486,13 @@ vocabulary:
ko_text: 아침
en: breakfast
notes: |
<p>아침 also means "morning" (hence 아침식사 literally means "morning meal"), but context always makes clear whether the speaker means "morning" or "breakfast." For example:</p>
<p>저는 아침에 일찍 일어났어요 = I woke up early in the morning</p>
<p>저는 아침을 먹었어요 = I ate breakfast</p>
<p>The same applies to 점심 and 저녁.</p>
아침 also means "morning" (hence 아침식사 literally means "morning meal"), but context always makes clear whether the speaker means "morning" or "breakfast." For example:
저는 아침에 일찍 일어났어요 = I woke up early in the morning
저는 아침을 먹었어요 = I ate breakfast
The same applies to 점심 and 저녁.
examples:
- ko: 저는 **아침식사**로 밥을 먹었어요
en: I ate rice for **breakfast**
@@ -502,7 +505,7 @@ vocabulary:
ko_text: 점심
en: lunch
notes: |
<p>Like 아침, 점심 can stand alone (without 식사 attached) to mean "lunch," and context makes it clear whether "lunch" is meant. Unlike 아침, 점심 does not separately mean "midday" the way 아침 means "morning" — in everyday use, 점심 simply refers to the meal.</p>
Like 아침, 점심 can stand alone (without 식사 attached) to mean "lunch," and context makes it clear whether "lunch" is meant. Unlike 아침, 점심 does not separately mean "midday" the way 아침 means "morning" — in everyday use, 점심 simply refers to the meal.
examples:
- ko: "**점심**으로 뭐 먹고 싶어요?"
en: What do you want to eat for **lunch**?
@@ -519,9 +522,11 @@ vocabulary:
ko_text: 저녁
en: dinner
notes: |
<p>Like 아침, 저녁 can be used alone (without 식사 attached) to mean "dinner." 저녁 also means "evening," and just as with 아침, context makes it clear whether the speaker means "evening" or "dinner." For example:</p>
<p>저는 저녁에 운동해요 = I exercise in the evening</p>
<p>저는 저녁을 먹었어요 = I ate dinner</p>
Like 아침, 저녁 can be used alone (without 식사 attached) to mean "dinner." 저녁 also means "evening," and just as with 아침, context makes it clear whether the speaker means "evening" or "dinner." For example:
저는 저녁에 운동해요 = I exercise in the evening
저는 저녁을 먹었어요 = I ate dinner
examples:
- ko: "**저녁**으로 뭐 먹을래요?"
en: What shall we eat for **dinner**?
@@ -534,8 +539,9 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: (배추)김치
en: (cabbage) kimchi
notes: |
<p><img src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/banchan3.jpg"></p>
<p>There are many types of kimchi, but when Korean people just say "김치" without specifying, they usually mean the kimchi made from Korean cabbage (배추). The full name "배추김치" is rarely necessary — "김치" alone is understood to mean this type.</p>
![](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/banchan3.jpg)
There are many types of kimchi, but when Korean people just say "김치" without specifying, they usually mean the kimchi made from Korean cabbage (배추). The full name "배추김치" is rarely necessary — "김치" alone is understood to mean this type.
examples:
- ko: "**김치**에 재료가 많이 들어가요"
en: There are a lot of ingredients in **kimchi**
@@ -559,7 +565,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 깍두기
en: diced radish kimchi
notes: |
<p>[Made from radish cut into small cubes; one of the most common banchan alongside 배추김치]</p>
[Made from radish cut into small cubes; one of the most common banchan alongside 배추김치]
examples:
- ko: "**깍두기**도 좀 주세요"
en: Please also give me some **diced radish kimchi**
@@ -571,8 +577,9 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 무생채
en: sliced radish kimchi
notes: |
<p><img src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/banchan4.jpg"></p>
<p>[Made from thinly sliced radish that is seasoned but not fermented, unlike most other kimchi; has a fresher, more salad-like texture]</p>
![](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/banchan4.jpg)
[Made from thinly sliced radish that is seasoned but not fermented, unlike most other kimchi; has a fresher, more salad-like texture]
examples:
- ko: "**무생채**는 안 매워요"
en: "**Sliced radish kimchi** is not spicy"
@@ -584,7 +591,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 오이김치
en: cucumber kimchi
notes: |
<p>[Made from cucumber, usually stuffed with a spicy radish/chive filling; lighter and more refreshing than cabbage kimchi]</p>
[Made from cucumber, usually stuffed with a spicy radish/chive filling; lighter and more refreshing than cabbage kimchi]
examples:
- ko: 여름에는 **오이김치**를 자주 먹어요
en: I often eat **cucumber kimchi** in the summer
@@ -596,7 +603,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 총각김치
en: radish kimchi
notes: |
<p>[Made with whole small "chonggak" radishes, often including the green tops, usually left whole or cut in half. Compare with 열무김치, which uses young summer radish, and 깍두기, which uses diced radish.]</p>
[Made with whole small "chonggak" radishes, often including the green tops, usually left whole or cut in half. Compare with 열무김치, which uses young summer radish, and 깍두기, which uses diced radish.]
examples:
- ko: "**총각김치**는 무가 통째로 들어가요"
en: "**Chonggak kimchi** has the whole radish in it"
@@ -608,7 +615,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 열무김치
en: radish kimchi
notes: |
<p>[Made with young summer radish (열무), which has soft leaves and thin roots. Often eaten with cold noodles (열무국수) in summer. Compare with 총각김치, which uses a different, more mature radish.]</p>
[Made with young summer radish (열무), which has soft leaves and thin roots. Often eaten with cold noodles (열무국수) in summer. Compare with 총각김치, which uses a different, more mature radish.]
examples:
- ko: "**열무김치**는 여름에 인기가 많아요"
en: "**Yeolmu kimchi** is very popular in summer"
@@ -620,7 +627,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 나물
en: seasoned herbs/vegetables
notes: |
<p>[A general term for banchan made from herbs or vegetables that are blanched/cooked and then seasoned, typically with sesame oil, garlic, and salt. 콩나물 무침 is one specific example of 나물.]</p>
[A general term for banchan made from herbs or vegetables that are blanched/cooked and then seasoned, typically with sesame oil, garlic, and salt. 콩나물 무침 is one specific example of 나물.]
examples:
- ko: 저는 **나물**을 좋아해요
en: I like **seasoned vegetables**
@@ -632,7 +639,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 콩나물 무침
en: seasoned beansprout
notes: |
<p>[A specific type of 나물 made from soybean sprouts (콩나물), seasoned typically with sesame oil, garlic, and salt]</p>
[A specific type of 나물 made from soybean sprouts (콩나물), seasoned typically with sesame oil, garlic, and salt]
examples:
- ko: "**콩나물 무침**을 만들어 줄게요"
en: I'll make you some **seasoned beansprouts**
@@ -645,7 +652,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 국
en: soup (with one main ingredient and a lot of water)
notes: |
<p>[More of a soup with one main ingredient and a lot of water, compared to 찌개 and 탕]</p>
[More of a soup with one main ingredient and a lot of water, compared to 찌개 and 탕]
examples:
- ko: "**미역국**을 먹었어요"
en: I ate seaweed **soup**
@@ -654,7 +661,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 찌개
en: stew (less water, lots of things boiled together)
notes: |
<p>[More of a stew with less water than 국, and lots of ingredients boiled together]</p>
[More of a stew with less water than 국, and lots of ingredients boiled together]
examples:
- ko: "**김치찌개**를 시켰어요"
en: I ordered kimchi **stew**
@@ -663,7 +670,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 탕
en: '"tang" (watery, but boiled for a long time with a lot of stuff in it)'
notes: |
<p>[Watery like 국, but boiled for a long time and containing a lot of ingredients, often meat/bones]</p>
[Watery like 국, but boiled for a long time and containing a lot of ingredients, often meat/bones]
examples:
- ko: "**삼계탕**을 여름에 먹어요"
en: I eat **samgyetang** (chicken ginseng **soup**) in the summer
@@ -692,7 +699,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 삼계탕
en: chicken soup with ginseng
notes: |
<p>[Often eaten in the summer, believed to help restore energy during hot weather]</p>
[Often eaten in the summer, believed to help restore energy during hot weather]
examples:
- ko: 더운 날에는 **삼계탕**을 먹어요
en: We eat **samgyetang** on hot days
@@ -704,7 +711,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 닭볶음탕
en: stir fried chicken pot
notes: |
<p><img src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/dalkbokkeumtang.jpg"></p>
![](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/dalkbokkeumtang.jpg)
examples:
- ko: "**닭볶음탕**은 좀 매워요"
en: "**Dakbokkeumtang** is a bit spicy"
@@ -746,8 +753,9 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 감자탕
en: pork vertebrae stew
notes: |
<p><img src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/kamjatang.jpg"></p>
<p>감자 also means "potato" in Korean, so many foreigners (and even some younger Korean people) incorrectly assume that 감자탕 should contain potatoes. You'll often see potatoes in 감자탕, but this is reportedly a modern phenomenon caused by people ordering 감자탕 and arguing that there should be potatoes in their "potato stew."</p>
![](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/kamjatang.jpg)
감자 also means "potato" in Korean, so many foreigners (and even some younger Korean people) incorrectly assume that 감자탕 should contain potatoes. You'll often see potatoes in 감자탕, but this is reportedly a modern phenomenon caused by people ordering 감자탕 and arguing that there should be potatoes in their "potato stew."
examples:
- ko: "**감자탕**에는 감자가 없을 수도 있어요"
en: "**Gamjatang** might not have any potatoes in it"
@@ -759,7 +767,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 부대찌개
en: Army soup
notes: |
<p>During the Korean war, the US military used to give extra food to Korean people on the street. This usually consisted of things like hot-dogs and other similar items, so Korean people at the time took all the ingredients and made a stew out of it.</p>
During the Korean war, the US military used to give extra food to Korean people on the street. This usually consisted of things like hot-dogs and other similar items, so Korean people at the time took all the ingredients and made a stew out of it.
examples:
- ko: "**부대찌개**에는 소시지랑 햄이 들어가요"
en: "**Budae-jjigae** has sausage and ham in it"
@@ -772,7 +780,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 삼겹살
en: pork belly (similar to bacon, but thicker)
notes: |
<p><img src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/samgyupsal.jpg"></p>
![](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/samgyupsal.jpg)
examples:
- ko: "**삼겹살** 2개랑 밥 2공기 주세요"
en: Two orders of **Samgyupsal**, and two orders of rice, please
@@ -780,7 +788,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 오겹살
en: pork belly (but there are five layers of fat instead of three)
notes: |
<p>[Compare with 삼겹살, which has three layers of fat/meat; 오겹살 has five layers, making it slightly fattier]</p>
[Compare with 삼겹살, which has three layers of fat/meat; 오겹살 has five layers, making it slightly fattier]
examples:
- ko: "**오겹살**은 삼겹살보다 더 기름져요"
en: "**Ogyeopsal** is fattier than samgyeopsal"
@@ -812,7 +820,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: LA 갈비
en: short ribs
notes: |
<p>[Cut across the bone so several small round bones appear in each strip, unlike traditional 갈비 which is cut along the bone; named after Los Angeles, where this cut became popular]</p>
[Cut across the bone so several small round bones appear in each strip, unlike traditional 갈비 which is cut along the bone; named after Los Angeles, where this cut became popular]
examples:
- ko: "**LA 갈비**는 뼈가 여러 개 보여요"
en: "**LA galbi** has several bones visible in it"
@@ -824,7 +832,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 닭갈비
en: stir-fried chicken
notes: |
<p>[Despite containing "갈비" (ribs) in the name, 닭갈비 doesn't contain ribs at all — it's stir-fried marinated chicken, usually with vegetables and rice cakes]</p>
[Despite containing "갈비" (ribs) in the name, 닭갈비 doesn't contain ribs at all — it's stir-fried marinated chicken, usually with vegetables and rice cakes]
examples:
- ko: "**닭갈비**는 맵고 맛있어요"
en: "**Dakgalbi** is spicy and delicious"
@@ -836,7 +844,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 불고기
en: meat marinated in sweet soy sauce
notes: |
<p><img src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/bulgogi2.jpg"></p>
![](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/bulgogi2.jpg)
examples:
- ko: "**불고기**는 좀 달아요"
en: "**Bulgogi** is a bit sweet"
@@ -866,7 +874,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 떡
en: Rice cakes
notes: |
<p>Rice cakes (떡) are soft and doughy, and are not the same as the dry, crunchy rice cakes that are common in the West.</p>
Rice cakes (떡) are soft and doughy, and are not the same as the dry, crunchy rice cakes that are common in the West.
examples:
- ko: "**떡**은 쫄깃쫄깃해요"
en: "**Rice cakes** are chewy"
@@ -878,7 +886,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 떡볶이
en: Spicy rice cakes
notes: |
<p><img src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/ddokbokki.jpg"></p>
![](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/ddokbokki.jpg)
examples:
- ko: "**떡볶이**가 너무 매워요"
en: "**Tteokbokki** is too spicy"
@@ -890,7 +898,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 비빔밥
en: Mixed rice with vegetables
notes: |
<p><img src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/bibimbap.jpg"></p>
![](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/bibimbap.jpg)
examples:
- ko: "**비빔밥**을 잘 비벼야 돼요"
en: You have to mix the **bibimbap** well
docs/howtostudykorean/theme/04-shopping.md
+30 -30
View File
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: "가게"
en: "store (general term)"
notes: |
<p>General, all-purpose word for "store" or "shop." Compare with the more specific terms below: 시장 (market), 백화점 (department store), 슈퍼 (supermarket), 편의점 (convenience store), and 서점 (bookstore) are all technically types of 가게, but Koreans usually use the specific word rather than 가게 when the type of store is known.</p>
General, all-purpose word for "store" or "shop." Compare with the more specific terms below: 시장 (market), 백화점 (department store), 슈퍼 (supermarket), 편의점 (convenience store), and 서점 (bookstore) are all technically types of 가게, but Koreans usually use the specific word rather than 가게 when the type of store is known.
examples:
- ko: "이 **가게**는 몇 시에 열어요?"
en: "What time does this **store** open?"
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: "시장"
en: "market"
notes: |
<p>An open-air or general market, as opposed to a single store. See 전통시장 below for the "traditional market" variant.</p>
An open-air or general market, as opposed to a single store. See 전통시장 below for the "traditional market" variant.
examples:
- ko: "이 **시장**에 사람이 너무 많아요"
en: "There are so many people at the **market**"
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: "전통시장"
en: "traditional market"
notes: |
<p>전통 (traditional) + 시장 (market). Refers to old-style, often outdoor Korean markets, as opposed to a modern supermarket or department store.</p>
전통 (traditional) + 시장 (market). Refers to old-style, often outdoor Korean markets, as opposed to a modern supermarket or department store.
examples:
- ko: "**전통시장**이 어디에 있는 지 알아요?"
en: "Do you know where the **traditional market** is?"
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: "슈퍼"
en: "supermarket"
notes: |
<p>Shortened form of 슈퍼마켓 (supermarket), used the same way in everyday speech.</p>
Shortened form of 슈퍼마켓 (supermarket), used the same way in everyday speech.
examples:
- ko: "저는 **슈퍼**에 갔다 왔어요"
en: "I went to the **supermarket** (and came back here)"
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: "돈"
en: "money"
notes: |
<p>General word for money. Compare with 현금 below, which specifically means "cash" (as opposed to card/electronic payment).</p>
General word for money. Compare with 현금 below, which specifically means "cash" (as opposed to card/electronic payment).
examples:
- ko: "**돈**이 부족해요"
en: "I don't have enough **money**"
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: "현금"
en: "cash"
notes: |
<p>Specifically "cash," used to contrast with paying by card (신용 카드/체크 카드).</p>
Specifically "cash," used to contrast with paying by card (신용 카드/체크 카드).
examples:
- ko: "**현금**으로 계산해도 돼요?"
en: "Can I pay in **cash**?"
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: "신용 카드"
en: "credit card"
notes: |
<p>Often written/spoken without the space as 신용카드. Compare with 체크 카드 (debit card) below — the two are easily confused.</p>
Often written/spoken without the space as 신용카드. Compare with 체크 카드 (debit card) below — the two are easily confused.
examples:
- ko: "**신용카드**로 계산할게요"
en: "I'll use a **credit card** to pay for this"
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: "체크 카드"
en: "debit card"
notes: |
<p>Also often written without the space as 체크카드. Money is withdrawn directly from your bank account, unlike 신용 카드 (credit card).</p>
Also often written without the space as 체크카드. Money is withdrawn directly from your bank account, unlike 신용 카드 (credit card).
examples:
- ko: "**체크카드**로 계산할게요"
en: "I'll pay with a **debit card**"
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: "적립카드"
en: "point card"
notes: |
<p>A store loyalty/points card. Compare with 할인카드 below (a discount card), which is a different kind of card — one saves up points, the other gives an immediate discount.</p>
A store loyalty/points card. Compare with 할인카드 below (a discount card), which is a different kind of card — one saves up points, the other gives an immediate discount.
examples:
- ko: "**적립카드**가 있어요?"
en: "Do you have a **point card**?"
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: "할인"
en: "discount"
notes: |
<p>The noun/verb-stem "discount," used in compounds like 할인상품 (discounted product) and 할인카드 (discount card), or on its own with 하다/해 주다 ("to give a discount").</p>
The noun/verb-stem "discount," used in compounds like 할인상품 (discounted product) and 할인카드 (discount card), or on its own with 하다/해 주다 ("to give a discount").
examples:
- ko: "**할인**상품이 어디에 있어요?"
en: "Where are the **discount** products?"
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: "할인카드"
en: "discount card"
notes: |
<p>Sometimes written 할인 카드 with a space. A physical card that grants a discount, as opposed to 적립카드 (a point/loyalty card that accumulates points over time).</p>
Sometimes written 할인 카드 with a space. A physical card that grants a discount, as opposed to 적립카드 (a point/loyalty card that accumulates points over time).
examples:
- ko: "**할인 카드**가 있으시면 주세요"
en: "If you have a **discount card**, please give it to me"
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: "값"
en: "price"
notes: |
<p>A more native/colloquial word for "price," often used in casual speech and in compounds like 반값 (half price). Compare with 가격 below, which is the more formal/written Sino-Korean equivalent — the two are largely interchangeable but 가격 sounds slightly more formal.</p>
A more native/colloquial word for "price," often used in casual speech and in compounds like 반값 (half price). Compare with 가격 below, which is the more formal/written Sino-Korean equivalent — the two are largely interchangeable but 가격 sounds slightly more formal.
examples:
- ko: "이 옷 **값**이 얼마예요?"
en: "How much is the **price** of these clothes?"
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: "반값"
en: "half price"
notes: |
<p>반 (half) + 값 (price).</p>
반 (half) + 값 (price).
examples:
- ko: "저는 이 책을 **반값**에 샀어요"
en: "I bought this book for **half price**"
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: "가격"
en: "price"
notes: |
<p>The more formal, Sino-Korean word for "price," commonly seen in writing (menus, signs, price tags) as well as speech. Compare with 값 above.</p>
The more formal, Sino-Korean word for "price," commonly seen in writing (menus, signs, price tags) as well as speech. Compare with 값 above.
examples:
- ko: "다른 데에서 **가격**을 비교하자"
en: "Let's compare **prices** at another place"
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: "가격표"
en: "price tag"
notes: |
<p>가격 (price) + 표 (tag/label/chart).</p>
가격 (price) + 표 (tag/label/chart).
examples:
- ko: "이 셔츠는 **가격표**가 없어요"
en: "This shirt doesn't have a **price tag**"
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: "중고"
en: "used"
notes: |
<p>An attributive word meaning "used/secondhand," placed before a noun (e.g. 중고 신발 "used shoes"). Compare with 중고품 below, which is a standalone noun meaning "a used item."</p>
An attributive word meaning "used/secondhand," placed before a noun (e.g. 중고 신발 "used shoes"). Compare with 중고품 below, which is a standalone noun meaning "a used item."
examples:
- ko: "저는 **중고** 신발을 샀어요"
en: "I bought **used** shoes"
@@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: "중고품"
en: "a used item (second hand goods)"
notes: |
<p>중고 (used) + 품 (goods/item) — a standalone noun, unlike 중고 above which needs to attach to another noun.</p>
중고 (used) + 품 (goods/item) — a standalone noun, unlike 중고 above which needs to attach to another noun.
examples:
- ko: "이 **중고품**은 상태가 좋아요"
en: "This **used item** is in good condition"
@@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: "고객(님)"
en: "customer"
notes: |
<p>님 is an honorific suffix added when addressing or referring to a customer politely (e.g. in stores). Compare with 점원 below (the store worker) — opposite roles in a transaction.</p>
님 is an honorific suffix added when addressing or referring to a customer politely (e.g. in stores). Compare with 점원 below (the store worker) — opposite roles in a transaction.
examples:
- ko: "그 주인은 **고객님**들을 잘 대우해요"
en: "That owner treats the **customers** well"
@@ -308,7 +308,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: "점원"
en: "worker at a store"
notes: |
<p>Refers to the staff member/clerk working at a store, as opposed to 고객(님) (the customer).</p>
Refers to the staff member/clerk working at a store, as opposed to 고객(님) (the customer).
examples:
- ko: "**점원**한테 물어보세요"
en: "Ask the **store worker**"
@@ -370,7 +370,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: "팔다"
en: "to sell"
notes: |
<p>Compare with 되팔다 below (to resell).</p>
Compare with 되팔다 below (to resell).
examples:
- ko: "이 가게는 신발을 **팔아요**"
en: "This store **sells** shoes"
@@ -385,7 +385,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: "되팔다"
en: "to resell"
notes: |
<p>되- (re-) + 팔다 (to sell).</p>
되- (re-) + 팔다 (to sell).
examples:
- ko: "저는 그 신발을 **되팔았어요**"
en: "I **resold** those shoes"
@@ -400,7 +400,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: "내다"
en: "to pay"
notes: |
<p>Used specifically for "paying" an amount (e.g. 돈을 내다, 세금을 내다). Compare with 계산하다 below, which is more about "settling/calculating the payment" at checkout.</p>
Used specifically for "paying" an amount (e.g. 돈을 내다, 세금을 내다). Compare with 계산하다 below, which is more about "settling/calculating the payment" at checkout.
examples:
- ko: "제가 돈을 **낼게요**"
en: "I'll **pay** the money"
@@ -415,7 +415,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: "계산하다"
en: "to pay for"
notes: |
<p>Literally "to calculate," used in the context of a store to mean "to pay/settle the bill." Compare with 내다 above.</p>
Literally "to calculate," used in the context of a store to mean "to pay/settle the bill." Compare with 내다 above.
examples:
- ko: "신용카드로 **계산할게요**"
en: "I'll use a credit card **to pay** for this"
@@ -423,7 +423,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: "환불하다"
en: "to refund"
notes: |
<p>The examples below use the related noun form 환불 (refund) with 되다/받다, which is very common in everyday speech alongside the plain verb 환불하다.</p>
The examples below use the related noun form 환불 (refund) with 되다/받다, which is very common in everyday speech alongside the plain verb 환불하다.
examples:
- ko: "환불은 안 됩니다"
en: "No refund"
@@ -439,7 +439,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: "장을 보다"
en: "to do the groceries"
notes: |
<p>Literally "to see/look at the market" (장 = market, 보다 = to see), an idiomatic expression for grocery shopping.</p>
Literally "to see/look at the market" (장 = market, 보다 = to see), an idiomatic expression for grocery shopping.
examples:
- ko: "저는 주말마다 **장을 봐요**"
en: "I **do the groceries** every weekend"
@@ -454,7 +454,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: "적립하다"
en: "to save/accumulate (things like points)"
notes: |
<p>The examples below use the related passive form 적립되다 (to be accumulated) and 적립을 받다 (to receive/earn points), which are more natural in everyday speech than the plain active form.</p>
The examples below use the related passive form 적립되다 (to be accumulated) and 적립을 받다 (to receive/earn points), which are more natural in everyday speech than the plain active form.
examples:
- ko: "적립카드를 신청하시면 포인트가 **적립됩니다**"
en: "If you get a point card, you can **save** points"
@@ -464,7 +464,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: "입다"
en: "to wear"
notes: |
<p>Compare with 입어보다 below (to try something on), which adds 보다 ("to try, see") to this verb.</p>
Compare with 입어보다 below (to try something on), which adds 보다 ("to try, see") to this verb.
examples:
- ko: "저는 오늘 셔츠를 **입었어요**"
en: "I **wore** a shirt today"
@@ -479,7 +479,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: "입어보다"
en: "to try something on"
notes: |
<p>입다 (to wear) + 보다 (to try, see) — literally "to wear and see."</p>
입다 (to wear) + 보다 (to try, see) — literally "to wear and see."
examples:
- ko: "이 바지를 **입어봐도** 돼요?"
en: "Can I **try** these pants **on**?"
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: "싸다"
en: "cheap"
notes: |
<p>Compare with 저렴하다 below, a slightly more polite/formal word for "inexpensive," often preferred in customer-facing or business contexts.</p>
Compare with 저렴하다 below, a slightly more polite/formal word for "inexpensive," often preferred in customer-facing or business contexts.
examples:
- ko: "이 신발은 정말 **싸요**"
en: "These shoes are really **cheap**"
@@ -527,7 +527,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: "저렴하다"
en: "inexpensive"
notes: |
<p>A more polite/formal way to say something is "cheap" or reasonably priced, compared to the more casual/blunt 싸다. Often used by salespeople describing their own products.</p>
A more polite/formal way to say something is "cheap" or reasonably priced, compared to the more casual/blunt 싸다. Often used by salespeople describing their own products.
examples:
- ko: "이 가게는 가격이 **저렴해요**"
en: "This store's prices are **inexpensive**"
docs/howtostudykorean/theme/05-weather.md
+56 -41
View File
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: "날씨"
en: "weather"
notes: |
<p>날씨 = the day-to-day weather conditions. 기후 = climate, the long-term pattern.</p>
날씨 = the day-to-day weather conditions. 기후 = climate, the long-term pattern.
examples:
- ko: "**날씨**가 너무 더워요"
en: "The **weather** is too hot"
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ vocabulary:
notes: Generated by Claude
- ko: "비"
en: "rain"
notes: "<p>비가 오다 / 비가 내리다 = for rain to come / fall. 비 is also part of compounds such as 비옷 (rain jacket).</p>"
notes: "비가 오다 / 비가 내리다 = for rain to come / fall. 비 is also part of compounds such as 비옷 (rain jacket)."
examples:
- ko: "**비**가 왔어요"
en: "It rained (lit. **rain** came)"
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: "눈"
en: "snow"
notes: |
<p>눈 also means "eye". Context tells you which one is meant: 눈이 오다 = snow comes, 눈이 아프다 = eyes hurt.</p>
눈 also means "eye". Context tells you which one is meant: 눈이 오다 = snow comes, 눈이 아프다 = eyes hurt.
examples:
- ko: "**눈**이 왔어요"
en: "It snowed (lit. **snow** came)"
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: "이슬비"
en: "drizzle"
notes: |
<p>이슬비 is a very fine, light rain, lighter than a 소나기 (a sudden shower).</p>
이슬비 is a very fine, light rain, lighter than a 소나기 (a sudden shower).
examples:
- ko: "아침부터 **이슬비**가 내려요"
en: "A **drizzle** has been falling since the morning"
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ vocabulary:
notes: Generated by Claude
- ko: "눈바람"
en: "blizzard (snow + wind)"
notes: "<p>눈바람 literally means snow + wind. 눈보라 is also commonly used for a blizzard or snowstorm.</p>"
notes: "눈바람 literally means snow + wind. 눈보라 is also commonly used for a blizzard or snowstorm."
examples:
- ko: "**눈바람**이 심하게 불어요"
en: "A **blizzard** is blowing hard"
@@ -220,8 +220,9 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: "해"
en: "sun"
notes: |
<p>해 means "sun" here. It also means "year" (올해 = this year) and "harm" in other contexts.</p>
<p>The sun has the verbs 뜨다 (rise) and 지다 (set).</p>
해 means "sun" here. It also means "year" (올해 = this year) and "harm" in other contexts.
The sun has the verbs 뜨다 (rise) and 지다 (set).
examples:
- ko: "여름에는 **해**가 일찍 떠요"
en: "In the summer, the **sun** rises early"
@@ -348,16 +349,18 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: "난방"
en: "heating"
notes: |
<p>난방 is heating (a building, a room, a heater system). Compare 냉방 (cooling).</p>
<p>You will see these words written on signs indicating that the air conditioner or heater is on, and because of that, the owner of the building (or whatever) wants you to close the door after you come in or leave. For example, you might see "난방중". Another place you will see these is on the control console for the central heating/cooling in a building, where you can choose heat "난방" or cooling "냉방".</p>
난방 is heating (a building, a room, a heater system). Compare 냉방 (cooling).
You will see these words written on signs indicating that the air conditioner or heater is on, and because of that, the owner of the building (or whatever) wants you to close the door after you come in or leave. For example, you might see "난방중". Another place you will see these is on the control console for the central heating/cooling in a building, where you can choose heat "난방" or cooling "냉방".
examples:
- ko: "이 방은 **난방** 중이다"
en: "This room is being **heated**"
- ko: "냉방"
en: "cooling (air conditioning)"
notes: |
<p>냉방 is cooling / air conditioning. Compare 난방 (heating).</p>
<p>You will see these words written on signs indicating that the air conditioner or heater is on, and because of that, the owner of the building (or whatever) wants you to close the door after you come in or leave. For example, you might see "냉방중". Another place you will see these is on the control console for the central heating/cooling in a building, where you can choose heat "난방" or cooling "냉방".</p>
냉방 is cooling / air conditioning. Compare 난방 (heating).
You will see these words written on signs indicating that the air conditioner or heater is on, and because of that, the owner of the building (or whatever) wants you to close the door after you come in or leave. For example, you might see "냉방중". Another place you will see these is on the control console for the central heating/cooling in a building, where you can choose heat "난방" or cooling "냉방".
examples:
- ko: "이 방은 **냉방** 중이다"
en: "This room is being air conditioned (**cooled**)"
@@ -366,10 +369,12 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: "치다"
en: "to strike (lightning/thunder)"
notes: |
<p>치다 has many meanings that depend on context:</p>
<p>1) for lightning/thunder to strike (번개가 치다, 천둥이 치다)</p>
<p>2) to play/hit (골프를 치다, 테니스를 치다)</p>
<p>It is not the same verb as 치우다 (to clear away).</p>
치다 has many meanings that depend on context:
- for lightning/thunder to strike (번개가 치다, 천둥이 치다)
- to play/hit (골프를 치다, 테니스를 치다)
It is not the same verb as 치우다 (to clear away).
examples:
- ko: "저는 천둥 **치는** 소리를 들었어요"
en: "I heard (the sound of) thunder **striking**"
@@ -382,8 +387,9 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: "쌓이다"
en: "to be piled up"
notes: |
<p>The word 쌓이다 is used when it snows but the snow doesn't go away, and it continues to pile up more and more.</p>
<p>It is the passive form of 쌓다 (to pile something up).</p>
The word 쌓이다 is used when it snows but the snow doesn't go away, and it continues to pile up more and more.
It is the passive form of 쌓다 (to pile something up).
examples:
- ko: "눈이 **쌓이고** 있어요"
en: "The snow is **piling up**"
@@ -392,8 +398,9 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: "오다"
en: "to come (rain/snow)"
notes: |
<p>오다 is the everyday verb for rain/snow coming. 내리다 (to fall down) is also used, and sounds a little more descriptive.</p>
<p>오다 literally means "to come" and is also used for storms and seasons arriving (태풍이 오다, 봄이 오다).</p>
오다 is the everyday verb for rain/snow coming. 내리다 (to fall down) is also used, and sounds a little more descriptive.
오다 literally means "to come" and is also used for storms and seasons arriving (태풍이 오다, 봄이 오다).
examples:
- ko: "비가 **왔어요**"
en: "It rained (lit. rain **came**)"
@@ -408,8 +415,9 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: "내리다"
en: "to fall (rain/snow)"
notes: |
<p>내리다 = for rain/snow to fall down. It focuses on the falling motion, whereas 오다 is the plain everyday verb.</p>
<p>내리다 also means "to get off" (버스에서 내리다) and "to go down".</p>
내리다 = for rain/snow to fall down. It focuses on the falling motion, whereas 오다 is the plain everyday verb.
내리다 also means "to get off" (버스에서 내리다) and "to go down".
examples:
- ko: "비가 많이 **내려요**"
en: "It's raining a lot (lit. rain is **falling** a lot)"
@@ -435,10 +443,11 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: "지다"
en: "to set (sun)"
notes: |
<p>지다 depends on context:</p>
<p>1) for the sun to set (해가 지다)</p>
<p>2) for flowers to wither/fall (꽃이 지다)</p>
<p>3) to lose (경기에서 지다)</p>
지다 depends on context:
- for the sun to set (해가 지다)
- for flowers to wither/fall (꽃이 지다)
- to lose (경기에서 지다)
examples:
- ko: "여름에는 해가 늦게 **져요**"
en: "In the summer, the sun **sets** late"
@@ -451,7 +460,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: "뜨다"
en: "to rise (sun)"
notes: |
<p>뜨다 depends on context: for the sun to rise (해가 뜨다), to float (물에 뜨다), and to open one's eyes (눈을 뜨다).</p>
뜨다 depends on context: for the sun to rise (해가 뜨다), to float (물에 뜨다), and to open one's eyes (눈을 뜨다).
examples:
- ko: "여름에는 해가 일찍 **떠요**"
en: "In the summer, the sun **rises** early"
@@ -494,8 +503,9 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: "덥다"
en: "hot (weather)"
notes: |
<p>덥다 is for hot weather or feeling hot. It is a ㅂ irregular adjective (더워요, 더운, 더워서).</p>
<p>For something hot to the touch (water, food), 뜨겁다 is used.</p>
덥다 is for hot weather or feeling hot. It is a ㅂ irregular adjective (더워요, 더운, 더워서).
For something hot to the touch (water, food), 뜨겁다 is used.
examples:
- ko: "날씨가 너무 **더워요**"
en: "The weather is too **hot**"
@@ -631,8 +641,9 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: "영상"
en: "above zero"
notes: |
<p>영상 means "above zero" when talking about temperature, e.g. 영상 3도.</p>
<p>영상 also means "video/footage" in other contexts. Compare 영하 (below zero).</p>
영상 means "above zero" when talking about temperature, e.g. 영상 3도.
영상 also means "video/footage" in other contexts. Compare 영하 (below zero).
examples:
- ko: "낮 기온은 **영상** 3도예요"
en: "The daytime temperature is 3 degrees **above zero**"
@@ -649,7 +660,7 @@ sentence:
- ko: "비가 왔어요"
en: "It rained"
notes: |
<p>Mainly past tense: "It rained". The sentence pool also lists "It's raining" for this sentence (rain that has come and is still around), but for a plain present "It's raining" use 비가 와요.</p>
Mainly past tense: "It rained". The sentence pool also lists "It's raining" for this sentence (rain that has come and is still around), but for a plain present "It's raining" use 비가 와요.
- ko: "비가 와요"
en: "It's raining"
notes: "Present tense. 오다 (to come) is the everyday verb for rain/snow; 내리다 (to fall down) is also used."
@@ -668,16 +679,18 @@ sentence:
- ko: "골프를 치고 있었는데 갑자기 소나기가 왔어요"
en: "I was playing golf, and then suddenly it started to shower"
notes: |
<p>치다 here means "to play (golf)", not "to strike (lightning)". Context decides the meaning.</p>
<p>-는데 sets up the background, then the new event follows ("and then").</p>
치다 here means "to play (golf)", not "to strike (lightning)". Context decides the meaning.
-는데 sets up the background, then the new event follows ("and then").
- ko: "내일 기온이 30도까지 올라갈 거에요"
en: "The temperature tomorrow is going to go up to 30 degrees"
notes: "Standard spelling is 거예요; 거에요 is a common informal spelling and is kept as in the pool. 까지 = up to."
- ko: "다음 주까지 폭염이 예상됩니다"
en: "A heat wave is expected until next week"
notes: |
<p>"(to last)" is implied: the heat wave is expected to continue until next week.</p>
<p>예상되다 = to be expected. -ㅂ니다 is the formal style used in weather forecasts and news.</p>
"(to last)" is implied: the heat wave is expected to continue until next week.
예상되다 = to be expected. -ㅂ니다 is the formal style used in weather forecasts and news.
- ko: "이 방은 냉방 중이다"
en: "This room is being air conditioned"
notes: "-중이다 = in the middle of (doing). The plain -이다 ending is typical on signs and notices."
@@ -716,8 +729,9 @@ sentence:
- ko: "낙엽 때문에 산길이 미끄러워요"
en: "The path is slippery because of the fallen leaves"
notes: |
<p>산길 = mountain path ("(mountain)" path).</p>
<p>미끄럽다 is a ㅂ irregular adjective (미끄러워요). 때문에 = because of (after a noun).</p>
산길 = mountain path ("(mountain)" path).
미끄럽다 is a ㅂ irregular adjective (미끄러워요). 때문에 = because of (after a noun).
- ko: "날씨가 서늘해요"
en: "The weather is cool"
notes: "서늘하다 is a pleasant, fresh coolness. See also 쌀쌀하다 (chilly)."
@@ -739,8 +753,9 @@ sentence:
- ko: "가을에는 일교차가 크기 때문에 겉옷을 항상 준비해야 해요"
en: "You should always prepare outer clothes in the fall because the temperature can be very different from morning to night"
notes: |
<p>겉옷 = outer clothes (like a jacket). 일교차 = the difference in temperature within a day.</p>
<p>-기 때문에 = because (verb/adjective). 항상 = always.</p>
겉옷 = outer clothes (like a jacket). 일교차 = the difference in temperature within a day.
-기 때문에 = because (verb/adjective). 항상 = always.
- ko: "가을에는 날씨가 매우 건조해서 산불이 많이 나요"
en: "Forest fires happen a lot in fall because the weather is very dry"
notes: "불이 나다 = for a fire to break out. 나다 is used for things that appear or occur (fire, smell, noise)."
@@ -778,7 +793,7 @@ sentence:
notes: "-다가 = while doing X, something interrupts. 넘어지다 = to fall over."
- ko: "눈이 쌓이고 있어요"
en: "The snow is piling up"
notes: "<p>The word 쌓이다 is used when it snows but the snow doesn't go away, and it continues to pile up more and more.</p>"
notes: "The word 쌓이다 is used when it snows but the snow doesn't go away, and it continues to pile up more and more."
- ko: "겨울에 한국 사람들이 문을 왜 안 닫는지 이해가 안 돼요"
en: "I don't understand why Korean people don't close the door in the winter"
notes: "-는지 = embedded 'why/whether' question. 이해가 안 돼요 = I can't understand / it doesn't make sense to me."
@@ -816,7 +831,7 @@ sentence:
- ko: "저는 천둥 치는 소리를 들었어요"
en: "I heard thunder"
notes: |
<p>Literally "I heard the sound of thunder striking". 듣다 is a ㄷ irregular verb (들었어요).</p>
Literally "I heard the sound of thunder striking". 듣다 is a ㄷ irregular verb (들었어요).
- ko: "비옷을 사야겠어요"
en: "I'll have to buy a rain jacket"
notes: "-아/어야겠다 = I'll have to / I'd better (a decision made on the spot)."
docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/01-sentences.md
+75 -49
View File
@@ -59,9 +59,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-1-4.mp3
en: I, me (formal)
notes: |
<p>When used as the subject of a sentence, 저 translates to "I," when used as the object of a sentence, "저" translates to "me." For example: "저는 그 여자를 사랑해요" = "I love that girl", "그 여자는 저를 사랑해요" = "That girl loves me"</p>
<p>저 changes to 제 when 이/가 are attached. See Lesson 2 for more information. For example: "제가 한국을 좋아해요" = "I like Korea"</p>
<p>나 is used instead of 저 in informal situations.</p>
When used as the subject of a sentence, 저 translates to "I," when used as the object of a sentence, "저" translates to "me." For example: "저는 그 여자를 사랑해요" = "I love that girl", "그 여자는 저를 사랑해요" = "That girl loves me"
저 changes to 제 when 이/가 are attached. See Lesson 2 for more information. For example: "제가 한국을 좋아해요" = "I like Korea"
나 is used instead of 저 in informal situations.
examples:
- ko: "**저**는 친구를 만났어요"
en: "**I** met a friend"
@@ -76,9 +78,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-1-5.mp3
en: I, me (informal)
notes: |
<p>When used as the subject of a sentence, 나 translates to "I," when used as the object of a sentence, "나" translates to "me." For example: "나는 그 여자를 사랑해" = "I love that girl", "그 여자는 나를 사랑해" = "That girl loves me"</p>
<p>나 changes to 내 when 이/가 are attached. See Lesson 2 for more information. For example: "내가 한국을 좋아해" = "I like Korea"</p>
<p>저 is used instead of 나 in formal situations.</p>
When used as the subject of a sentence, 나 translates to "I," when used as the object of a sentence, "나" translates to "me." For example: "나는 그 여자를 사랑해" = "I love that girl", "그 여자는 나를 사랑해" = "That girl loves me"
나 changes to 내 when 이/가 are attached. See Lesson 2 for more information. For example: "내가 한국을 좋아해" = "I like Korea"
저 is used instead of 나 in formal situations.
examples:
- ko: "**나**는 친구를 만났어"
en: "**I** met a friend"
@@ -123,8 +127,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-1-9.mp3
en: this
notes: |
<p>이 is a type of word called a "관형사," which isn't an adjective, but is another type of word that can be placed before nouns to describe them. In English, "관형사" translates to a "modifier" or "a determiner." 이 is placed before nouns within reaching distance to indicate that one is talking about "this" specific thing. For example: "이 사람" = "this person"</p>
<p>It is easy to distinguish between a determiner and an adjective in Korean. Although both placed before nouns to "describe" them, the dictionary (ordinary) form of an adjective always ends in ~다 and must change in order to describe them. For example, 예쁘다 changes to 예쁜 when placed before a noun to describe it (See Lesson 3 for more information). Determiners keep their original form when placed before a noun. This might be too much grammar for you at this point, but make a note of it.</p>
이 is a type of word called a "관형사," which isn't an adjective, but is another type of word that can be placed before nouns to describe them. In English, "관형사" translates to a "modifier" or "a determiner." 이 is placed before nouns within reaching distance to indicate that one is talking about "this" specific thing. For example: "이 사람" = "this person"
It is easy to distinguish between a determiner and an adjective in Korean. Although both placed before nouns to "describe" them, the dictionary (ordinary) form of an adjective always ends in ~다 and must change in order to describe them. For example, 예쁘다 changes to 예쁜 when placed before a noun to describe it (See Lesson 3 for more information). Determiners keep their original form when placed before a noun. This might be too much grammar for you at this point, but make a note of it.
examples:
- ko: "**이** 차는 너무 비싸요"
en: "**This** car is too expensive"
@@ -141,8 +146,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-1-8.mp3
en: that
notes: |
<p>그 is another example of a "관형사" in Korean. 그 is placed before nouns that are being referred to from context or a previous sentence. For example, if your father is talking about a specific person, you can refer to "that person" by saying "그 사람."</p>
<p>See more information about 관형사 in my description of "이" above.</p>
그 is another example of a "관형사" in Korean. 그 is placed before nouns that are being referred to from context or a previous sentence. For example, if your father is talking about a specific person, you can refer to "that person" by saying "그 사람."
See more information about 관형사 in my description of "이" above.
examples:
- ko: "**그** 남자는 저의 아버지예요"
en: "**That** man is my father"
@@ -159,10 +165,13 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-1-10.mp3
en: that (when something is far away)
notes: |
<p>저 is another example of a "관형사" in Korean. 저 is placed before nouns that are far away (not within reach). For example, if you want to refer to the person across the street, you can refer to "that person" by saying "저 사람."</p>
<p>그 and 저 both translate to "that." This often causes confusion for English speakers.</p>
<p>Also notice that "저" has more than one meaning. Earlier, you saw that "저" means "I/me." Welcome to the world of Korean! Where often times one word has more than one meaning.</p>
<p>See more information about 관형사 in my description of "이" above.</p>
저 is another example of a "관형사" in Korean. 저 is placed before nouns that are far away (not within reach). For example, if you want to refer to the person across the street, you can refer to "that person" by saying "저 사람."
그 and 저 both translate to "that." This often causes confusion for English speakers.
Also notice that "저" has more than one meaning. Earlier, you saw that "저" means "I/me." Welcome to the world of Korean! Where often times one word has more than one meaning.
See more information about 관형사 in my description of "이" above.
examples:
- ko: "**저** 사람은 누구예요?"
en: Who is **that** person?
@@ -181,8 +190,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-1-11.mp3
en: thing
notes: |
<p>Not only used as a simple noun, but also used as a noun that can be described by full sentences. See Lesson 26 for more information about this.</p>
<p>것 can be shortened to 거. 것이 can be shortened to 게</p>
Not only used as a simple noun, but also used as a noun that can be described by full sentences. See Lesson 26 for more information about this.
것 can be shortened to 거. 것이 can be shortened to 게
examples:
- ko: 저는 비싼 **것**만 좋아해요
en: I only like expensive **things**
@@ -197,10 +207,13 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-1-v.mp3
en: this (thing)
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "이걷"</p>
<p>이것 is often shortened to 이거 in speech.</p>
<p>When 이, 그 or 저 are placed before "것," the result is a compound word. Therefore, when placing "것" after 이, 그 or 저, there should not be a space between the two.</p>
<p>Although it can be translated as "this thing," 이것 itself is a pronoun and can be simplified to translate to "this." For more information, see the explanation in Lesson 1.</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "이걷"
이것 is often shortened to 이거 in speech.
When 이, 그 or 저 are placed before "것," the result is a compound word. Therefore, when placing "것" after 이, 그 or 저, there should not be a space between the two.
Although it can be translated as "this thing," 이것 itself is a pronoun and can be simplified to translate to "this." For more information, see the explanation in Lesson 1.
examples:
- ko: "**이것**은 뭐야?"
en: What is **this (thing)**?
@@ -225,10 +238,13 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-1-v2.mp3
en: that (thing)
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "그걷"</p>
<p>그것 is often shortened to 그거 in speech.</p>
<p>When 이, 그 or 저 are placed before "것," the result is a compound word. Therefore, when placing "것" after 이, 그 or 저, there should not be a space between the two.</p>
<p>Although it can be translated as "that thing," 그것 itself is a pronoun and can be simplified to translate to "that." For more information, see the explanation in Lesson 1.</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "그걷"
그것 is often shortened to 그거 in speech.
When 이, 그 or 저 are placed before "것," the result is a compound word. Therefore, when placing "것" after 이, 그 or 저, there should not be a space between the two.
Although it can be translated as "that thing," 그것 itself is a pronoun and can be simplified to translate to "that." For more information, see the explanation in Lesson 1.
examples:
- ko: 저는 **그것**을 손으로 만들었어요
en: I built **that (thing)** with my hands
@@ -245,10 +261,13 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-1-v3.mp3
en: that (thing)
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "저걷"</p>
<p>저것 is often shortened to 저거 in speech.</p>
<p>When 이, 그 or 저 are placed before "것," the result is a compound word. Therefore, when placing "것" after 이, 그 or 저, there should not be a space between the two.</p>
<p>Although it can be translated as "that thing," 저것 itself is a pronoun and can be simplified to translate to "that." For more information, see the explanation in Lesson 1.</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "저걷"
저것 is often shortened to 저거 in speech.
When 이, 그 or 저 are placed before "것," the result is a compound word. Therefore, when placing "것" after 이, 그 or 저, there should not be a space between the two.
Although it can be translated as "that thing," 저것 itself is a pronoun and can be simplified to translate to "that." For more information, see the explanation in Lesson 1.
examples:
- ko: "**저것**은 사과예요"
en: "**That (thing)** is an apple"
@@ -261,8 +280,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-1-12.mp3
en: chair
notes: |
<p>This word appears in Korean Sign Explanation [Video 14]</p>
<p><YouTube id="b8X6ryrJGeY" /></p>
This word appears in Korean Sign Explanation [Video 14]
<YouTube id="b8X6ryrJGeY" />
examples:
- ko: 그녀는 **의자**에서 일어났어요
en: She rose up from her **chair**
@@ -277,8 +297,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-1-13.mp3
en: table
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "탁짜"</p>
<p>The little table that Korean people use when they sit on the floor to have meals is called a "상." A kitchen table can be referred to more specifically by saying "식탁."</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "탁짜"
The little table that Korean people use when they sit on the floor to have meals is called a "상." A kitchen table can be referred to more specifically by saying "식탁."
examples:
- ko: 저는 잡지를 **탁자** 위에 놓을 거예요
en: I will put the magazine on the **table**
@@ -297,8 +318,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-1-14.mp3
en: teacher
notes: |
<p>This is often colloquially shortened to "쌤"</p>
<p>선생님 (or 쌤) is often used to broadly refer to anybody in any form of a teaching position, or anybody who works at any position in a school. For example, the maintenance people who work at a school would be referred to as "선생님" within the school.</p>
This is often colloquially shortened to "쌤"
선생님 (or 쌤) is often used to broadly refer to anybody in any form of a teaching position, or anybody who works at any position in a school. For example, the maintenance people who work at a school would be referred to as "선생님" within the school.
examples:
- ko: 저는 **선생님**이 되고 싶어요
en: I want to be a **teacher**
@@ -375,8 +397,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-1-18.mp3
en: person
notes: |
<p>The formal version of 사람 is "분"</p>
<p>The counter for people is "명" (informal) or "분" (formal). See Lesson 10 for more information</p>
The formal version of 사람 is "분"
The counter for people is "명" (informal) or "분" (formal). See Lesson 10 for more information
examples:
- ko: 그 **사람**은 아주 똑똑해요
en: That **person** is very smart
@@ -448,7 +471,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-1-22.mp3
en: sofa
notes: |
<p>Many new Korean words are simply English words with a Korean pronunciation pronouncing "소파" in Korean will sound like "sofa." Note that there is no way to pronounce the "F" sound in Korean. English words with an "F" that are borrowed to Korean usually use "ㅍ" to make the "F" sound.</p>
Many new Korean words are simply English words with a Korean pronunciation pronouncing "소파" in Korean will sound like "sofa." Note that there is no way to pronounce the "F" sound in Korean. English words with an "F" that are borrowed to Korean usually use "ㅍ" to make the "F" sound.
examples:
- ko: 그는 **소파**에 앉아 있어요
en: He is sitting on the **couch**
@@ -497,8 +520,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-1-25.mp3
en: door
notes: |
<p>On the subway, you will hear "내리실 문은 왼쪽/오른쪽이에요" – "The doors are on your left/right."</p>
<p>On the bus, you will see signs saying "문이 완전히 열릴 때까지 버스에서 내리거나 문에 기대지 마세요" – "Until the door is fully/completely open, don't get off the bus or lean on the door"</p>
On the subway, you will hear "내리실 문은 왼쪽/오른쪽이에요" – "The doors are on your left/right."
On the bus, you will see signs saying "문이 완전히 열릴 때까지 버스에서 내리거나 문에 기대지 마세요" – "Until the door is fully/completely open, don't get off the bus or lean on the door"
examples:
- ko: "**문**을 닫아야 돼요"
en: You have to close the **door**
@@ -549,8 +573,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-1-27.mp3
en: to be
notes: |
<p>This is the first time you are being introduced to a word that must be conjugated in order to be used. Visit Lesson 5 for more information. Any word that ends in "다" must be conjugated to be used. The conjugation of 이다 is different than other words. I introduce all of these conjugations in Lesson 9.</p>
<p>"to be" can be many words in English. For example, I am, he is, they are, I was, they were. 이다 acts as all of these words.</p>
This is the first time you are being introduced to a word that must be conjugated in order to be used. Visit Lesson 5 for more information. Any word that ends in "다" must be conjugated to be used. The conjugation of 이다 is different than other words. I introduce all of these conjugations in Lesson 9.
"to be" can be many words in English. For example, I am, he is, they are, I was, they were. 이다 acts as all of these words.
examples:
- ko: 저는 예쁜 여자**예요**
en: I **am** a beautiful girl
@@ -569,8 +594,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-1-29.mp3
en: "yes"
notes: |
<p>Informally, you can say "응" to mean "yes"</p>
<p>When speaking on the phone, Korean people often say this many times and pronounce it as "데"</p>
Informally, you can say "응" to mean "yes"
When speaking on the phone, Korean people often say this many times and pronounce it as "데"
examples:
- ko: "**네**, 저는 가고 싶어요"
en: "**Yes**, I want to go"
@@ -587,12 +613,12 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-1-30.mp3
en: "no"
notes: |
<p>In formal situations, "아니요" is more respectful</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>아니요</strong>, 안 했어요 = <strong>No</strong>, I didn’t do it</li>
</ul>
<p>Person 1: 숙소비가 얼마예요? 10만원? = How much is the lodging fee? 100,000 won?</p>
<p>Person 2: <strong>아니요</strong>. 10만원 조금 넘어요 = <strong>No</strong>. A little more than 100,000 won</p>
In formal situations, "아니요" is more respectful
* **아니요**, 안 했어요 = **No**, I didn’t do it
Person 1: 숙소비가 얼마예요? 10만원? = How much is the lodging fee? 100,000 won?
Person 2: **아니요**. 10만원 조금 넘어요 = **No**. A little more than 100,000 won
examples:
- ko: "**아니요**, 안 했어요"
en: "**No**, I didn't do it"
docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/02-particles.md
+22 -16
View File
@@ -102,9 +102,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-2-8.mp3
en: puppy
notes: |
<p>The word "개" is usually used for dogs that are not pets.</p>
<p>The counter for animals is "마리." See Lesson 10 for more information.</p>
<p>The sound a dog makes in Korean is "멍멍." This is like saying "woof woof" in English.</p>
The word "개" is usually used for dogs that are not pets.
The counter for animals is "마리." See Lesson 10 for more information.
The sound a dog makes in Korean is "멍멍." This is like saying "woof woof" in English.
examples:
- ko: 어렸을 때 **강아지**를 키우고 싶었어요
en: When I was young, I wanted to raise a **puppy**
@@ -163,7 +165,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-2-12.mp3
en: phone
notes: |
<p>A 전화기 usually refers to a typical land-line style phone that nobody uses anymore, and thus, is not said as often as it used to be said. A more common word to use is "핸드폰" (hand-phone, or cell-phone)</p>
A 전화기 usually refers to a typical land-line style phone that nobody uses anymore, and thus, is not said as often as it used to be said. A more common word to use is "핸드폰" (hand-phone, or cell-phone)
examples:
- ko: 요즘에 아무도 **전화기**를 안 써요
en: These days, nobody uses a **phone**
@@ -172,7 +174,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-2-13.mp3
en: coffee
notes: |
<p>Notice that there is no "F" in Korean, and thus, Korean people use "ㅍ" to make the "F" sound</p>
Notice that there is no "F" in Korean, and thus, Korean people use "ㅍ" to make the "F" sound
examples:
- ko: 저는 친구들이랑 **커피**를 마셨어요
en: I drank **coffee** with my friends
@@ -187,8 +189,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-2-14.mp3
en: restaurant
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "식땅"</p>
<p>The Konglish word 레스토랑 is commonly used as well.</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "식땅"
The Konglish word 레스토랑 is commonly used as well.
examples:
- ko: 좋은 **식당**에 가고 싶어요
en: I want to go to a good **restaurant**
@@ -209,8 +212,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-2-15.mp3
en: building
notes: |
<p>This word appears in my Korean Sign Explanation Video 4</p>
<p><YouTube id="M7YRA_3Betw" /></p>
This word appears in my Korean Sign Explanation Video 4
<YouTube id="M7YRA_3Betw" />
examples:
- ko: 그 **건물**은 너무 높아요
en: That **building** is very high
@@ -227,8 +231,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-2-16.mp3
en: television
notes: |
<p>Originates from the English pronunciation of "Television."</p>
<p>This is often shortened to "TV" which sounds like "티비" in Korean.</p>
Originates from the English pronunciation of "Television."
This is often shortened to "TV" which sounds like "티비" in Korean.
examples:
- ko: "**텔레비전**을 오랫동안 보지 마세요!"
en: Don't watch **TV** for a long time!
@@ -322,8 +327,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-2-22.mp3
en: inside
notes: |
<p>Position words are typically placed after a noun to indicate in which direction in reference to that noun something occurs. ~에 is typically attached to a word of position. For example: "저의 친구는 은행 안에 있어요" = "My friend is in the bank"</p>
<p>안 can also be used to indicate that some action is completed "within" or "inside" a time period. This usage is discussed in Lesson 24. For example: "우리는 한 시간 안에 그 일을 끝내야 돼요" = "We need to finish that job/task within one hour"</p>
Position words are typically placed after a noun to indicate in which direction in reference to that noun something occurs. ~에 is typically attached to a word of position. For example: "저의 친구는 은행 안에 있어요" = "My friend is in the bank"
안 can also be used to indicate that some action is completed "within" or "inside" a time period. This usage is discussed in Lesson 24. For example: "우리는 한 시간 안에 그 일을 끝내야 돼요" = "We need to finish that job/task within one hour"
examples:
- ko: 저의 친구는 은행 **안**에 있어요
en: My friend is **in** the bank
@@ -391,7 +397,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-2-28.mp3
en: here
notes: |
<p>The placement of "~에" is usually assumed and therefore omitted. 여기 and ~에서 combine to form 여기서</p>
The placement of "~에" is usually assumed and therefore omitted. 여기 and ~에서 combine to form 여기서
examples:
- ko: "**여기에** 빨리 오세요!"
en: Come **here** quick!
@@ -423,7 +429,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Lesson2vocabtobeat.mp3
en: to be at a location
notes: |
<p>~에 is typically attached to the location where something/somebody is. For more information, see the explanation in of this lesson.</p>
~에 is typically attached to the location where something/somebody is. For more information, see the explanation in of this lesson.
examples:
- ko: 저는 은행에 **있어요**
en: I am **at** the bank
@@ -441,7 +447,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Lesson2vocabtobeat.mp3
en: to have something
notes: |
<p>~이/가 must be attached to the object that is being possessed. For more information, visit Lesson 2.</p>
~이/가 must be attached to the object that is being possessed. For more information, visit Lesson 2.
examples:
- ko: 저는 펜이 **있어요**
en: I **have** a pen
docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/03-verbs.md
+84 -67
View File
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-3-4.mp3
en: hospital
notes: |
<p>In English, I would only go to the "hospital" if I was really sick, and I would "go to the doctor" if I had some minor illness. In Korean, they go to the hospital for minor and major problems. This is because even small doctors' offices are referred to as a "병원." If you are really sick, you would probably need to go to a "대학병원."</p>
In English, I would only go to the "hospital" if I was really sick, and I would "go to the doctor" if I had some minor illness. In Korean, they go to the hospital for minor and major problems. This is because even small doctors' offices are referred to as a "병원." If you are really sick, you would probably need to go to a "대학병원."
examples:
- ko: 저는 아파서 **병원**에 갈 거예요
en: I'm going to the **hospital** because I am sick
@@ -85,8 +85,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-3-6.mp3
en: Korean (language)
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "한구거"</p>
<p>"한국말" is a colloquial way to refer to the Korean language.</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "한구거"
"한국말" is a colloquial way to refer to the Korean language.
examples:
- ko: 저는 **한국어**로 말했어요
en: I spoke in **Korean**
@@ -109,7 +110,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-3-7.mp3
en: head
notes: |
<p>This is used to refer to one's head or the hair on one's head. For example, if you get a haircut, you can say "머리를 잘랐어요." Note that this does not mean "I cut my head." To specifically refer to the hair on your head, you can use "머리카락"</p>
This is used to refer to one's head or the hair on one's head. For example, if you get a haircut, you can say "머리를 잘랐어요." Note that this does not mean "I cut my head." To specifically refer to the hair on your head, you can use "머리카락"
examples:
- ko: "**머리**가 아파서 학교에 못 가요"
en: I can't go to school because my **head** hurts
@@ -267,9 +268,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-3-17.mp3
en: to eat
notes: |
<p>The formal version of this word is 들다 (usually said as 드시다)</p>
<p>An even more formal version of this word is 잡수시다</p>
<p>~아/어: 먹어, ~ㄴ/은: 먹은, ~ㄴ/는다: 먹는다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 먹습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 먹을, ~니: 먹으니, ~ㅁ/음: 먹음, ~(으)려고: 먹으려고, ~(으)시: 먹으시, ~(으)면: 먹으면, ~(으)니: 먹으니</p>
The formal version of this word is 들다 (usually said as 드시다)
An even more formal version of this word is 잡수시다
~아/어: 먹어, ~ㄴ/은: 먹은, ~ㄴ/는다: 먹는다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 먹습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 먹을, ~니: 먹으니, ~ㅁ/음: 먹음, ~(으)려고: 먹으려고, ~(으)시: 먹으시, ~(으)면: 먹으면, ~(으)니: 먹으니
examples:
- ko: "밥을 **먹었어요**?"
en: Have you **eaten**?
@@ -294,7 +297,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-3-18.mp3
en: to go
notes: |
<p>~아/어: 가, ~ㄴ/은: 간, ~ㄴ/는다: 간다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 갑니다, ~ㄹ/을: 갈, ~니: 가니, ~ㅁ/음: 감, ~(으)려고: 가려고, ~(으)시: 가시, ~(으)면: 가면, ~(으)니: 가니</p>
~아/어: 가, ~ㄴ/은: 간, ~ㄴ/는다: 간다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 갑니다, ~ㄹ/을: 갈, ~니: 가니, ~ㅁ/음: 감, ~(으)려고: 가려고, ~(으)시: 가시, ~(으)면: 가면, ~(으)니: 가니
examples:
- ko: 저는 내일 학교에 **갈** **거예요**
en: Tomorrow I **will go** to school
@@ -325,7 +328,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-3-19.mp3
en: to meet
notes: |
<p>~아/어: 만나, ~ㄴ/은: 만난, ~ㄴ/는다: 만난다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 만납니다, ~ㄹ/을: 만날, ~니: 만나니, ~ㅁ/음: 만남, ~(으)려고: 만나려고, ~(으)시: 만나시, ~(으)면: 만나면, ~(으)니: 만나니</p>
~아/어: 만나, ~ㄴ/은: 만난, ~ㄴ/는다: 만난다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 만납니다, ~ㄹ/을: 만날, ~니: 만나니, ~ㅁ/음: 만남, ~(으)려고: 만나려고, ~(으)시: 만나시, ~(으)면: 만나면, ~(으)니: 만나니
examples:
- ko: 저는 어제 친구를 **만났어요**
en: I **met** a friend yesterday
@@ -350,8 +353,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-3-20.mp3
en: to close
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "닫따"</p>
<p>~아/어: 닫아, ~ㄴ/은: 닫은, ~ㄴ/는다: 닫는다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 닫습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 닫을, ~니: 닫으니, ~ㅁ/음: 닫음, ~(으)려고: 닫으려고, ~(으)시: 닫으시, ~(으)면: 닫으면, ~(으)니: 닫으니</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "닫따"
~아/어: 닫아, ~ㄴ/은: 닫은, ~ㄴ/는다: 닫는다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 닫습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 닫을, ~니: 닫으니, ~ㅁ/음: 닫음, ~(으)려고: 닫으려고, ~(으)시: 닫으시, ~(으)면: 닫으면, ~(으)니: 닫으니
examples:
- ko: 저는 **문**을 닫았어요
en: I **closed** the door
@@ -368,18 +372,17 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-3-21.mp3
en: to open
notes: |
<p>열다 can be used to open up something that can also be closed – like a door or a window. For example:</p>
<ul>
<li>저는 창문을 열었어요 = I opened the window</li>
<li>저는 아줌마를 위해 문을 열었어요 = I opened the door for an older lady</li>
<li>너무 더워서 창문을 열었어요 = I opened a window because it is too hot</li>
</ul>
<p>It is also commonly used to indicate that one "holds" an event where many people will gather. For example:</p>
<ul>
<li>그 친구가 미국에 가기 전에 송별회를 열 거예요 = We will hold a going away party for that friend before he goes to America</li>
<li>우리는 다음 주에 그 문제에 대한 회의를 열 거예요 = We are going to hold a meeting next week about that problem</li>
</ul>
<p>~아/어: 열어, ~ㄴ/은: 연, ~ㄴ/는다: 연다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 엽니다, ~ㄹ/을: 열, ~니: 여니, ~ㅁ/음: 엶, ~(으)려고: 열려고, ~(으)시: 여시, ~(으)면: 열면, ~(으)니: 여니</p>
열다 can be used to open up something that can also be closed – like a door or a window. For example:
* 저는 창문을 열었어요 = I opened the window
* 저는 아줌마를 위해 문을 열었어요 = I opened the door for an older lady
* 너무 더워서 창문을 열었어요 = I opened a window because it is too hot
It is also commonly used to indicate that one "holds" an event where many people will gather. For example:
* 그 친구가 미국에 가기 전에 송별회를 열 거예요 = We will hold a going away party for that friend before he goes to America
* 우리는 다음 주에 그 문제에 대한 회의를 열 거예요 = We are going to hold a meeting next week about that problem
~아/어: 열어, ~ㄴ/은: 연, ~ㄴ/는다: 연다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 엽니다, ~ㄹ/을: 열, ~니: 여니, ~ㅁ/음: 엶, ~(으)려고: 열려고, ~(으)시: 여시, ~(으)면: 열면, ~(으)니: 여니
examples:
- ko: 저는 창문을 **열었어요**
en: I **opened** the window
@@ -396,8 +399,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-3-22.mp3
en: to want (an object)
notes: |
<p>This word can only be used to say that you want a noun. You cannot say that you want to do a verb using 원하다. In order to say "I want to do…" see Lesson 17.</p>
<p>~해: 원해, ~ㄴ/은: 원한, ~ㄴ/는다: 원한다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 원합니다, ~ㄹ/을: 원할, ~니: 원하니, ~ㅁ/음: 원함, ~(으)려고: 원하려고, ~(으)시: 원하시, ~(으)면: 원하면, ~(으)니: 원하니</p>
This word can only be used to say that you want a noun. You cannot say that you want to do a verb using 원하다. In order to say "I want to do…" see Lesson 17.
~해: 원해, ~ㄴ/은: 원한, ~ㄴ/는다: 원한다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 원합니다, ~ㄹ/을: 원할, ~니: 원하니, ~ㅁ/음: 원함, ~(으)려고: 원하려고, ~(으)시: 원하시, ~(으)면: 원하면, ~(으)니: 원하니
examples:
- ko: 저는 더 큰 집을 **원해요**
en: I **want** a bigger house
@@ -412,7 +416,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-3-23.mp3
en: to make
notes: |
<p>~아/어: 만들어, ~ㄴ/은: 만든, ~ㄴ/는다: 만든다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 만듭니다, ~ㄹ/을: 만들, ~니: 만드니, ~ㅁ/음: 만듦, ~(으)려고: 만들려고, ~(으)시: 만드시, ~(으)면: 만들면, ~(으)니: 만드니</p>
~아/어: 만들어, ~ㄴ/은: 만든, ~ㄴ/는다: 만든다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 만듭니다, ~ㄹ/을: 만들, ~니: 만드니, ~ㅁ/음: 만듦, ~(으)려고: 만들려고, ~(으)시: 만드시, ~(으)면: 만들면, ~(으)니: 만드니
examples:
- ko: 그것을 어떻게 **만들었어요**?
en: How did you **make** that?
@@ -433,13 +437,12 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-3-24.mp3
en: to do
notes: |
<p>Attaching 하다 to nouns (usually of Chinese origin) changes that noun into a verb. For example:</p>
<ul>
<li>요리 = cooking → 요리하다 = to cook</li>
<li>결혼 = marriage → 결혼하다 = to marry</li>
<li>말 = speech/speaking/words → 말하다 = to speak</li>
</ul>
<p>~해: 해, ~ㄴ/은: 한, ~ㄴ/는다: 한다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 합니다, ~ㄹ/을: 할, ~니: 하니, ~ㅁ/음: 함, ~(으)려고: 하려고, ~(으)시: 하시, ~(으)면: 하면, ~(으)니: 하니</p>
Attaching 하다 to nouns (usually of Chinese origin) changes that noun into a verb. For example:
* 요리 = cooking → 요리하다 = to cook
* 결혼 = marriage → 결혼하다 = to marry
* 말 = speech/speaking/words → 말하다 = to speak
~해: 해, ~ㄴ/은: 한, ~ㄴ/는다: 한다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 합니다, ~ㄹ/을: 할, ~니: 하니, ~ㅁ/음: 함, ~(으)려고: 하려고, ~(으)시: 하시, ~(으)면: 하면, ~(으)니: 하니
examples:
- ko: 그것을 언제 **했어요**?
en: When did you **do** that?
@@ -452,8 +455,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-3-25.mp3
en: to speak
notes: |
<p>The noun form of this word "말," translates to speech, or "something that one says."</p>
<p>~해: 말해, ~ㄴ/은: 말한, ~ㄴ/는다: 말한다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 말합니다, ~ㄹ/을: 말할, ~니: 말하니, ~ㅁ/음: 말함, ~(으)려고: 말하려고, ~(으)시: 말하시, ~(으)면: 말하면, ~(으)니: 말하니</p>
The noun form of this word "말," translates to speech, or "something that one says."
~해: 말해, ~ㄴ/은: 말한, ~ㄴ/는다: 말한다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 말합니다, ~ㄹ/을: 말할, ~니: 말하니, ~ㅁ/음: 말함, ~(으)려고: 말하려고, ~(으)시: 말하시, ~(으)면: 말하면, ~(으)니: 말하니
examples:
- ko: "뭐라고 **말했어요**?"
en: What did you **say**?
@@ -478,12 +482,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-3-26.mp3
en: to understand
notes: |
<p>In order to say that you don't understand, it is common to use:</p>
<ul>
<li>저는 이해가 안 돼요 = I don't understand</li>
<li>저는 이해하지 못 하겠어요 = I don't understand</li>
</ul>
<p>~해: 이해해, ~ㄴ/은: 이해한, ~ㄴ/는다: 이해한다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 이해합니다, ~ㄹ/을: 이해할, ~니: 이해하니, ~ㅁ/음: 이해함, ~(으)려고: 이해하려고, ~(으)시: 이해하시, ~(으)면: 이해하면, ~(으)니: 이해하니</p>
In order to say that you don't understand, it is common to use:
* 저는 이해가 안 돼요 = I don't understand
* 저는 이해하지 못 하겠어요 = I don't understand
~해: 이해해, ~ㄴ/은: 이해한, ~ㄴ/는다: 이해한다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 이해합니다, ~ㄹ/을: 이해할, ~니: 이해하니, ~ㅁ/음: 이해함, ~(으)려고: 이해하려고, ~(으)시: 이해하시, ~(으)면: 이해하면, ~(으)니: 이해하니
examples:
- ko: 제 말을 **이해했어요**?
en: Did you **understand** what I said (my speaking?)
@@ -500,8 +503,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-3-27.mp3
en: to like
notes: |
<p>좋다 is an adjective that means "good." 좋아하다 is a verb that means "like." For more information, see Lesson 15.</p>
<p>~해: 좋아해, ~ㄴ/은: 좋아한, ~ㄴ/는다: 좋아한다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 좋아합니다, ~ㄹ/을: 좋아할, ~니: 좋아하니, ~ㅁ/음: 좋아함, ~(으)려고: 좋아하려고, ~(으)시: 좋아하시, ~(으)면: 좋아하면, ~(으)니: 좋아하니</p>
좋다 is an adjective that means "good." 좋아하다 is a verb that means "like." For more information, see Lesson 15.
~해: 좋아해, ~ㄴ/은: 좋아한, ~ㄴ/는다: 좋아한다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 좋아합니다, ~ㄹ/을: 좋아할, ~니: 좋아하니, ~ㅁ/음: 좋아함, ~(으)려고: 좋아하려고, ~(으)시: 좋아하시, ~(으)면: 좋아하면, ~(으)니: 좋아하니
examples:
- ko: 저는 우리 학교를 **좋아해요**
en: I **like** our school
@@ -525,9 +529,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-3-28.mp3
en: to be big
notes: |
<p>For more information on how to conjugate adjectives, see Lesson 4 and Lesson 5.</p>
<p>크다 follows the ㅡ irregular. See Lesson 7 for more information.</p>
<p>~아/어: 커, ~ㄴ/은: 큰, ~ㅂ/습니다: 큽니다, ~ㄹ/을: 클, ~니: 크니, ~ㅁ/음: 큼, ~(으)려고: 크려고, ~(으)시: 크시, ~(으)면: 크면, ~(으)니: 크니</p>
For more information on how to conjugate adjectives, see Lesson 4 and Lesson 5.
크다 follows the ㅡ irregular. See Lesson 7 for more information.
~아/어: 커, ~ㄴ/은: 큰, ~ㅂ/습니다: 큽니다, ~ㄹ/을: 클, ~니: 크니, ~ㅁ/음: 큼, ~(으)려고: 크려고, ~(으)시: 크시, ~(으)면: 크면, ~(으)니: 크니
examples:
- ko: 그 집은 아주 **커요**
en: That house is very **big**
@@ -538,8 +544,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-3-29.mp3
en: to be small
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "작따"</p>
<p>~아/어: 작아, ~ㄴ/은: 작은, ~ㅂ/습니다: 작습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 작을, ~니: 작으니, ~ㅁ/음: 작음, ~(으)려고: 작으려고, ~(으)시: 작으시, ~(으)면: 작으면, ~(으)니: 작으니</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "작따"
~아/어: 작아, ~ㄴ/은: 작은, ~ㅂ/습니다: 작습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 작을, ~니: 작으니, ~ㅁ/음: 작음, ~(으)려고: 작으려고, ~(으)시: 작으시, ~(으)면: 작으면, ~(으)니: 작으니
examples:
- ko: 저는 **작은** 집에서 살아요
en: I live in a **small** house
@@ -556,9 +563,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-3-30.mp3
en: to be new
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "새롭따"</p>
<p>새롭다 follows the ㅂ irregular. See Lesson 7 for more information.</p>
<p>~아/어: 새로워, ~ㄴ/은: 새로운, ~ㅂ/습니다: 새롭습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 새로울, ~니: 새로우니, ~ㅁ/음: 새로움, ~(으)려고: 새로우려고, ~(으)시: 새로우시, ~(으)면: 새로우면, ~(으)니: 새로우니</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "새롭따"
새롭다 follows the ㅂ irregular. See Lesson 7 for more information.
~아/어: 새로워, ~ㄴ/은: 새로운, ~ㅂ/습니다: 새롭습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 새로울, ~니: 새로우니, ~ㅁ/음: 새로움, ~(으)려고: 새로우려고, ~(으)시: 새로우시, ~(으)면: 새로우면, ~(으)니: 새로우니
examples:
- ko: 저는 **새로운** 차를 샀어요
en: I bought a **new** car
@@ -579,9 +588,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-3-31.mp3
en: to be old (not age)
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "낙따"</p>
<p>This word is not used to describe a person, only an object. Instead, it describes that something is old/worn down. To describe a person you should use 늙다. To describe something that is old (but still nice, like a historical building), you should use 오래되다.</p>
<p>~아/어: 낡아, ~ㄴ/은: 낡은, ~ㅂ/습니다: 낡습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 낡을, ~니: 낡으니, ~ㅁ/음: 낡음, ~(으)려고: 낡으려고, ~(으)시: 낡으시, ~(으)면: 낡으면, ~(으)니: 낡으니</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "낙따"
This word is not used to describe a person, only an object. Instead, it describes that something is old/worn down. To describe a person you should use 늙다. To describe something that is old (but still nice, like a historical building), you should use 오래되다.
~아/어: 낡아, ~ㄴ/은: 낡은, ~ㅂ/습니다: 낡습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 낡을, ~니: 낡으니, ~ㅁ/음: 낡음, ~(으)려고: 낡으려고, ~(으)시: 낡으시, ~(으)면: 낡으면, ~(으)니: 낡으니
examples:
- ko: 이 학교 건물은 매우 **낡아요**
en: This school's building is very **old**
@@ -592,7 +603,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-3-32.mp3
en: to be expensive
notes: |
<p>~아/어: 비싸, ~ㄴ/은: 비싼, ~ㅂ/습니다: 비쌉니다, ~ㄹ/을: 비쌀, ~니: 비싸니, ~ㅁ/음: 비쌈, ~(으)려고: 비싸려고, ~(으)시: 비싸시, ~(으)면: 비싸면, ~(으)니: 비싸니</p>
~아/어: 비싸, ~ㄴ/은: 비싼, ~ㅂ/습니다: 비쌉니다, ~ㄹ/을: 비쌀, ~니: 비싸니, ~ㅁ/음: 비쌈, ~(으)려고: 비싸려고, ~(으)시: 비싸시, ~(으)면: 비싸면, ~(으)니: 비싸니
examples:
- ko: 이것은 너무 **비싸요**
en: This (thing) is too **expensive**
@@ -603,7 +614,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-3-33.mp3
en: to not be expensive, to be cheap
notes: |
<p>~아/어: 싸, ~ㄴ/은: 싼, ~ㅂ/습니다: 쌉니다, ~ㄹ/을: 쌀, ~니: 싸니, ~ㅁ/음: 쌈, ~(으)려고: 싸려고, ~(으)시: 싸시, ~(으)면: 싸면, ~(으)니: 싸니</p>
~아/어: 싸, ~ㄴ/은: 싼, ~ㅂ/습니다: 쌉니다, ~ㄹ/을: 쌀, ~니: 싸니, ~ㅁ/음: 쌈, ~(으)려고: 싸려고, ~(으)시: 싸시, ~(으)면: 싸면, ~(으)니: 싸니
examples:
- ko: 이 가게는 **싼** 음식을 팔아요
en: this store sells **cheap/inexpensive** food
@@ -612,9 +623,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-3-34.mp3
en: to be beautiful
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "아름답따"</p>
<p>아름답다 follows the ㅂ irregular. See Lesson 7 for more information.</p>
<p>~아/어: 아름다워, ~ㄴ/은: 아름다운, ~ㅂ/습니다: 아름답습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 아름다울, ~니: 아름다우니, ~ㅁ/음: 아름다움, ~(으)려고: 아름다우려고, ~(으)시: 아름다우시, ~(으)면: 아름다우면, ~(으)니: 아름다우니</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "아름답따"
아름답다 follows the ㅂ irregular. See Lesson 7 for more information.
~아/어: 아름다워, ~ㄴ/은: 아름다운, ~ㅂ/습니다: 아름답습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 아름다울, ~니: 아름다우니, ~ㅁ/음: 아름다움, ~(으)려고: 아름다우려고, ~(으)시: 아름다우시, ~(으)면: 아름다우면, ~(으)니: 아름다우니
examples:
- ko: 그 여자가 너무 **아름다워요**
en: That girl is very **beautiful**
@@ -627,7 +640,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-3-35.mp3
en: to be fat, to be chubby
notes: |
<p>~해: 뚱뚱해, ~ㄴ/은: 뚱뚱한, ~ㅂ/습니다: 뚱뚱합니다, ~ㄹ/을: 뚱뚱할, ~니: 뚱뚱하니, ~ㅁ/음: 뚱뚱함, ~(으)려고: 뚱뚱하려고, ~(으)시: 뚱뚱하시, ~(으)면: 뚱뚱하면, ~(으)니: 뚱뚱하니</p>
~해: 뚱뚱해, ~ㄴ/은: 뚱뚱한, ~ㅂ/습니다: 뚱뚱합니다, ~ㄹ/을: 뚱뚱할, ~니: 뚱뚱하니, ~ㅁ/음: 뚱뚱함, ~(으)려고: 뚱뚱하려고, ~(으)시: 뚱뚱하시, ~(으)면: 뚱뚱하면, ~(으)니: 뚱뚱하니
examples:
- ko: 그 사람은 너무 **뚱뚱해요**
en: That person is very **fat**
@@ -638,8 +651,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-3-36.mp3
en: to be long
notes: |
<p>길다 follows the ㄹ irregular. See Lesson 7 for more information.</p>
<p>~아/어: 길어, ~ㄴ/은: 긴, ~ㅂ/습니다: 깁니다, ~ㄹ/을: 길, ~니: 기니, ~ㅁ/음: 김, ~(으)려고: 길려고, ~(으)시: 기시, ~(으)면: 길면, ~(으)니: 기니</p>
길다 follows the ㄹ irregular. See Lesson 7 for more information.
~아/어: 길어, ~ㄴ/은: 긴, ~ㅂ/습니다: 깁니다, ~ㄹ/을: 길, ~니: 기니, ~ㅁ/음: 김, ~(으)려고: 길려고, ~(으)시: 기시, ~(으)면: 길면, ~(으)니: 기니
examples:
- ko: 저 여자의 머리는 **길어요**
en: That girl's hair is **long**
@@ -654,9 +668,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-3-37.mp3
en: to be good
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "조타"</p>
<p>Although this translates to "good," it is often used to say that one "likes" something. The grammar for this is taught in Lesson 15.</p>
<p>~아/어: 좋아, ~ㄴ/은: 좋은, ~ㅂ/습니다: 좋습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 좋을, ~니: 좋으니, ~ㅁ/음: 좋음, ~(으)려고: 좋으려고, ~(으)시: 좋으시, ~(으)면: 좋으면, ~(으)니: 좋으니</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "조타"
Although this translates to "good," it is often used to say that one "likes" something. The grammar for this is taught in Lesson 15.
~아/어: 좋아, ~ㄴ/은: 좋은, ~ㅂ/습니다: 좋습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 좋을, ~니: 좋으니, ~ㅁ/음: 좋음, ~(으)려고: 좋으려고, ~(으)시: 좋으시, ~(으)면: 좋으면, ~(으)니: 좋으니
examples:
- ko: 우리 학교는 매우 **좋아요**
en: Our school is very **good**
@@ -698,8 +714,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-3-40.mp3
en: too (often used to mean 'very')
notes: |
<p>Though 너무 means "too," it has gotten to the point in society where Korean people use "너무" to mean "very" as well (especially with the younger generation). Whereas "too" should indicate a negative meaning, 너무 can indicate both a positive and negative meaning.</p>
<p>For example, saying "이것은 너무 맛있어요" would not translate to "this is too delicious" but instead "this is very/so delicious."</p>
Though 너무 means "too," it has gotten to the point in society where Korean people use "너무" to mean "very" as well (especially with the younger generation). Whereas "too" should indicate a negative meaning, 너무 can indicate both a positive and negative meaning.
For example, saying "이것은 너무 맛있어요" would not translate to "this is too delicious" but instead "this is very/so delicious."
examples:
- ko: 저는 가끔 **너무** 많이 먹어요
en: I eat too much sometimes
docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/04-adjectives.md
+82 -52
View File
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-1.mp3
en: street
notes: |
<p>This is also used to indicate that somebody is "on the way" somewhere. For example: 저는 집에 가는 길이에요 = I am on my way home. This grammar is taught in Lesson 113.</p>
This is also used to indicate that somebody is "on the way" somewhere. For example: 저는 집에 가는 길이에요 = I am on my way home. This grammar is taught in Lesson 113.
examples:
- ko: 이 **길**에서 오른 쪽으로 가세요
en: Turn right at this **street**
@@ -92,8 +92,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-9.mp3
en: bus stop
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "버스 정뉴장"</p>
<p>This refers to the bus stop for a public transportation style city bus. For inter-city buses, the word "버스 터미널" (bus terminal) is more frequently used.</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "버스 정뉴장"
This refers to the bus stop for a public transportation style city bus. For inter-city buses, the word "버스 터미널" (bus terminal) is more frequently used.
examples:
- ko: "**버스 정류장**에서 버스를 타야 돼요"
en: You must get on the bus at the **bus station**
@@ -117,8 +118,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-11.mp3
en: bicycle
notes: |
<p>This word appears in my Korean Sign Explanation [Video #6]</p>
<p><YouTube id="xhkKiuEMcks" /></p>
This word appears in my Korean Sign Explanation [Video #6]
<YouTube id="xhkKiuEMcks" />
examples:
- ko: 저는 **자전거**를 타는 것이 너무 좋아요
en: I like riding **bicycles**
@@ -268,7 +270,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-20.mp3
en: taste
notes: |
<p>맛 and 있다 come together to make "delicious" but this literally means "to have taste." Likewise, the direct translation for "맛없다" or (맛이 없다) is "to have no taste"</p>
맛 and 있다 come together to make "delicious" but this literally means "to have taste." Likewise, the direct translation for "맛없다" or (맛이 없다) is "to have no taste"
examples:
- ko: "**맛**이 조금 이상해요"
en: The **taste** is a little bit strange
@@ -368,7 +370,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-26.mp3
en: to come
notes: |
<p>~아/어: 와, ~ㄴ/은: 온, ~ㄴ/는다: 온다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 옵니다, ~ㄹ/을: 올, ~니: 오니, ~ㅁ/음: 옴, ~(으)려고: 오려고, ~(으)시: 오시, ~(으)면: 오면, ~(으)니: 오니</p>
~아/어: 와, ~ㄴ/은: 온, ~ㄴ/는다: 온다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 옵니다, ~ㄹ/을: 올, ~니: 오니, ~ㅁ/음: 옴, ~(으)려고: 오려고, ~(으)시: 오시, ~(으)면: 오면, ~(으)니: 오니
examples:
- ko: 그 사람은 미국에서 **왔어요**
en: That person **came** from the United States
@@ -391,9 +393,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-27.mp3
en: to finish
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "끈내다"</p>
<p>It is often more common to use the passive form (끝나다) to indicate that you finished something. For example: "일이 끝났어요" = "The work is finished (which implies that you finished the work)". The grammar for this is talked about in Lesson 14.</p>
<p>~아/어: 끝내, ~ㄴ/은: 끝낸, ~ㄴ/는다: 끝낸다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 끝냅니다, ~ㄹ/을: 끝낼, ~니: 끝내니, ~ㅁ/음: 끝냄, ~(으)려고: 끝내려고, ~(으)시: 끝내시, ~(으)면: 끝내면, ~(으)니: 끝내니</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "끈내다"
It is often more common to use the passive form (끝나다) to indicate that you finished something. For example: "일이 끝났어요" = "The work is finished (which implies that you finished the work)". The grammar for this is talked about in Lesson 14.
~아/어: 끝내, ~ㄴ/은: 끝낸, ~ㄴ/는다: 끝낸다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 끝냅니다, ~ㄹ/을: 끝낼, ~니: 끝내니, ~ㅁ/음: 끝냄, ~(으)려고: 끝내려고, ~(으)시: 끝내시, ~(으)면: 끝내면, ~(으)니: 끝내니
examples:
- ko: 저는 저의 숙제를 **끝냈어요**
en: I **finished** my homework
@@ -408,8 +412,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-28.mp3
en: to dance
notes: |
<p>The word "춤" is the noun "dance," as in "a dance." Coupled with the verb "추다" is means "to dance."</p>
<p>~아/어: 춤춰, ~ㄴ/은: 춤춘, ~ㄴ/는다: 춤춘다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 춤춥니다, ~ㄹ/을: 춤출, ~니: 춤추니, ~ㅁ/음: 춤춤, ~(으)려고: 춤추려고, ~(으)시: 춤추시, ~(으)면: 춤추면, ~(으)니: 춤추니</p>
The word "춤" is the noun "dance," as in "a dance." Coupled with the verb "추다" is means "to dance."
~아/어: 춤춰, ~ㄴ/은: 춤춘, ~ㄴ/는다: 춤춘다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 춤춥니다, ~ㄹ/을: 춤출, ~니: 춤추니, ~ㅁ/음: 춤춤, ~(으)려고: 춤추려고, ~(으)시: 춤추시, ~(으)면: 춤추면, ~(으)니: 춤추니
examples:
- ko: 저는 **춤추**는 것이 좋아요
en: I like **dancing**
@@ -418,8 +423,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-29.mp3
en: to know
notes: |
<p>알다 follows the ㄹ irregular. See Lesson 7 for more information.</p>
<p>~아/어: 알아, ~ㄴ/은: 안, ~ㄴ/는다: 안다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 압니다, ~ㄹ/을: 알, ~니: 아니, ~ㅁ/음: 앎, ~(으)려고: 알려고, ~(으)시: 아시, ~(으)면: 알면, ~(으)니: 아니</p>
알다 follows the ㄹ irregular. See Lesson 7 for more information.
~아/어: 알아, ~ㄴ/은: 안, ~ㄴ/는다: 안다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 압니다, ~ㄹ/을: 알, ~니: 아니, ~ㅁ/음: 앎, ~(으)려고: 알려고, ~(으)시: 아시, ~(으)면: 알면, ~(으)니: 아니
examples:
- ko: 저는 그 사람을 **알아요**
en: I **know** that person
@@ -446,9 +452,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-30.mp3
en: to walk
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "걷따"</p>
<p>걷다 follows the ㄷ irregular. See Lesson 7 for more information.</p>
<p>~아/어: 걸어, ~ㄴ/은: 걸은, ~ㄴ/는다: 걷는다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 걷습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 걸을, ~니: 걷니, ~ㅁ/음: 걸음, ~(으)려고: 걸으려고, ~(으)시: 걸으시, ~(으)면: 걸으면, ~(으)니: 걸으니</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "걷따"
걷다 follows the ㄷ irregular. See Lesson 7 for more information.
~아/어: 걸어, ~ㄴ/은: 걸은, ~ㄴ/는다: 걷는다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 걷습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 걸을, ~니: 걷니, ~ㅁ/음: 걸음, ~(으)려고: 걸으려고, ~(으)시: 걸으시, ~(으)면: 걸으면, ~(으)니: 걸으니
examples:
- ko: 우리는 집에 **걸어**왔어요
en: We **walked** home
@@ -473,7 +481,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-31.mp3
en: to learn
notes: |
<p>~아/어: 배워, ~ㄴ/은: 배운, ~ㄴ/는다: 배운다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 배웁니다, ~ㄹ/을: 배울, ~니: 배우니, ~ㅁ/음: 배움, ~(으)려고: 배우려고, ~(으)시: 배우시, ~(으)면: 배우면, ~(으)니: 배우니</p>
~아/어: 배워, ~ㄴ/은: 배운, ~ㄴ/는다: 배운다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 배웁니다, ~ㄹ/을: 배울, ~니: 배우니, ~ㅁ/음: 배움, ~(으)려고: 배우려고, ~(으)시: 배우시, ~(으)면: 배우면, ~(으)니: 배우니
examples:
- ko: "한국어를 언제부터 **배웠어요**?"
en: Since when did you **learn** Korean?
@@ -504,9 +512,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-33.mp3
en: to think
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "생가카다"</p>
<p>The noun form of this word translates to "a thought" or "an idea."</p>
<p>Typically the grammatical principle ~ㄴ/다고 precedes 생각하다 as if it is a quoted sentence. For more information, visit Lesson 52.</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "생가카다"
The noun form of this word translates to "a thought" or "an idea."
Typically the grammatical principle ~ㄴ/다고 precedes 생각하다 as if it is a quoted sentence. For more information, visit Lesson 52.
examples:
- ko: 저도 그렇게 **생각해요**
en: I **think** that way as well
@@ -525,9 +535,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-34.mp3
en: to live
notes: |
<p>살다 follows the ㄹ irregular. See Lesson 7 for more information.</p>
<p>In order to say that you live in a place, it is acceptable to use "살고 있다." For example: 저는 한국에서 살고 있어요. Note that this directly translates to "I am living in Korea", whereas is English we would most likely say "I live in Korea." See Lesson 18.</p>
<p>~아/어: 살아, ~ㄴ/은: 산, ~ㄴ/는다: 산다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 삽니다, ~ㄹ/을: 살, ~니: 사니, ~ㅁ/음: 삼, ~(으)려고: 살려고, ~(으)시: 사시, ~(으)면: 살면, ~(으)니: 사니</p>
살다 follows the ㄹ irregular. See Lesson 7 for more information.
In order to say that you live in a place, it is acceptable to use "살고 있다." For example: 저는 한국에서 살고 있어요. Note that this directly translates to "I am living in Korea", whereas is English we would most likely say "I live in Korea." See Lesson 18.
~아/어: 살아, ~ㄴ/은: 산, ~ㄴ/는다: 산다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 삽니다, ~ㄹ/을: 살, ~니: 사니, ~ㅁ/음: 삼, ~(으)려고: 살려고, ~(으)시: 사시, ~(으)면: 살면, ~(으)니: 사니
examples:
- ko: 저는 서울에서 **살**고 있어요
en: I **live** in Seoul
@@ -551,9 +563,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-35.mp3
en: to be finished
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "끈나다"</p>
<p>This is the first passive verb you have come across. For more information on passive verbs, visit Lesson 14.</p>
<p>~아/어: 끝나, ~ㄴ/은: 끝난, ~ㄴ/는다: 끝난다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 끝납니다, ~ㄹ/을: 끝날, ~니: 끝나니, ~ㅁ/음: 끝남, ~(으)려고: 끝나려고, ~(으)시: 끝나시, ~(으)면: 끝나면, ~(으)니: 끝나니</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "끈나다"
This is the first passive verb you have come across. For more information on passive verbs, visit Lesson 14.
~아/어: 끝나, ~ㄴ/은: 끝난, ~ㄴ/는다: 끝난다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 끝납니다, ~ㄹ/을: 끝날, ~니: 끝나니, ~ㅁ/음: 끝남, ~(으)려고: 끝나려고, ~(으)시: 끝나시, ~(으)면: 끝나면, ~(으)니: 끝나니
examples:
- ko: 이 콘서트가 벌써 **끝났어요**?
en: Is the concert already **finished?**
@@ -581,8 +595,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-37.mp3
en: to be handsome
notes: |
<p>A composition of the adverb 잘 (well) and the verb 생기다 (to look like), which means it gets conjugated as a verb. It typically conjugates to the past tense (잘생겼다) even when talking about the present tense.</p>
<p>~아/어: 잘생겨, ~ㄴ/은: 잘생긴, ~ㄴ/는다: 잘생긴다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 잘생깁니다, ~ㄹ/을: 잘생길, ~니: 잘생기니, ~ㅁ/음: 잘생김, ~(으)려고: 잘생기려고, ~(으)시: 잘생기시, ~(으)면: 잘생기면, ~(으)니: 잘생기니</p>
A composition of the adverb 잘 (well) and the verb 생기다 (to look like), which means it gets conjugated as a verb. It typically conjugates to the past tense (잘생겼다) even when talking about the present tense.
~아/어: 잘생겨, ~ㄴ/은: 잘생긴, ~ㄴ/는다: 잘생긴다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 잘생깁니다, ~ㄹ/을: 잘생길, ~니: 잘생기니, ~ㅁ/음: 잘생김, ~(으)려고: 잘생기려고, ~(으)시: 잘생기시, ~(으)면: 잘생기면, ~(으)니: 잘생기니
examples:
- ko: 그 남자는 너무 **잘생겼어요**
en: That man is very **handsome**
@@ -599,9 +614,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-38.mp3
en: to be ugly
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "몯쌩기다"</p>
<p>A composition of the adverb 못 (not well, poorly) and the verb 생기다. Like 잘생기다, it is conjugated as a verb in the past tense.</p>
<p>~아/어: 못생겨, ~ㄴ/은: 못생긴, ~ㄴ/는다: 못생긴다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 못생깁니다, ~ㄹ/을: 못생길, ~니: 못생기니, ~ㅁ/음: 못생김, ~(으)려고: 못생기려고, ~(으)시: 못생기시, ~(으)면: 못생기면, ~(으)니: 못생기니</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "몯쌩기다"
A composition of the adverb 못 (not well, poorly) and the verb 생기다. Like 잘생기다, it is conjugated as a verb in the past tense.
~아/어: 못생겨, ~ㄴ/은: 못생긴, ~ㄴ/는다: 못생긴다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 못생깁니다, ~ㄹ/을: 못생길, ~니: 못생기니, ~ㅁ/음: 못생김, ~(으)려고: 못생기려고, ~(으)시: 못생기시, ~(으)면: 못생기면, ~(으)니: 못생기니
examples:
- ko: 그 남자는 너무 **못생겼어요**
en: That man is very **ugly**
@@ -626,9 +643,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-40.mp3
en: to be different
notes: |
<p>다르다 follows the 르 irregular. See Lesson 7 for more information.</p>
<p>When saying something is different "from" something, 와/과/랑/이랑 must be attached to the noun that is being compared. See Lesson 15 for more information.</p>
<p>~아/어: 달라, ~ㄴ/은: 다른, ~ㅂ/습니다: 다릅니다, ~ㄹ/을: 다를, ~니: 다르니, ~ㅁ/음: 다름, ~(으)려고: 다르려고, ~(으)시: 다르시, ~(으)면: 다르면, ~(으)니: 다르니</p>
다르다 follows the 르 irregular. See Lesson 7 for more information.
When saying something is different "from" something, 와/과/랑/이랑 must be attached to the noun that is being compared. See Lesson 15 for more information.
~아/어: 달라, ~ㄴ/은: 다른, ~ㅂ/습니다: 다릅니다, ~ㄹ/을: 다를, ~니: 다르니, ~ㅁ/음: 다름, ~(으)려고: 다르려고, ~(으)시: 다르시, ~(으)면: 다르면, ~(으)니: 다르니
examples:
- ko: 저는 **다른** 영화를 보고 싶어요
en: I want to see a **different** movie
@@ -649,8 +668,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-41.mp3
en: to be sad
notes: |
<p>슬프다 follows the ㅡ irregular. See Lesson 7 for more information.</p>
<p>~아/어: 슬퍼, ~ㄴ/은: 슬픈, ~ㅂ/습니다: 슬픕니다, ~ㄹ/을: 슬플, ~니: 슬프니, ~ㅁ/음: 슬픔, ~(으)려고: 슬프려고, ~(으)시: 슬프시, ~(으)면: 슬프면, ~(으)니: 슬프니</p>
슬프다 follows the ㅡ irregular. See Lesson 7 for more information.
~아/어: 슬퍼, ~ㄴ/은: 슬픈, ~ㅂ/습니다: 슬픕니다, ~ㄹ/을: 슬플, ~니: 슬프니, ~ㅁ/음: 슬픔, ~(으)려고: 슬프려고, ~(으)시: 슬프시, ~(으)면: 슬프면, ~(으)니: 슬프니
examples:
- ko: 우리 할아버지가 죽어서 저는 너무 **슬퍼요**
en: I am very **sad** because my grandfather died
@@ -663,9 +683,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-42.mp3
en: to be delicious
notes: |
<p>Although technically a combination of the noun "맛" (taste) and "있다" (to have) 맛있다 is officially seen as one word (literally meaning "to have taste") and the pronunciation of ㅅ in "맛" is transferred to the next syllable. This makes the entire word sound like "마싣따."</p>
<p>Conversely, 맛없다, which means "to not be delicious," is officially seen as two words (literally meaning "to not have taste"). As such, the pronunciation of ㅅ in "맛" is usually not transferred to the next syllable and the entire word sounds like "마덥따"</p>
<p>~아/어: 맛있어, ~ㄴ/은: 맛있는, ~ㅂ/습니다: 맛있습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 맛있을, ~니: 맛있니, ~ㅁ/음: 맛있음, ~(으)려고: 맛있으려고, ~(으)시: 맛있으시, ~(으)면: 맛있으면, ~(으)니: 맛있으니</p>
Although technically a combination of the noun "맛" (taste) and "있다" (to have) 맛있다 is officially seen as one word (literally meaning "to have taste") and the pronunciation of ㅅ in "맛" is transferred to the next syllable. This makes the entire word sound like "마싣따."
Conversely, 맛없다, which means "to not be delicious," is officially seen as two words (literally meaning "to not have taste"). As such, the pronunciation of ㅅ in "맛" is usually not transferred to the next syllable and the entire word sounds like "마덥따"
~아/어: 맛있어, ~ㄴ/은: 맛있는, ~ㅂ/습니다: 맛있습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 맛있을, ~니: 맛있니, ~ㅁ/음: 맛있음, ~(으)려고: 맛있으려고, ~(으)시: 맛있으시, ~(으)면: 맛있으면, ~(으)니: 맛있으니
examples:
- ko: "**맛있는** 것을 먹고 싶어요"
en: I want to eat something **delicious**
@@ -680,9 +702,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-43.mp3
en: to be fun, to be funny
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "재미읻따"</p>
<p>Like the word "맛있다," 재미있다 is made up of "재미" and "있다" (to have). Therefore, even though 재미있다 is an adjective (funny), it is conjugated like 있다.</p>
<p>~아/어: 재미있어, ~ㄴ/은: 재미있는, ~ㅂ/습니다: 재미있습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 재미있을, ~니: 재미있니, ~ㅁ/음: 재미있음, ~(으)려고: 재미있으려고, ~(으)시: 재미있으시, ~(으)면: 재미있으면, ~(으)니: 재미있으니</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "재미읻따"
Like the word "맛있다," 재미있다 is made up of "재미" and "있다" (to have). Therefore, even though 재미있다 is an adjective (funny), it is conjugated like 있다.
~아/어: 재미있어, ~ㄴ/은: 재미있는, ~ㅂ/습니다: 재미있습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 재미있을, ~니: 재미있니, ~ㅁ/음: 재미있음, ~(으)려고: 재미있으려고, ~(으)시: 재미있으시, ~(으)면: 재미있으면, ~(으)니: 재미있으니
examples:
- ko: 그 영화가 너무 **재미있었어요**
en: That movie was very **funny**
@@ -699,11 +723,15 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-44.mp3
en: to be many of, to be a lot of
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "만타"</p>
<p>An adjective that means "many," 많다 can be placed before a noun to describe it. For example: 많은 사람은 저를 좋아해요 (many people like me)</p>
<p>However, 많다 is more naturally used by using the ~는 것 principle. For example: "저를 좋아하는 사람은 많아요" (literally: there are many people who like me)</p>
<p>The ~는 것 principle is very difficult to describe, and is talked about in detail from Lessons 26 to 33.</p>
<p>~아/어: 많아, ~ㄴ/은: 많은, ~ㅂ/습니다: 많습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 많을, ~니: 많으니, ~ㅁ/음: 많음, ~(으)려고: 많으려고, ~(으)시: 많으시, ~(으)면: 많으면, ~(으)니: 많으니</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "만타"
An adjective that means "many," 많다 can be placed before a noun to describe it. For example: 많은 사람은 저를 좋아해요 (many people like me)
However, 많다 is more naturally used by using the ~는 것 principle. For example: "저를 좋아하는 사람은 많아요" (literally: there are many people who like me)
The ~는 것 principle is very difficult to describe, and is talked about in detail from Lessons 26 to 33.
~아/어: 많아, ~ㄴ/은: 많은, ~ㅂ/습니다: 많습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 많을, ~니: 많으니, ~ㅁ/음: 많음, ~(으)려고: 많으려고, ~(으)시: 많으시, ~(으)면: 많으면, ~(으)니: 많으니
examples:
- ko: 그 회사에서 일하는 사람은 **많아요**
en: There are **many** people who work at that company.
@@ -741,8 +769,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-46.mp3
en: there
notes: |
<p>The difference between "그" and "저" is the same as the difference between "거기" and "저기." "거기" is used when referring to a place that has already been mentioned, and "저기" is used when you are referring to a place that is farther away than "여기."</p>
<p>거기 and ~에세 form to make "거기서".</p>
The difference between "그" and "저" is the same as the difference between "거기" and "저기." "거기" is used when referring to a place that has already been mentioned, and "저기" is used when you are referring to a place that is farther away than "여기."
거기 and ~에세 form to make "거기서".
examples:
- ko: "**거기**서 언제부터 살았어요?"
en: Since when did you live **there**?
@@ -761,8 +790,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-4-47.mp3
en: there (when farther away)
notes: |
<p>저기 and ~에서 form to make "저기서"</p>
<p>When trying to get the attention of somebody – for example, when you want to order something at a restaurant – it is common to say "저기요!" For example: "저기요! 지금 주문할게요!" = "Excuse me! We would like to order now!"</p>
저기 and ~에서 form to make "저기서"
When trying to get the attention of somebody – for example, when you want to order something at a restaurant – it is common to say "저기요!" For example: "저기요! 지금 주문할게요!" = "Excuse me! We would like to order now!"
examples:
- ko: "**저기**까지 걷자!"
en: Let's walk that far/Let's walk as far as **there**
docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/05-tenses.md
+64 -45
View File
@@ -5,13 +5,12 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-5-s1.mp3
en: younger sibling
notes: |
<p>While technically this word means "younger sibling" Korean will refer to a close friend (who is younger than them) using this word. This often leads to dialogues like this:</p>
<ul>
<li>Korean person: "Hey! This is my 동생!"</li>
<li>Me: "Really?"</li>
<li>Korean person: "No, not really."</li>
</ul>
<p>To distinguish that somebody is actually related to you by blood, they use the word "친동생"</p>
While technically this word means "younger sibling" Korean will refer to a close friend (who is younger than them) using this word. This often leads to dialogues like this:
* Korean person: "Hey! This is my 동생!"
* Me: "Really?"
* Korean person: "No, not really."
To distinguish that somebody is actually related to you by blood, they use the word "친동생"
examples:
- ko: 저 사람은 저의 **동생**이에요
en: That person is my **younger sibling**
@@ -122,7 +121,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-5-8.mp3
en: older man not related to you
notes: |
<p>This word is used to refer to an older man whom you don't know. More broadly, it can be applied to the position that men have, for example "버스 아저씨" for "bus driver" or "택시 아저씨" for "taxi driver."</p>
This word is used to refer to an older man whom you don't know. More broadly, it can be applied to the position that men have, for example "버스 아저씨" for "bus driver" or "택시 아저씨" for "taxi driver."
examples:
- ko: "**아저씨**! 앉으세요!"
en: "**Sir**, please sit down"
@@ -142,8 +141,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-5-10.mp3
en: grandfather
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "하라버지"</p>
<p>You can use this word to refer to anybody who looks the age of a grandfather, not just your own grandfather.</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "하라버지"
You can use this word to refer to anybody who looks the age of a grandfather, not just your own grandfather.
examples:
- ko: 우리 **할아버지**는 한국전쟁에서 싸웠어요
en: Our **grandfather** fought in the Korean war
@@ -309,8 +309,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-5-23.mp3
en: to expect
notes: |
<p>The noun form of this word translates to "expectation"</p>
<p>The passive version of this word (기대되다) is commonly used to say that one is excited for something to happen. For more information on passive verbs, see Lesson 14.</p>
The noun form of this word translates to "expectation"
The passive version of this word (기대되다) is commonly used to say that one is excited for something to happen. For more information on passive verbs, see Lesson 14.
examples:
- ko: 선생님이 3시에 올 것을 **기대했어요**
en: I **expected** the teacher to come at 3:00
@@ -319,7 +320,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-5-24.mp3
en: to cross (a road/etc)
notes: |
<p>~아/어: 건너, ~ㄴ/은: 건넌, ~ㄴ/는다: 건넌다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 건넙니다, ~ㄹ/을: 건널, ~니: 건너니, ~ㅁ/음: 건넘, ~(으)려고: 건너려고, ~(으)시: 건너시, ~(으)면: 건너면, ~(으)니: 건너니</p>
~아/어: 건너, ~ㄴ/은: 건넌, ~ㄴ/는다: 건넌다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 건넙니다, ~ㄹ/을: 건널, ~니: 건너니, ~ㅁ/음: 건넘, ~(으)려고: 건너려고, ~(으)시: 건너시, ~(으)면: 건너면, ~(으)니: 건너니
examples:
- ko: 빨리 **건너자**!
en: Quick! Let's **cross**!
@@ -330,9 +331,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-5-25.mp3
en: to throw
notes: |
<p>This word appears in my Korean Sign Explanation Video #1.</p>
<p><YouTube id="5oqbDZymdBM" /></p>
<p>~아/어: 던져, ~ㄴ/은: 던진, ~ㄴ/는다: 던진다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 던집니다, ~ㄹ/을: 던질, ~니: 던지니, ~ㅁ/음: 던짐, ~(으)려고: 던지려고, ~(으)시: 던지시, ~(으)면: 던지면, ~(으)니: 던지니</p>
This word appears in my Korean Sign Explanation Video #1.
<YouTube id="5oqbDZymdBM" />
~아/어: 던져, ~ㄴ/은: 던진, ~ㄴ/는다: 던진다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 던집니다, ~ㄹ/을: 던질, ~니: 던지니, ~ㅁ/음: 던짐, ~(으)려고: 던지려고, ~(으)시: 던지시, ~(으)면: 던지면, ~(으)니: 던지니
examples:
- ko: 수업시간 동안 종이를 **던지**지 마세요
en: During class, don't **throw** paper please
@@ -343,8 +346,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-5-27.mp3
en: to not like
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "시러하다"</p>
<p>싫다 is an adjective that means "not good." 싫어하다 is a verb. Therefore, ~을/를 should be attached to the object in the sentence that one does not like.</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "시러하다"
싫다 is an adjective that means "not good." 싫어하다 is a verb. Therefore, ~을/를 should be attached to the object in the sentence that one does not like.
examples:
- ko: 저는 그 사람을 **싫어해요**
en: I **don't like** that person
@@ -363,8 +367,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-5-28.mp3
en: to leave somewhere
notes: |
<p>This word is usually only used if you are leaving something forever or for a very long time. If you want to say that you left your house (and are returning), you should use the words "출발하다" (to depart) or "나가다" (to go out).</p>
<p>~아/어: 떠나, ~ㄴ/은: 떠난, ~ㄴ/는다: 떠난다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 떠납니다, ~ㄹ/을: 떠날, ~니: 떠나니, ~ㅁ/음: 떠남, ~(으)려고: 떠나려고, ~(으)시: 떠나시, ~(으)면: 떠나면, ~(으)니: 떠나니</p>
This word is usually only used if you are leaving something forever or for a very long time. If you want to say that you left your house (and are returning), you should use the words "출발하다" (to depart) or "나가다" (to go out).
~아/어: 떠나, ~ㄴ/은: 떠난, ~ㄴ/는다: 떠난다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 떠납니다, ~ㄹ/을: 떠날, ~니: 떠나니, ~ㅁ/음: 떠남, ~(으)려고: 떠나려고, ~(으)시: 떠나시, ~(으)면: 떠나면, ~(으)니: 떠나니
examples:
- ko: "한국은 언제 **떠났어요**?"
en: When did you **leave** Korea?
@@ -401,7 +406,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-5-30.mp3
en: to be boring
notes: |
<p>In English we use similar words to describe that one is bored, and that something is boring. However, in Korean, these are separate words. If you are bored, you can use "심심하다." If something is boring (and thus, making you bored), you can use "지루하다"</p>
In English we use similar words to describe that one is bored, and that something is boring. However, in Korean, these are separate words. If you are bored, you can use "심심하다." If something is boring (and thus, making you bored), you can use "지루하다"
examples:
- ko: 수업은 매우 **지루해요**
en: Class is so **boring**
@@ -410,10 +415,13 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-5-31.mp3
en: for a person to be too thin
notes: |
<p>마르다 follows the 르 Irregular. See Lesson 7 for more information.</p>
<p>This is usually used in a negative way.</p>
<p>If you are telling somebody that they look (too) thin, this is usually used in the past tense. For example: 형! 너무 말랐어! = (Brother!) You look so thin!</p>
<p>~아/어: 말라, ~ㄴ/은: 마른, ~ㅂ/습니다: 마릅니다, ~ㄹ/을: 마를, ~니: 마르니, ~ㅁ/음: 마름, ~(으)려고: 마르려고, ~(으)시: 마르시, ~(으)면: 마르면, ~(으)니: 마르니</p>
마르다 follows the 르 Irregular. See Lesson 7 for more information.
This is usually used in a negative way.
If you are telling somebody that they look (too) thin, this is usually used in the past tense. For example: 형! 너무 말랐어! = (Brother!) You look so thin!
~아/어: 말라, ~ㄴ/은: 마른, ~ㅂ/습니다: 마릅니다, ~ㄹ/을: 마를, ~니: 마르니, ~ㅁ/음: 마름, ~(으)려고: 마르려고, ~(으)시: 마르시, ~(으)면: 마르면, ~(으)니: 마르니
examples:
- ko: 보통 모델들은 **말라요**
en: Models are usually **thin**
@@ -422,8 +430,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-5-33.mp3
en: to be far away
notes: |
<p>멀다 follows the ㄹ Irregular. See Lesson 7 for more information.</p>
<p>~아/어: 멀어, ~ㄴ/은: 먼, ~ㅂ/습니다: 멉니다, ~ㄹ/을: 멀, ~니: 머니, ~ㅁ/음: 멂, ~(으)려고: 멀려고, ~(으)시: 머시, ~(으)면: 멀면, ~(으)니: 머니</p>
멀다 follows the ㄹ Irregular. See Lesson 7 for more information.
~아/어: 멀어, ~ㄴ/은: 먼, ~ㅂ/습니다: 멉니다, ~ㄹ/을: 멀, ~니: 머니, ~ㅁ/음: 멂, ~(으)려고: 멀려고, ~(으)시: 머시, ~(으)면: 멀면, ~(으)니: 머니
examples:
- ko: 우리 집은 너무 **멀어요**
en: Our home is very **far**
@@ -434,9 +443,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-5-31.mp3
en: to be dry
notes: |
<p>마르다 follows the 르 Irregular. See Lesson 7 for more information.</p>
<p>Most commonly used as "목 마르다" (literally: dry throat) to indicate that one is thirsty.</p>
<p>~아/어: 말라, ~ㄴ/은: 마른, ~ㅂ/습니다: 마릅니다, ~ㄹ/을: 마를, ~니: 마르니, ~ㅁ/음: 마름, ~(으)려고: 마르려고, ~(으)시: 마르시, ~(으)면: 마르면, ~(으)니: 마르니</p>
마르다 follows the 르 Irregular. See Lesson 7 for more information.
Most commonly used as "목 마르다" (literally: dry throat) to indicate that one is thirsty.
~아/어: 말라, ~ㄴ/은: 마른, ~ㅂ/습니다: 마릅니다, ~ㄹ/을: 마를, ~니: 마르니, ~ㅁ/음: 마름, ~(으)려고: 마르려고, ~(으)시: 마르시, ~(으)면: 마르면, ~(으)니: 마르니
examples:
- ko: 그 강은 완전히 **말랐어요**
en: That river has completely **dried** up
@@ -445,8 +456,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-5-35.mp3
en: to be similar
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "비스타다"</p>
<p>~해: 비슷해, ~ㄴ/은: 비슷한, ~ㅂ/습니다: 비슷합니다, ~ㄹ/을: 비슷할, ~니: 비슷하니, ~ㅁ/음: 비슷함, ~(으)려고: 비슷하려고, ~(으)시: 비슷하시, ~(으)면: 비슷하면, ~(으)니: 비슷하니</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "비스타다"
~해: 비슷해, ~ㄴ/은: 비슷한, ~ㅂ/습니다: 비슷합니다, ~ㄹ/을: 비슷할, ~니: 비슷하니, ~ㅁ/음: 비슷함, ~(으)려고: 비슷하려고, ~(으)시: 비슷하시, ~(으)면: 비슷하면, ~(으)니: 비슷하니
examples:
- ko: 저와 저의 아버지는 너무 **비슷해요**
en: My father and I are very **similar**
@@ -457,9 +469,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-5-36.mp3
en: to not be good
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "실타"</p>
<p>싫다 can be used to say "one does not like" by attaching ~이/가 to an object. For more information, see Lesson 15.</p>
<p>~아/어: 싫어, ~ㄴ/은: 싫은, ~ㅂ/습니다: 싫습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 싫을, ~니: 싫으니, ~ㅁ/음: 싫음, ~(으)려고: 싫으려고, ~(으)시: 싫으시, ~(으)면: 싫으면, ~(으)니: 싫으니</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "실타"
싫다 can be used to say "one does not like" by attaching ~이/가 to an object. For more information, see Lesson 15.
~아/어: 싫어, ~ㄴ/은: 싫은, ~ㅂ/습니다: 싫습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 싫을, ~니: 싫으니, ~ㅁ/음: 싫음, ~(으)려고: 싫으려고, ~(으)시: 싫으시, ~(으)면: 싫으면, ~(으)니: 싫으니
examples:
- ko: 저는 그 사람이 **싫어요**
en: I **don't like** that person
@@ -472,8 +486,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-5-32.mp3
en: for an object to be old
notes: |
<p>Like 낡다, 오래되다 can only be used to describe objects – but 낡다 implies that the object in question is also damaged/rugged in some form. Using 오래되다 simply implies that it has been a long time since something was built/released/bought, etc...</p>
<p>~아/어: 오래돼, ~ㄴ/은: 오래된, ~ㅂ/습니다: 오래됐다 (most common past tense form), ~ㄹ/을: 오래될, ~니: 오래되니, ~ㅁ/음: 오래됨, ~(으)려고: 오래되려고, ~(으)시: 오래되시, ~(으)면: 오래되면, ~(으)니: 오래되니</p>
Like 낡다, 오래되다 can only be used to describe objects – but 낡다 implies that the object in question is also damaged/rugged in some form. Using 오래되다 simply implies that it has been a long time since something was built/released/bought, etc...
~아/어: 오래돼, ~ㄴ/은: 오래된, ~ㅂ/습니다: 오래됐다 (most common past tense form), ~ㄹ/을: 오래될, ~니: 오래되니, ~ㅁ/음: 오래됨, ~(으)려고: 오래되려고, ~(으)시: 오래되시, ~(으)면: 오래되면, ~(으)니: 오래되니
examples:
- ko: 저는 저의 **오래된** 핸드폰을 팔았어요
en: I sold my **old** phone
@@ -490,8 +505,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Lesson27v45.mp3
en: to be hungry
notes: |
<p>This is sometimes as "배가 고프다"</p>
<p>~아/어: 배고파, ~ㄴ/은: 배고픈, ~ㅂ/습니다: 배고픕니다, ~ㄹ/을: 배고플, ~니: 배고프니, ~ㅁ/음: 배고픔, ~(으)려고: 배고프려고, ~(으)시: 배고프시, ~(으)면: 배고프면, ~(으)니: 배고프니</p>
This is sometimes as "배가 고프다"
~아/어: 배고파, ~ㄴ/은: 배고픈, ~ㅂ/습니다: 배고픕니다, ~ㄹ/을: 배고플, ~니: 배고프니, ~ㅁ/음: 배고픔, ~(으)려고: 배고프려고, ~(으)시: 배고프시, ~(으)면: 배고프면, ~(으)니: 배고프니
examples:
- ko: 나는 별로 **배고프지 않아**
en: I'm not really **hungry**
@@ -569,8 +585,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-5-47.mp3
en: the day after tomorrow
notes: |
<p>Often said as "내일모레"</p>
<p>This word is commonly misspelled as "모래" (which actually means "sand")</p>
Often said as "내일모레"
This word is commonly misspelled as "모래" (which actually means "sand")
examples:
- ko: 학교가 **모레** 닫혀 있을 거예요
en: The school will be closed **two days from now**
@@ -599,7 +616,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-5-49.mp3
en: day
notes: |
<p>When talking about a day, "날" should be used. For more information, see Lesson 11.</p>
When talking about a day, "날" should be used. For more information, see Lesson 11.
examples:
- ko: 저는 토요**일**에 학교에 안 가요
en: I don't go to school on Satur**day**
@@ -610,9 +627,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-5-50.mp3
en: time
notes: |
<p>You can use this word to indicate that something was done for a certain amount of hours. In addition, it can mean "time" as in "last time" or "this time." For more information, visit Lesson 11.</p>
<p>This word appears in my Korean Sign Explanation Video #1.</p>
<p><YouTube id="5oqbDZymdBM" /></p>
You can use this word to indicate that something was done for a certain amount of hours. In addition, it can mean "time" as in "last time" or "this time." For more information, visit Lesson 11.
This word appears in my Korean Sign Explanation Video #1.
<YouTube id="5oqbDZymdBM" />
examples:
- ko: 저는 두 **시간** 동안 공부했어요
en: I studied for two **hours**
docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/06-honorifics.md
+42 -28
View File
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-6-1.mp3
en: shoe
notes: |
<p>The suffix "화" usually denotes a specific type of shoe. For example: 운동화 (exercise shoes), 실내화 (shoes for inside)</p>
The suffix "화" usually denotes a specific type of shoe. For example: 운동화 (exercise shoes), 실내화 (shoes for inside)
examples:
- ko: 이 **신발**은 너무 불편해요
en: These **shoes** are too uncomfortable
@@ -303,7 +303,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-6-29.mp3
en: movie
notes: |
<p>In English, we use the words "watch," "see" and "looking at" in different situations depending on what our eyes are focused on. In Korean, all of those translate to "보다." Therefore, to "watch" a movie in Korean is "영화를 보다".</p>
In English, we use the words "watch," "see" and "looking at" in different situations depending on what our eyes are focused on. In Korean, all of those translate to "보다." Therefore, to "watch" a movie in Korean is "영화를 보다".
examples:
- ko: 저는 무서운 **영화**를 보고 싶어요
en: I want to see a scary **movie**
@@ -341,10 +341,13 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-6-31.mp3
en: to sit
notes: |
<p>This word appears in Korean Sign Explanation [Video 14]</p>
<p><YouTube id="b8X6ryrJGeY" /></p>
<p>To say that one was sitting while doing something, you should attach "~아/어서" to 앉다. For example: "저는 앉아서 먹었어요" = "I sat down and ate." The grammar for this is introduced in Lesson 17.</p>
<p>~아/어: 앉아, ~ㄴ/은: 앉은, ~ㄴ/는다: 앉는다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 앉습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 앉을, ~니: 앉으니, ~ㅁ/음: 앉음, ~(으)려고: 앉으려고, ~(으)시: 앉으시, ~(으)면: 앉으면, ~(으)니: 앉으니</p>
This word appears in Korean Sign Explanation [Video 14]
<YouTube id="b8X6ryrJGeY" />
To say that one was sitting while doing something, you should attach "~아/어서" to 앉다. For example: "저는 앉아서 먹었어요" = "I sat down and ate." The grammar for this is introduced in Lesson 17.
~아/어: 앉아, ~ㄴ/은: 앉은, ~ㄴ/는다: 앉는다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 앉습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 앉을, ~니: 앉으니, ~ㅁ/음: 앉음, ~(으)려고: 앉으려고, ~(으)시: 앉으시, ~(으)면: 앉으면, ~(으)니: 앉으니
examples:
- ko: 발이 아파서 **앉**고 싶어요
en: I want to **sit** down because my feet are sore
@@ -361,7 +364,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-6-32.mp3
en: to touch
notes: |
<p>~아/어: 만져, ~ㄴ/은: 만진, ~ㄴ/는다: 만진다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 만집니다, ~ㄹ/을: 만질, ~니: 만지니, ~ㅁ/음: 만짐, ~(으)려고: 만지려고, ~(으)시: 만지시, ~(으)면: 만지면, ~(으)니: 만지니</p>
~아/어: 만져, ~ㄴ/은: 만진, ~ㄴ/는다: 만진다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 만집니다, ~ㄹ/을: 만질, ~니: 만지니, ~ㅁ/음: 만짐, ~(으)려고: 만지려고, ~(으)시: 만지시, ~(으)면: 만지면, ~(으)니: 만지니
examples:
- ko: 그것이 비싸서 **만지**지 마세요!
en: That is very expensive, so please don't **touch** it!
@@ -372,7 +375,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-6-33.mp3
en: to sleep
notes: |
<p>~아/어: 자, ~ㄴ/은: 잔, ~ㄴ/는다: 잔다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 잡니다, ~ㄹ/을: 잘, ~니: 자니, ~ㅁ/음: 잠, ~(으)려고: 자려고, ~(으)시: 자시, ~(으)면: 자면, ~(으)니: 자니</p>
~아/어: 자, ~ㄴ/은: 잔, ~ㄴ/는다: 잔다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 잡니다, ~ㄹ/을: 잘, ~니: 자니, ~ㅁ/음: 잠, ~(으)려고: 자려고, ~(으)시: 자시, ~(으)면: 자면, ~(으)니: 자니
examples:
- ko: 너무 피곤해서 **자**고 싶어요
en: I want to **sleep** because I am so tired
@@ -393,8 +396,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-6-35.mp3
en: to see
notes: |
<p>In English, there are many different ways to say that you are looking at something (to watch, to see, to look at). In Korean, "보다" takes on all of these meanings.</p>
<p>~아/어: 봐, ~ㄴ/은: 본, ~ㄴ/는다: 본다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 봅니다, ~ㄹ/을: 볼, ~니: 보니, ~ㅁ/음: 봄, ~(으)려고: 보려고, ~(으)시: 보시, ~(으)면: 보면, ~(으)니: 보니</p>
In English, there are many different ways to say that you are looking at something (to watch, to see, to look at). In Korean, "보다" takes on all of these meanings.
~아/어: 봐, ~ㄴ/은: 본, ~ㄴ/는다: 본다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 봅니다, ~ㄹ/을: 볼, ~니: 보니, ~ㅁ/음: 봄, ~(으)려고: 보려고, ~(으)시: 보시, ~(으)면: 보면, ~(으)니: 보니
examples:
- ko: 저는 어제 **영화**를 봤어요
en: I **saw** a movie yesterday
@@ -419,8 +423,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-6-36.mp3
en: to wait
notes: |
<p>In English, we say that one waits "for" something. In Korean, the common translation for "for" is ~기 위해. However, in Korean the particle "~을/를" is attached to the person/thing that one is waiting for. For example: "저는 친구를 기다리고 있어요" = "I am waiting for my friend."</p>
<p>~아/어: 기다려, ~ㄴ/은: 기다린, ~ㄴ/는다: 기다린다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 기다립니다, ~ㄹ/을: 기다릴, ~니: 기다리니, ~ㅁ/음: 기다림, ~(으)려고: 기다리려고, ~(으)시: 기다리시, ~(으)면: 기다리면, ~(으)니: 기다리니</p>
In English, we say that one waits "for" something. In Korean, the common translation for "for" is ~기 위해. However, in Korean the particle "~을/를" is attached to the person/thing that one is waiting for. For example: "저는 친구를 기다리고 있어요" = "I am waiting for my friend."
~아/어: 기다려, ~ㄴ/은: 기다린, ~ㄴ/는다: 기다린다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 기다립니다, ~ㄹ/을: 기다릴, ~니: 기다리니, ~ㅁ/음: 기다림, ~(으)려고: 기다리려고, ~(으)시: 기다리시, ~(으)면: 기다리면, ~(으)니: 기다리니
examples:
- ko: 저는 30분 동안 **기다렸어요**
en: I **waited** for 30 minutes
@@ -448,8 +453,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-6-38.mp3
en: to promise
notes: |
<p>The noun form of this verb (약속) translates to "a promise," and is often used to refer to plans that somebody has.</p>
<p>For example: "저는 오늘 약속이 있어요" = "I have a promise, or 'I made a promise with somebody today, which means I have plans to meet him/her.'"</p>
The noun form of this verb (약속) translates to "a promise," and is often used to refer to plans that somebody has.
For example: "저는 오늘 약속이 있어요" = "I have a promise, or 'I made a promise with somebody today, which means I have plans to meet him/her.'"
examples:
- ko: 그는 올 거라고 **약속했어요**
en: He **promised** that he would come
@@ -458,8 +464,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-6-39.mp3
en: to hear
notes: |
<p>듣다 follows the ㄷ irregular. See Lesson 7 for more information.</p>
<p>~아/어: 들어, ~ㄴ/은: 들은, ~ㄴ/는다: 듣는다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 듣습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 들을, ~니: 듣니, ~ㅁ/음: 들음, ~(으)려고: 들으려고, ~(으)시: 들으시, ~(으)면: 들으면, ~(으)니: 들으니</p>
듣다 follows the ㄷ irregular. See Lesson 7 for more information.
~아/어: 들어, ~ㄴ/은: 들은, ~ㄴ/는다: 듣는다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 듣습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 들을, ~니: 듣니, ~ㅁ/음: 들음, ~(으)려고: 들으려고, ~(으)시: 들으시, ~(으)면: 들으면, ~(으)니: 들으니
examples:
- ko: 그 말을 못 **들었어요**
en: I didn't **hear** that thing that you just said
@@ -476,8 +483,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-6-40.mp3
en: to listen
notes: |
<p>Although there is sometimes overlap in their usages, 듣다 is used when one hears something. However, by adding ~아/어보다 (the grammar of this is taught in Lesson 32) changes the verb into "to try/attempt to hear." In English, the act of trying/attempting to hear something is "listening."</p>
<p>~아/어: 들어봐, ~ㄴ/은: 들어본, ~ㄴ/는다: 들어본다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 들어봅니다, ~ㄹ/을: 들어볼, ~니: 들어보니, ~ㅁ/음: 들어봄, ~(으)려고: 들어보려고, ~(으)시: 들어보시, ~(으)면: 들어보면, ~(으)니: 들어보니</p>
Although there is sometimes overlap in their usages, 듣다 is used when one hears something. However, by adding ~아/어보다 (the grammar of this is taught in Lesson 32) changes the verb into "to try/attempt to hear." In English, the act of trying/attempting to hear something is "listening."
~아/어: 들어봐, ~ㄴ/은: 들어본, ~ㄴ/는다: 들어본다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 들어봅니다, ~ㄹ/을: 들어볼, ~니: 들어보니, ~ㅁ/음: 들어봄, ~(으)려고: 들어보려고, ~(으)시: 들어보시, ~(으)면: 들어보면, ~(으)니: 들어보니
examples:
- ko: 선생님의 말을 잘 **들어보세요**!
en: "**listen** carefully to what the teacher says!"
@@ -515,8 +523,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-6-43.mp3
en: to be surprised
notes: |
<p>There are many adverbs in Korean that are used in very specific situations to add feeling to the meaning in the sentence. The word "깜짝" is used in sentences where one is surprised. By putting the word "깜짝" before "놀라다," it will make your Korean sound very good!</p>
<p>~아/어: 놀라, ~ㄴ/은: 놀란, ~ㄴ/는다: 놀란다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 놀랍니다, ~ㄹ/을: 놀랄, ~니: 놀라니, ~ㅁ/음: 놀람, ~(으)려고: 놀라려고, ~(으)시: 놀라시, ~(으)면: 놀라면, ~(으)니: 놀라니</p>
There are many adverbs in Korean that are used in very specific situations to add feeling to the meaning in the sentence. The word "깜짝" is used in sentences where one is surprised. By putting the word "깜짝" before "놀라다," it will make your Korean sound very good!
~아/어: 놀라, ~ㄴ/은: 놀란, ~ㄴ/는다: 놀란다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 놀랍니다, ~ㄹ/을: 놀랄, ~니: 놀라니, ~ㅁ/음: 놀람, ~(으)려고: 놀라려고, ~(으)시: 놀라시, ~(으)면: 놀라면, ~(으)니: 놀라니
examples:
- ko: 저는 그 사람을 보고 깜짝 **놀랐어요**!
en: I looked at that man and I was really **surprised**!
@@ -526,9 +535,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-6-44.mp3
en: to be fast
notes: |
<p>빠르다 follows the 르 irregular. See Lesson 7 for more information.</p>
<p>The adverb form of this word is 빨리</p>
<p>~아/어: 빨라, ~ㄴ/은: 빠른, ~ㅂ/습니다: 빠릅니다, ~ㄹ/을: 빠를, ~니: 빠르니, ~ㅁ/음: 빠름, ~(으)려고: 빠르려고, ~(으)시: 빠르시, ~(으)면: 빠르면, ~(으)니: 빠르니</p>
빠르다 follows the 르 irregular. See Lesson 7 for more information.
The adverb form of this word is 빨리
~아/어: 빨라, ~ㄴ/은: 빠른, ~ㅂ/습니다: 빠릅니다, ~ㄹ/을: 빠를, ~니: 빠르니, ~ㅁ/음: 빠름, ~(으)려고: 빠르려고, ~(으)시: 빠르시, ~(으)면: 빠르면, ~(으)니: 빠르니
examples:
- ko: 그 차는 너무 **빨라요**
en: That car is too **fast**
@@ -539,9 +550,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-6-45.mp3
en: to be slow
notes: |
<p>느리다 is used when "slow" has a negative meaning, usually from moving too slow.</p>
<p>For the positive meaning, the adverb "천천히" is used. For example: "천천히 먹어" = "eat slowly"</p>
<p>~아/어: 느려, ~ㄴ/은: 느린, ~ㅂ/습니다: 느립니다, ~ㄹ/을: 느릴, ~니: 느리니, ~ㅁ/음: 느림, ~(으)려고: 느리려고, ~(으)시: 느리시, ~(으)면: 느리면, ~(으)니: 느리니</p>
느리다 is used when "slow" has a negative meaning, usually from moving too slow.
For the positive meaning, the adverb "천천히" is used. For example: "천천히 먹어" = "eat slowly"
~아/어: 느려, ~ㄴ/은: 느린, ~ㅂ/습니다: 느립니다, ~ㄹ/을: 느릴, ~니: 느리니, ~ㅁ/음: 느림, ~(으)려고: 느리려고, ~(으)시: 느리시, ~(으)면: 느리면, ~(으)니: 느리니
examples:
- ko: 이 인터넷은 왜 이렇게 **느려요**?
en: Why is this internet so **slow**?
@@ -617,8 +630,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-6-50.mp3
en: bottom
notes: |
<p>This word appears in Korean Sign Explanation [Video 16]</p>
<p><YouTube id="NcbM1Vgvu9I" /></p>
This word appears in Korean Sign Explanation [Video 16]
<YouTube id="NcbM1Vgvu9I" />
examples:
- ko: 여기 **아래**에 사인해 주세요
en: Please sign **below**, here
docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/07-irregulars.md
+114 -72
View File
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-2.mp3
en: teacher
notes: |
<p>교사 refers more to the position of a teacher. You would usually refer to a teacher by calling him/her "선생님." However, if you wanted to tell somebody what your position was, you could use 교사 (선생님 would also work here as well).</p>
교사 refers more to the position of a teacher. You would usually refer to a teacher by calling him/her "선생님." However, if you wanted to tell somebody what your position was, you could use 교사 (선생님 would also work here as well).
examples:
- ko: 저는 영어**교사**예요
en: I am an English **teacher**
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-5.mp3
en: location of work
notes: |
<p>In English, we say "work" to refer to what is being done and where it is being done. For example "I am doing work at work." 직장 refers to the location in which you work.</p>
In English, we say "work" to refer to what is being done and where it is being done. For example "I am doing work at work." 직장 refers to the location in which you work.
examples:
- ko: 그는 **직장**에서 일찍 퇴근했어요
en: He left **work** early
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-11.mp3
en: hair (not on head), fur
notes: |
<p>In English, we say "hair" for all of the hair on our body. However, in Korean, 털 is used to refer to any hair that is not on your head. It is also used to refer to the fur of an animal.</p>
In English, we say "hair" for all of the hair on our body. However, in Korean, 털 is used to refer to any hair that is not on your head. It is also used to refer to the fur of an animal.
examples:
- ko: 저는 팔에 **털**이 많아요
en: I have a lot of **hair** on my arms
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Lesson-7-8.mp3
en: dinner, evening
notes: |
<p>The word "저녁" can refer to the evening time, or the meal that is eaten at that time (dinner). To distinguish between them, 저녁식사 (dinner) and 저녁시간 (the evening) can also be used.</p>
The word "저녁" can refer to the evening time, or the meal that is eaten at that time (dinner). To distinguish between them, 저녁식사 (dinner) and 저녁시간 (the evening) can also be used.
examples:
- ko: "**저녁**으로 뭐 먹었어요?"
en: What did you eat for **dinner**?
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Lesson7-9.mp3
en: lunch, noonish
notes: |
<p>The word "점심" can refer to the time around noon, or the meal that is eaten at that time (lunch). To distinguish between them, 점심식사 (lunch) and 점심시간 (noonish) can also be used.</p>
The word "점심" can refer to the time around noon, or the meal that is eaten at that time (lunch). To distinguish between them, 점심식사 (lunch) and 점심시간 (noonish) can also be used.
examples:
- ko: "**점심**으로 뭐 먹고 싶어요?"
en: What do you want to eat for **lunch**?
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-7-v1.mp3
en: clothes
notes: |
<p>One way and one form of telling somebody to put on clothes is to say "옷 입어." This sounds like "온 이버"</p>
One way and one form of telling somebody to put on clothes is to say "옷 입어." This sounds like "온 이버"
examples:
- ko: 저는 저의 **옷**을 벗었어요
en: I took off my **clothes**
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-39.mp3
en: morning
notes: |
<p>This generally refers to any time before noon, but to refer to specifically refer to something early in the morning "새벽" can be used. "아침" refers to the time from breakfast until around noon.</p>
This generally refers to any time before noon, but to refer to specifically refer to something early in the morning "새벽" can be used. "아침" refers to the time from breakfast until around noon.
examples:
- ko: 저는 내일 **오전**에 교회에 가야 돼요
en: I have to go to church tomorrow in the **morning**
@@ -232,8 +232,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-13.mp3
en: to search for, find
notes: |
<p>In English, the words "looking for/searching" and "find" have a similar meaning but are used differently. We use "find" after something is found. However, before something is found we use "look for/search." In Korean, the 찾다 is used for both of these usages. This confusion often leads Korean people to incorrectly say things like "I am finding my brother."</p>
<p>~아/어: 찾아, ~ㄴ/은: 찾은, ~ㄴ/는다: 찾는다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 찾습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 찾을, ~니: 찾으니, ~ㅁ/음: 찾음, ~(으)려고: 찾으려고, ~(으)시: 찾으시, ~(으)면: 찾으면, ~(으)니: 찾으니</p>
In English, the words "looking for/searching" and "find" have a similar meaning but are used differently. We use "find" after something is found. However, before something is found we use "look for/search." In Korean, the 찾다 is used for both of these usages. This confusion often leads Korean people to incorrectly say things like "I am finding my brother."
~아/어: 찾아, ~ㄴ/은: 찾은, ~ㄴ/는다: 찾는다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 찾습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 찾을, ~니: 찾으니, ~ㅁ/음: 찾음, ~(으)려고: 찾으려고, ~(으)시: 찾으시, ~(으)면: 찾으면, ~(으)니: 찾으니
examples:
- ko: 저는 저의 지갑을 **찾**고 있어요
en: I am **looking** for my wallet
@@ -248,7 +249,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-15.mp3
en: to teach
notes: |
<p>~아/어: 가르쳐, ~ㄴ/은: 가르친, ~ㄴ/는다: 가르친다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 가르칩니다, ~ㄹ/을: 가르칠, ~니: 가르치니, ~ㅁ/음: 가르침, ~(으)려고: 가르치려고, ~(으)시: 가르치시, ~(으)면: 가르치면, ~(으)니: 가르치니</p>
~아/어: 가르쳐, ~ㄴ/은: 가르친, ~ㄴ/는다: 가르친다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 가르칩니다, ~ㄹ/을: 가르칠, ~니: 가르치니, ~ㅁ/음: 가르침, ~(으)려고: 가르치려고, ~(으)시: 가르치시, ~(으)면: 가르치면, ~(으)니: 가르치니
examples:
- ko: 저는 고등학교에서 10년 동안 영어를 **가르쳤어요**
en: I **taught** English at a high school for 10 years
@@ -269,8 +270,10 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-16.mp3
en: to work
notes: |
<p>The noun form of 일하다 (일) literally means "work" (as in, something you need to do). However, it is often used to refer to a task or anything that needs to be done. For example: "저는 내일 할 일이 있어요" = "I have something I need to do tomorrow"</p>
<p>~해: 일해, ~ㄴ/은: 일한, ~ㄴ/는다: 일한다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 일합니다, ~ㄹ/을: 일할, ~니: 일하니, ~ㅁ/음: 일함, ~(으)려고: 일하려고, ~(으)시: 일하시, ~(으)면: 일하면, ~(으)니: 일하니</p>
The noun form of 일하다 (일) literally means "work" (as in, something you need to do). However, it is often used to refer to a task or anything that needs to be done. For example:
- "저는 내일 할 일이 있어요" = "I have something I need to do tomorrow"
~해: 일해, ~ㄴ/은: 일한, ~ㄴ/는다: 일한다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 일합니다, ~ㄹ/을: 일할, ~니: 일하니, ~ㅁ/음: 일함, ~(으)려고: 일하려고, ~(으)시: 일하시, ~(으)면: 일하면, ~(으)니: 일하니
examples:
- ko: 저는 그 회사에서 **일해요**
en: I **work** at/for that company
@@ -291,8 +294,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-17.mp3
en: to build
notes: |
<p>짓다 follows the ㅅ irregular</p>
<p>~아/어: 지어, ~ㄴ/은: 지은, ~ㄴ/는다: 짓는다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 짓습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 지을, ~니: 짓니, ~ㅁ/음: 지음, ~(으)려고: 지으려고, ~(으)시: 지으시, ~(으)면: 지으면, ~(으)니: 지으니</p>
짓다 follows the ㅅ irregular
~아/어: 지어, ~ㄴ/은: 지은, ~ㄴ/는다: 짓는다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 짓습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 지을, ~니: 짓니, ~ㅁ/음: 지음, ~(으)려고: 지으려고, ~(으)시: 지으시, ~(으)면: 지으면, ~(으)니: 지으니
examples:
- ko: "그 집을 언제 **지었어요**?"
en: When did you **build** that house?
@@ -311,10 +315,13 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-18.mp3
en: to own, to possess
notes: |
<p>When you use "있다" to indicate that you have something, you must put the particle ~이/가 on the object you have. For example: 저는 펜이 있어요</p>
<p>However, you can attach ~을/을 to that object if you use ~가지고 있다.</p>
<p>갖다 is a shortened version of this word. See Lesson 97 for more information.</p>
<p>~아/어: 가져, ~ㄴ/은: 가진, ~ㄴ/는다: 가진다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 가집니다, ~ㄹ/을: 가질, ~니: 가지니, ~ㅁ/음: 가짐, ~(으)려고: 가지려고, ~(으)시: 가지시, ~(으)면: 가지면, ~(으)니: 가지니</p>
When you use "있다" to indicate that you have something, you must put the particle ~이/가 on the object you have. For example: 저는 펜이 있어요
However, you can attach ~을/을 to that object if you use ~가지고 있다.
갖다 is a shortened version of this word. See Lesson 97 for more information.
~아/어: 가져, ~ㄴ/은: 가진, ~ㄴ/는다: 가진다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 가집니다, ~ㄹ/을: 가질, ~니: 가지니, ~ㅁ/음: 가짐, ~(으)려고: 가지려고, ~(으)시: 가지시, ~(으)면: 가지면, ~(으)니: 가지니
examples:
- ko: 저는 펜을 **가지**고 있어요
en: I **have** a pen
@@ -333,8 +340,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-19.mp3
en: to lock
notes: |
<p>잠그다 follows the ㅡ irregular</p>
<p>~아/어: 잠가, ~ㄴ/은: 잠근, ~ㄴ/는다: 잠근다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 잠급니다, ~ㄹ/을: 잠글, ~니: 잠그니, ~ㅁ/음: 잠금, ~(으)려고: 잠그려고, ~(으)시: 잠그시, ~(으)면: 잠그면, ~(으)니: 잠그니</p>
잠그다 follows the ㅡ irregular
~아/어: 잠가, ~ㄴ/은: 잠근, ~ㄴ/는다: 잠근다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 잠급니다, ~ㄹ/을: 잠글, ~니: 잠그니, ~ㅁ/음: 잠금, ~(으)려고: 잠그려고, ~(으)시: 잠그시, ~(으)면: 잠그면, ~(으)니: 잠그니
examples:
- ko: 저는 문을 **잠갔어요**
en: I **locked** the door
@@ -349,8 +357,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-20.mp3
en: to forget
notes: |
<p>~아/어버리다 is added to some verbs to express the emotion that something was done and "thrown away" at the same time. It is commonly attached to 잊다 to express that something was "forgotten and thrown away."</p>
<p>~아/어: 잊어, ~ㄴ/은: 잊은, ~ㄴ/는다: 잊는다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 잊습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 잊을, ~니: 잊으니, ~ㅁ/음: 잊음, ~(으)려고: 잊으려고, ~(으)시: 잊으시, ~(으)면: 잊으면, ~(으)니: 잊으니</p>
~아/어버리다 is added to some verbs to express the emotion that something was done and "thrown away" at the same time. It is commonly attached to 잊다 to express that something was "forgotten and thrown away."
~아/어: 잊어, ~ㄴ/은: 잊은, ~ㄴ/는다: 잊는다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 잊습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 잊을, ~니: 잊으니, ~ㅁ/음: 잊음, ~(으)려고: 잊으려고, ~(으)시: 잊으시, ~(으)면: 잊으면, ~(으)니: 잊으니
examples:
- ko: 저를 **잊**지 마세요!
en: Don't **forget** me!
@@ -371,9 +380,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Lesson3Vocab-help.mp3
en: to help
notes: |
<p>돕다 is an irregular ㅂ irregular. ㅂ changes to 오 when ~아/어 is added. However, ㅂ changes to 우 when any other vowel is added.</p>
<p>~아/어주다 is commonly added to this word, because usually when one helps somebody, it is a form of "giving"</p>
<p>~아/어: 도와, ~ㄴ/은: 도운, ~ㄴ/는다: 돕는다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 돕습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 도울, ~니: 돕니, ~ㅁ/음: 도움, ~(으)려고: 도우려고, ~(으)시: 도우시, ~(으)면: 도우면, ~(으)니: 도우니</p>
돕다 is an irregular ㅂ irregular. ㅂ changes to 오 when ~아/어 is added. However, ㅂ changes to 우 when any other vowel is added.
~아/어주다 is commonly added to this word, because usually when one helps somebody, it is a form of "giving"
~아/어: 도와, ~ㄴ/은: 도운, ~ㄴ/는다: 돕는다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 돕습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 도울, ~니: 돕니, ~ㅁ/음: 도움, ~(으)려고: 도우려고, ~(으)시: 도우시, ~(으)면: 도우면, ~(으)니: 도우니
examples:
- ko: "**도와**주세요!"
en: "**help** me please!"
@@ -390,11 +401,15 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-21.mp3
en: to give
notes: |
<p>When giving something to a person who deserves respect, 드리다 is used.</p>
<p>Often conjugated in the imperative voice (for example, ~세요) to ask for something. For example: "밥을 많이 주세요" = "Give me lots of rice"</p>
<p>Often gets placed after a verb if somebody does an action for somebody. For example: "이것을 만들어 주세요" = "Please, make this for me"</p>
<p>See Lesson 41 for more information.</p>
<p>~아/어: 줘, ~ㄴ/은: 준, ~ㄴ/는다: 준다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 줍니다, ~ㄹ/을: 줄, ~니: 주니, ~ㅁ/음: 줌, ~(으)려고: 주려고, ~(으)시: 주시, ~(으)면: 주면, ~(으)니: 주니</p>
When giving something to a person who deserves respect, 드리다 is used.
Often conjugated in the imperative voice (for example, ~세요) to ask for something. For example: "밥을 많이 주세요" = "Give me lots of rice"
Often gets placed after a verb if somebody does an action for somebody. For example: "이것을 만들어 주세요" = "Please, make this for me"
See Lesson 41 for more information.
~아/어: 줘, ~ㄴ/은: 준, ~ㄴ/는다: 준다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 줍니다, ~ㄹ/을: 줄, ~니: 주니, ~ㅁ/음: 줌, ~(으)려고: 주려고, ~(으)시: 주시, ~(으)면: 주면, ~(으)니: 주니
examples:
- ko: 그 그릇을 **주**세요
en: "**Give** me that bowl, please"
@@ -413,8 +428,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-36.mp3
en: to be correct
notes: |
<p>In every way, 맞다 looks, feels and sounds like an adjective. However, in Korean 맞다 is a verb. In most cases this is irrelevant, but keep this in mind when conjugating.</p>
<p>~아/어: 맞아, ~ㄴ/은: 맞은, ~ㄴ/는다: 맞는다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 맞습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 맞을, ~니: 맞으니, ~ㅁ/음: 맞음, ~(으)려고: 맞으려고, ~(으)시: 맞으시, ~(으)면: 맞으면, ~(으)니: 맞으니</p>
In every way, 맞다 looks, feels and sounds like an adjective. However, in Korean 맞다 is a verb. In most cases this is irrelevant, but keep this in mind when conjugating.
~아/어: 맞아, ~ㄴ/은: 맞은, ~ㄴ/는다: 맞는다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 맞습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 맞을, ~니: 맞으니, ~ㅁ/음: 맞음, ~(으)려고: 맞으려고, ~(으)시: 맞으시, ~(으)면: 맞으면, ~(으)니: 맞으니
examples:
- ko: 선생님! 이 거 **맞아요**?
en: Teacher! Is this **correct**?
@@ -430,8 +446,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-22.mp3
en: to be easy
notes: |
<p>쉽다 follows the ㅂ irregular</p>
<p>~아/어: 쉬워, ~ㄴ/은: 쉬운, ~ㅂ/습니다: 쉽습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 쉬울, ~니: 쉬우니, ~ㅁ/음: 쉬움, ~(으)려고: 쉬우려고, ~(으)시: 쉬우시, ~(으)면: 쉬우면, ~(으)니: 쉬우니</p>
쉽다 follows the ㅂ irregular
~아/어: 쉬워, ~ㄴ/은: 쉬운, ~ㅂ/습니다: 쉽습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 쉬울, ~니: 쉬우니, ~ㅁ/음: 쉬움, ~(으)려고: 쉬우려고, ~(으)시: 쉬우시, ~(으)면: 쉬우면, ~(으)니: 쉬우니
examples:
- ko: 그 일은 너무 **쉬웠어요**
en: that task was very **easy**
@@ -444,9 +461,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-23.mp3
en: to be hot
notes: |
<p>덥다 follows the ㅂ irregular</p>
<p>덥다 is only used to talk about the weather or one's body, not the temperature of objects.</p>
<p>~아/어: 더워, ~ㄴ/은: 더운, ~ㅂ/습니다: 덥습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 더울, ~니: 더우니, ~ㅁ/음: 더움, ~(으)려고: 더우려고, ~(으)시: 더우시, ~(으)면: 더우면, ~(으)니: 더우니</p>
덥다 follows the ㅂ irregular
덥다 is only used to talk about the weather or one's body, not the temperature of objects.
~아/어: 더워, ~ㄴ/은: 더운, ~ㅂ/습니다: 덥습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 더울, ~니: 더우니, ~ㅁ/음: 더움, ~(으)려고: 더우려고, ~(으)시: 더우시, ~(으)면: 더우면, ~(으)니: 더우니
examples:
- ko: 오늘 날씨가 너무 **더워요**
en: Today the weather is too **hot**
@@ -463,10 +482,13 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-24.mp3
en: to miss (a thing)
notes: |
<p>그립다 follows the ㅂ irregular</p>
<p>"보고 싶다" can is used when one misses a person.</p>
<p>In English "to miss" is a verb. 그립다 is an adjective in Korean that describes the feeling that is felt when one misses something. It is more commonly used when one misses a non-person. As an adjective, it must get treated as one. Therefore, in order to say that one misses something, it is commonly used in the Subject – Object – Adjective form that is taught in Lesson 15.</p>
<p>~아/어: 그리워, ~ㄴ/은: 그리운, ~ㅂ/습니다: 그립습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 그리울, ~니: 그리우니, ~ㅁ/음: 그리움, ~(으)려고: 그리우려고, ~(으)시: 그리우시, ~(으)면: 그리우면, ~(으)니: 그리우니</p>
그립다 follows the ㅂ irregular
"보고 싶다" can is used when one misses a person.
In English "to miss" is a verb. 그립다 is an adjective in Korean that describes the feeling that is felt when one misses something. It is more commonly used when one misses a non-person. As an adjective, it must get treated as one. Therefore, in order to say that one misses something, it is commonly used in the Subject – Object – Adjective form that is taught in Lesson 15.
~아/어: 그리워, ~ㄴ/은: 그리운, ~ㅂ/습니다: 그립습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 그리울, ~니: 그리우니, ~ㅁ/음: 그리움, ~(으)려고: 그리우려고, ~(으)시: 그리우시, ~(으)면: 그리우면, ~(으)니: 그리우니
examples:
- ko: 저는 우리 학교가 **그리워요**
en: I **miss** our school
@@ -479,8 +501,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-25.mp3
en: to be cute
notes: |
<p>귀엽다 follows the ㅂ irregular</p>
<p>~아/어: 귀여워, ~ㄴ/은: 귀여운, ~ㅂ/습니다: 귀엽습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 귀여울, ~니: 귀여우니, ~ㅁ/음: 귀여움, ~(으)려고: 귀여우려고, ~(으)시: 귀여우시, ~(으)면: 귀여우면, ~(으)니: 귀여우니</p>
귀엽다 follows the ㅂ irregular
~아/어: 귀여워, ~ㄴ/은: 귀여운, ~ㅂ/습니다: 귀엽습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 귀여울, ~니: 귀여우니, ~ㅁ/음: 귀여움, ~(으)려고: 귀여우려고, ~(으)시: 귀여우시, ~(으)면: 귀여우면, ~(으)니: 귀여우니
examples:
- ko: 저의 여자 친구는 너무 **귀여워요**
en: My girlfriend is very **cute**
@@ -503,9 +526,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-26.mp3
en: to be cold
notes: |
<p>춥다 follows the ㅂ irregular</p>
<p>춥다 is only used to talk about the weather or one's body, not the temperature of objects.</p>
<p>~아/어: 추워, ~ㄴ/은: 추운, ~ㅂ/습니다: 춥습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 추울, ~니: 추우니, ~ㅁ/음: 추움, ~(으)려고: 추우려고, ~(으)시: 추우시, ~(으)면: 추우면, ~(으)니: 추우니</p>
춥다 follows the ㅂ irregular
춥다 is only used to talk about the weather or one's body, not the temperature of objects.
~아/어: 추워, ~ㄴ/은: 추운, ~ㅂ/습니다: 춥습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 추울, ~니: 추우니, ~ㅁ/음: 추움, ~(으)려고: 추우려고, ~(으)시: 추우시, ~(으)면: 추우면, ~(으)니: 추우니
examples:
- ko: 캐나다는 겨울이 **추운** 나라예요
en: Canada is a **cold** country in the winter
@@ -524,8 +549,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-27.mp3
en: to be difficult
notes: |
<p>어렵다 follows the ㅂ irregular</p>
<p>~아/어: 어려워, ~ㄴ/은: 어려운, ~ㅂ/습니다: 어렵습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 어려울, ~니: 어려우니, ~ㅁ/음: 어려움, ~(으)려고: 어려우려고, ~(으)시: 어려우시, ~(으)면: 어려우면, ~(으)니: 어려우니</p>
어렵다 follows the ㅂ irregular
~아/어: 어려워, ~ㄴ/은: 어려운, ~ㅂ/습니다: 어렵습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 어려울, ~니: 어려우니, ~ㅁ/음: 어려움, ~(으)려고: 어려우려고, ~(으)시: 어려우시, ~(으)면: 어려우면, ~(으)니: 어려우니
examples:
- ko: 수학은 너무 **어려워요**
en: Math is too **difficult**
@@ -542,8 +568,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-28.mp3
en: to be dirty
notes: |
<p>더럽다 follows the ㅂ irregular</p>
<p>~아/어: 더러워, ~ㄴ/은: 더러운, ~ㅂ/습니다: 더럽습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 더러울, ~니: 더러우니, ~ㅁ/음: 더러움, ~(으)려고: 더러우려고, ~(으)시: 더러우시, ~(으)면: 더러우면, ~(으)니: 더러우니</p>
더럽다 follows the ㅂ irregular
~아/어: 더러워, ~ㄴ/은: 더러운, ~ㅂ/습니다: 더럽습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 더러울, ~니: 더러우니, ~ㅁ/음: 더러움, ~(으)려고: 더러우려고, ~(으)시: 더러우시, ~(으)면: 더러우면, ~(으)니: 더러우니
examples:
- ko: 우리 집은 지금 매우 **더러워요**
en: Our house is really **dirty** right now
@@ -558,8 +585,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-29.mp3
en: to be busy
notes: |
<p>바쁘다 follows the ㅡ irregular</p>
<p>~아/어: 바빠, ~ㄴ/은: 바쁜, ~ㅂ/습니다: 바쁩니다, ~ㄹ/을: 바쁠, ~니: 바쁘니, ~ㅁ/음: 바쁨, ~(으)려고: 바쁘려고, ~(으)시: 바쁘시, ~(으)면: 바쁘면, ~(으)니: 바쁘니</p>
바쁘다 follows the ㅡ irregular
~아/어: 바빠, ~ㄴ/은: 바쁜, ~ㅂ/습니다: 바쁩니다, ~ㄹ/을: 바쁠, ~니: 바쁘니, ~ㅁ/음: 바쁨, ~(으)려고: 바쁘려고, ~(으)시: 바쁘시, ~(으)면: 바쁘면, ~(으)니: 바쁘니
examples:
- ko: 제가 너무 **바빠**서 내일 못 가요
en: I can't go tomorrow because I am so **busy**
@@ -574,8 +602,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-30.mp3
en: to be the same
notes: |
<p>See Lesson 15 for more information</p>
<p>~아/어: 같아, ~ㄴ/은: 같은, ~ㅂ/습니다: 같습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 같을, ~니: 같으니, ~ㅁ/음: 같음, ~(으)려고: 같으려고, ~(으)시: 같으시, ~(으)면: 같으면, ~(으)니: 같으니</p>
See Lesson 15 for more information
~아/어: 같아, ~ㄴ/은: 같은, ~ㅂ/습니다: 같습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 같을, ~니: 같으니, ~ㅁ/음: 같음, ~(으)려고: 같으려고, ~(으)시: 같으시, ~(으)면: 같으면, ~(으)니: 같으니
examples:
- ko: 저는 **같은** 바지가 있어요
en: I have the **same** pants
@@ -628,8 +657,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-33.mp3
en: to be soft
notes: |
<p>부드럽다 follows the ㅂ irregular</p>
<p>~아/어: 부드러워, ~ㄴ/은: 부드러운, ~ㅂ/습니다: 부드럽습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 부드러울, ~니: 부드러우니, ~ㅁ/음: 부드러움, ~(으)려고: 부드러우려고, ~(으)시: 부드러우시, ~(으)면: 부드러우면, ~(으)니: 부드러우니</p>
부드럽다 follows the ㅂ irregular
~아/어: 부드러워, ~ㄴ/은: 부드러운, ~ㅂ/습니다: 부드럽습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 부드러울, ~니: 부드러우니, ~ㅁ/음: 부드러움, ~(으)려고: 부드러우려고, ~(으)시: 부드러우시, ~(으)면: 부드러우면, ~(으)니: 부드러우니
examples:
- ko: 그녀의 손은 **부드러워요**
en: Her hands are very **soft**
@@ -668,8 +698,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson-11-vocab-36.mp3
en: to be pretty
notes: |
<p>예쁘다 follows the ㅡ irregular</p>
<p>~아/어: 예뻐, ~ㄴ/은: 예쁜, ~ㅂ/습니다: 예쁩니다, ~ㄹ/을: 예쁠, ~니: 예쁘니, ~ㅁ/음: 예쁨, ~(으)려고: 예쁘려고, ~(으)시: 예쁘시, ~(으)면: 예쁘면, ~(으)니: 예쁘니</p>
예쁘다 follows the ㅡ irregular
~아/어: 예뻐, ~ㄴ/은: 예쁜, ~ㅂ/습니다: 예쁩니다, ~ㄹ/을: 예쁠, ~니: 예쁘니, ~ㅁ/음: 예쁨, ~(으)려고: 예쁘려고, ~(으)시: 예쁘시, ~(으)면: 예쁘면, ~(으)니: 예쁘니
examples:
- ko: 그 여자가 너무 **예뻐요**
en: That girl is very **pretty**
@@ -687,7 +718,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-7-38.mp3
en: early
notes: |
<p>일찍 is an adverb. The opposite of "early" is typically 늦다 which is an adjective. 늦게 can be used as the adverb to have the meaning of "late." For example: "우리는 일찍 도착했어요" = "We arrived early", "우리는 늦게 도착했어요" = "We arrived late (it would be awkward to say 'lately' in English)"</p>
일찍 is an adverb. The opposite of "early" is typically 늦다 which is an adjective. 늦게 can be used as the adverb to have the meaning of "late." For example:
- "우리는 일찍 도착했어요" = "We arrived early"
- "우리는 늦게 도착했어요" = "We arrived late (it would be awkward to say 'lately' in English)"
examples:
- ko: 우리는 내일 **일찍** 일어나야 돼요
en: We need to wake up **early** tomorrow morning
@@ -798,9 +831,11 @@ sentence:
ㅂ:
- notes:
- &ㅂ |
<p>If the last letter of a word stem ends in ㅂ (쉽다 = easy), the ㅂ changes to 우 when adding a vowel. 우 then gets added to the next syllable in the conjugated word.</p>
<p>This is mostly done with adjectives.</p>
<p>(Some of the few verbs where this rule applies are: 줍다 = to pick up, 눕다 = to lie down.)</p>
If the last letter of a word stem ends in ㅂ (쉽다 = easy), the ㅂ changes to 우 when adding a vowel. 우 then gets added to the next syllable in the conjugated word.
This is mostly done with adjectives.
(Some of the few verbs where this rule applies are: 줍다 = to pick up, 눕다 = to lie down.)
- 쉽다 = 쉬 + 우 + 어 = 쉬워
ko: 그것은 쉬워
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Lesson-7-8-That-thing-is-easy.mp3
@@ -823,8 +858,9 @@ sentence:
- notes:
- *ㅂ
- |
<p>In the words “돕다” (to help) and “곱다” (an uncommon way to say “beautiful”) ㅂ changes to 오 instead of 우, only when ~아/어 (or any derivative like ~았/었다 or ~아/어요*) is added.</p>
<p>When adding any other vowel, ㅂ changes to 우.</p>
In the words “돕다” (to help) and “곱다” (an uncommon way to say “beautiful”) ㅂ changes to 오 instead of 우, only when ~아/어 (or any derivative like ~았/었다 or ~아/어요*) is added.
When adding any other vowel, ㅂ changes to 우.
- 돕다 = 도 + 오 + 았어요 = 도왔어요
ko: 저는 저의 어머니를 도왔어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Lesson-7-10-I-helped-my-mother.mp3
@@ -905,10 +941,13 @@ sentence:
ㅡ:
- notes: &ㅡ |
<p>If the vowel in the second last syllable is ㅏ or ㅗ, 아 is added.</p>
<p>If the vowel in the second last syllable is anything other than ㅏ or ㅗ, 어 is added.</p>
<p>When ~아/어 is added to a stem where the last letter is ㅡ, ~아/어 merges to the stem and the ㅡ is eliminated.</p>
<p>This merging of ~아/어 to the stem occurs when ~아/어 is added, or any of its derivatives, including ~아/어요 and past tense conjugations like ~았/었어 or ~았/었어요.</p>
If the vowel in the second last syllable is ㅏ or ㅗ, 아 is added.
If the vowel in the second last syllable is anything other than ㅏ or ㅗ, 어 is added.
When ~아/어 is added to a stem where the last letter is ㅡ, ~아/어 merges to the stem and the ㅡ is eliminated.
This merging of ~아/어 to the stem occurs when ~아/어 is added, or any of its derivatives, including ~아/어요 and past tense conjugations like ~았/었어 or ~았/었어요.
ko: 저는 문을 잠갔어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/16-I-locked-the-door.mp3
en: I locked the door
@@ -955,10 +994,13 @@ sentence:
르:
- notes:
- &르 |
<p>This irregular only applies when adding ~아/어 (or any of its derivatives) to a stem and not when adding any other grammatical principles that starts with a vowel or consonant.</p>
<p>When adding ~아/어 to these words, an additional ㄹ is created and placed in the syllable preceding 르 as the last consonant.</p>
<p>The 르 also gets changed to either 러 or 라 (depending on if you are adding 어 or 아).</p>
<p>This is done to both verbs and adjectives (the only exceptions are 따르다 = to follow/to pour; and 푸르다 = to be calming blue).</p>
This irregular only applies when adding ~아/어 (or any of its derivatives) to a stem and not when adding any other grammatical principles that starts with a vowel or consonant.
When adding ~아/어 to these words, an additional ㄹ is created and placed in the syllable preceding 르 as the last consonant.
The 르 also gets changed to either 러 or 라 (depending on if you are adding 어 or 아).
This is done to both verbs and adjectives (the only exceptions are 따르다 = to follow/to pour; and 푸르다 = to be calming blue).
- 다르다 = 다르 + 아요 = 다 + ㄹ + 라요 = 달라요
ko: 그것은 달라요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/That-thing-is-different.mp3
docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/08-adverbs.md
+101 -65
View File
@@ -44,8 +44,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-8-3.mp3
en: (the color) black
notes: |
<p>This is a combination of the adjective "검다" (black) and "색" (color). Put together, the word is a noun that means "the color black," but is often placed before nouns to describe them (like an adjective) anyways. Therefore, you can often see this (and other words of color) used before a noun to describe it and also at the end of a sentence (attached to 이다).</p>
<p>When Korean people describe something by color in English, they will often say something like "I like the black-colored shirt." This is the result of them directly translating "검은색 셔츠," whereas in English we would just say "black shirt."</p>
This is a combination of the adjective "검다" (black) and "색" (color). Put together, the word is a noun that means "the color black," but is often placed before nouns to describe them (like an adjective) anyways. Therefore, you can often see this (and other words of color) used before a noun to describe it and also at the end of a sentence (attached to 이다).
When Korean people describe something by color in English, they will often say something like "I like the black-colored shirt." This is the result of them directly translating "검은색 셔츠," whereas in English we would just say "black shirt."
examples:
- ko: 저의 차는 **검은색**이에요
en: My car is **black**
@@ -66,8 +67,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-8-4.mp3
en: beverage, drink
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "음뇨수"</p>
<p>This is commonly used to refer to drinks like Coke, cider (which is similar to Sprite) and other carbonated beverages.</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "음뇨수"
This is commonly used to refer to drinks like Coke, cider (which is similar to Sprite) and other carbonated beverages.
examples:
- ko: "**음료수**를 주문할래요?"
en: Shall we order some **drinks**?
@@ -156,8 +158,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-8-33.mp3
en: night
notes: |
<p>This word appears in my Korean Sign Explanation Video 5.</p>
<p><YouTube id="wMRfpE9JdUo" /></p>
This word appears in my Korean Sign Explanation Video 5.
<YouTube id="wMRfpE9JdUo" />
examples:
- ko: "오늘 **밤**에 뭐 할 거예요?"
en: What are you doing to**night**?
@@ -172,8 +175,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-8-34.mp3
en: last night
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "어제빰"</p>
<p>When two nouns are combined together to make one noun, and the first noun does not end in a consonant, the consonant 'ㅅ' is added purely for ease of pronunciation.</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "어제빰"
When two nouns are combined together to make one noun, and the first noun does not end in a consonant, the consonant 'ㅅ' is added purely for ease of pronunciation.
examples:
- ko: 우리는 **어젯밤**에 밥을 많이 먹었어요
en: We ate a lot **last night**
@@ -186,9 +190,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-8-37.mp3
en: daytime
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "낟"</p>
<p>This word appears in my Korean Sign Explanation Video 5.</p>
<p><YouTube id="wMRfpE9JdUo" /></p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "낟"
This word appears in my Korean Sign Explanation Video 5.
<YouTube id="wMRfpE9JdUo" />
examples:
- ko: 그 사람은 일을 안 하고 **낮**에 잠을 자기만 해요
en: That person doesn't work and just sleeps **during the day**
@@ -228,9 +234,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-8-10.mp3
en: to play
notes: |
<p>놀다 follows the ㄹ irregular</p>
<p>Although "playing" is usually reserved for kids in English, adults in Korean will also say that they "play" with friends. This typically means that they met and had a good time.</p>
<p>~아/어: 놀아, ~ㄴ/은: 논, ~ㄴ/는다: 논다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 놉니다, ~ㄹ/을: 놀, ~니: 노니, ~ㅁ/음: 놈, ~(으)려고: 놀려고, ~(으)시: 노시, ~(으)면: 놀면, ~(으)니: 노니</p>
놀다 follows the ㄹ irregular
Although "playing" is usually reserved for kids in English, adults in Korean will also say that they "play" with friends. This typically means that they met and had a good time.
~아/어: 놀아, ~ㄴ/은: 논, ~ㄴ/는다: 논다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 놉니다, ~ㄹ/을: 놀, ~니: 노니, ~ㅁ/음: 놈, ~(으)려고: 놀려고, ~(으)시: 노시, ~(으)면: 놀면, ~(으)니: 노니
examples:
- ko: 저는 어제 친구랑 **놀았어요**
en: I **played** with a friend yesterday
@@ -243,9 +251,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-8-11.mp3
en: to use
notes: |
<p>쓰다 follows the ㅡ irregular</p>
<p>사용하다 is another common way to say "use"</p>
<p>~아/어: 써, ~ㄴ/은: 쓴, ~ㄴ/는다: 쓴다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 씁니다, ~ㄹ/을: 쓸, ~니: 쓰니, ~ㅁ/음: 씀, ~(으)려고: 쓰려고, ~(으)시: 쓰시, ~(으)면: 쓰면, ~(으)니: 쓰니</p>
쓰다 follows the ㅡ irregular
사용하다 is another common way to say "use"
~아/어: 써, ~ㄴ/은: 쓴, ~ㄴ/는다: 쓴다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 씁니다, ~ㄹ/을: 쓸, ~니: 쓰니, ~ㅁ/음: 씀, ~(으)려고: 쓰려고, ~(으)시: 쓰시, ~(으)면: 쓰면, ~(으)니: 쓰니
examples:
- ko: 제가 이것을 **써**도 돼요?
en: May I **use** this?
@@ -270,7 +280,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-8-11.mp3
en: to write
notes: |
<p>~아/어: 써, ~ㄴ/은: 쓴, ~ㄴ/는다: 쓴다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 씁니다, ~ㄹ/을: 쓸, ~니: 쓰니, ~ㅁ/음: 씀, ~(으)려고: 쓰려고, ~(으)시: 쓰시, ~(으)면: 쓰면, ~(으)니: 쓰니</p>
~아/어: 써, ~ㄴ/은: 쓴, ~ㄴ/는다: 쓴다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 씁니다, ~ㄹ/을: 쓸, ~니: 쓰니, ~ㅁ/음: 씀, ~(으)려고: 쓰려고, ~(으)시: 쓰시, ~(으)면: 쓰면, ~(으)니: 쓰니
examples:
- ko: 저는 저의 여자 친구를 위해 편지를 **썼어요**
en: I **wrote** a letter for my girlfriend
@@ -287,9 +297,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Lesson8-14.mp3
en: to make a mistake
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "실쑤하다"</p>
<p>The noun form of this word ("실수") translates to "a mistake"</p>
<p>By adding "~하다" you can say "to make a mistake"</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "실쑤하다"
The noun form of this word ("실수") translates to "a mistake"
By adding "~하다" you can say "to make a mistake"
examples:
- ko: 범죄자는 그의 **실수**를 인정했어요
en: The criminal acknowledged his **mistakes**
@@ -311,8 +323,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-8-15.mp3
en: to catch, to grab, to grasp
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "잡따"</p>
<p>~아/어: 잡아, ~ㄴ/은: 잡은, ~ㄴ/는다: 잡는다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 잡습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 잡을, ~니: 잡으니, ~ㅁ/음: 잡음, ~(으)려고: 잡으려고, ~(으)시: 잡으시, ~(으)면: 잡으면, ~(으)니: 잡으니</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "잡따"
~아/어: 잡아, ~ㄴ/은: 잡은, ~ㄴ/는다: 잡는다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 잡습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 잡을, ~니: 잡으니, ~ㅁ/음: 잡음, ~(으)려고: 잡으려고, ~(으)시: 잡으시, ~(으)면: 잡으면, ~(으)니: 잡으니
examples:
- ko: 저는 공을 **잡았어요**
en: I **caught** the ball
@@ -323,8 +336,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-8-16.mp3
en: to read
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "익따"</p>
<p>~아/어: 읽어, ~ㄴ/은: 읽은, ~ㄴ/는다: 읽는다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 읽습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 읽을, ~니: 읽으니, ~ㅁ/음: 읽음, ~(으)려고: 읽으려고, ~(으)시: 읽으시, ~(으)면: 읽으면, ~(으)니: 읽으니</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "익따"
~아/어: 읽어, ~ㄴ/은: 읽은, ~ㄴ/는다: 읽는다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 읽습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 읽을, ~니: 읽으니, ~ㅁ/음: 읽음, ~(으)려고: 읽으려고, ~(으)시: 읽으시, ~(으)면: 읽으면, ~(으)니: 읽으니
examples:
- ko: 저는 이제 더 **읽**기 싫어요
en: I don't want to **read** anymore
@@ -339,8 +353,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-8-17.mp3
en: to pay for
notes: |
<p>내다 can have many other meanings. See Lesson 14 for more information.</p>
<p>~아/어: 내, ~ㄴ/은: 낸, ~ㄴ/는다: 낸다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 냅니다, ~ㄹ/을: 낼, ~니: 내니, ~ㅁ/음: 냄, ~(으)려고: 내려고, ~(으)시: 내시, ~(으)면: 내면, ~(으)니: 내니</p>
내다 can have many other meanings. See Lesson 14 for more information.
~아/어: 내, ~ㄴ/은: 낸, ~ㄴ/는다: 낸다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 냅니다, ~ㄹ/을: 낼, ~니: 내니, ~ㅁ/음: 냄, ~(으)려고: 내려고, ~(으)시: 내시, ~(으)면: 내면, ~(으)니: 내니
examples:
- ko: 이번에 제가 **낼 거예요**
en: I will **pay** this time
@@ -353,9 +368,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Lesson-8-28.mp3
en: to get, to receive, to acquire
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "받따"</p>
<p>See Lesson 14 for more information</p>
<p>~아/어: 받아, ~ㄴ/은: 받은, ~ㄴ/는다: 받는다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 받습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 받을, ~니: 받으니, ~ㅁ/음: 받음, ~(으)려고: 받으려고, ~(으)시: 받으시, ~(으)면: 받으면, ~(으)니: 받으니</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "받따"
See Lesson 14 for more information
~아/어: 받아, ~ㄴ/은: 받은, ~ㄴ/는다: 받는다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 받습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 받을, ~니: 받으니, ~ㅁ/음: 받음, ~(으)려고: 받으려고, ~(으)시: 받으시, ~(으)면: 받으면, ~(으)니: 받으니
examples:
- ko: 제가 보낸 돈을 **받았어요**?
en: Did you **get** the money that I sent?
@@ -376,8 +393,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-8-20.mp3
en: to arrive
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "도차카다"</p>
<p>~해: 도착해, ~ㄴ/은: 도착한, ~ㄴ/는다: 도착한다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 도착합니다, ~ㄹ/을: 도착할, ~니: 도착하니, ~ㅁ/음: 도착함, ~(으)려고: 도착하려고, ~(으)시: 도착하시, ~(으)면: 도착하면, ~(으)니: 도착하니</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "도차카다"
~해: 도착해, ~ㄴ/은: 도착한, ~ㄴ/는다: 도착한다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 도착합니다, ~ㄹ/을: 도착할, ~니: 도착하니, ~ㅁ/음: 도착함, ~(으)려고: 도착하려고, ~(으)시: 도착하시, ~(으)면: 도착하면, ~(으)니: 도착하니
examples:
- ko: 우리가 목적지에 거의 **도착했어요**
en: We have almost **arrived** at our destination
@@ -392,7 +410,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Lesson8-21.mp3
en: to travel
notes: |
<p>The noun form of this word ("여행") translates to "a trip"</p>
The noun form of this word ("여행") translates to "a trip"
examples:
- ko: 저는 6개월 동안 **여행했어요**
en: I **traveled** for 6 months
@@ -414,8 +432,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-8-21.mp3
en: to be perfect
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "완벼카다"</p>
<p>The noun form of this word "완벽" translates to "perfection"</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "완벼카다"
The noun form of this word "완벽" translates to "perfection"
examples:
- ko: 그녀는 **완벽한** 선생님이에요
en: She is a **perfect** teacher
@@ -430,8 +449,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Lesson8vocab-sick.mp3
en: to be sick, to be sore
notes: |
<p>This is used to indicate that you are sick (with a cold or something similar), and to indicate that a part of your body is sore.</p>
<p>~아/어: 아파, ~ㄴ/은: 아픈, ~ㅂ/습니다: 아픕니다, ~ㄹ/을: 아플, ~니: 아프니, ~ㅁ/음: 아픔, ~(으)려고: 아프려고, ~(으)시: 아프시, ~(으)면: 아프면, ~(으)니: 아프니</p>
This is used to indicate that you are sick (with a cold or something similar), and to indicate that a part of your body is sore.
~아/어: 아파, ~ㄴ/은: 아픈, ~ㅂ/습니다: 아픕니다, ~ㄹ/을: 아플, ~니: 아프니, ~ㅁ/음: 아픔, ~(으)려고: 아프려고, ~(으)시: 아프시, ~(으)면: 아프면, ~(으)니: 아프니
examples:
- ko: 어제 운동을 해서 오늘 저의 팔이 **아파요**
en: my arms are **sore** because I exercised yesterday
@@ -484,8 +504,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-8-24.mp3
en: to be young
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "점따"</p>
<p>~아/어: 젊어, ~ㄴ/은: 젊은, ~ㅂ/습니다: 젊습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 젊을, ~니: 젊으니, ~ㅁ/음: 젊음, ~(으)려고: 젊으려고, ~(으)시: 젊으시, ~(으)면: 젊으면, ~(으)니: 젊으니</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "점따"
~아/어: 젊어, ~ㄴ/은: 젊은, ~ㅂ/습니다: 젊습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 젊을, ~니: 젊으니, ~ㅁ/음: 젊음, ~(으)려고: 젊으려고, ~(으)시: 젊으시, ~(으)면: 젊으면, ~(으)니: 젊으니
examples:
- ko: 그녀는 다른 사람보다 **젊**어 보여요
en: She looks **younger** than other people
@@ -494,9 +515,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-8-25.mp3
en: to be old
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "늑따"</p>
<p>This is typically only used when somebody is actually old, not when somebody is comparatively older than somebody else.</p>
<p>~아/어: 늙어, ~ㄴ/은: 늙은, ~ㅂ/습니다: 늙습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 늙을, ~니: 늙으니, ~ㅁ/음: 늙음, ~(으)려고: 늙으려고, ~(으)시: 늙으시, ~(으)면: 늙으면, ~(으)니: 늙으니</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "늑따"
This is typically only used when somebody is actually old, not when somebody is comparatively older than somebody else.
~아/어: 늙어, ~ㄴ/은: 늙은, ~ㅂ/습니다: 늙습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 늙을, ~니: 늙으니, ~ㅁ/음: 늙음, ~(으)려고: 늙으려고, ~(으)시: 늙으시, ~(으)면: 늙으면, ~(으)니: 늙으니
examples:
- ko: "**늙**은 아주머니는 넘어졌어요"
en: The **old** lady fell over
@@ -505,8 +528,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Lesson8vocabbad.mp3
en: to be bad
notes: |
<p>나쁘다 follows the ㅡ irregular</p>
<p>~아/어: 나빠, ~ㄴ/은: 나쁜, ~ㅂ/습니다: 나쁩니다, ~ㄹ/을: 나쁠, ~니: 나쁘니, ~ㅁ/음: 나쁨, ~(으)려고: 나쁘려고, ~(으)시: 나쁘시, ~(으)면: 나쁘면, ~(으)니: 나쁘니</p>
나쁘다 follows the ㅡ irregular
~아/어: 나빠, ~ㄴ/은: 나쁜, ~ㅂ/습니다: 나쁩니다, ~ㄹ/을: 나쁠, ~니: 나쁘니, ~ㅁ/음: 나쁨, ~(으)려고: 나쁘려고, ~(으)시: 나쁘시, ~(으)면: 나쁘면, ~(으)니: 나쁘니
examples:
- ko: 그것은 건강에 **나빠요**
en: That is **bad** for your health
@@ -530,7 +554,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-8-28.mp3
en: immediately
notes: |
<p>바로 can be used to indicate that something happens immediately (in terms of time) or that something is "immediately" close to something (in terms of space).</p>
바로 can be used to indicate that something happens immediately (in terms of time) or that something is "immediately" close to something (in terms of space).
examples:
- ko: 저는 **바로** 갔어요
en: I left **immediately**
@@ -545,10 +569,13 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-8-27.mp3
en: immediately
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "즉씨"</p>
<p>즉시 can only be used to indicate that something happens immediately (in terms of time). It is less common than 바로.</p>
<p>This word appears in my Korean Sign Explanation Video 4.</p>
<p><YouTube id="M7YRA_3Betw" /></p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "즉씨"
즉시 can only be used to indicate that something happens immediately (in terms of time). It is less common than 바로.
This word appears in my Korean Sign Explanation Video 4.
<YouTube id="M7YRA_3Betw" />
examples:
- ko: 저는 그 무서운 것을 보고 **즉시** 뛰어갔어요
en: I ran away **immediately** after I saw that scary thing
@@ -592,7 +619,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-8-30.mp3
en: sometimes
notes: |
<p>In English, we would never say "very sometimes," but in Korean "아주 가끔" is commonly used to stress that something happens "only sometimes."</p>
In English, we would never say "very sometimes," but in Korean "아주 가끔" is commonly used to stress that something happens "only sometimes."
examples:
- ko: 저는 서울에 **가끔** 가요
en: I go to Seoul **sometimes**
@@ -603,8 +630,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-8-31.mp3
en: many/a lot of
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "마니"</p>
<p>This is the adverb form of "많다"</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "마니"
This is the adverb form of "많다"
examples:
- ko: 저는 저의 여자 친구에게 선물을 **많이** 줬어요
en: I gave my girlfriend **a lot of** presents
@@ -696,7 +724,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wLesson-1-28.mp3
en: not
notes: |
<p>안 is placed before a verb or adjective to turn it into a negative word. The meaning is synonymous to ~지 않다.</p>
안 is placed before a verb or adjective to turn it into a negative word. The meaning is synonymous to ~지 않다.
examples:
- ko: 그 여자는 **안** 아름다워요
en: That girl is **not** beautiful
@@ -714,8 +742,9 @@ vocabulary:
sentence:
when_and_where:
- notes: &ww-particle |
<p>In the first sentence, “hospital” is the thing that you are building – so it is an object, which requires you to use the 을/를 particle.</p>
<p>In the second sentence, the hospital is the place in which you went to – so it is a place, which requires it to have the 에 particle.</p>
In the first sentence, “hospital” is the thing that you are building – so it is an object, which requires you to use the 을/를 particle.
In the second sentence, the hospital is the place in which you went to – so it is a place, which requires it to have the 에 particle.
ko: 저는 병원을 지었어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson8-1I-built-a-hospital.mp3
en: I built a hospital
@@ -769,8 +798,9 @@ sentence:
how_much:
- notes: &adverb |
<p>When adding these types of adverbs to sentences, no particle needs to be attached.</p>
<p>While other adverbs are generally free to be placed anywhere in a sentence, adverbs like this that indicate a degree to which something is done are typically placed immediately before the verb.</p>
When adding these types of adverbs to sentences, no particle needs to be attached.
While other adverbs are generally free to be placed anywhere in a sentence, adverbs like this that indicate a degree to which something is done are typically placed immediately before the verb.
ko: 저는 저의 친구를 자주 만나요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson8-4I-meet-my-friend-often.mp3
en: I meet my friend often
@@ -814,8 +844,9 @@ sentence:
en: I lived happily
- notes: &multiple-adverbs |
<p>You can use more than one adverb in a sentence.</p>
<p>Though you can do that, using two adverbs that indicate the ‘degree of something’ is generally not done in Korean.</p>
You can use more than one adverb in a sentence.
Though you can do that, using two adverbs that indicate the ‘degree of something’ is generally not done in Korean.
ko: 저는 매우 빨리 달렸어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Lesson-8-10-I-ran-really-quickly.mp3
en: I ran really quickly
@@ -842,8 +873,9 @@ sentence:
negative:
- notes: &neg-before |
<p>There are two ways you can make a sentence negative:</p>
<p>1. By adding 안, which acts as an adverb in the sentence. 안 is typically placed immediately before the final verb or adjective.</p>
There are two ways you can make a sentence negative:
1. By adding 안, which acts as an adverb in the sentence. 안 is typically placed immediately before the final verb or adjective.
ko: 그 여자는 안 예뻐요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson8-10That-girl-isnt-pretty.mp3
en: That girl isn’t pretty
@@ -859,8 +891,9 @@ sentence:
en: I’m not going to school tomorrow
- notes: &neg-final |
<p>There are two ways you can make a sentence negative:</p>
<p>2. By adding ~지 않다 to the stem of the final verb or adjective. 않다 then becomes the verb or adjective in that sentence and must be conjugated accordingly.</p>
There are two ways you can make a sentence negative:
1. By adding ~지 않다 to the stem of the final verb or adjective. 않다 then becomes the verb or adjective in that sentence and must be conjugated accordingly.
ko: 그 여자는 예쁘지 않아요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson8-11That-girl-isnt-pretty.mp3
en: That girl isn’t pretty
@@ -929,8 +962,11 @@ sentence:
en: I didn’t travel
- notes: &neg-no-separator |
<p>Many adjectives end in ~하다. It is unnatural to remove the ~하다 in these words and place “안” between them. You can’t separate an adjective and “act” on it with ~하다 because they are adjectives. For example, the following would be incorrect:</p>
<p>- 저는 행복을 안 해요 (This does not mean “I am not happy”)</p><p>However, you could use ~지 않다 on a -하다 adjective or place “안” before the word without separating it.</p>
Many adjectives end in ~하다. It is unnatural to remove the ~하다 in these words and place “안” between them. You can’t separate an adjective and “act” on it with ~하다 because they are adjectives. For example, the following would be incorrect:
- 저는 행복을 안 해요 (This does not mean “I am not happy”)
However, you could use ~지 않다 on a -하다 adjective or place “안” before the word without separating it.
ko: 저는 안 행복해요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Lesson8nnsent1.mp3
en: I am not happy
docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/09-conjugate-이다.md
+63 -36
View File
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson-11-vocab-6.mp3
en: a sign
notes: |
<p>This refers to the signs that hang outside stores or other places of businesses, not the traffic signs on the road.</p>
This refers to the signs that hang outside stores or other places of businesses, not the traffic signs on the road.
examples:
- ko: 한국에는 노래방**간판**이 많아요
en: There are a lot of no-rae bang **signs** in Korea
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson-11-vocab-23.mp3
en: subway
notes: |
<p>지하 means "underground." 철 means "train." In theory this word means "underground train," but it is often used to refer to the metro system in general.</p>
지하 means "underground." 철 means "train." In theory this word means "underground train," but it is often used to refer to the metro system in general.
examples:
- ko: 저는 지금 **지하철**을 타고 있어요
en: I am on the **subway** now
@@ -270,13 +270,29 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson-11-vocab-24.mp3
en: to become
notes: |
<p>One of the usages of 되다 is to make a verb change to the passive voice. This is introduced in <a href="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-9-16/lesson-14-korean-passive-verbs/">Lesson 14</a>. For example: "점심이 학교에 준비되었어요" = "The lunch was provided by the school"</p>
<p>In addition to this, there are many ways 되다 can be used. This is just a small sample:</p>
<p>To indicate that one becomes something: "미래에 저는 의사가 되고 싶어요" = "I want to be a doctor in the future", "저는 언젠가 선생님이 되고 싶어요" = "I want to become a teacher someday"</p>
<p>To indicate that you have been doing something for a certain amount of time: "밥을 먹은 지 5분 됐어요" = "I have been eating for 5 minutes", "운동한 지 오래 됐어요?" = "Have you been exercising for a long time?"</p>
<p>To indicate that something that something is "ready" or "done" or "finished": "밥이 아직 안 됐어요" = "The rice isn't ready yet", "저는 갈 준비 됐어요" = "I am ready to go", "Wifi가 잘 안 돼요" = "The WiFi doesn't work well"</p>
<p>To indicate that one can or cannot do something: "지금 가도 돼요?" = "May I go now?", "안 가도 돼요" = "You don't have to go"</p>
<p>~아/어: 돼, ~ㄴ/은: 된, ~ㄴ/는다: 된다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 됩니다, ~ㄹ/을: 될, ~니: 되니, ~ㅁ/음: 됨, ~(으)려고: 되려고, ~(으)시: 되시, ~(으)면: 되면, ~(으)니: 되니</p>
One of the usages of 되다 is to make a verb change to the passive voice. This is introduced in Lesson 14. For example:
- "점심이 학교에 준비되었어요" = "The lunch was provided by the school"
In addition to this, there are many ways 되다 can be used. This is just a small sample:
To indicate that one becomes something:
- "미래에 저는 의사가 되고 싶어요" = "I want to be a doctor in the future"
- "저는 언젠가 선생님이 되고 싶어요" = "I want to become a teacher someday"
To indicate that you have been doing something for a certain amount of time:
- "밥을 먹은 지 5분 됐어요" = "I have been eating for 5 minutes"
- "운동한 지 오래 됐어요?" = "Have you been exercising for a long time?"
To indicate that something that something is "ready" or "done" or "finished":
- "밥이 아직 안 됐어요" = "The rice isn't ready yet"
- "저는 갈 준비 됐어요" = "I am ready to go"
- "Wifi가 잘 안 돼요" = "The WiFi doesn't work well"
To indicate that one can or cannot do something:
- "지금 가도 돼요?" = "May I go now?"
- "안 가도 돼요" = "You don't have to go"
~아/어: 돼, ~ㄴ/은: 된, ~ㄴ/는다: 된다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 됩니다, ~ㄹ/을: 될, ~니: 되니, ~ㅁ/음: 됨, ~(으)려고: 되려고, ~(으)시: 되시, ~(으)면: 되면, ~(으)니: 되니
examples:
- ko: 점심이 학교에 준비**되었어요**
en: The lunch was provided by the school
@@ -303,9 +319,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson-11-vocab-25.mp3
en: to start
notes: |
<p>This word appears in Korean Sign Explanation [Video 14]</p>
<p><YouTube id="b8X6ryrJGeY" /></p>
<p>~해: 시작해, ~ㄴ/은: 시작한, ~ㄴ/는다: 시작한다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 시작합니다, ~ㄹ/을: 시작할, ~니: 시작하니, ~ㅁ/음: 시작함, ~(으)려고: 시작하려고, ~(으)시: 시작하시, ~(으)면: 시작하면, ~(으)니: 시작하니</p>
This word appears in Korean Sign Explanation \[Video 14\]
<YouTube id="b8X6ryrJGeY" />
~해: 시작해, ~ㄴ/은: 시작한, ~ㄴ/는다: 시작한다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 시작합니다, ~ㄹ/을: 시작할, ~니: 시작하니, ~ㅁ/음: 시작함, ~(으)려고: 시작하려고, ~(으)시: 시작하시, ~(으)면: 시작하면, ~(으)니: 시작하니
examples:
- ko: 그는 밥을 벌써 먹기 **시작했어요**
en: He **started** eating already
@@ -318,9 +336,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson-11-vocab-26.mp3
en: to act
notes: |
<p>The noun form of this word ("행동") translates to "an action."</p>
<p>This meaning is not "to act" in the sense of an actor or actress. Instead, this meaning is similar to somebody doing something, for example: "act responsibly".</p>
<p>~해: 행동해, ~ㄴ/은: 행동한, ~ㄴ/는다: 행동한다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 행동합니다, ~ㄹ/을: 행동할, ~니: 행동하니, ~ㅁ/음: 행동함, ~(으)려고: 행동하려고, ~(으)시: 행동하시, ~(으)면: 행동하면, ~(으)니: 행동하니</p>
The noun form of this word ("행동") translates to "an action."
This meaning is not "to act" in the sense of an actor or actress. Instead, this meaning is similar to somebody doing something, for example: "act responsibly".
~해: 행동해, ~ㄴ/은: 행동한, ~ㄴ/는다: 행동한다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 행동합니다, ~ㄹ/을: 행동할, ~니: 행동하니, ~ㅁ/음: 행동함, ~(으)려고: 행동하려고, ~(으)시: 행동하시, ~(으)면: 행동하면, ~(으)니: 행동하니
examples:
- ko: 부모님 앞에서 그렇게 **행동하**지 마세요
en: Don't **act** that way in front of your parents
@@ -363,7 +383,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson-11-vocab-30.mp3
en: to lose
notes: |
<p>~아/어: 잃어, ~ㄴ/은: 잃은, ~ㄴ/는다: 잃는다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 잃습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 잃을, ~니: 잃으니, ~ㅁ/음: 잃음, ~(으)려고: 잃으려고, ~(으)시: 잃으시, ~(으)면: 잃으면, ~(으)니: 잃으니</p>
~아/어: 잃어, ~ㄴ/은: 잃은, ~ㄴ/는다: 잃는다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 잃습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 잃을, ~니: 잃으니, ~ㅁ/음: 잃음, ~(으)려고: 잃으려고, ~(으)시: 잃으시, ~(으)면: 잃으면, ~(으)니: 잃으니
examples:
- ko: 저는 열쇠를 **잃어버렸어요**
en: I **lost** my keys
@@ -374,9 +394,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson-11-vocab-31.mp3
en: to lose
notes: |
<p>Sometimes you will find two verbs connected by "~아/어". This grammatical principle is fairly complex and isn't discussed in great detail until Lesson 70.</p>
<p>A basic explanation for now is that "~아/어" essentially has no real meaning, and that the meaning of both verbs comes out. "버리다" is probably the most common verb that you will find after a verb and ~아/어. Constructions in this format "(verb + ~아/어 + 버리다) add emotion to a sentence. The emotion is as if something was "thrown away" or done without any real thinking of the consequences.</p>
<p>~아/어: 잃어버려, ~ㄴ/은: 잃어버린, ~ㄴ/는다: 잃어버린다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 잃어버립니다, ~ㄹ/을: 잃어버릴, ~니: 잃어버리니, ~ㅁ/음: 잃어버림, ~(으)려고: 잃어버리려고, ~(으)시: 잃어버리시, ~(으)면: 잃어버리면, ~(으)니: 잃어버리니</p>
Sometimes you will find two verbs connected by "~아/어". This grammatical principle is fairly complex and isn't discussed in great detail until Lesson 70.
A basic explanation for now is that "~아/어" essentially has no real meaning, and that the meaning of both verbs comes out. "버리다" is probably the most common verb that you will find after a verb and ~아/어. Constructions in this format "(verb + ~아/어 + 버리다) add emotion to a sentence. The emotion is as if something was "thrown away" or done without any real thinking of the consequences.
~아/어: 잃어버려, ~ㄴ/은: 잃어버린, ~ㄴ/는다: 잃어버린다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 잃어버립니다, ~ㄹ/을: 잃어버릴, ~니: 잃어버리니, ~ㅁ/음: 잃어버림, ~(으)려고: 잃어버리려고, ~(으)시: 잃어버리시, ~(으)면: 잃어버리면, ~(으)니: 잃어버리니
examples:
- ko: 저는 열쇠를 **잃어버렸어요**
en: I **lost** my keys
@@ -389,8 +411,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/32.mp3
en: to put on one's clothes, to wear
notes: |
<p>The word 입히다 is used when you are putting the clothes on somebody else</p>
<p>~아/어: 입어, ~ㄴ/은: 입은, ~ㄴ/는다: 입는다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 입습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 입을, ~니: 입으니, ~ㅁ/음: 입음, ~(으)려고: 입으려고, ~(으)시: 입으시, ~(으)면: 입으면, ~(으)니: 입으니</p>
The word 입히다 is used when you are putting the clothes on somebody else
~아/어: 입어, ~ㄴ/은: 입은, ~ㄴ/는다: 입는다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 입습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 입을, ~니: 입으니, ~ㅁ/음: 입음, ~(으)려고: 입으려고, ~(으)시: 입으시, ~(으)면: 입으면, ~(으)니: 입으니
examples:
- ko: 저는 보통 **까만** 양복을 **입어요**
en: I usually **wear** black suits
@@ -409,8 +432,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson-11-vocab-32.mp3
en: to take off one's clothes
notes: |
<p>The word 벗기다 is used when you are taking the clothes off of somebody else</p>
<p>~아/어: 벗어, ~ㄴ/은: 벗은, ~ㄴ/는다: 벗는다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 벗습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 벗을, ~니: 벗으니, ~ㅁ/음: 벗음, ~(으)려고: 벗으려고, ~(으)시: 벗으시, ~(으)면: 벗으면, ~(으)니: 벗으니</p>
The word 벗기다 is used when you are taking the clothes off of somebody else
~아/어: 벗어, ~ㄴ/은: 벗은, ~ㄴ/는다: 벗는다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 벗습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 벗을, ~니: 벗으니, ~ㅁ/음: 벗음, ~(으)려고: 벗으려고, ~(으)시: 벗으시, ~(으)면: 벗으면, ~(으)니: 벗으니
examples:
- ko: 저는 저의 옷을 **벗었어요**
en: I **took off** my clothes
@@ -421,7 +445,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson-11-vocab-33.mp3
en: to laugh
notes: |
<p>~아/어: 웃어, ~ㄴ/은: 웃은, ~ㄴ/는다: 웃는다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 웃습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 웃을, ~니: 웃으니, ~ㅁ/음: 웃음, ~(으)려고: 웃으려고, ~(으)시: 웃으시, ~(으)면: 웃으면, ~(으)니: 웃으니</p>
~아/어: 웃어, ~ㄴ/은: 웃은, ~ㄴ/는다: 웃는다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 웃습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 웃을, ~니: 웃으니, ~ㅁ/음: 웃음, ~(으)려고: 웃으려고, ~(으)시: 웃으시, ~(으)면: 웃으면, ~(으)니: 웃으니
examples:
- ko: "**웃**지 마세요!"
en: Please don't **laugh**!
@@ -433,10 +457,13 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson-11-vocab-34.mp3
en: to be shy
notes: |
<p>부끄럽다 follows the ㅂ irregular</p>
<p>This word is more common than you would think. Korean people are generally very shy and thus, this word is used a lot. It is an irregular adjective. See Lesson 7 for more information.</p>
<p>The addition of ~아/어하다 is commonly done when the speaker is not the person who is shy. This grammar is explained in Lesson 105</p>
<p>~아/어: 부끄러워, ~ㄴ/은: 부끄러운, ~ㅂ/습니다: 부끄럽습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 부끄러울, ~니: 부끄러우니, ~ㅁ/음: 부끄러움, ~(으)려고: 부끄러우려고, ~(으)시: 부끄러우시, ~(으)면: 부끄러우면, ~(으)니: 부끄러우니</p>
부끄럽다 follows the ㅂ irregular
This word is more common than you would think. Korean people are generally very shy and thus, this word is used a lot. It is an irregular adjective. See Lesson 7 for more information.
The addition of ~아/어하다 is commonly done when the speaker is not the person who is shy. This grammar is explained in Lesson 105
~아/어: 부끄러워, ~ㄴ/은: 부끄러운, ~ㅂ/습니다: 부끄럽습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 부끄러울, ~니: 부끄러우니, ~ㅁ/음: 부끄러움, ~(으)려고: 부끄러우려고, ~(으)시: 부끄러우시, ~(으)면: 부끄러우면, ~(으)니: 부끄러우니
examples:
- ko: 제가 너무 **부끄러워서** 발표를 못해요
en: I can't do presentations because I am so **shy**
@@ -475,7 +502,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson-11-vocab-39.mp3
en: now/present
notes: |
<p>Generally a wider length of time than "지금" or "이제"</p>
Generally a wider length of time than "지금" or "이제"
examples:
- ko: "**현재** 날씨는 평소보다 조금 추워요"
en: The **present/recent** weather is colder than normal
@@ -753,13 +780,13 @@ sentence:
en: I will study English
- notes: |
<p>When you add ~ㄹ/을 to a stem of a word that ends in ㄹ, the ㄹ is dropped and ㄹ is attached directly to the stem. In effect, you removed something and replace it with exactly the same thing.</p>
<p>For example:</p>
<ul>
<li>갈다 + ㄹ/을 = 갈</li>
<li>빨다 + ㄹ/을 = 빨</li>
<li>열다 + ㄹ/을 = 열</li>
</ul>
When you add ~ㄹ/을 to a stem of a word that ends in ㄹ, the ㄹ is dropped and ㄹ is attached directly to the stem. In effect, you removed something and replace it with exactly the same thing.
For example:
* 갈다 + ㄹ/을 = 갈
* 빨다 + ㄹ/을 = 빨
* 열다 + ㄹ/을 = 열
ko: 저는 문을 열 거예요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/Lesson9-32I-will-open-the-door.mp3
en: I will open the door
docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/10-numbers.md
+22 -15
View File
@@ -260,8 +260,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v30.mp3
en: the first time/beginning
notes: |
<p>This can be used in sentences when you are talking about the first time something is being done. Or it can be used as an adverb to have the meaning "in the beginning"</p>
<p>See below in this lesson for more information.</p>
This can be used in sentences when you are talking about the first time something is being done. Or it can be used as an adverb to have the meaning "in the beginning"
examples:
- ko: 저는 **처음에** 우리 학교가 좋지 않았어요
en: I didn't like our school at **first**
@@ -283,7 +282,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v31.mp3
en: last
notes: |
<p>There are two similar but different meanings for the word "last" in English. 마지막 is used for only ONE of those meanings. 마지막 is used to talk about something that is the last thing in the end of sequence – as in "first meal… second meal… third meal… fourth meal… last meal." It is NOT used to talk about something in the past, as in "last night I went to bed late." See below in this lesson for more information.</p>
There are two similar but different meanings for the word "last" in English. 마지막 is used for only ONE of those meanings. 마지막 is used to talk about something that is the last thing in the end of sequence – as in "first meal… second meal… third meal… fourth meal… last meal." It is NOT used to talk about something in the past, as in "last night I went to bed late." See below in this lesson for more information.
examples:
- ko: 이 수업은 우리의 **마지막** 수업이에요
en: This is our **last** class
@@ -303,10 +302,13 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v32.mp3
en: counter for 1st/2nd/3rd/etc..
notes: |
<p>This can be added as a counter after a number to mean 1st/2nd/3rd/etc.</p>
<p>When saying "first", "첫" replaces "한".</p>
<p>After "first," you can use the regular Korean numbers. Just like with counters, the numbers 2 - 4 change when 번째 follows.</p>
<p>After the number four, the words don't change when adding 번째.</p>
This can be added as a counter after a number to mean 1st/2nd/3rd/etc.
When saying "first", "첫" replaces "한".
After "first," you can use the regular Korean numbers. Just like with counters, the numbers 2 - 4 change when 번째 follows.
After the number four, the words don't change when adding 번째.
examples:
- ko: 저는 열 **번째**로 도착한 사람이었어요
en: I was the 10**th** person to arrive
@@ -315,7 +317,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v33.mp3
en: first (1st)
notes: |
<p>Can be shortened to "첫째" in some situations, usually when the following word is a counter or somebody's children. For example: "첫째 아들" = "first son", "첫째 주" = "first week"</p>
Can be shortened to "첫째" in some situations, usually when the following word is a counter or somebody's children. For example:
- "첫째 아들" = "first son"
- "첫째 주" = "first week"
examples:
- ko: 저의 **첫 번째** 친구는 착했어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-33.mp3
@@ -327,7 +331,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v34.mp3
en: second (2nd)
notes: |
<p>Can be shortened to "둘째" in some situations, usually when the following word is a counter or somebody's children. For example: "둘째 아들" = "second daughter", "둘째 날" = "second day"</p>
Can be shortened to "둘째" in some situations, usually when the following word is a counter or somebody's children. For example:
- "둘째 아들" = "second daughter"
- "둘째 날" = "second day"
examples:
- ko: 그 **두 번째** 선생님은 똑똑했어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson10-35.mp3
@@ -340,7 +346,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v35.mp3
en: counter for things
notes: |
<p>Counters are used in Korean to count various things. Different counters are used for things like people, books, animals, etc. "개" is the general counter that can be used to count most things that don't have a specific counter (or if you don't know the specific counter-word for something). See below in this lesson for more information.</p>
Counters are used in Korean to count various things. Different counters are used for things like people, books, animals, etc. "개" is the general counter that can be used to count most things that don't have a specific counter (or if you don't know the specific counter-word for something). See below in this lesson for more information.
examples:
- ko: 펜 두 **개**를 주세요
en: Give me two pens, please
@@ -353,7 +359,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v36.mp3
en: counter for behaviors/actions
notes: |
<p>This can be used to indicate the amount of times something is done. In the end, it acts as an adverb and particles are not usually attached to it.</p>
This can be used to indicate the amount of times something is done. In the end, it acts as an adverb and particles are not usually attached to it.
examples:
- ko: 저는 한국에 5**번** 갔어요
en: I went to Korea 5 **times**
@@ -391,8 +397,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v40.mp3
en: o'clock
notes: |
<p>When telling time, "시" is put after the hour. For example: 5시 = 5:00</p>
<p>When talking about "hours," the word "시간" is used. See Lesson 11 for more information.</p>
When telling time, "시" is put after the hour. For example: 5시 = 5:00
When talking about "hours," the word "시간" is used. See Lesson 11 for more information.
examples:
- ko: 지금은 6**시**30분이에요
en: Now, it is 6:30
@@ -405,7 +412,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v41.mp3
en: minute
notes: |
<p>When telling time, "분" is put after the minute. It also means "minute" in regular situations. See Lesson 11 for more information.</p>
When telling time, "분" is put after the minute. It also means "minute" in regular situations. See Lesson 11 for more information.
examples:
- ko: 우리가 30**분** 후에 만날래요?
en: Shall we meet in 30 **minutes**?
@@ -431,7 +438,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson10v43.mp3
en: years old
notes: |
<p>When using a number before "살," you should use the Korean numbers. However, once you get above 50, it is not uncommon to use the Chinese numbers.</p>
When using a number before "살," you should use the Korean numbers. However, once you get above 50, it is not uncommon to use the Chinese numbers.
examples:
- ko: 저의 여자 친구는 스물 **살**이에요
en: My girlfriend is 20 **years old**
docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/11-time.md
+51 -32
View File
@@ -171,8 +171,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson11v3.mp3
en: office worker
notes: |
<p>If I asked 100 people in Canada what their job is, I would probably only get the answer "office worker" a few times. In Korea however, probably 50% of the people would respond with "office worker." Many Korean people work for big companies in offices, not all doing the same thing obviously, but I'm not exactly sure what they're all doing in there. Korea has no real natural resources, so the major industry is just "working and business."</p>
<p>You will see the suffix "원" attached to different words to refer to people.</p>
If I asked 100 people in Canada what their job is, I would probably only get the answer "office worker" a few times. In Korea however, probably 50% of the people would respond with "office worker." Many Korean people work for big companies in offices, not all doing the same thing obviously, but I'm not exactly sure what they're all doing in there. Korea has no real natural resources, so the major industry is just "working and business."
You will see the suffix "원" attached to different words to refer to people.
examples:
- ko: 한국에서는 **회사원**이 진짜 많아요
en: There are a lot of **office workers** in Korea
@@ -183,7 +184,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson11v4.mp3
en: a cook/chef
notes: |
<p>You will see the suffix "사" attached to different words that indicate some sort of specialized job. For example: 의사 (doctor), 교사 (teacher), 강사 (instructor)</p>
You will see the suffix "사" attached to different words that indicate some sort of specialized job. For example: 의사 (doctor), 교사 (teacher), 강사 (instructor)
examples:
- ko: "**요리사**들은 음식을 준비해요"
en: "**Chefs** prepare food"
@@ -194,8 +195,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson11v5.mp3
en: a driver
notes: |
<p>This is not the same "사" in 요리사.</p>
<p>"기사님" is common when talking to bus and taxi drivers</p>
This is not the same "사" in 요리사.
"기사님" is common when talking to bus and taxi drivers
examples:
- ko: 버스**운전사**는 승객들을 버스에 서울역에서 태웠어요
en: The bus **driver** took on riders at Seoul Station
@@ -205,8 +207,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson11v6.mp3
en: to run
notes: |
<p>"뛰다" is another common way to say "to run"</p>
<p>~아/어: 달려, ~ㄴ/은: 달린, ~ㄴ/는다: 달린다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 달립니다, ~ㄹ/을: 달릴, ~니: 달리니, ~ㅁ/음: 달림, ~(으)려고: 달리려고, ~(으)시: 달리시, ~(으)면: 달리면, ~(으)니: 달리니</p>
"뛰다" is another common way to say "to run"
~아/어: 달려, ~ㄴ/은: 달린, ~ㄴ/는다: 달린다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 달립니다, ~ㄹ/을: 달릴, ~니: 달리니, ~ㅁ/음: 달림, ~(으)려고: 달리려고, ~(으)시: 달리시, ~(으)면: 달리면, ~(으)니: 달리니
examples:
- ko: 저는 매우 빨리 **달렸어요**
en: I **ran** really quickly
@@ -254,8 +257,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson11v9.mp3
en: to die
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "죽따"</p>
<p>~아/어: 죽어, ~ㄴ/은: 죽은, ~ㄴ/는다: 죽는다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 죽습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 죽을, ~니: 죽으니, ~ㅁ/음: 죽음, ~(으)려고: 죽으려고, ~(으)시: 죽으시, ~(으)면: 죽으면, ~(으)니: 죽으니</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "죽따"
~아/어: 죽어, ~ㄴ/은: 죽은, ~ㄴ/는다: 죽는다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 죽습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 죽을, ~니: 죽으니, ~ㅁ/음: 죽음, ~(으)려고: 죽으려고, ~(으)시: 죽으시, ~(으)면: 죽으면, ~(으)니: 죽으니
examples:
- ko: 그 사람은 10년 전에 **죽었어요**
en: That person **died** 10 years ago
@@ -271,11 +275,15 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson11v10.mp3
en: to be scared
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "두렵따"</p>
<p>두렵다 follows the ㅂ irregular</p>
<p>무섭다 and 두렵다 both translate to "scary." 무섭다 is more typically used to describe the feeling of being scared, usually as it applies to something shocking or something outright scary like snakes or spiders. 두렵다 is more about psychological things in the future, like the fear of death or the fear of tomorrow.</p>
<p>두렵다 and 무섭다 typically describe that something is scary, but it can be used to indicate that you are scared of that thing by using the Subject – Object – Adjective form introduced in Lesson 15.</p>
<p>~아/어: 두려워, ~ㄴ/은: 두려운, ~ㅂ/습니다: 두렵습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 두려울, ~니: 두려우니, ~ㅁ/음: 두려움, ~(으)려고: 두려우려고, ~(으)시: 두려우시, ~(으)면: 두려우면, ~(으)니: 두려우니</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "두렵따"
두렵다 follows the ㅂ irregular
무섭다 and 두렵다 both translate to "scary." 무섭다 is more typically used to describe the feeling of being scared, usually as it applies to something shocking or something outright scary like snakes or spiders. 두렵다 is more about psychological things in the future, like the fear of death or the fear of tomorrow.
두렵다 and 무섭다 typically describe that something is scary, but it can be used to indicate that you are scared of that thing by using the Subject – Object – Adjective form introduced in Lesson 15.
~아/어: 두려워, ~ㄴ/은: 두려운, ~ㅂ/습니다: 두렵습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 두려울, ~니: 두려우니, ~ㅁ/음: 두려움, ~(으)려고: 두려우려고, ~(으)시: 두려우시, ~(으)면: 두려우면, ~(으)니: 두려우니
examples:
- ko: 그녀를 잃는 것이 **두려워요**
en: I am **afraid** of losing her
@@ -288,8 +296,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson11v11.mp3
en: to be strange
notes: |
<p>The noun form of this word translates to "abnormality"</p>
<p>~해: 이상해, ~ㄴ/은: 이상한, ~ㅂ/습니다: 이상합니다, ~ㄹ/을: 이상할, ~니: 이상하니, ~ㅁ/음: 이상함, ~(으)려고: 이상하려고, ~(으)시: 이상하시, ~(으)면: 이상하면, ~(으)니: 이상하니</p>
The noun form of this word translates to "abnormality"
~해: 이상해, ~ㄴ/은: 이상한, ~ㅂ/습니다: 이상합니다, ~ㄹ/을: 이상할, ~니: 이상하니, ~ㅁ/음: 이상함, ~(으)려고: 이상하려고, ~(으)시: 이상하시, ~(으)면: 이상하면, ~(으)니: 이상하니
examples:
- ko: 그 건물은 **이상해** 보여요
en: That building looks **strange**
@@ -305,10 +314,15 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson11v12.mp3
en: for, during, while
notes: |
<p>Used to indicate how long something is being done. Often placed after an indication of time.</p>
<p>For example: "10분 동안" = "10 minutes"</p>
<p>In this same sense, it can be placed after a noun that describes a time. For example: "방학 동안" = "during vacation", "수업 시간 동안" = "during class time"</p>
<p>Also used with ~는 것 (Introduced in Lesson 26) to say "while." For example: "제가 공부하는 동안" = "while I was studying"</p>
Used to indicate how long something is being done. Often placed after an indication of time.
For example: "10분 동안" = "10 minutes"
In this same sense, it can be placed after a noun that describes a time. For example:
- "방학 동안" = "during vacation", "수업 시간 동안" = "during class time"
Also used with ~는 것 (Introduced in Lesson 26) to say "while." For example:
- "제가 공부하는 동안" = "while I was studying"
examples:
- ko: 저는 30분 **동안** 공부했어요
en: I studied **for** 30 minutes
@@ -337,7 +351,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson11v13.mp3
en: month
notes: |
<p>When counting months, you can either use 달 or 개월. When using 달, you must use the pure Korean numbers, and when using 개월, you must use the Sino-Korean numbers. There is no difference in meaning, and both are used frequently</p>
When counting months, you can either use 달 or 개월. When using 달, you must use the pure Korean numbers, and when using 개월, you must use the Sino-Korean numbers. There is no difference in meaning, and both are used frequently
examples:
- ko: 저는 두 **달** 동안 한국어 수업을 들었어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson11-58.mp3
@@ -351,7 +365,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson11v14.mp3
en: month (counter)
notes: |
<p>When counting months, you can either use 달 or 개월. When using 달, you must use the pure Korean numbers, and when using 개월, you must use the Sino-Korean numbers. There is no difference in meaning, and both are used frequently</p>
When counting months, you can either use 달 or 개월. When using 달, you must use the pure Korean numbers, and when using 개월, you must use the Sino-Korean numbers. There is no difference in meaning, and both are used frequently
examples:
- ko: 저는 2**개월** 동안 한국어 수업을 들었어요
en: I took a Korean class for 2 **months**
@@ -364,7 +378,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson11nal.mp3
en: day
notes: |
<p>날 is used as a stand alone word and not counted. It is used when talking about a specific day by itself.</p>
날 is used as a stand alone word and not counted. It is used when talking about a specific day by itself.
examples:
- ko: 저는 그 **날**에 갔어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson11-40.mp3
@@ -381,7 +395,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson11v15.mp3
en: one day
notes: |
<p>When counting the number of days, you can usually say something like "5일" (five days). However, for a small number of days (one day, two days) there is a special word that corresponds to that number of days. "일 일" to mean "one day" would never be used.</p>
When counting the number of days, you can usually say something like "5일" (five days). However, for a small number of days (one day, two days) there is a special word that corresponds to that number of days. "일 일" to mean "one day" would never be used.
examples:
- ko: 저는 **하루**에 3시간 동안 공부해요
en: I study for three hours in **one day**
@@ -405,7 +419,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson11v16.mp3
en: two days
notes: |
<p>When counting the number of days, you can usually say something like "5일" (five days). However, for a small number of days (one day, two days) there is a special word that corresponds to that number of days. "이 일" to mean "two days" would be used, but 이틀 would be more common.</p>
When counting the number of days, you can usually say something like "5일" (five days). However, for a small number of days (one day, two days) there is a special word that corresponds to that number of days. "이 일" to mean "two days" would be used, but 이틀 would be more common.
examples:
- ko: 우리는 계곡에 **이틀** 동안 갈 거예요
en: We are going to the valley for **two days**
@@ -422,7 +436,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson11v17.mp3
en: three days
notes: |
<p>Even though "사" ('four') is in the word "사흘," I assure you that 사흘 means "3 days." Many Korean people think that "사흘" actually means "four days," and I have pwned some Korean people by showing them that it actually means "three days" by looking it up in the Korean-Korean dictionary with them.</p>
Even though "사" ('four') is in the word "사흘," I assure you that 사흘 means "3 days." Many Korean people think that "사흘" actually means "four days," and I have pwned some Korean people by showing them that it actually means "three days" by looking it up in the Korean-Korean dictionary with them.
examples:
- ko: 저는 **사흘** 동안 밥을 안 먹었어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson11-32.mp3
@@ -432,8 +446,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson11v18.mp3
en: last week
notes: |
<p>지난 can be placed before some indicators of time to mean "last ...."</p>
<p>There are two similar but different meanings for the word "last" in English. 지난 is used for only ONE of those meanings. 지난 is used to talk about something in the past, as in "last night I went to bed late." It is not used to talk about the last thing in a sequence. See Lessons 10 and 11 for more information.</p>
지난 can be placed before some indicators of time to mean "last ...."
There are two similar but different meanings for the word "last" in English. 지난 is used for only ONE of those meanings. 지난 is used to talk about something in the past, as in "last night I went to bed late." It is not used to talk about the last thing in a sequence. See Lessons 10 and 11 for more information.
examples:
- ko: "**지난** **주**에 저는 계획이 많았어요"
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson11-53.mp3
@@ -552,8 +567,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson11v27.mp3
en: in my whole life
notes: |
<p>This word appears in Korean Sign Explanation [Video 12]</p>
<p><YouTube id="8SWqPYuQskA" /></p>
This word appears in Korean Sign Explanation \[Video 12\]
<YouTube id="8SWqPYuQskA" />
examples:
- ko: 저는 **평생** 동안 하키를 했어요
en: I played hockey my **whole life**
@@ -568,8 +584,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson11v28.mp3
en: usually
notes: |
<p>This can be used as an adverb, for example: "저는 보통 아침 식사를 안 먹어요" = "I usually don't eat breakfast"</p>
<p>It can also be used before a noun to mean "typical" or "usual" for example: "그것은 보통 일이에요" = "That is (just) typical work"</p>
This can be used as an adverb, for example:
- "저는 보통 아침 식사를 안 먹어요" = "I usually don't eat breakfast"
It can also be used before a noun to mean "typical" or "usual" for example:
- "그것은 보통 일이에요" = "That is (just) typical work"
examples:
- ko: 저는 **보통** 아침 식사를 안 먹어요
en: I **usually** don't eat breakfast
docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/12-more-particles.md
+58 -38
View File
@@ -31,8 +31,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson12v4.mp3
en: noise/sound
notes: |
<p>This word appears in my Korean Sign Explanation Video #1.</p>
<p><YouTube id="5oqbDZymdBM" /></p>
This word appears in my Korean Sign Explanation Video #1.
<YouTube id="5oqbDZymdBM" />
examples:
- ko: 무슨 **소리**예요?
en: What is that **sound**?
@@ -70,9 +71,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson12v8.mp3
en: chicken
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "닥"</p>
<p>Typically, the pronunciation of words with four-letter syllables merge with the pronunciation of an attaching grammatical principle. For example, "값" is pronounced as "kap" but 값을 is pronounced as "갑슬." However, the ㄹ in 닭 is usually not pronounced in these cases. For example, 닭을 is usually pronounced as "닥을" or "다글" and 닭이 is usually pronounced as "다기" or "닥이."</p>
<p>When eating Western style chicken (like in KFC), Korean people use the word "치킨"</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "닥"
Typically, the pronunciation of words with four-letter syllables merge with the pronunciation of an attaching grammatical principle. For example, "값" is pronounced as "kap" but 값을 is pronounced as "갑슬." However, the ㄹ in 닭 is usually not pronounced in these cases. For example, 닭을 is usually pronounced as "닥을" or "다글" and 닭이 is usually pronounced as "다기" or "닥이."
When eating Western style chicken (like in KFC), Korean people use the word "치킨"
examples:
- ko: 그 농장은 **닭**을 키워요
en: That farm raises **chickens**
@@ -128,8 +131,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson12v13.mp3
en: to whisper
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "속싸기다"</p>
<p>~아/어: 속삭여, ~ㄴ/은: 속삭인, ~ㄴ/는다: 속삭인다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 속삭입니다, ~ㄹ/을: 속삭일, ~니: 속삭이니, ~ㅁ/음: 속삭임, ~(으)려고: 속삭이려고, ~(으)시: 속삭이시, ~(으)면: 속삭이면, ~(으)니: 속삭이니</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "속싸기다"
~아/어: 속삭여, ~ㄴ/은: 속삭인, ~ㄴ/는다: 속삭인다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 속삭입니다, ~ㄹ/을: 속삭일, ~니: 속삭이니, ~ㅁ/음: 속삭임, ~(으)려고: 속삭이려고, ~(으)시: 속삭이시, ~(으)면: 속삭이면, ~(으)니: 속삭이니
examples:
- ko: 저는 그녀의 귀에 **속삭였어요**
en: I **whispered** into her ear
@@ -148,7 +152,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson12v15.mp3
en: to change
notes: |
<p>~아/어: 바꿔, ~ㄴ/은: 바꾼, ~ㄴ/는다: 바꾼다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 바꿉니다, ~ㄹ/을: 바꿀, ~니: 바꾸니, ~ㅁ/음: 바꿈, ~(으)려고: 바꾸려고, ~(으)시: 바꾸시, ~(으)면: 바꾸면, ~(으)니: 바꾸니</p>
~아/어: 바꿔, ~ㄴ/은: 바꾼, ~ㄴ/는다: 바꾼다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 바꿉니다, ~ㄹ/을: 바꿀, ~니: 바꾸니, ~ㅁ/음: 바꿈, ~(으)려고: 바꾸려고, ~(으)시: 바꾸시, ~(으)면: 바꾸면, ~(으)니: 바꾸니
examples:
- ko: 우리는 계획을 **바꿔**야 돼요
en: We have to **change** our plans
@@ -174,7 +178,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson12v17.mp3
en: to fall
notes: |
<p>~아/어: 넘어져, ~ㄴ/은: 넘어진, ~ㄴ/는다: 넘어진다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 넘어집니다, ~ㄹ/을: 넘어질, ~니: 넘어지니, ~ㅁ/음: 넘어짐, ~(으)려고: 넘어지려고, ~(으)시: 넘어지시, ~(으)면: 넘어지면, ~(으)니: 넘어지니</p>
~아/어: 넘어져, ~ㄴ/은: 넘어진, ~ㄴ/는다: 넘어진다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 넘어집니다, ~ㄹ/을: 넘어질, ~니: 넘어지니, ~ㅁ/음: 넘어짐, ~(으)려고: 넘어지려고, ~(으)시: 넘어지시, ~(으)면: 넘어지면, ~(으)니: 넘어지니
examples:
- ko: 길이 미끄러워서 저는 **넘어졌어요**
en: I **fell over** because the road is slippery
@@ -189,7 +193,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson12v18.mp3
en: to read a book
notes: |
<p>This word less common and more difficult than "읽다." When using 독서하다, within the meaning of the verb is that one is reading a book. You don't need to include the object "책" if using this verb. It is common in its noun form "독서" to refer to the noun of reading a book.</p>
This word less common and more difficult than "읽다." When using 독서하다, within the meaning of the verb is that one is reading a book. You don't need to include the object "책" if using this verb. It is common in its noun form "독서" to refer to the noun of reading a book.
examples:
- ko: 심심할 때 **독서**를 하는 것이 좋아요
en: When bored, **reading books** is good
@@ -219,7 +223,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson12v20.mp3
en: to drink
notes: |
<p>~아/어: 마셔, ~ㄴ/은: 마신, ~ㄴ/는다: 마신다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 마십니다, ~ㄹ/을: 마실, ~니: 마시니, ~ㅁ/음: 마심, ~(으)려고: 마시려고, ~(으)시: 마시시, ~(으)면: 마시면, ~(으)니: 마시니</p>
~아/어: 마셔, ~ㄴ/은: 마신, ~ㄴ/는다: 마신다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 마십니다, ~ㄹ/을: 마실, ~니: 마시니, ~ㅁ/음: 마심, ~(으)려고: 마시려고, ~(으)시: 마시시, ~(으)면: 마시면, ~(으)니: 마시니
examples:
- ko: 저는 애기에게 우유를 **마시**라고 했어요
en: I told the baby to **drink** his milk
@@ -238,9 +242,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson12v21.mp3
en: to get off, to go down, to come down
notes: |
<p>This word appears in my Korean Sign Explanation Video #6</p>
<p><YouTube id="xhkKiuEMcks" /></p>
<p>~아/어: 내려, ~ㄴ/은: 내린, ~ㄴ/는다: 내린다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 내립니다, ~ㄹ/을: 내릴, ~니: 내리니, ~ㅁ/음: 내림, ~(으)려고: 내리려고, ~(으)시: 내리시, ~(으)면: 내리면, ~(으)니: 내리니</p>
This word appears in my Korean Sign Explanation Video #6
<YouTube id="xhkKiuEMcks" />
~아/어: 내려, ~ㄴ/은: 내린, ~ㄴ/는다: 내린다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 내립니다, ~ㄹ/을: 내릴, ~니: 내리니, ~ㅁ/음: 내림, ~(으)려고: 내리려고, ~(으)시: 내리시, ~(으)면: 내리면, ~(으)니: 내리니
examples:
- ko: 저는 다음 정류장에서 **내릴** **거예요**
en: I'm going to **get off** at the next stop
@@ -254,8 +260,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson12v22.mp3
en: to come out
notes: |
<p>Aside from literally meaning "to come out" Korean people use this word to say that somebody is "in" a movie or TV show. In English, I would say "Will Smith is in Men in Black." In Korean, they would say "Will Smith은 Men in Black에 나왔어요."</p>
<p>~아/어: 나와, ~ㄴ/은: 나온, ~ㄴ/는다: 나온다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 나옵니다, ~ㄹ/을: 나올, ~니: 나오니, ~ㅁ/음: 나옴, ~(으)려고: 나오려고, ~(으)시: 나오시, ~(으)면: 나오면, ~(으)니: 나오니</p>
Aside from literally meaning "to come out" Korean people use this word to say that somebody is "in" a movie or TV show. In English, I would say "Will Smith is in Men in Black." In Korean, they would say "Will Smith은 Men in Black에 나왔어요."
~아/어: 나와, ~ㄴ/은: 나온, ~ㄴ/는다: 나온다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 나옵니다, ~ㄹ/을: 나올, ~니: 나오니, ~ㅁ/음: 나옴, ~(으)려고: 나오려고, ~(으)시: 나오시, ~(으)면: 나오면, ~(으)니: 나오니
examples:
- ko: 학생들은 교실에서 **나왔어요**
en: The students **came out** of the classroom
@@ -266,7 +273,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson12v23.mp3
en: to go out
notes: |
<p>~아/어: 나가, ~ㄴ/은: 나간, ~ㄴ/는다: 나간다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 나갑니다, ~ㄹ/을: 나갈, ~니: 나가니, ~ㅁ/음: 나감, ~(으)려고: 나가려고, ~(으)시: 나가시, ~(으)면: 나가면, ~(으)니: 나가니</p>
~아/어: 나가, ~ㄴ/은: 나간, ~ㄴ/는다: 나간다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 나갑니다, ~ㄹ/을: 나갈, ~니: 나가니, ~ㅁ/음: 나감, ~(으)려고: 나가려고, ~(으)시: 나가시, ~(으)면: 나가면, ~(으)니: 나가니
examples:
- ko: 밖에 **나갈래요**?
en: Shall we **go** **out**side?
@@ -283,9 +290,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson12v24.mp3
en: to cover one's head
notes: |
<p>쓰다 follows the ㅡ irregular</p>
<p>The word 씌우다 is used when covering somebody's head with something. The most common case this would come up is when holding an umbrella for somebody.</p>
<p>~아/어: 써, ~ㄴ/은: 쓴, ~ㄴ/는다: 쓴다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 씁니다, ~ㄹ/을: 쓸, ~니: 쓰니, ~ㅁ/음: 씀, ~(으)려고: 쓰려고, ~(으)시: 쓰시, ~(으)면: 쓰면, ~(으)니: 쓰니</p>
쓰다 follows the ㅡ irregular
The word 씌우다 is used when covering somebody's head with something. The most common case this would come up is when holding an umbrella for somebody.
~아/어: 써, ~ㄴ/은: 쓴, ~ㄴ/는다: 쓴다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 씁니다, ~ㄹ/을: 쓸, ~니: 쓰니, ~ㅁ/음: 씀, ~(으)려고: 쓰려고, ~(으)시: 쓰시, ~(으)면: 쓰면, ~(으)니: 쓰니
examples:
- ko: 저의 아버지가 저 모자를 매일 **써**요
en: My dad **wears** that hat every day
@@ -294,9 +303,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson12v25.mp3
en: to not know
notes: |
<p>모르다 follows the 르 irregular</p>
<p>Although "모르겠다" is technically the future tense of the word, it is often used in the present tense to mean "I don't know."</p>
<p>~아/어: 몰라, ~ㄴ/은: 모른, ~ㄴ/는다: 모른다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 모릅니다, ~ㄹ/을: 모를, ~니: 모르니, ~ㅁ/음: 모름, ~(으)려고: 모르려고, ~(으)시: 모르시, ~(으)면: 모르면, ~(으)니: 모르니</p>
모르다 follows the 르 irregular
Although "모르겠다" is technically the future tense of the word, it is often used in the present tense to mean "I don't know."
~아/어: 몰라, ~ㄴ/은: 모른, ~ㄴ/는다: 모른다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 모릅니다, ~ㄹ/을: 모를, ~니: 모르니, ~ㅁ/음: 모름, ~(으)려고: 모르려고, ~(으)시: 모르시, ~(으)면: 모르면, ~(으)니: 모르니
examples:
- ko: 우리가 언제 도착할지 **모르겠어요**
en: I **don't know** when we will arrive
@@ -321,7 +332,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson12v27.mp3
en: to buy
notes: |
<p>~아/어: 사, ~ㄴ/은: 산, ~ㄴ/는다: 산다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 삽니다, ~ㄹ/을: 살, ~니: 사니, ~ㅁ/음: 삶, ~(으)려고: 사려고, ~(으)시: 사시, ~(으)면: 사면, ~(으)니: 사니</p>
~아/어: 사, ~ㄴ/은: 산, ~ㄴ/는다: 산다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 삽니다, ~ㄹ/을: 살, ~니: 사니, ~ㅁ/음: 삶, ~(으)려고: 사려고, ~(으)시: 사시, ~(으)면: 사면, ~(으)니: 사니
examples:
- ko: 저는 사과만 **샀어요**
en: I only **bought** apples
@@ -346,8 +357,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson12v28.mp3
en: to sell
notes: |
<p>팔다 follows the ㄹ irregular</p>
<p>~아/어: 팔아, ~ㄴ/은: 판, ~ㄴ/는다: 판다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 팝니다, ~ㄹ/을: 팔, ~니: 파니, ~ㅁ/음: 팖, ~(으)려고: 팔려고, ~(으)시: 파시, ~(으)면: 팔면, ~(으)니: 파니</p>
팔다 follows the ㄹ irregular
~아/어: 팔아, ~ㄴ/은: 판, ~ㄴ/는다: 판다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 팝니다, ~ㄹ/을: 팔, ~니: 파니, ~ㅁ/음: 팖, ~(으)려고: 팔려고, ~(으)시: 파시, ~(으)면: 팔면, ~(으)니: 파니
examples:
- ko: 우리는 밥과 빵을 **팔아요**
en: We **sell** rice and bread
@@ -369,9 +381,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson12v29.mp3
en: to be thin
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "얄따"</p>
<p>This is not used to talk about people, only when talking about objects being thin</p>
<p>~아/어: 얇아, ~ㄴ/은: 얇은, ~ㅂ/습니다: 얇습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 얇을, ~니: 얇으니, ~ㅁ/음: 얇음, ~(으)려고: 얇으려고, ~(으)시: 얇으시, ~(으)면: 얇으면, ~(으)니: 얇으니</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "얄따"
This is not used to talk about people, only when talking about objects being thin
~아/어: 얇아, ~ㄴ/은: 얇은, ~ㅂ/습니다: 얇습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 얇을, ~니: 얇으니, ~ㅁ/음: 얇음, ~(으)려고: 얇으려고, ~(으)시: 얇으시, ~(으)면: 얇으면, ~(으)니: 얇으니
examples:
- ko: 이 종이는 너무 **얇아요**
en: This paper is too **thin**
@@ -380,8 +394,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson12v30.mp3
en: to be moderate
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "적땅하다"</p>
<p>This word is often used in the adverb form to make "적당히" (moderately)</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "적땅하다"
This word is often used in the adverb form to make "적당히" (moderately)
examples:
- ko: "**적당히** 먹어!"
en: Eat **moderately** (don't eat too much!)
@@ -390,7 +405,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson12v31.mp3
en: to be young
notes: |
<p>~아/어: 어려, ~ㄴ/은: 어린, ~ㅂ/습니다: 어립니다, ~ㄹ/을: 어릴, ~니: 어리니, ~ㅁ/음: 어림, ~(으)려고: 어리려고, ~(으)시: 어리시, ~(으)면: 어리면, ~(으)니: 어리니</p>
~아/어: 어려, ~ㄴ/은: 어린, ~ㅂ/습니다: 어립니다, ~ㄹ/을: 어릴, ~니: 어리니, ~ㅁ/음: 어림, ~(으)려고: 어리려고, ~(으)시: 어리시, ~(으)면: 어리면, ~(으)니: 어리니
examples:
- ko: 저의 여자 친구는 **어려요**
en: My girlfriend is **young**
@@ -407,7 +422,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson12v32.mp3
en: to be glad
notes: |
<p>~아/어: 기뻐, ~ㄴ/은: 기쁜, ~ㅂ/습니다: 기쁩니다, ~ㄹ/을: 기쁠, ~니: 기쁘니, ~ㅁ/음: 기쁨, ~(으)려고: 기쁘려고, ~(으)시: 기쁘시, ~(으)면: 기쁘면, ~(으)니: 기쁘니</p>
~아/어: 기뻐, ~ㄴ/은: 기쁜, ~ㅂ/습니다: 기쁩니다, ~ㄹ/을: 기쁠, ~니: 기쁘니, ~ㅁ/음: 기쁨, ~(으)려고: 기쁘려고, ~(으)시: 기쁘시, ~(으)면: 기쁘면, ~(으)니: 기쁘니
examples:
- ko: 우리가 만나서 **기뻐요**
en: I am **glad** that we met
@@ -453,9 +468,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson12v36.mp3
en: side/direction
notes: |
<p>쪽 is a noun, but a special noun. I refer to these sometimes as "pseudo-nouns" in my lessons. Other nouns like this are 적 (Lesson 32) and 수 (Lesson 45). 쪽 can only ever be used when some sort of context is given to it.</p>
<p>I talk about the use of 쪽 in a Korean sign in this Youtube Video.</p>
<p><YouTube id="6swm1JYafsE" /></p>
쪽 is a noun, but a special noun. I refer to these sometimes as "pseudo-nouns" in my lessons. Other nouns like this are 적 (Lesson 32) and 수 (Lesson 45). 쪽 can only ever be used when some sort of context is given to it.
I talk about the use of 쪽 in a Korean sign in this Youtube Video.
<YouTube id="6swm1JYafsE" />
examples:
- ko: 우리가 저**쪽**으로 가야 돼요
en: We have to go **that way (in that direction)**
@@ -498,8 +515,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson12v39.mp3
en: some ___, how many (used with a counter)
notes: |
<p>몇 is placed before a counter to ask "how many" of something. For example: "펜 몇 개 있어요?" = "How many pens do you have" (see Lesson 22 for more information)</p>
<p>몇 can also be used to mean "some." For example: "저는 사과 몇 개를 샀어요" = "I bought some apples" (see Lesson 12 for more information)</p>
몇 is placed before a counter to ask "how many" of something. For example:
- "펜 몇 개 있어요?" = "How many pens do you have" (see Lesson 22 for more information)
몇 can also be used to mean "some." For example:
- "저는 사과 몇 개를 샀어요" = "I bought some apples" (see Lesson 12 for more information)
examples:
- ko: 저는 친구 몇 명을 만났어요
en: I met **some** friends
docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/13-and-with.md
+70 -41
View File
@@ -5,10 +5,13 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson13v1.mp3
en: fact
notes: |
<p>Often used at the start of sentences to mean "actually..." When used like this, it is common to colloquially say "실은..."</p>
<p>Also commonly used as the noun in a quoted version of ~는 것. For example: "그녀는 아이가 죽었다는 사실을 숨겼어요" = "She hid (the fact that) her child died"</p>
<p>See <a href="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-3-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-3-lessons-51-58/lesson-52/">Lesson 52</a> for more information on this.</p>
<p>It can also be used to literally mean "fact"</p>
Often used at the start of sentences to mean "actually..." When used like this, it is common to colloquially say "실은..."
Also commonly used as the noun in a quoted version of ~는 것. For example: "그녀는 아이가 죽었다는 사실을 숨겼어요" = "She hid (the fact that) her child died"
See [Lesson 52](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-3-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-3-lessons-51-58/lesson-52/) for more information on this.
It can also be used to literally mean "fact"
examples:
- ko: 그것은 **사실**이에요?
en: Is that **true**? (is that a **fact**?)
@@ -58,7 +61,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson13v5.mp3
en: land
notes: |
<p>'독도는 우리땅이다' is a famous saying that Korean people use to express that Dokdo, the disputed territory between Korea and Japan belongs to Korea. This was written on a sign by a fan during the 2012 Olympics in London and when the Korean team one, a Korean player took the sign and ran around the field with it. The player got in a lot of trouble for bringing political elements into the Olympics. By the way, Dokdo does belong to Korea.</p>
'독도는 우리땅이다' is a famous saying that Korean people use to express that Dokdo, the disputed territory between Korea and Japan belongs to Korea. This was written on a sign by a fan during the 2012 Olympics in London and when the Korean team one, a Korean player took the sign and ran around the field with it. The player got in a lot of trouble for bringing political elements into the Olympics. By the way, Dokdo does belong to Korea.
examples:
- ko: 한국은 다른 나라보다 **땅**이 작아요
en: Korea's **land** is small compared to other countries
@@ -87,8 +90,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson13v8.mp3
en: trash/garbage
notes: |
<p>This word appears in my Korean Sign Explanation Video 5.</p>
<p><YouTube id="wMRfpE9JdUo" /></p>
This word appears in my Korean Sign Explanation Video 5.
<YouTube id="wMRfpE9JdUo" />
examples:
- ko: "**쓰레기**를 버려 주세요"
en: Please throw out your **garbage**
@@ -182,8 +186,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson13v18.mp3
en: to rise, to get up
notes: |
<p>There are many adverbs that are used in specific situations to give a sentence feel or emphasis. To indicate that one "sprang" up, the adverb 벌떡 can be used.</p>
<p>일어나다 literally means "to get up" from a sitting/laying position to a standing position. However, it is often used to indicate that one "wakes up" because one usually "gets up" from bed when they wake up. As such, the translation of "일어나다" could be "to get up" or "to wake up" depending on the situation.</p>
There are many adverbs that are used in specific situations to give a sentence feel or emphasis. To indicate that one "sprang" up, the adverb 벌떡 can be used.
일어나다 literally means "to get up" from a sitting/laying position to a standing position. However, it is often used to indicate that one "wakes up" because one usually "gets up" from bed when they wake up. As such, the translation of "일어나다" could be "to get up" or "to wake up" depending on the situation.
examples:
- ko: "언제 **일어났어요**?"
en: When did you **get up**?
@@ -216,8 +221,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson13v21.mp3
en: to come in
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "드러오다"</p>
<p>Formed by combining 들다 (to enter) and 오다 (to come). See Lesson 15 for more information.</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "드러오다"
Formed by combining 들다 (to enter) and 오다 (to come). See Lesson 15 for more information.
examples:
- ko: 학생들은 9시에 학교에 **들어왔어요**
en: The students **came into** the school at 9:00
@@ -228,10 +234,13 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson13v22.mp3
en: to go in
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "드러가다"</p>
<p>Formed by combining 들다 (to enter) and 가다 (to go). See Lesson 15 for more information.</p>
<p>"들어가세요" is often said to people when they leave a place, almost as a greeting like "goodbye."</p>
<p>Often used with ~아/어 있다 to indicate that something contains something. For example: "김치에 고추가 들어가 있어요" = "There is red peppers in 김치"</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "드러가다"
Formed by combining 들다 (to enter) and 가다 (to go). See Lesson 15 for more information.
"들어가세요" is often said to people when they leave a place, almost as a greeting like "goodbye."
Often used with ~아/어 있다 to indicate that something contains something. For example: "김치에 고추가 들어가 있어요" = "There is red peppers in 김치"
examples:
- ko: 샴푸가 눈에 **들어갔어요**
en: Shampoo **went** **into** my eyes
@@ -252,8 +261,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson13v23.mp3
en: to enter (the verb form of 'admission')
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "입짱하다"</p>
<p>The noun form of this word translates to "admission"</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "입짱하다"
The noun form of this word translates to "admission"
examples:
- ko: 몇 시부터 **입장할** 수 있어요?
en: From what time can we **enter**?
@@ -270,9 +280,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson13v25.mp3
en: to be interesting
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "흥미롭따"</p>
<p>흥미롭다 follows the ㅂ irregular</p>
<p>~아/어: 흥미로워, ~ㄴ/은: 흥미로운, ~ㅂ/습니다: 흥미롭습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 흥미로울, ~니: 흥미로우니, ~ㅁ/음: 흥미로움, ~(으)려고: 흥미로우려고, ~(으)시: 흥미로우시, ~(으)면: 흥미로우면, ~(으)니: 흥미로우니</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "흥미롭따"
흥미롭다 follows the ㅂ irregular
~아/어: 흥미로워, ~ㄴ/은: 흥미로운, ~ㅂ/습니다: 흥미롭습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 흥미로울, ~니: 흥미로우니, ~ㅁ/음: 흥미로움, ~(으)려고: 흥미로우려고, ~(으)시: 흥미로우시, ~(으)면: 흥미로우면, ~(으)니: 흥미로우니
examples:
- ko: 화학은 매우 **흥미로워요**
en: Chemistry is very **interesting**
@@ -285,10 +297,16 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson13v26.mp3
en: to be late
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "늗따"</p>
<p>This is often irrelevant, but 늦다 is both a verb and an adjective. As a verb, it usually indicates that one arrives late. For example: "우리가 늦어서 죄송해요" = "Sorry we arrived late"</p>
<p>It is often used as an adjective to describe a time that is late. For example: "우리는 늦은 저녁을 먹었어요" = "We ate a late dinner"</p>
<p>As an adjective, ~게 is often added to it in order to create an adverb. For example: "그녀는 언제나 늦게 와요" = "She comes late every time"</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "늗따"
This is often irrelevant, but 늦다 is both a verb and an adjective. As a verb, it usually indicates that one arrives late. For example:
- "우리가 늦어서 죄송해요" = "Sorry we arrived late"
It is often used as an adjective to describe a time that is late. For example:
- "우리는 늦은 저녁을 먹었어요" = "We ate a late dinner"
As an adjective, ~게 is often added to it in order to create an adverb. For example:
- "그녀는 언제나 늦게 와요" = "She comes late every time"
examples:
- ko: 우리가 **늦**어서 죄송해요
en: Sorry we arrived **late**
@@ -303,7 +321,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson13v27.mp3
en: to be cool, to be relaxing
notes: |
<p>In addition to meaning "cool" (as in temperature), this word is often used to describe the feeling you get when somebody gives you a massage.</p>
In addition to meaning "cool" (as in temperature), this word is often used to describe the feeling you get when somebody gives you a massage.
examples:
- ko: 요즘에 날씨가 **시원해요**
en: These days the weather is **cool**
@@ -316,8 +334,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson13v28.mp3
en: to be jealous
notes: |
<p>The noun form of this word translates to "jealousy" or "envy"</p>
<p>Often used as "질투가 나다." See Lesson 14 for more information on how the word "나다" works in these situations.</p>
The noun form of this word translates to "jealousy" or "envy"
Often used as "질투가 나다." See Lesson 14 for more information on how the word "나다" works in these situations.
examples:
- ko: 저의 남자 친구는 항상 **질투해요**
en: My boyfriend is always **jealous**
@@ -326,9 +345,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson13v29.mp3
en: to be spicy
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "맵따"</p>
<p>맵다 follows the ㅂ irregular</p>
<p>~아/어: 매워, ~ㄴ/은: 매운, ~ㅂ/습니다: 맵습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 매울, ~니: 매우니, ~ㅁ/음: 매움, ~(으)려고: 매우려고, ~(으)시: 매우시, ~(으)면: 매우면, ~(으)니: 매우니</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "맵따"
맵다 follows the ㅂ irregular
~아/어: 매워, ~ㄴ/은: 매운, ~ㅂ/습니다: 맵습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 매울, ~니: 매우니, ~ㅁ/음: 매움, ~(으)려고: 매우려고, ~(으)시: 매우시, ~(으)면: 매우면, ~(으)니: 매우니
examples:
- ko: 저는 **매운** 것을 못 먹어요
en: I can't eat **spicy** things
@@ -341,8 +362,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson13v30.mp3
en: to be sorry
notes: |
<p>This word appears in my Korean Sign Explanation Video #3.</p>
<p><YouTube id="Q2KFITCbZ5s" /></p>
This word appears in my Korean Sign Explanation Video #3.
<YouTube id="Q2KFITCbZ5s" />
examples:
- ko: 늦게 와서 **죄송합니다**!
en: "**Sorry** for coming late!"
@@ -361,9 +383,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson13v32.mp3
en: to be heavy
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "무겁따"</p>
<p>무겁다 follows the ㅂ irregular</p>
<p>~아/어: 무거워, ~ㄴ/은: 무거운, ~ㅂ/습니다: 무겁습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 무거울, ~니: 무거우니, ~ㅁ/음: 무거움, ~(으)려고: 무거우려고, ~(으)시: 무거우시, ~(으)면: 무거우면, ~(으)니: 무거우니</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "무겁따"
무겁다 follows the ㅂ irregular
~아/어: 무거워, ~ㄴ/은: 무거운, ~ㅂ/습니다: 무겁습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 무거울, ~니: 무거우니, ~ㅁ/음: 무거움, ~(으)려고: 무거우려고, ~(으)시: 무거우시, ~(으)면: 무거우면, ~(으)니: 무거우니
examples:
- ko: 이 가방은 너무 **무거워요**
en: This bag is too **heavy**
@@ -374,9 +398,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson13v33.mp3
en: to be light
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "가볍따"</p>
<p>가볍다 follows the ㅂ irregular</p>
<p>~아/어: 가벼워, ~ㄴ/은: 가벼운, ~ㅂ/습니다: 가볍습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 가벼울, ~니: 가벼우니, ~ㅁ/음: 가벼움, ~(으)려고: 가벼우려고, ~(으)시: 가벼우시, ~(으)면: 가벼우면, ~(으)니: 가벼우니</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "가볍따"
가볍다 follows the ㅂ irregular
~아/어: 가벼워, ~ㄴ/은: 가벼운, ~ㅂ/습니다: 가볍습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 가벼울, ~니: 가벼우니, ~ㅁ/음: 가벼움, ~(으)려고: 가벼우려고, ~(으)시: 가벼우시, ~(으)면: 가벼우면, ~(으)니: 가벼우니
examples:
- ko: 이 가방은 **가벼워요**
en: This bag is **light**
@@ -398,9 +424,12 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson13v20.mp3
en: to be familiar with something
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "익쑤카다"</p>
<p>The most common definition of 익숙하다 is "to be familiar with," but in sentences I prefer to use "to be used to."</p>
<p>For example, if you buy a new pair of shoes, and you still kind of prefer your previous shoes, you could say "새로운 신발에 아직 익숙하지 않아요." ("I'm not used to the new shoes yet").</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "익쑤카다"
The most common definition of 익숙하다 is "to be familiar with," but in sentences I prefer to use "to be used to."
For example, if you buy a new pair of shoes, and you still kind of prefer your previous shoes, you could say
- "새로운 신발에 아직 익숙하지 않아요." ("I'm not used to the new shoes yet").
examples:
- ko: 저는 한국 음식 맛에 **익숙해요**
en: I am **used to** the taste of Korean food
docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/14-passive.md
+47 -36
View File
@@ -5,8 +5,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson14v1.mp3
en: smell
notes: |
<p>It is hard for an English speaker to understand this word. "냄새" is a noun that means "smell." If you want to say that something is smelly (adjective), you need to use the verb 나다, which is very confusing. 나다 acts as a passive verb which is introduced in Lesson 14.</p>
<p>For a positive/good smell, the word "향" is more commonly used.</p>
It is hard for an English speaker to understand this word. "냄새" is a noun that means "smell." If you want to say that something is smelly (adjective), you need to use the verb 나다, which is very confusing. 나다 acts as a passive verb which is introduced in Lesson 14.
For a positive/good smell, the word "향" is more commonly used.
examples:
- ko: 그 방에서 **냄새**가 나요
en: That room is **smelly** (A **smell** is coming out of that room)
@@ -102,8 +103,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson14v8.mp3
en: memory
notes: |
<p>The verb form of this word translates to "to remember"</p>
<p>The word 나다 is often used to indicate that a memory "comes" up. See Lesson 14 for more information.</p>
The verb form of this word translates to "to remember"
The word 나다 is often used to indicate that a memory "comes" up. See Lesson 14 for more information.
examples:
- ko: 저는 그 사람의 이름이 **기억**이 안 나요
en: I can't **remember** that person's name
@@ -162,9 +164,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson14v13.mp3
en: to turn off
notes: |
<p>The passive form of this word is "꺼지다" (to be turned off)</p>
<p>끄다 follows the ㅡ irregular</p>
<p>~아/어: 꺼, ~ㄴ/은: 끈, ~ㄴ/는다: 끈다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 끕니다, ~ㄹ/을: 끌, ~니: 끄니, ~ㅁ/음: 끔, ~(으)려고: 끄려고, ~(으)시: 끄시, ~(으)면: 끄면, ~(으)니: 끄니</p>
The passive form of this word is "꺼지다" (to be turned off)
끄다 follows the ㅡ irregular
~아/어: 꺼, ~ㄴ/은: 끈, ~ㄴ/는다: 끈다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 끕니다, ~ㄹ/을: 끌, ~니: 끄니, ~ㅁ/음: 끔, ~(으)려고: 끄려고, ~(으)시: 끄시, ~(으)면: 끄면, ~(으)니: 끄니
examples:
- ko: 저는 불을 **껐어요**
en: I **turned** the lights **off**
@@ -175,8 +179,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson14v14.mp3
en: to hide oneself
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "숨따"</p>
<p>This is used when somebody hides his/herself. When hiding an object, 숨기다 is used.</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "숨따"
This is used when somebody hides his/herself. When hiding an object, 숨기다 is used.
examples:
- ko: 저는 큰 박스 뒤에 **숨었어요**
en: I **hid** behind a big box
@@ -185,8 +190,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson14v15.mp3
en: to hide an object
notes: |
<p>When hiding oneself, the word 숨다 is used. For example: "저는 박스 뒤에 숨었어요"</p>
<p>However, when hiding an object, 숨기다 is used.</p>
When hiding oneself, the word 숨다 is used. For example: "저는 박스 뒤에 숨었어요"
However, when hiding an object, 숨기다 is used.
examples:
- ko: 저는 반지를 박스 안에 **숨겼어요**
en: I **hid** the ring in a box
@@ -205,8 +211,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson14v17.mp3
en: to lay an object down
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "노타"</p>
<p>The passive form of this word is "놓이다" (to be placed on something)</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "노타"
The passive form of this word is "놓이다" (to be placed on something)
examples:
- ko: 펜을 탁자에 **놓으세요**!
en: "**Put** your pens on the table!"
@@ -217,9 +224,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson14v18.mp3
en: to lie down
notes: |
<p>눕다 follows the ㅂ irregular</p>
<p>The word 눕히다 is used to indicate that you laid another person down</p>
<p>~아/어: 누워, ~ㄴ/은: 누운, ~ㅂ/습니다: 눕습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 누울, ~니: 누우니, ~ㅁ/음: 누움, ~(으)려고: 누우려고, ~(으)시: 누우시, ~(으)면: 누우면, ~(으)니: 누우니</p>
눕다 follows the ㅂ irregular
The word 눕히다 is used to indicate that you laid another person down
~아/어: 누워, ~ㄴ/은: 누운, ~ㅂ/습니다: 눕습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 누울, ~니: 누우니, ~ㅁ/음: 누움, ~(으)려고: 누우려고, ~(으)시: 누우시, ~(으)면: 누우면, ~(으)니: 누우니
examples:
- ko: 저는 침대에 잠깐 **눕**고 싶어요
en: I want to **lie down** for just a second
@@ -264,7 +273,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson14v22.mp3
en: to include
notes: |
<p>See Lesson 71 for more information</p>
See Lesson 71 for more information
examples:
- ko: 이 가격은 세금을 **포함해요**
en: This price **includes** tax
@@ -277,17 +286,16 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson14v23.mp3
en: to make something come up/arise/occur
notes: |
<p>Words ending in 내다 can usually be switched to end in 나다 to change the meaning from active to passive (and vice-versa). However, not all words ending in 나다 have an equivalent 내다 verb (and vice-versa). 나다 and 내다 can be used as standalone verbs as well as be attached to other words. Both of their meanings are very complex and depend heavily on the situation. When used by itself, it usually translates to "pay" or to "submit". For example:</p>
<ul>
<li>돈을 내다 = to pay (money)</li>
<li>세금을 내다 = to pay taxes</li>
<li>신청 서류를 내다 = to submit an application form</li>
</ul>
<p>However, it can be found attached to many words that also have a 나다 (passive) equivalent:</p>
<ul>
<li>저는 컴퓨터를 고장 냈어요 = I broke the computer</li>
<li>저는 숙제를 끝냈어요 = I finished my homework</li>
</ul>
Words ending in 내다 can usually be switched to end in 나다 to change the meaning from active to passive (and vice-versa). However, not all words ending in 나다 have an equivalent 내다 verb (and vice-versa). 나다 and 내다 can be used as standalone verbs as well as be attached to other words. Both of their meanings are very complex and depend heavily on the situation. When used by itself, it usually translates to "pay" or to "submit". For example:
* 돈을 내다 = to pay (money)
* 세금을 내다 = to pay taxes
* 신청 서류를 내다 = to submit an application form
However, it can be found attached to many words that also have a 나다 (passive) equivalent:
* 저는 컴퓨터를 고장 냈어요 = I broke the computer
* 저는 숙제를 끝냈어요 = I finished my homework
examples:
- ko: 저는 컴퓨터를 고장 **냈어요**
en: I broke the computer
@@ -318,8 +326,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson14v26.mp3
en: to impress
notes: |
<p>The noun form of this word translates to "impression"</p>
<p>More commonly used as 감동받다 (to be impressed) and 감동시키다 (to impress)</p>
The noun form of this word translates to "impression"
More commonly used as 감동받다 (to be impressed) and 감동시키다 (to impress)
examples:
- ko: 저는 당신의 말에 **감동받았어요**
en: I was **impressed** with what you said
@@ -330,7 +339,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson14v27.mp3
en: to stand
notes: |
<p>To indicate that you went from the sitting/lying down position to standing, the word "일어나다" (to get up) should be used.</p>
To indicate that you went from the sitting/lying down position to standing, the word "일어나다" (to get up) should be used.
examples:
- ko: 우리는 한 시간 동안 줄에 **서 있었어요**
en: We were **standing** in the line for an hour
@@ -366,7 +375,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson14v30.mp3
en: to have something you didn't have
notes: |
<p>Words ending in 나다 can usually be switched to end in 내다 to change the meaning from passive to active (and vice-versa). However, not all words ending in 나다 have an equivalent 내다 verb (and vice-versa). 나다 and 내다 can be used as standalone verbs as well as be attached to other words. Both of their meanings are very complex and depend heavily on the situation. I discuss this more deeply in this lesson. Furthermore, a detailed list of many ways 나다 can be used is shown in Lesson 128.</p>
Words ending in 나다 can usually be switched to end in 내다 to change the meaning from passive to active (and vice-versa). However, not all words ending in 나다 have an equivalent 내다 verb (and vice-versa). 나다 and 내다 can be used as standalone verbs as well as be attached to other words. Both of their meanings are very complex and depend heavily on the situation. I discuss this more deeply in this lesson. Furthermore, a detailed list of many ways 나다 can be used is shown in Lesson 128.
examples:
- ko: 좋은 생각이 **났어요**!
en: I **have** a good idea
@@ -404,8 +413,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson14v34.mp3
en: for an object to be lying down
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "노이다"</p>
<p>The active form of this word is "놓다" (to put down)</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "노이다"
The active form of this word is "놓다" (to put down)
examples:
- ko: 펜이 탁자에 **놓여 있어요**
en: The pen is **on** the table (**lying on** the table)
@@ -436,8 +446,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson14v37.mp3
en: to be tricked
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "속따"</p>
<p>The active form of this word is "속이다" (to trick)</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "속따"
The active form of this word is "속이다" (to trick)
examples:
- ko: 저는 친구에게 **속았어요**
en: I was **tricked** by my friend
docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/15-good-carry-similar.md
+120 -84
View File
@@ -248,13 +248,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v17.mp3
en: past
notes: |
<ul>
<li>저는 <strong>과거</strong>에 그런 행동을 많이 했어요 = <span class="md spoiler">I acted like that a lot in the <strong>past</strong></span></li>
</ul>
<p>It can also be used as a noun, for example:</p>
<ul>
<li>그의 <strong>과거</strong>는 큰 비밀이에요 = <span class="md spoiler">His <strong>past</strong> is a big secret</span></li>
</ul>
* 저는 **과거**에 그런 행동을 많이 했어요 = I acted like that a lot in the **past**
It can also be used as a noun, for example:
* 그의 **과거**는 큰 비밀이에요 = His **past** is a big secret
examples:
- ko: "저는 **과거**에 그런 행동을 많이 했어요"
en: "I acted like that a lot in the **past**"
@@ -316,10 +314,13 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 꿈속에
en: in one's dream
notes: |
<p>Korean people can’t explain the difference between <TTS>안</TTS> and <TTS>속</TTS>.</p>
<p>속 is more commonly used when, if you enter something, the place will be <span class="md spoiler">filled with stuff and is not “empty”</span>. Conversely, “안” would be more commonly used when, if you enter something, the place is <span class="md spoiler">basically empty</span>.</p>
<p>For example, if you enter water or if you enter your body. In both cases, “속” would be used to refer to the inside of a body, or the inside of water. If you enter your body, it is filled with stuff, and if you enter the water, it is still all water.</p>
<p>The opposite is if you are talking about a room, or a building. You can go into those places and it is relatively empty.</p>
Korean people can’t explain the difference between 안 and 속.
속 is more commonly used when, if you enter something, the place will be filled with stuff and is not “empty”. Conversely, “안” would be more commonly used when, if you enter something, the place is basically empty.
For example, if you enter water or if you enter your body. In both cases, “속” would be used to refer to the inside of a body, or the inside of water. If you enter your body, it is filled with stuff, and if you enter the water, it is still all water.
The opposite is if you are talking about a room, or a building. You can go into those places and it is relatively empty.
examples:
- ko: 저는 **속**이 안 좋아요
en: I don't feel good (my **insides** aren't good)
@@ -329,9 +330,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v19.mp3
en: to lift, to carry, to hold
notes: |
<p>들다 follows the ㄹ irregular</p>
<p>들다 can be used in many different ways. "to lift/carry/hold something" is one of the main overarching usages. See below in this lesson for more information</p>
<p>~아/어: 들어, ~ㄴ/은: 든, ~ㄴ/는다: 든다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 듭니다, ~ㄹ/을: 들, ~니: 드니, ~ㅁ/음: 듦, ~(으)려고: 들려고, ~(으)시: 드시, ~(으)면: 들면, ~(으)니: 드니</p>
들다 follows the ㄹ irregular
들다 can be used in many different ways. "to lift/carry/hold something" is one of the main overarching usages. See below in this lesson for more information
~아/어: 들어, ~ㄴ/은: 든, ~ㄴ/는다: 든다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 듭니다, ~ㄹ/을: 들, ~니: 드니, ~ㅁ/음: 듦, ~(으)려고: 들려고, ~(으)시: 드시, ~(으)면: 들면, ~(으)니: 드니
usages:
- ko: 고개를 들다
en: to raise one's head
@@ -353,9 +356,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v20.mp3
en: to enter, to go into
notes: |
<p>들다 follows the ㄹ irregular</p>
<p>들다 can be used in many different ways. "to enter, go into" is one of the main overarching usages. See below in this lesson for more information</p>
<p>~아/어: 들어, ~ㄴ/은: 든, ~ㄴ/는다: 든다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 듭니다, ~ㄹ/을: 들, ~니: 드니, ~ㅁ/음: 듦, ~(으)려고: 들려고, ~(으)시: 드시, ~(으)면: 들면, ~(으)니: 드니</p>
들다 follows the ㄹ irregular
들다 can be used in many different ways. "to enter, go into" is one of the main overarching usages. See below in this lesson for more information
~아/어: 들어, ~ㄴ/은: 든, ~ㄴ/는다: 든다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 듭니다, ~ㄹ/을: 들, ~니: 드니, ~ㅁ/음: 듦, ~(으)려고: 들려고, ~(으)시: 드시, ~(으)면: 들면, ~(으)니: 드니
usages:
- ko: 들어가다
en: to go in
@@ -374,15 +379,23 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v21.mp3
en: to bring an object
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "가저오다"</p>
<p>This is not used when you "bring" a person somewhere. Instead, the word "데려오다" is used</p>
<p>가져오다 often translates to "to bring" and 가져가다 often translates to "to take." However, the translation of "to bring" could work for both 가져오다 and 가져가다.</p>
<p>가지다 means "to possess" and "오다" and "가다" mean "to come" and "to go" respectively. Deciding to use 가져오다 or 가져가다 depends on the point of reference of the acting agent in the sentence to the speaker. Specifically, whether the acting agent is coming or going to the location in question.</p>
<p>Imagine you have money at your house, and you will go to your friend's house later to give it to him. Therefore, you will have to "bring" or "take" (same meaning) that money with you when you head over there. If you are currently at your house and are talking to your friend about what you will do, you should use the word "가져가다" because you are going to your friend's house while in possession of the money (저는 돈을 가져갈 거예요). In this example, 가져가다 is used and the best English translation would be "I will bring the money."</p>
<p>However, imagine you have already arrived at your friend's house with the money. You can use the word "가져오다" because you came to your friend's house while in possession of the money (저는 돈을 가져왔어요). In this example, 가져오다 is used and the best English translation would be "I brought the money."</p>
<p>People would read those two examples and think "Oh, so if it is something happening in the future – I should use 가져가다 and if it is something happening in the past, I should use 가져오다."</p>
<p>No. It has nothing to do with the tense of the sentence. It has everything to do with the point of reference of the acting agent of the sentence to the speaker.</p>
<p>For example, imagine you are at your house with the money. If your friend wants to tell you to "bring the money," he should use the word "가져오다" because you are coming (not going) to him. To his reference, you are "coming." In this case, 가져오다 should be used.</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "가저오다"
This is not used when you "bring" a person somewhere. Instead, the word "데려오다" is used
가져오다 often translates to "to bring" and 가져가다 often translates to "to take." However, the translation of "to bring" could work for both 가져오다 and 가져가다.
가지다 means "to possess" and "오다" and "가다" mean "to come" and "to go" respectively. Deciding to use 가져오다 or 가져가다 depends on the point of reference of the acting agent in the sentence to the speaker. Specifically, whether the acting agent is coming or going to the location in question.
Imagine you have money at your house, and you will go to your friend's house later to give it to him. Therefore, you will have to "bring" or "take" (same meaning) that money with you when you head over there. If you are currently at your house and are talking to your friend about what you will do, you should use the word "가져가다" because you are going to your friend's house while in possession of the money (저는 돈을 가져갈 거예요). In this example, 가져가다 is used and the best English translation would be "I will bring the money."
However, imagine you have already arrived at your friend's house with the money. You can use the word "가져오다" because you came to your friend's house while in possession of the money (저는 돈을 가져왔어요). In this example, 가져오다 is used and the best English translation would be "I brought the money."
People would read those two examples and think "Oh, so if it is something happening in the future – I should use 가져가다 and if it is something happening in the past, I should use 가져오다."
No. It has nothing to do with the tense of the sentence. It has everything to do with the point of reference of the acting agent of the sentence to the speaker.
For example, imagine you are at your house with the money. If your friend wants to tell you to "bring the money," he should use the word "가져오다" because you are coming (not going) to him. To his reference, you are "coming." In this case, 가져오다 should be used.
examples:
- ko: 저는 저의 숙제를 **가져왔어요**
en: I **brought** my homework
@@ -397,15 +410,23 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v22.mp3
en: to bring/take an object
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "가저가다"</p>
<p>This is not used when you "take" a person somewhere. Instead, the word "데려가다" is used</p>
<p>가져오다 often translates to "to bring" and 가져가다 often translates to "to take." However, the translation of "to bring" could work for both 가져오다 and 가져가다.</p>
<p>가지다 means "to possess" and "오다" and "가다" mean "to come" and "to go" respectively. Deciding to use 가져오다 or 가져가다 depends on the point of reference of the acting agent in the sentence to the speaker. Specifically, whether the acting agent is coming or going to the location in question.</p>
<p>Imagine you have money at your house, and you will go to your friend's house later to give it to him. Therefore, you will have to "bring" or "take" (same meaning) that money with you when you head over there. If you are currently at your house and are talking to your friend about what you will do, you should use the word "가져가다" because you are going to your friend's house while in possession of the money (저는 돈을 가져갈 거예요). In this example, 가져가다 is used and the best English translation would be "I will bring the money."</p>
<p>However, imagine you have already arrived at your friend's house with the money. You can use the word "가져오다" because you came to your friend's house while in possession of the money (저는 돈을 가져왔어요). In this example, 가져오다 is used and the best English translation would be "I brought the money."</p>
<p>People would read those two examples and think "Oh, so if it is something happening in the future – I should use 가져가다 and if it is something happening in the past, I should use 가져오다."</p>
<p>No. It has nothing to do with the tense of the sentence. It has everything to do with the point of reference of the acting agent of the sentence to the speaker.</p>
<p>For example, imagine you are at your house with the money. If your friend wants to tell you to "bring the money," he should use the word "가져오다" because you are coming (not going) to him. To his reference, you are "coming." In this case, 가져오다 should be used.</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "가저가다"
This is not used when you "take" a person somewhere. Instead, the word "데려가다" is used
가져오다 often translates to "to bring" and 가져가다 often translates to "to take." However, the translation of "to bring" could work for both 가져오다 and 가져가다.
가지다 means "to possess" and "오다" and "가다" mean "to come" and "to go" respectively. Deciding to use 가져오다 or 가져가다 depends on the point of reference of the acting agent in the sentence to the speaker. Specifically, whether the acting agent is coming or going to the location in question.
Imagine you have money at your house, and you will go to your friend's house later to give it to him. Therefore, you will have to "bring" or "take" (same meaning) that money with you when you head over there. If you are currently at your house and are talking to your friend about what you will do, you should use the word "가져가다" because you are going to your friend's house while in possession of the money (저는 돈을 가져갈 거예요). In this example, 가져가다 is used and the best English translation would be "I will bring the money."
However, imagine you have already arrived at your friend's house with the money. You can use the word "가져오다" because you came to your friend's house while in possession of the money (저는 돈을 가져왔어요). In this example, 가져오다 is used and the best English translation would be "I brought the money."
People would read those two examples and think "Oh, so if it is something happening in the future – I should use 가져가다 and if it is something happening in the past, I should use 가져오다."
No. It has nothing to do with the tense of the sentence. It has everything to do with the point of reference of the acting agent of the sentence to the speaker.
For example, imagine you are at your house with the money. If your friend wants to tell you to "bring the money," he should use the word "가져오다" because you are coming (not going) to him. To his reference, you are "coming." In this case, 가져오다 should be used.
examples:
- ko: 얼마나 많은 돈을 **가져갈** **거예요**?
en: How much money will you **bring/take**?
@@ -416,8 +437,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v23.mp3
en: to turn, to run a machine, to hand out
notes: |
<p>This word appears in Korean Sign Explanation [Video 14]</p>
<p><YouTube id="b8X6ryrJGeY" /></p>
This word appears in Korean Sign Explanation \[Video 14\]
<YouTube id="b8X6ryrJGeY" />
usages:
- ko: 세탁기를 돌리다
en: to turn on, use a washing machine
@@ -435,9 +457,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v24.mp3
en: to turn oneself, to rotate oneself
notes: |
<p>돌다 follows the ㄹ irregular</p>
<p>돌리다 is used when one turns an object. 돌다 can be used when one turns his/her body.</p>
<p>~아/어: 돌아, ~ㄴ/은: 돈, ~ㄴ/는다: 돈다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 돕니다, ~ㄹ/을: 돌, ~니: 도니, ~ㅁ/음: 돎, ~(으)려고: 돌려고, ~(으)시: 도시, ~(으)면: 돌면, ~(으)니: 도니</p>
돌다 follows the ㄹ irregular
돌리다 is used when one turns an object. 돌다 can be used when one turns his/her body.
~아/어: 돌아, ~ㄴ/은: 돈, ~ㄴ/는다: 돈다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 돕니다, ~ㄹ/을: 돌, ~니: 도니, ~ㅁ/음: 돎, ~(으)려고: 돌려고, ~(으)시: 도시, ~(으)면: 돌면, ~(으)니: 도니
usages:
- ko: 돌아가다
en: to go back
@@ -452,7 +476,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 돌아보다
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v25.mp3
en: to look back
notes: <p>A compound verb made up of "돌다" and "보다"</p>
notes: A compound verb made up of "돌다" and "보다"
examples:
- ko: 저는 그녀를 **돌아봤어요**
en: I **looked back** at her
@@ -461,7 +485,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v26.mp3
en: to go back, to return
notes: |
<p>A compound verb made up of "돌다" and "가다." If you are currently in a place and are talking about returning to another place. For example, if you are from Canada but currently in Korea and talking about returning to Canada (i.e. going back to Canada), you should use this word instead of "돌아오다."</p>
A compound verb made up of "돌다" and "가다." If you are currently in a place and are talking about returning to another place. For example, if you are from Canada but currently in Korea and talking about returning to Canada (i.e. going back to Canada), you should use this word instead of "돌아오다."
usages:
- ko: 돌아가시다
en: A formal way to say somebody has "passed away" (the honorific ~(으)시 is introduced in Lesson 39)
@@ -478,7 +502,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v27.mp3
en: to come back, to return
notes: |
<p>A compound verb made up of "돌다" and "오다." If you are currently in a place and are talking about returning to the same place. For example, if you are from Canada talking about returning to Canada (i.e. coming back to Canada), you should use this word instead of "돌아가다."</p>
A compound verb made up of "돌다" and "오다." If you are currently in a place and are talking about returning to the same place. For example, if you are from Canada talking about returning to Canada (i.e. coming back to Canada), you should use this word instead of "돌아가다."
examples:
- ko: 캐나다에 언제 **돌아올** **거예요**?
en: When are you **coming** **back** to Canada?
@@ -494,7 +518,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 돌려주다
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v28.mp3
en: to give back
notes: <p>A compound verb made up of "돌리다" and "주다"</p>
notes: A compound verb made up of "돌리다" and "주다"
examples:
- ko: 저는 친구에게 책을 **돌려줬어요**
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/34.mp3
@@ -504,8 +528,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v29.mp3
en: to hang
notes: |
<p>걸다 follows the ㄹ irregular</p>
<p>~아/어: 걸어, ~ㄴ/은: 건, ~ㄴ/는다: 건다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 겁니다, ~ㄹ/을: 걸, ~니: 거니, ~ㅁ/음: 검, ~(으)려고: 걸려고, ~(으)시: 거시, ~(으)면: 걸면, ~(으)니: 거니</p>
걸다 follows the ㄹ irregular
~아/어: 걸어, ~ㄴ/은: 건, ~ㄴ/는다: 건다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 겁니다, ~ㄹ/을: 걸, ~니: 거니, ~ㅁ/음: 검, ~(으)려고: 걸려고, ~(으)시: 거시, ~(으)면: 걸면, ~(으)니: 거니
usages:
- ko: 시동을 걸다
en: to start the engine of your car
@@ -532,7 +557,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 결혼하다
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v31.mp3
en: to get married
notes: <p>The noun form of this word translates to "marriage"</p>
notes: The noun form of this word translates to "marriage"
examples:
- ko: 그녀는 아직 **결혼하지** 않았어요
en: She still hasn't gotten **married** yet
@@ -547,9 +572,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v32.mp3
en: to call out
notes: |
<p>부르다 follows the 르 irregular</p>
<p>When used to say that one "calls" something by a certain name, "라고" is usually used in the sentence. See <a href="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-3-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-3-lessons-51-58/lesson-52/">Lesson 52</a> for more information.</p>
<p>~아/어: 불러, ~ㄴ/은: 부른, ~ㄴ/는다: 부른다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 부릅니다, ~ㄹ/을: 부를, ~니: 부르니, ~ㅁ/음: 부름, ~(으)려고: 부르려고, ~(으)시: 부르시, ~(으)면: 부르면, ~(으)니: 부르니</p>
부르다 follows the 르 irregular
When used to say that one "calls" something by a certain name, "라고" is usually used in the sentence. See [Lesson 52](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-3-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-3-lessons-51-58/lesson-52/) for more information.
~아/어: 불러, ~ㄴ/은: 부른, ~ㄴ/는다: 부른다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 부릅니다, ~ㄹ/을: 부를, ~니: 부르니, ~ㅁ/음: 부름, ~(으)려고: 부르려고, ~(으)시: 부르시, ~(으)면: 부르면, ~(으)니: 부르니
examples:
- ko: 저는 저의 여자 친구를 '애기'라고 **불러요**
en: I **call** my girlfriend "baby"
@@ -562,8 +589,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v33.mp3
en: to choose, to pick
notes: |
<p>고르다 follows the 르 irregular</p>
<p>~아/어: 골라, ~ㄴ/은: 고른, ~ㄴ/는다: 고른다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 고릅니다, ~ㄹ/을: 고를, ~니: 고르니, ~ㅁ/음: 고름, ~(으)려고: 고르려고, ~(으)시: 고르시, ~(으)면: 고르면, ~(으)니: 고르니</p>
고르다 follows the 르 irregular
~아/어: 골라, ~ㄴ/은: 고른, ~ㄴ/는다: 고른다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 고릅니다, ~ㄹ/을: 고를, ~니: 고르니, ~ㅁ/음: 고름, ~(으)려고: 고르려고, ~(으)시: 고르시, ~(으)면: 고르면, ~(으)니: 고르니
examples:
- ko: 저는 이것과 저젓 중에 **고를** 수 없어요
en: I can't **choose** between the two
@@ -575,7 +603,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 넣다
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v34.mp3
en: to insert, to put inside
notes: <p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "너타"</p>
notes: The pronunciation of this word is closer to "너타"
examples:
- ko: 저는 야채를 냉장고에 **넣었어요**
en: I **put** the vegetables in the fridge
@@ -598,7 +626,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 설명하다
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v36.mp3
en: to explain
notes: <p>The noun form of this word translates to "an explanation"</p>
notes: The noun form of this word translates to "an explanation"
examples:
- ko: 저는 어려운 내용을 천천히 **설명했어요**
en: I **explained** the difficult content slowly
@@ -610,7 +638,7 @@ vocabulary:
- ko: 자랑하다
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v37.mp3
en: to show off
notes: <p>자랑스럽다 translates to "to be proud"</p>
notes: 자랑스럽다 translates to "to be proud"
examples:
- ko: "**자랑하**지 마세요!"
en: Don't **show off**!
@@ -668,16 +696,17 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v39.mp3
en: to be exactly the same
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to “똑깓다”</p>
<p>When comparing <span class="md spoiler">two things by saying they are the same</span>, it is more common to use 똑같다 instead of 같다. For example, instead of saying:</p>
<ul>
<li><s>저와 저의 형은 같아요</s></li>
</ul>
<p>It would be more natural to say:</p>
<ul>
<li>저와 저의 형은 똑같아요</li>
</ul>
<p>See below in this lesson for more information</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “똑깓다”
When comparing two things by saying they are the same, it is more common to use 똑같다 instead of 같다. For example, instead of saying:
* 저와 저의 형은 같아요
It would be more natural to say:
* 저와 저의 형은 똑같아요
See below in this lesson for more information
examples:
- ko: 우리가 **똑같은** 옷을 입고 있어요
en: We are wearing **exactly** **the** **same** clothes
@@ -688,10 +717,13 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v40.mp3
en: to be proud
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "자랑스럽따"</p>
<p>자랑스럽다 follows the ㅂ irregular</p>
<p>자랑스럽다 is an adjective. To indicate that you are proud of something/somebody, the particle ~이/가 must be attached to the object of the sentence. See Lesson 15 for more information.</p>
<p>~아/어: 자랑스러워, ~ㄴ/은: 자랑스러운, ~ㅂ/습니다: 자랑스럽습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 자랑스러울, ~니: 자랑스러우니, ~ㅁ/음: 자랑스러움, ~(으)려고: 자랑스러우려고, ~(으)시: 자랑스러우시, ~(으)면: 자랑스러우면, ~(으)니: 자랑스러우니</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "자랑스럽따"
자랑스럽다 follows the ㅂ irregular
자랑스럽다 is an adjective. To indicate that you are proud of something/somebody, the particle ~이/가 must be attached to the object of the sentence. See Lesson 15 for more information.
~아/어: 자랑스러워, ~ㄴ/은: 자랑스러운, ~ㅂ/습니다: 자랑스럽습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 자랑스러울, ~니: 자랑스러우니, ~ㅁ/음: 자랑스러움, ~(으)려고: 자랑스러우려고, ~(으)시: 자랑스러우시, ~(으)면: 자랑스러우면, ~(으)니: 자랑스러우니
examples:
- ko: 저는 우리 아들이 **자랑스러워요**
en: I am **proud** of our son
@@ -707,16 +739,17 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v41.mp3
en: another
notes: |
<p>The function of “또 다르다” is hard to explain, but it is easier to explain (and understand) if you think of it as two separate words (which it actually is). It is a combination of the adjective “다르다” and the adverb “또”, which is used when something happens again.</p>
<p>“또 다르다” is used when one particular thing has already been described, and you are explaining <em>another</em> thing. For example, imagine you are sitting in a meeting with your coworkers discussing <span class="md spoiler">potential problems for a plan</span>. People are all discussing the problems they see, and you can point out:</p>
<ul>
<li><TTS>또 다른 문제는 그것이 비싸요</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">Another problem is it (that thing) is expensive</span></li>
</ul>
<p>In this same respect, you can say the following sentence, and although the translation in English is similar, try to understand the difference in adding “또”:</p>
<ul>
<li>저는 또 다른 영화를 봤어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/50-1.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I saw ANother movie</span></li>
</ul>
<p>In this, maybe the person saw one movie, and then <em>again</em> saw a different movie.</p>
The function of “또 다르다” is hard to explain, but it is easier to explain (and understand) if you think of it as two separate words (which it actually is). It is a combination of the adjective “다르다” and the adverb “또”, which is used when something happens again.
“또 다르다” is used when one particular thing has already been described, and you are explaining _another_ thing. For example, imagine you are sitting in a meeting with your coworkers discussing potential problems for a plan. People are all discussing the problems they see, and you can point out:
* 또 다른 문제는 그것이 비싸요 = Another problem is it (that thing) is expensive
In this same respect, you can say the following sentence, and although the translation in English is similar, try to understand the difference in adding “또”:
* 저는 또 다른 영화를 봤어요 \= I saw ANother movie
In this, maybe the person saw one movie, and then _again_ saw a different movie.
examples:
- ko: "**또 다른** 문제는 그것이 비싸요"
en: "**Another** problem is it (that thing) is expensive"
@@ -727,9 +760,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v42.mp3
en: to be noisy, to be loud
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "시끄럽따"</p>
<p>시끄럽다 follows the ㅂ irregular</p>
<p>~아/어: 시끄러워, ~ㄴ/은: 시끄러운, ~ㅂ/습니다: 시끄럽습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 시끄러울, ~니: 시끄러우니, ~ㅁ/음: 시끄러움, ~(으)려고: 시끄러우려고, ~(으)시: 시끄러우시, ~(으)면: 시끄러우면, ~(으)니: 시끄러우니</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "시끄럽따"
시끄럽다 follows the ㅂ irregular
~아/어: 시끄러워, ~ㄴ/은: 시끄러운, ~ㅂ/습니다: 시끄럽습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 시끄러울, ~니: 시끄러우니, ~ㅁ/음: 시끄러움, ~(으)려고: 시끄러우려고, ~(으)시: 시끄러우시, ~(으)면: 시끄러우면, ~(으)니: 시끄러우니
usages:
- ko: 시끄러운 학생
en: loud students
@@ -765,8 +800,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson15v44.mp3
en: to be rare
notes: |
<p>드물다 follows the ㄹ irregular</p>
<p>~아/어: 드물어, ~ㄴ/은: 드문, ~ㅂ/습니다: 드뭅니다, ~ㄹ/을: 드물, ~니: 드무니, ~ㅁ/음: 드묾, ~(으)려고: 드물려고, ~(으)시: 드무시, ~(으)면: 드물면, ~(으)니: 드무니</p>
드물다 follows the ㄹ irregular
~아/어: 드물어, ~ㄴ/은: 드문, ~ㅂ/습니다: 드뭅니다, ~ㄹ/을: 드물, ~니: 드무니, ~ㅁ/음: 드묾, ~(으)려고: 드물려고, ~(으)시: 드무시, ~(으)면: 드물면, ~(으)니: 드무니
usages:
- ko: 드문 현상
en: a rare phenomenon
docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/16-relating-to.md
+64 -43
View File
@@ -123,9 +123,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson16v16.mp3
en: natural
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "자연스럽따"</p>
<p>자연스럽다 follows the ㅂ irregular</p>
<p>~아/어: 자연스러워, ~ㄴ/은: 자연스러운, ~ㅂ/습니다: 자연스럽습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 자연스러울, ~니: 자연스러우니, ~ㅁ/음: 자연스러움, ~(으)려고: 자연스러우려고, ~(으)시: 자연스러우시, ~(으)면: 자연스러우면, ~(으)니: 자연스러우니</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "자연스럽따"
자연스럽다 follows the ㅂ irregular
~아/어: 자연스러워, ~ㄴ/은: 자연스러운, ~ㅂ/습니다: 자연스럽습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 자연스러울, ~니: 자연스러우니, ~ㅁ/음: 자연스러움, ~(으)려고: 자연스러우려고, ~(으)시: 자연스러우시, ~(으)면: 자연스러우면, ~(으)니: 자연스러우니
examples:
- ko: 그는 한국어를 **자연스럽게** 말해요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson16-47.mp3
@@ -137,8 +139,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson16v17.mp3
en: disappointment (to be disappointed)
notes: |
<p>The noun form of this word translates to "disappointment"</p>
<p>실망하다 describes the feeling of being disappointed. 실망스럽다 describes something that is disappointing. 실망스럽다 is sometimes used in sentences that translate to one's feelings being "disappointed" using the Subject – Object – Adjective form. See Lesson 16.</p>
The noun form of this word translates to "disappointment"
실망하다 describes the feeling of being disappointed. 실망스럽다 describes something that is disappointing. 실망스럽다 is sometimes used in sentences that translate to one's feelings being "disappointed" using the Subject – Object – Adjective form. See Lesson 16.
examples:
- ko: 저는 **실망했어요**
en: I was **disappointed**
@@ -149,10 +152,13 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson16v18.mp3
en: to be disappointing
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "실망스럽따"</p>
<p>실망스럽다 follows the ㅂ irregular</p>
<p>실망하다 describes the feeling of being disappointed. 실망스럽다 describes something that is disappointing. 실망스럽다 is sometimes used in sentences that translate to one's feelings being "disappointed" using the Subject – Object – Adjective form. See below in this lesson for more information.</p>
<p>~아/어: 실망스러워, ~ㄴ/은: 실망스러운, ~ㅂ/습니다: 실망스럽습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 실망스러울, ~니: 실망스러우니, ~ㅁ/음: 실망스러움, ~(으)려고: 실망스러우려고, ~(으)시: 실망스러우시, ~(으)면: 실망스러우면, ~(으)니: 실망스러우니</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "실망스럽따"
실망스럽다 follows the ㅂ irregular
실망하다 describes the feeling of being disappointed. 실망스럽다 describes something that is disappointing. 실망스럽다 is sometimes used in sentences that translate to one's feelings being "disappointed" using the Subject – Object – Adjective form. See below in this lesson for more information.
~아/어: 실망스러워, ~ㄴ/은: 실망스러운, ~ㅂ/습니다: 실망스럽습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 실망스러울, ~니: 실망스러우니, ~ㅁ/음: 실망스러움, ~(으)려고: 실망스러우려고, ~(으)시: 실망스러우시, ~(으)면: 실망스러우면, ~(으)니: 실망스러우니
examples:
- ko: 결과는 조금 **실망스러웠어요**
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson16-29.mp3
@@ -181,9 +187,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson16v20.mp3
en: to be lovely
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "사랑스럽따"</p>
<p>사랑스럽다 follows the ㅂ irregular</p>
<p>~아/어: 사랑스러워, ~ㄴ/은: 사랑스러운, ~ㅂ/습니다: 사랑스럽습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 사랑스러울, ~니: 사랑스러우니, ~ㅁ/음: 사랑스러움, ~(으)려고: 사랑스러우려고, ~(으)시: 사랑스러우시, ~(으)면: 사랑스러우면, ~(으)니: 사랑스러우니</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "사랑스럽따"
사랑스럽다 follows the ㅂ irregular
~아/어: 사랑스러워, ~ㄴ/은: 사랑스러운, ~ㅂ/습니다: 사랑스럽습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 사랑스러울, ~니: 사랑스러우니, ~ㅁ/음: 사랑스러움, ~(으)려고: 사랑스러우려고, ~(으)시: 사랑스러우시, ~(으)면: 사랑스러우면, ~(으)니: 사랑스러우니
examples:
- ko: 그 여자는 **사랑스러워요**
en: That girl is **lovely**
@@ -198,9 +206,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson16v21.mp3
en: satisfaction (to be satisfied)
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "만조카다"</p>
<p>The noun form of this word translates to "satisfaction"</p>
<p>만족하다 describes the feeling of being satisfied. 만족스럽다 describes something that is satisfactory. 만족스럽다 is sometimes used in sentences that translate to one's feelings being "satisfied" using the Subject – Object – Adjective form. See Lesson 16.</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "만조카다"
The noun form of this word translates to "satisfaction"
만족하다 describes the feeling of being satisfied. 만족스럽다 describes something that is satisfactory. 만족스럽다 is sometimes used in sentences that translate to one's feelings being "satisfied" using the Subject – Object – Adjective form. See Lesson 16.
examples:
- ko: 저는 **만족해요**
en: I am **satisfied**
@@ -213,10 +223,13 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson16v22.mp3
en: to be satisfactory
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "만족스럽따"</p>
<p>만족스럽다 follows the ㅂ irregular</p>
<p>만족하다 describes the feeling of being satisfied. 만족스럽다 describes something that is satisfactory. 만족스럽다 is sometimes used in sentences that translate to one's feelings being "satisfied" using the Subject – Object – Adjective form. See Lesson 16.</p>
<p>~아/어: 만족스러워, ~ㄴ/은: 만족스러운, ~ㅂ/습니다: 만족스럽습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 만족스러울, ~니: 만족스러우니, ~ㅁ/음: 만족스러움, ~(으)려고: 만족스러우려고, ~(으)시: 만족스러우시, ~(으)면: 만족스러우면, ~(으)니: 만족스러우니</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "만족스럽따"
만족스럽다 follows the ㅂ irregular
만족하다 describes the feeling of being satisfied. 만족스럽다 describes something that is satisfactory. 만족스럽다 is sometimes used in sentences that translate to one's feelings being "satisfied" using the Subject – Object – Adjective form. See Lesson 16.
~아/어: 만족스러워, ~ㄴ/은: 만족스러운, ~ㅂ/습니다: 만족스럽습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 만족스러울, ~니: 만족스러우니, ~ㅁ/음: 만족스러움, ~(으)려고: 만족스러우려고, ~(으)시: 만족스러우시, ~(으)면: 만족스러우면, ~(으)니: 만족스러우니
examples:
- ko: 결과는 **만족스러웠어요**
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson16-37.mp3
@@ -247,7 +260,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson16v25.mp3
en: pencil
notes: |
<p>개 can be used as a counter for 연필 for simplicity, but a more specific counter when counting pencils is "자루."</p>
개 can be used as a counter for 연필 for simplicity, but a more specific counter when counting pencils is "자루."
examples:
- ko: "**연필** 몇 개가 있어요?"
en: How many **pencils** do you have?
@@ -258,8 +271,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson16v26.mp3
en: color
notes: |
<p>"색" is used after the words of most colors.</p>
<p>For example: 빨간색 (red), 노란색 (yellow), 녹색 (green)</p>
"색" is used after the words of most colors.
For example: 빨간색 (red), 노란색 (yellow), 녹색 (green)
examples:
- ko: 보라색은 제가 가장 좋아하는 **색깔**이에요
en: Purple is my favorite **color**
@@ -273,7 +287,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson16v27.mp3
en: he, him
notes: |
<p>You should not use "그" when "he" refers to somebody who deserves high respect.</p>
You should not use "그" when "he" refers to somebody who deserves high respect.
examples:
- ko: "**그**는 학생이에요"
en: "**He** is a student"
@@ -294,7 +308,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson16v28.mp3
en: she, her
notes: |
<p>You should not use "그녀" when "she" refers to somebody who deserves high respect.</p>
You should not use "그녀" when "she" refers to somebody who deserves high respect.
examples:
- ko: "**그녀**는 친구랑 밖에 나갔어요"
en: "**She** went outside with her friends"
@@ -370,7 +384,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson16v33.mp3
en: conversation
notes: |
<p>"회화" is usually placed after the name of a language to refer to the conversation aspect of that language. It is not used to mean "to have a conversation." The words 이야기하다 or 대화하다 should be used for that meaning.</p>
"회화" is usually placed after the name of a language to refer to the conversation aspect of that language. It is not used to mean "to have a conversation." The words 이야기하다 or 대화하다 should be used for that meaning.
examples:
- ko: 저는 중국어**회화** 수업을 듣고 있어요
en: I am taking a Chinese **conversation** class
@@ -395,7 +409,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson16v35.mp3
en: chest
notes: |
<p>Just like in English, this word can be used to refer to the general area of one's chest, or a woman's breasts. It can also be used to refer to one's "heart."</p>
Just like in English, this word can be used to refer to the general area of one's chest, or a woman's breasts. It can also be used to refer to one's "heart."
examples:
- ko: 한국사람들이 **가슴**에 털이 없어요
en: Korean people don't have hair on their **chest**
@@ -419,8 +433,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson16v46.mp3
en: close/near by
notes: |
<p>근처 and 가깝다 are words that have similar meanings. 근처 is actually a noun but I feel it acts and feels like an adverb. 가깝다 is an adjective, which means it can predicate sentences and describe upcoming nouns. 근처 is most commonly used after a noun (like 위, 안, 밑, 뒤, etc…) to mean "close to…"</p>
<p>It can also be used to generally just mean "close" to here. In these cases, 여기 can be omitted.</p>
근처 and 가깝다 are words that have similar meanings. 근처 is actually a noun but I feel it acts and feels like an adverb. 가깝다 is an adjective, which means it can predicate sentences and describe upcoming nouns. 근처 is most commonly used after a noun (like 위, 안, 밑, 뒤, etc…) to mean "close to…"
It can also be used to generally just mean "close" to here. In these cases, 여기 can be omitted.
examples:
- ko: 대학로 **근처**에 극장이 많아요
en: There are a lot of theaters **near** 대학로
@@ -444,8 +459,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Lesson-16-39.mp3
en: recently
notes: |
<p>This can be used before a noun to describe it. For example: "최근 날씨가 추워요" = "The recent weather is cold"</p>
<p>It can also be used with ~에 to generally mean "recently." For example: "최근에 사람이 많이 와요" = "Recently, many people have been coming"</p>
This can be used before a noun to describe it. For example:
- "최근 날씨가 추워요" = "The recent weather is cold"
It can also be used with ~에 to generally mean "recently." For example:
- "최근에 사람이 많이 와요" = "Recently, many people have been coming"
examples:
- ko: "**최근** 날씨가 추워요"
en: The **recent** weather is cold
@@ -457,8 +475,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson16v37.mp3
en: to untie, to unfasten, to loosen
notes: |
<p>풀다 follows the ㄹ irregular</p>
<p>~아/어: 풀어, ~ㄴ/은: 푼, ~ㄴ/는다: 푼다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 풉니다, ~ㄹ/을: 풀, ~니: 푸니, ~ㅁ/음: 풂, ~(으)려고: 풀려고, ~(으)시: 푸시, ~(으)면: 풀면, ~(으)니: 푸니</p>
풀다 follows the ㄹ irregular
~아/어: 풀어, ~ㄴ/은: 푼, ~ㄴ/는다: 푼다, ~ㅂ/습니다: 풉니다, ~ㄹ/을: 풀, ~니: 푸니, ~ㅁ/음: 풂, ~(으)려고: 풀려고, ~(으)시: 푸시, ~(으)면: 풀면, ~(으)니: 푸니
examples:
- ko: 운동은 스트레스를 **풀어요**
en: exercise **relieves** stress
@@ -523,9 +542,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson16v42.mp3
en: to be close to, to be near
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "가깝따"</p>
<p>가깝다 follows the ㅂ irregular</p>
<p>~아/어: 가까워, ~ㄴ/은: 가까운, ~ㅂ/습니다: 가깝습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 가까울, ~니: 가까우니, ~ㅁ/음: 가까움, ~(으)려고: 가까우려고, ~(으)시: 가까우시, ~(으)면: 가까우면, ~(으)니: 가까우니</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "가깝따"
가깝다 follows the ㅂ irregular
~아/어: 가까워, ~ㄴ/은: 가까운, ~ㅂ/습니다: 가깝습니다, ~ㄹ/을: 가까울, ~니: 가까우니, ~ㅁ/음: 가까움, ~(으)려고: 가까우려고, ~(으)시: 가까우시, ~(으)면: 가까우면, ~(으)니: 가까우니
examples:
- ko: 저의 친구의 집은 **가까워요**
en: My friend's house is **close**
@@ -540,13 +561,13 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson16v43.mp3
en: to be difficult to do something
notes: |
<p>This is a word that is difficult to translate. It's usually used on things that are physically straining. However, something mentally straining (like solving a math problem) could also be '힘들다' because those types of things might also elicit a physical response as well.</p>
<p>You'd be surprised how often you hear this word in Korean. Everything is '힘들다.'</p>
<ul>
<li>Going out for a walk: 아~ 힘들어!</li>
<li>Taking the subway: 아~ 힘들어!</li>
<li>Cooking a meal: 아~ 힘들어!</li>
</ul>
This is a word that is difficult to translate. It's usually used on things that are physically straining. However, something mentally straining (like solving a math problem) could also be '힘들다' because those types of things might also elicit a physical response as well.
You'd be surprised how often you hear this word in Korean. Everything is '힘들다.'
* Going out for a walk: 아~ 힘들어!
* Taking the subway: 아~ 힘들어!
* Cooking a meal: 아~ 힘들어!
examples:
- ko: 학생들을 가르치는 것은 **힘들어요**
en: It is **hard** to teach students
@@ -588,7 +609,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson16v49.mp3
en: but/however
notes: |
<p>Used as a conjunctive adverb, usually between two sentences.</p>
Used as a conjunctive adverb, usually between two sentences.
examples:
- ko: 친구가 한국에 왔어요. **그러나**, 그녀를 만날 수 없었어요
en: My friend came to Korea. **However**, I couldn't meet her
docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/17-connecting-want.md
+36 -21
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@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson17v12.mp3
en: pear
notes: |
<p>Pears in Korea look more like apples, not like typical western pears.</p>
Pears in Korea look more like apples, not like typical western pears.
examples:
- ko: 한국 **배**는 서양 **배**와 달라요
en: Korean **pears** are different from western **pears**
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson17v13.mp3
en: carrot
notes: |
<p>Young people often say "당근당근" to mean "obviously." The actual word for obviously is "당연하다," but because of the similar pronunciation, "당근" is often used as a joke.</p>
Young people often say "당근당근" to mean "obviously." The actual word for obviously is "당연하다," but because of the similar pronunciation, "당근" is often used as a joke.
examples:
- ko: "**당근**을 작은 조각으로 자르세요"
en: Cut the **carrots** into small pieces, please
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson17v14.mp3
en: radish
notes: |
<p>A Korean radish is different from a western radish. In Canada, I am used to radishes that are red on the outside and about the size of a golf-ball. Korean radishes are about the size of an American football and green and white in color.</p>
A Korean radish is different from a western radish. In Canada, I am used to radishes that are red on the outside and about the size of a golf-ball. Korean radishes are about the size of an American football and green and white in color.
examples:
- ko: 한국 사람들은 **무**김치를 많이 먹어요
en: Korean people eat a lot of **radish** kimchi
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson17v23.mp3
en: a rich person
notes: |
<p>In English "rich" is an adjective. Though there is an adjective in Korean that means "rich," the noun "부자" is more commonly used. Note that this is not an adjective, but a noun that means a "rich person." Therefore, when indicating that somebody is rich, Korean people usually attach 이다 to 부자. For example: "저의 친구는 부자야" = "My friend is (a) rich (person)"</p>
In English "rich" is an adjective. Though there is an adjective in Korean that means "rich," the noun "부자" is more commonly used. Note that this is not an adjective, but a noun that means a "rich person." Therefore, when indicating that somebody is rich, Korean people usually attach 이다 to 부자. For example: "저의 친구는 부자야" = "My friend is (a) rich (person)"
examples:
- ko: 제 친구는 **부자**인 아버지를 자랑했어요
en: My friend boasted about his **rich** father
@@ -249,8 +249,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson17v26.mp3
en: mountain
notes: |
<p>Often found in the name of cities in Korea. For example: 부산, 울산, etc...</p>
<p>Often used to denote the names of neighborhoods that are near a particular mountain or related to mountains. For example: 도봉산, 안산, etc...</p>
Often found in the name of cities in Korea. For example: 부산, 울산, etc...
Often used to denote the names of neighborhoods that are near a particular mountain or related to mountains. For example: 도봉산, 안산, etc...
examples:
- ko: 여기서 **산**이 안 보여
en: I can't see the **mountains** from here
@@ -286,13 +287,23 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson17v29.mp3
en: to stay
notes: |
<p>머무르다 follows the 르 irregular</p>
<p>머무르다 can be used as 머물다, which is actually a shortened version of 머무르다.</p>
<p>머무르다 can be used any way and with any grammatical principle, but must be used in accordance with the 르 irregular. For example: "한국에서 온 교환학생이 우리 집에서 1년 동안 머물렀어요" = "A Korean exchange student stayed at our house for a year"</p>
<p>However, 머물다 cannot be used with all grammatical principles.</p>
<p>Any grammatical principle that starts with a consonant (and there is no option other than that one consonant), can be added to 머물다. For example: 머물자, 머물고, 머물겠다, 머물지 않다</p>
<p>If a grammatical principle that is added to 머물다 is a vowel – and there is no other option other than a vowel – then that grammatical principle cannot be added to 머물다. The two most common grammatical principles where this occurs is when conjugating in the past or present tenses. For example: 머물다 + ~아/어(요) = ~~머물어요~~ – this is incorrect. 머물다 + ~았/었어요 = ~~머물었어요~~ – this is incorrect</p>
<p>See Lesson 97 for more information.</p>
머무르다 follows the 르 irregular
머무르다 can be used as 머물다, which is actually a shortened version of 머무르다.
머무르다 can be used any way and with any grammatical principle, but must be used in accordance with the 르 irregular. For example:
- "한국에서 온 교환학생이 우리 집에서 1년 동안 머물렀어요" = "A Korean exchange student stayed at our house for a year"
However, 머물다 cannot be used with all grammatical principles.
Any grammatical principle that starts with a consonant (and there is no option other than that one consonant), can be added to 머물다. For example:
- 머물자, 머물고, 머물겠다, 머물지 않다
If a grammatical principle that is added to 머물다 is a vowel – and there is no other option other than a vowel – then that grammatical principle cannot be added to 머물다. The two most common grammatical principles where this occurs is when conjugating in the past or present tenses. For example:
- 머물다 + ~아/어(요) = ~~머물어요~~ – this is incorrect.
- 머물다 + ~았/었어요 = ~~머물었어요~~ – this is incorrect
See Lesson 97 for more information.
examples:
- ko: 우리는 10일 동안 부산에서 **머물렀어요**
en: We **stayed** in Busan for 10 days
@@ -369,9 +380,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson17v37.mp3
en: to be happy when meeting somebody
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "반갑따"</p>
<p>반갑다 follows the ㅂ irregular</p>
<p>As a beginner, you will mostly use 반갑다 when you say "만나서 반갑습니다," or as "반갑게" as shown in the examples below.</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "반갑따"
반갑다 follows the ㅂ irregular
As a beginner, you will mostly use 반갑다 when you say "만나서 반갑습니다," or as "반갑게" as shown in the examples below.
examples:
- ko: 만나서 **반갑습니다**
en: "**nice** to meet you"
@@ -400,8 +413,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson17v39.mp3
en: to be high
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "놉따"</p>
<p>To increase (or to heighten) something, the verb 높이다 can be used.</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "놉따"
To increase (or to heighten) something, the verb 높이다 can be used.
examples:
- ko: 애기는 **높은** 소파에서 떨어졌어요
en: The baby fell from the **high** sofa
@@ -424,8 +438,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson17v42.mp3
en: to be low
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "낟따"</p>
<p>To decrease (or to lower) something, the verb 낮추다 can be used.</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "낟따"
To decrease (or to lower) something, the verb 낮추다 can be used.
examples:
- ko: 이 탁자가 너무 **낮아요**
en: This table is too **low**
@@ -446,7 +461,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson17v44.mp3
en: person – high respect form, also a high-respect counter for people
notes: |
<p>This is used instead of "사람" when the person deserves high respect. "분" is also used instead of "명" as a counter when the person deserves high respect.</p>
This is used instead of "사람" when the person deserves high respect. "분" is also used instead of "명" as a counter when the person deserves high respect.
examples:
- ko: 그 **분**은 저의 선생님이에요
en: That **person** is my teacher
docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/18-present-progressive.md
+15 -11
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@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson18v4.mp3
en: rumor
notes: |
<p>Often used with the ~는 것 conjugation of ~ㄴ/는다는 것. See Lesson 52 for more information.</p>
Often used with the ~는 것 conjugation of ~ㄴ/는다는 것. See Lesson 52 for more information.
examples:
- ko: 그 여자의 남편이 비서랑 바람을 피운다는 **소문**이 있어요
en: There is a **rumor** that that woman's husband is having an affair with his secretary
@@ -58,8 +58,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson18v7.mp3
en: cashier
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "계사눤"</p>
<p>계산하다 means "to pay" or "to calculate"</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "계사눤"
계산하다 means "to pay" or "to calculate"
examples:
- ko: "**계산원**들은 돈을 많이 벌지 않아요"
en: "**Cashiers** don't earn a lot of money"
@@ -248,9 +249,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson18v29.mp3
en: dawn
notes: |
<p>The word 오전 generally refers to anything before noon, but 새벽 is used to refer to something that is really early in the morning. Typically, 새벽 refers to the time before the sun rises.</p>
<p>This word appears in my Korean Sign Explanation Video #1.</p>
<p><YouTube id="5oqbDZymdBM" /></p>
The word 오전 generally refers to anything before noon, but 새벽 is used to refer to something that is really early in the morning. Typically, 새벽 refers to the time before the sun rises.
This word appears in my Korean Sign Explanation Video #1.
<YouTube id="5oqbDZymdBM" />
examples:
- ko: 저는 매일 **새벽** 5시에 일어나요
en: I wake up every day at 5 **a.m**.
@@ -259,7 +262,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson18v37.mp3
en: inside part
notes: |
<p>It is easy to understand the meaning of 내부 and 외부 if you understand their simple Hanja origins. 내 (內) means "inside" and 외 (外) means "outside." You don't need to worry about the Chinese characters just yet, but knowing that 외 and 내 usually have these meanings can help you tremendously when learning new words. If you want to go further, 부 (部) (as in, 내부 and 외부) means "part." 내부 then means "the inside part/the inside", and 외부 means "the outside part/the outside."</p>
It is easy to understand the meaning of 내부 and 외부 if you understand their simple Hanja origins. 내 (內) means "inside" and 외 (外) means "outside." You don't need to worry about the Chinese characters just yet, but knowing that 외 and 내 usually have these meanings can help you tremendously when learning new words. If you want to go further, 부 (部) (as in, 내부 and 외부) means "part." 내부 then means "the inside part/the inside", and 외부 means "the outside part/the outside."
examples:
- ko: 스타벅스의 **내부** 분위기는 매우 안락해요
en: The atmosphere **inside** Starbucks is very comfortable
@@ -268,7 +271,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson18v38.mp3
en: outside part
notes: |
<p>It is easy to understand the meaning of 내부 and 외부 if you understand their simple Hanja origins. 내 (內) means "inside" and 외 (外) means "outside." You don't need to worry about the Chinese characters just yet, but knowing that 외 and 내 usually have these meanings can help you tremendously when learning new words. If you want to go further, 부 (部) (as in, 내부 and 외부) means "part." 내부 then means "the inside part/the inside", and 외부 means "the outside part/the outside."</p>
It is easy to understand the meaning of 내부 and 외부 if you understand their simple Hanja origins. 내 (內) means "inside" and 외 (外) means "outside." You don't need to worry about the Chinese characters just yet, but knowing that 외 and 내 usually have these meanings can help you tremendously when learning new words. If you want to go further, 부 (部) (as in, 내부 and 외부) means "part." 내부 then means "the inside part/the inside", and 외부 means "the outside part/the outside."
examples:
- ko: "**백화점**에는 **외부** 주차장도 있어요"
en: There is a parking lot **outside** the department store as well
@@ -310,7 +313,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson18v32.mp3
en: to be curious about
notes: |
<p>궁금하다 often translates to "to wonder," which makes learners assume that it is a verb. Rather, 궁금하다 is an adjective and is more about the feeling of wondering (or being curious) about something.</p>
궁금하다 often translates to "to wonder," which makes learners assume that it is a verb. Rather, 궁금하다 is an adjective and is more about the feeling of wondering (or being curious) about something.
examples:
- ko: 그가 언제 올지 **궁금해요**
en: I **wonder** when he is coming
@@ -321,8 +324,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson18v33.mp3
en: to be unfortunate
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "안타깝따"</p>
<p>안타깝다 follows the ㅂ irregular</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "안타깝따"
안타깝다 follows the ㅂ irregular
examples:
- ko: 엄마가 우리랑 같이 못 먹어서 **안타까워요**
en: It's **too bad** that your mom can't eat with us
docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/19-comparatives.md
+48 -26
View File
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson19v3.mp3
en: height
notes: |
<p>키 means "height" in Korean, but not the "height" of a building or some other object. It is only used when talking about the height of a person. "크다" means 'big.' The adjective for tall is 키가 크다, which just indicates that your height is big.</p>
키 means "height" in Korean, but not the "height" of a building or some other object. It is only used when talking about the height of a person. "크다" means 'big.' The adjective for tall is 키가 크다, which just indicates that your height is big.
examples:
- ko: 그 남자가 **키가** 너무 **커요**
en: That man is very **tall**
@@ -155,9 +155,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson19v14.mp3
en: to worry
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "걱쩡하다"</p>
<p>More commonly used in the passive voice (걱정되다 = to be worried)</p>
<p>In most situations, removing ~하다 from a word and placing "마" after it is unnatural. However, in this case "걱정 마" is very common.</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "걱쩡하다"
More commonly used in the passive voice (걱정되다 = to be worried)
In most situations, removing ~하다 from a word and placing "마" after it is unnatural. However, in this case "걱정 마" is very common.
examples:
- ko: 많이 **걱정돼요**
en: Are you very **worried**?
@@ -174,8 +176,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson19v15.mp3
en: to wash
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "씯따"</p>
<p>When washing one's hair, the verb "감다" must be used.</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "씯따"
When washing one's hair, the verb "감다" must be used.
examples:
- ko: 손을 잘 **씻**고 먹어요
en: To **wash** one's hands well, and then eat
@@ -207,7 +210,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson19v18.mp3
en: to talk with, to have a conversation
notes: |
<p>"이야기" means "conversation, story," but the verb "이야기하다" means "to have a conversation with/to talk with." 이야기(하다) is often shortened to 얘기(하다).</p>
"이야기" means "conversation, story," but the verb "이야기하다" means "to have a conversation with/to talk with." 이야기(하다) is often shortened to 얘기(하다).
examples:
- ko: 저는 어제 여자친구랑 **이야기했어요**
en: I **talked** with my girlfriend yesterday
@@ -239,8 +242,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson19v22.mp3
en: to be narrow
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "좁따"</p>
<p>Korean people would use the word "좁다" in make cases where English people would use the word "small." Especially if an apartment or room is small, Korean people would say "방이 좁다." The direct English translation of "this room is narrow" is unnatural in English.</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "좁따"
Korean people would use the word "좁다" in make cases where English people would use the word "small." Especially if an apartment or room is small, Korean people would say "방이 좁다." The direct English translation of "this room is narrow" is unnatural in English.
examples:
- ko: 이 길이 너무 **좁**아서 저는 못 들어가요
en: I can't go onto this road because it is so **narrow**
@@ -251,8 +255,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson19v23.mp3
en: to be wide
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "널따"</p>
<p>넓다 means "wide" but Korean people often say "넓다" when in English we would say "big." Usually when they talk about how 'big' a room/house is, they will say that it is very "넓어." In English, it would be awkward to say "This place is so wide!!"</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "널따"
넓다 means "wide" but Korean people often say "넓다" when in English we would say "big." Usually when they talk about how 'big' a room/house is, they will say that it is very "넓어." In English, it would be awkward to say "This place is so wide!!"
examples:
- ko: 우리 집은 매우 **넓어요**
en: Our house is very **big/wide**
@@ -292,8 +297,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson19v27.mp3
en: to be comfortable
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "알라카다"</p>
<p>Essentially the same meaning as "편하다," but much less common. 안락하다 would be more related to abstract things like the mood of a place or one's life, whereas 편하다 would be more related to physical things that you can feel (like a bed being comfortable)</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "알라카다"
Essentially the same meaning as "편하다," but much less common. 안락하다 would be more related to abstract things like the mood of a place or one's life, whereas 편하다 would be more related to physical things that you can feel (like a bed being comfortable)
examples:
- ko: 스타벅스의 내부 분위기가 매우 **안락해요**
en: The atmosphere inside Starbucks is very **comfortable**
@@ -303,10 +309,16 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson19v28.mp3
en: more
notes: |
<p>This can be used to indicate that one does something more with a noun, for example: "저는 밥을 더 먹고 싶어요" = "I want to eat more rice"</p>
<p>It can also be used with an adjective. For example: "그 여자가 더 예뻐요" = "That girl is prettier (more pretty)"</p>
<p>It can also be used with an adverb. For example: "저는 더 빨리 가고 싶어요" = "I want to go faster (more fast)"</p>
<p>See below in this lesson for more information.</p>
This can be used to indicate that one does something more with a noun, for example:
- "저는 밥을 더 먹고 싶어요" = "I want to eat more rice"
It can also be used with an adjective. For example:
- "그 여자가 더 예뻐요" = "That girl is prettier (more pretty)"
It can also be used with an adverb. For example:
- "저는 더 빨리 가고 싶어요" = "I want to go faster (more fast)"
See below in this lesson for more information.
examples:
- ko: 저는 평소보다 **더** 공부하고 있어요
en: I am studying **more** than usual
@@ -357,12 +369,21 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson19v31.mp3
en: the most (superlative)
notes: |
<p>Very similar (if not identical) to 가장</p>
<p>Placed in a sentence with an adverb or adjective to indicate that something is (done) "most."</p>
<p>For example, with an adjective: "그 여자가 제일 예뻐요" = "that girl is the prettiest (the most pretty)"</p>
<p>With an adverb: "저는 달리기를 제일 빨리 할 수 있어요" = "I can run the fastest (the most fast)"</p>
<p>In most cases, it can't be used without an adjective or adverb. These would require the use of some kind of adverb, for example: "저는 제일 잘 운동해요" = "I exercise the best"</p>
<p>However, it can be used without an adjective or adverb in some cases. Most commonly with 좋아하다 and 싫어하다. For example: "저는 그 사람을 제일 싫어해요" = "I dislike that person the most"</p>
Very similar (if not identical) to 가장
Placed in a sentence with an adverb or adjective to indicate that something is (done) "most."
For example, with an adjective:
- "그 여자가 제일 예뻐요" = "that girl is the prettiest (the most pretty)"
With an adverb:
- "저는 달리기를 제일 빨리 할 수 있어요" = "I can run the fastest (the most fast)"
In most cases, it can't be used without an adjective or adverb. These would require the use of some kind of adverb, for example:
- "저는 제일 잘 운동해요" = "I exercise the best"
However, it can be used without an adjective or adverb in some cases. Most commonly with 좋아하다 and 싫어하다. For example:
- "저는 그 사람을 제일 싫어해요" = "I dislike that person the most"
examples:
- ko: 수학은 제가 **제일** 좋아하는 수업이에요
en: Math is my favorite class (the class that I like **the most**)
@@ -371,7 +392,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson19v34.mp3
en: many/various
notes: |
<p>여러 is an adverb that is placed before nouns to describe them</p>
여러 is an adverb that is placed before nouns to describe them
examples:
- ko: 저는 **여러** 가지의 단어를 배우고 싶어요
en: I want to learn **lots of** different types of words
@@ -382,8 +403,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson19v35.mp3
en: something old
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "옏"</p>
<p>Placed before certain nouns to indicate that noun is from a long time ago.</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "옏"
Placed before certain nouns to indicate that noun is from a long time ago.
examples:
- ko: 저는 어제 **옛** 친구를 만났어요
en: I met a friend from a **long time ago**
docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/20-well-poorly.md
+58 -35
View File
@@ -31,8 +31,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson20v3.mp3
en: mistake/fault
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "잘몯"</p>
<p>This word would normally be easy, however it is more difficult than it needs to be because 잘못 (without a space) and 잘 못 (with a space) have two different meanings. See Lesson 20 for more information.</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "잘몯"
This word would normally be easy, however it is more difficult than it needs to be because 잘못 (without a space) and 잘 못 (with a space) have two different meanings. See Lesson 20 for more information.
examples:
- ko: 그것은 제 **잘못**이었어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson20-19.mp3
@@ -126,8 +127,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson20v11.mp3
en: traffic
notes: |
<p>This word appears in Korean Sign Explanation [Video 10]</p>
<p><YouTube id="6LAJmf7Qqpc" /></p>
This word appears in Korean Sign Explanation \[Video 10\]
<YouTube id="6LAJmf7Qqpc" />
examples:
- ko: "**교통**카드가 있었나요?"
en: Did you have your bus (**transportation**) card?
@@ -144,8 +146,12 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson20v39.mp3
en: a noun to indicate that something is more than something else
notes: |
<p>It is hard to imagine this being a noun based on the translation about, but grammatically it is a noun. By putting 이상 after something, it can have the meaning of "more than." For example: "열여덟 살 이상" = "over 18 years of age", "두 명 이상" = "more than two people"</p>
<p>It is common to use "더 이상" to indicate that one will not do something "anymore." For example: "저는 이 영화를 더 이상 보고 싶지 않아요" = "I don't want to watch this movie anymore"</p>
It is hard to imagine this being a noun based on the translation about, but grammatically it is a noun. By putting 이상 after something, it can have the meaning of "more than." For example:
- "열여덟 살 이상" = "over 18 years of age"
- "두 명 이상" = "more than two people"
It is common to use "더 이상" to indicate that one will not do something "anymore." For example:
- "저는 이 영화를 더 이상 보고 싶지 않아요" = "I don't want to watch this movie anymore"
examples:
- ko: 저는 이 영화를 **더 이상** 보고 싶지 않아요
en: I don't want to watch this movie **anymore**
@@ -157,7 +163,8 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson20v12.mp3
en: to do something well
notes: |
<p>The main meaning of 잘하다 is "to do something well." To use 잘하다, simply place a noun in a sentence with 잘하다 as the verb. For example: "나는 수영을 잘해" = "I swim well"</p>
The main meaning of 잘하다 is "to do something well." To use 잘하다, simply place a noun in a sentence with 잘하다 as the verb. For example:
- "나는 수영을 잘해" = "I swim well"
examples:
- ko: 나는 수영을 **잘해**
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson20-1.mp3
@@ -176,8 +183,10 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson20v13.mp3
en: to do something poorly
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "모타다"</p>
<p>못하다 has the opposite meaning of 잘하다. For example: "나는 수영을 못해" = "I am bad at swimming"</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "모타다"
못하다 has the opposite meaning of 잘하다. For example:
- "나는 수영을 못해" = "I am bad at swimming"
examples:
- ko: 나는 수영을 못해
en: I am **bad at** swimming
@@ -222,8 +231,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson20v16.mp3
en: to retire
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "퇴지카다"</p>
<p>The noun form of this word translates to "retirement"</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "퇴지카다"
The noun form of this word translates to "retirement"
examples:
- ko: 사람들은 보통 65살이 되면 **퇴직해요**
en: People usually **retire** when they are 65 years old
@@ -236,9 +246,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson20v17.mp3
en: to receive (an application)
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "접쑤하다"</p>
<p>접수하다 is a weird word. It technically means "to receive," but it usually used when the subject is giving something. It doesn't make much sense, but that is how it is used.</p>
<p>This word is not said very often. You will see it written more commonly than you will hear it spoken.</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "접쑤하다"
접수하다 is a weird word. It technically means "to receive," but it usually used when the subject is giving something. It doesn't make much sense, but that is how it is used.
This word is not said very often. You will see it written more commonly than you will hear it spoken.
examples:
- ko: 저는 서울대학교에 원서를 **접수했어요**
en: Seoul University **received my application**
@@ -254,8 +266,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson20v19.mp3
en: to interpret
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "통여카다"</p>
<p>The noun form of this word translates to "interpretation"</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "통여카다"
The noun form of this word translates to "interpretation"
examples:
- ko: 저는 한국어를 못해서 **통역사**가 필요해요
en: I need an **interpreter** because I can't speak Korean
@@ -264,8 +277,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson20v20.mp3
en: to translate
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "버녀카다"</p>
<p>The noun form of this word translates to "translation"</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "버녀카다"
The noun form of this word translates to "translation"
examples:
- ko: 그 영화가 일본어로도 **번역되었다**
en: That movie was also **translated** to Japanese
@@ -276,8 +290,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson20v21.mp3
en: to stir
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "젇따"</p>
<p>젓다 follows the ㅅ irregular</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "젇따"
젓다 follows the ㅅ irregular
examples:
- ko: 저는 반죽을 딱딱할 때까지 **저었어요**
en: I **stirred** the batter until it was hard
@@ -322,8 +337,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson20v29.mp3
en: to be confused
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "헫깔리다"</p>
<p>Learners sometimes think that 헷갈리다 is an adjective that describes something as "confusing." However, 헷갈리다 is a verb which describes the mental struggle that goes on in one's head when confused (often when having to remember or choose from multiple choices).</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "헫깔리다"
Learners sometimes think that 헷갈리다 is an adjective that describes something as "confusing." However, 헷갈리다 is a verb which describes the mental struggle that goes on in one's head when confused (often when having to remember or choose from multiple choices).
examples:
- ko: 이 문제 답이 A인지 B인지 **헷갈려요**
en: I'm **confused** if the answer to this question is A or B
@@ -337,8 +353,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson20v27.mp3
en: to be gained, improved, increased
notes: |
<p>늘다 follows the ㄹ irregular</p>
<p>This is the passive form of the active verb "늘리다"</p>
늘다 follows the ㄹ irregular
This is the passive form of the active verb "늘리다"
examples:
- ko: 저의 친구의 한국어 실력이 많이 **늘었다**
en: My friend's Korean (skills) really **increased/got better**
@@ -358,8 +375,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson20v30.mp3
en: to be dark
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "어둡따"</p>
<p>어둡다 follows the ㅂ irregular</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "어둡따"
어둡다 follows the ㅂ irregular
examples:
- ko: 교실이 너무 **어두워서** 학생들은 칠판을 볼 수 없어요
en: The students can't see the board because the classroom is too **dark**
@@ -371,7 +389,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson20v31.mp3
en: well
notes: |
<p>After you finish a meal, it is polite to say "잘 먹었습니다"</p>
After you finish a meal, it is polite to say "잘 먹었습니다"
examples:
- ko: 저는 어젯밤에 **잘** 잤어요
en: I slept **well** last night
@@ -384,8 +402,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson20v32.mp3
en: poorly
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "몯"</p>
<p>The usage of 못 is very complex. See below in this lesson for more information.</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "몯"
The usage of 못 is very complex. See below in this lesson for more information.
examples:
- ko: 저는 어제 시험을 못 봤어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson20-12.mp3
@@ -399,7 +418,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson20v33.mp3
en: adds respect to person's name or position
notes: |
<p>The specific words for father- and mother-in-law are 장인 and 장모님, respectively. However, it is common to politely refer to them as "father" and "mother" using ~님 as shown in the example below.</p>
The specific words for father- and mother-in-law are 장인 and 장모님, respectively. However, it is common to politely refer to them as "father" and "mother" using ~님 as shown in the example below.
examples:
- ko: 아버**님**과 어머**님**은 영어로 말씀을 못하셔요
en: My mother and father in law can't speak English
@@ -408,7 +427,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson20v34.mp3
en: or
notes: |
<p>This is usually used between two nouns or certain adverbs (usually a place or time), not between two verbs or adjectives. In order to see how to say "or" with verbs and adjectives, see Lesson 55.</p>
This is usually used between two nouns or certain adverbs (usually a place or time), not between two verbs or adjectives. In order to see how to say "or" with verbs and adjectives, see Lesson 55.
examples:
- ko: 중학교 **또는** 고등학교를 다녀요?
en: Do you go to middle school **or** high school?
@@ -424,8 +443,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson20v36.mp3
en: surely/definitely
notes: |
<p>This word appears in my Korean Sign Explanation Video 5.</p>
<p><YouTube id="wMRfpE9JdUo" /></p>
This word appears in my Korean Sign Explanation Video 5.
<YouTube id="wMRfpE9JdUo" />
examples:
- ko: 우리는 이번에 **꼭** 이겨야 돼요
en: We **must** win this time!
@@ -442,8 +462,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson20v37.mp3
en: of course
notes: |
<p>Often used as an adverb, for example: "물론 와도 돼요!" = "Of course you can come!"</p>
<p>It can also be used as a noun (predicated with 이다). For example: "돈을 줄 것은 물론이죠" = "Of course I will give you the money"</p>
Often used as an adverb, for example:
- "물론 와도 돼요!" = "Of course you can come!"
It can also be used as a noun (predicated with 이다). For example:
- "돈을 줄 것은 물론이죠" = "Of course I will give you the money"
examples:
- ko: "**물론** 와도 돼요!"
en: "**Of course** you can come!"
docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/21-why-when-where-who.md
+44 -29
View File
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson21v1.mp3
en: news
notes: |
<p>This word does not mean the "news" that you see on TV. Rather, it is the word to describe a piece of information, that we often call "news" in English.</p>
This word does not mean the "news" that you see on TV. Rather, it is the word to describe a piece of information, that we often call "news" in English.
examples:
- ko: 나쁜 **소식**이 있어요
en: There is some bad **news**
@@ -57,8 +57,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson21v4.mp3
en: wedding
notes: |
<p>Usually, by adding 식 to the end of a noun in Korean, the noun turns into some sort of a ceremony.</p>
<p>결혼 + 식 = marriage ceremony (wedding)</p>
Usually, by adding 식 to the end of a noun in Korean, the noun turns into some sort of a ceremony.
결혼 + 식 = marriage ceremony (wedding)
examples:
- ko: "**결혼식**은 언제예요?"
en: When is the **wedding**?
@@ -110,7 +111,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson21v9.mp3
en: schedule
notes: |
<p>See Lesson 50 for more information.</p>
See Lesson 50 for more information.
examples:
- ko: 우리가 내일 도착할 **예정**이에요
en: We are **scheduled** to arrive tomorrow
@@ -131,8 +132,10 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson21v10.mp3
en: booger, a small amount of something
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "코딱찌"</p>
<p>코딱지만큼 is an idiom to say something is really small, for example: 아빠가 코딱지만큼 먹었어요 = Dad only ate a little bit!</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "코딱찌"
코딱지만큼 is an idiom to say something is really small, for example:
- 아빠가 코딱지만큼 먹었어요 = Dad only ate a little bit!
examples:
- ko: 아빠가 **코딱지만큼** 먹었어요
en: Dad only ate **a little bit**!
@@ -211,7 +214,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson21v18.mp3
en: to check into a hospital
notes: |
<p>This often translates to "enter a hospital," but it actually used to say that one enters a hospital, and then gets admitted. You would not use this word if you enter a hospital to visit somebody or to do some other task there.</p>
This often translates to "enter a hospital," but it actually used to say that one enters a hospital, and then gets admitted. You would not use this word if you enter a hospital to visit somebody or to do some other task there.
examples:
- ko: 어제 병원에 **입원했나요**?
en: Did you **go to/get admitted to the hospital** yesterday?
@@ -224,7 +227,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson21v19.mp3
en: to check out of a hospital
notes: |
<p>The opposite of 입원하다, this is not used to indicate that you leave a hospital. It is used when somebody has completed their treatment and is okay to leave the hospital.</p>
The opposite of 입원하다, this is not used to indicate that you leave a hospital. It is used when somebody has completed their treatment and is okay to leave the hospital.
examples:
- ko: "언제 **퇴원할** 수 있어요?"
en: When will you be able to **leave the hospital**?
@@ -233,7 +236,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson21v20.mp3
en: to win/to win against
notes: |
<p>In English the words "beat" and "win" are slightly different. However, in Korean, 이기다 is used for both of these words.</p>
In English the words "beat" and "win" are slightly different. However, in Korean, 이기다 is used for both of these words.
examples:
- ko: 우리는 다른 팀을 농구경기에서 **이겼어요**
en: We **beat** the other team in the basketball game
@@ -264,7 +267,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson21v23.mp3
en: to ride
notes: |
<p>타다 is another one of those verbs that has so many meanings depending on the situation. One of the most common meanings, however, is to "ride." It can be used in a wide variety of situations where you are on something that is moving (boat, horse, taxi, subway, elevator, bus)</p>
타다 is another one of those verbs that has so many meanings depending on the situation. One of the most common meanings, however, is to "ride." It can be used in a wide variety of situations where you are on something that is moving (boat, horse, taxi, subway, elevator, bus)
examples:
- ko: 저는 서울역에서 버스를 **탔어요**
en: I **got on** the bus at Seoul station
@@ -282,8 +285,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson21v24.mp3
en: to be pleasant
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "즐겁따"</p>
<p>즐겁다 follows the ㅂ irregular</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "즐겁따"
즐겁다 follows the ㅂ irregular
examples:
- ko: 날씨가 좋아서 산책하는 것은 **즐거워요**
en: It is **pleasant** go to for a walk because the weather is so nice
@@ -325,7 +329,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson21v27.mp3
en: who
notes: |
<p>When used as the subject of a sentence, 누구 changes to 누가.</p>
When used as the subject of a sentence, 누구 changes to 누가.
examples:
- ko: "**누가** 내일 한국어를 공부할 거야?"
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson21-65.mp3
@@ -351,10 +355,14 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson21v29.mp3
en: when
notes: |
<p>Particles like ~부터 and ~까지, which are often used to indicate from/until when something happens can be attached to 언제 to indicate that it is unknown "from/until when" something happens.</p>
<p>언제 can also be attached to "이다" to ask "when" something is. In these cases as well, it replaces the noun that would normally be attached to 이다. For example: "결혼식은 언제야?" = "When is the wedding?"</p>
<p>This word appears in my Korean Sign Explanation Video 5.</p>
<p><YouTube id="wMRfpE9JdUo" /></p>
Particles like ~부터 and ~까지, which are often used to indicate from/until when something happens can be attached to 언제 to indicate that it is unknown "from/until when" something happens.
언제 can also be attached to "이다" to ask "when" something is. In these cases as well, it replaces the noun that would normally be attached to 이다. For example:
- "결혼식은 언제야?" = "When is the wedding?"
This word appears in my Korean Sign Explanation Video 5.
<YouTube id="wMRfpE9JdUo" />
examples:
- ko: 집에 **언제** 갔어?
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson21-40.mp3
@@ -385,10 +393,13 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson21v30.mp3
en: where
notes: |
<p>The particle ~까지 is commonly attached to 어디. ~부터 is not commonly attached to 어디 for the same reason that ~부터 is not commonly attached to a place, as described in Lesson 12.</p>
<p>Like 언제, it can also be used as the noun before 이다 to ask where something "is." For example: "어디야?" = "Where are you?" This is really only done when speaking to a person, and you are asking him/her directly where he/she is. When asking where another person, or another thing is, it is more natural to use 있다 in the sentence.</p>
<p>This word appears in my Korean Sign Explanation Video 5.</p>
<p><YouTube id="wMRfpE9JdUo" /></p>
The particle ~까지 is commonly attached to 어디. ~부터 is not commonly attached to 어디 for the same reason that ~부터 is not commonly attached to a place, as described in Lesson 12.
Like 언제, it can also be used as the noun before 이다 to ask where something "is." For example: "어디야?" = "Where are you?" This is really only done when speaking to a person, and you are asking him/her directly where he/she is. When asking where another person, or another thing is, it is more natural to use 있다 in the sentence.
This word appears in my Korean Sign Explanation Video 5.
<YouTube id="wMRfpE9JdUo" />
examples:
- ko: "**어디** 가고 싶어요?"
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson21-50.mp3
@@ -417,9 +428,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson21v31.mp3
en: also
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "역씨"</p>
<p>Similar to the particle ~도. However, 역시 does not get added directly to nouns.</p>
<p>역시 also gets placed as an adverb in sentences for feeling when the speaker says something that is "as expected."</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "역씨"
Similar to the particle ~도. However, 역시 does not get added directly to nouns.
역시 also gets placed as an adverb in sentences for feeling when the speaker says something that is "as expected."
examples:
- ko: 나 **역시** 수학을 좋아하지 않아
en: I **also** don't like math
@@ -428,8 +441,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson21v34.mp3
en: some
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "면멷"</p>
<p>Usually placed before a word meaning "people" to mean "some ____"</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "면멷"
Usually placed before a word meaning "people" to mean "some \_\_\_\_"
examples:
- ko: "**몇몇** 사람들은 밥을 좋아하지 않아"
en: "**Some** people don't like rice"
@@ -438,8 +452,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson21v36.mp3
en: already/earlier than expected
notes: |
<p>벌써 can be used to indicate that one action has "already" happened. These actions are usually finished when then speaker uses "벌써."</p>
<p>It can also be used to indicate that an action happens earlier than expected. These actions don't have to be finished for the speaker to use 벌써.</p>
벌써 can be used to indicate that one action has "already" happened. These actions are usually finished when then speaker uses "벌써."
It can also be used to indicate that an action happens earlier than expected. These actions don't have to be finished for the speaker to use 벌써.
examples:
- ko: 저는 그 사실을 **벌써** 알고 있었어요
en: I **already** knew that fact
@@ -454,7 +469,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson21v37.mp3
en: already
notes: |
<p>이미 can replace 벌써 in the first usage described above, but not the second one. That is, it can be used to indicate that one action has "already" happened.</p>
이미 can replace 벌써 in the first usage described above, but not the second one. That is, it can be used to indicate that one action has "already" happened.
examples:
- ko: 저는 그 사실을 **이미** 알고 있었어요
en: I **already** knew that fact
docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/22-how-which-what-how-many.md
+24 -20
View File
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson22v2.mp3
en: a seat, a place to put something
notes: |
<p>Incredibly common word that is used in very important situations. 자리 is some area of space, but not really 3-dimensional space. It is more space on the ground or something similar to that. For example, if somebody is standing where you are standing, you could say "get out of my place/my spot!" In that case, you can use 자리. In practice, it is very commonly used to have the meaning "seat".</p>
Incredibly common word that is used in very important situations. 자리 is some area of space, but not really 3-dimensional space. It is more space on the ground or something similar to that. For example, if somebody is standing where you are standing, you could say "get out of my place/my spot!" In that case, you can use 자리. In practice, it is very commonly used to have the meaning "seat".
examples:
- ko: "**자리**가 없어요"
en: There are no **seats**/there is **nowhere to sit**
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson22v12.mp3
en: to collect, to come and pick up
notes: |
<p>This word is most commonly used to refer to people coming to pick up garbage (garbage collection). You would think that this word wouldn't be very common (how often do you talk about garbage collection), but it is used fairly often if you live in Korea.</p>
This word is most commonly used to refer to people coming to pick up garbage (garbage collection). You would think that this word wouldn't be very common (how often do you talk about garbage collection), but it is used fairly often if you live in Korea.
examples:
- ko: 쓰레기는 월요일마다 **수거된다**
en: Garbage is **collected** every Monday
@@ -122,8 +122,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson22v14.mp3
en: to tear, to rip
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "찓따"</p>
<p>If you want to say that you ripped a hole in your clothes, you can also use the idiom "빵구가 났다"</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "찓따"
If you want to say that you ripped a hole in your clothes, you can also use the idiom "빵구가 났다"
examples:
- ko: 누가 이 옷을 **찢었어요**?
en: Who **ripped** the clothes?
@@ -134,7 +135,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson22v15.mp3
en: to go and then come back
notes: |
<p>A combination of the words 다니다 and 오다. This word is often used in greetings, to indicate that one will go, and then come back.</p>
A combination of the words 다니다 and 오다. This word is often used in greetings, to indicate that one will go, and then come back.
examples:
- ko: 선생님! 미국에 잘 **다녀왔어요**?
en: Teacher! Did you **come back** well from America?
@@ -187,7 +188,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson22v20.mp3
en: how much
notes: |
<p>얼마나 is a very common adverb that means "how" but is very different from 어떻게. 얼마나 is a word that is placed before adjectives and adverbs to mean "how (adjective/adverb). You can also put "얼마" before 이다 to ask "how much does this cost?"</p>
얼마나 is a very common adverb that means "how" but is very different from 어떻게. 얼마나 is a word that is placed before adjectives and adverbs to mean "how (adjective/adverb). You can also put "얼마" before 이다 to ask "how much does this cost?"
examples:
- ko: 한국어를 **얼마나** 자주 공부해요?
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson22-56.mp3
@@ -201,8 +202,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson22v21.mp3
en: how many ___
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "멷"</p>
<p>Used before a counter to ask how many of something. Also used to ask about one's age.</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "멷"
Used before a counter to ask how many of something. Also used to ask about one's age.
examples:
- ko: 차가 **몇** 대 있어요?
en: "**How many** cars do you have?"
@@ -255,8 +257,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson22v25.mp3
en: which
notes: |
<p>The difference between 어떤, 무슨 and 어느 is discussed at length in this lesson.</p>
<p>어떤 can mean "which" as in "which sport do you like best?" But it can also mean "some." How do you differentiate if "어떤" means some or which? If the sentence is a question, it will usually mean "which." If the sentence is not a question, it will usually mean "some."</p>
The difference between 어떤, 무슨 and 어느 is discussed at length in this lesson.
어떤 can mean "which" as in "which sport do you like best?" But it can also mean "some." How do you differentiate if "어떤" means some or which? If the sentence is a question, it will usually mean "which." If the sentence is not a question, it will usually mean "some."
examples:
- ko: 어제 **어떤** 남자가 왔어요?
en: "**Which** man came here yesterday?"
@@ -303,8 +306,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson22v29.mp3
en: outside
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "바깓"</p>
<p>This can be placed before a noun to describe it or to refer to the outside in general.</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "바깓"
This can be placed before a noun to describe it or to refer to the outside in general.
examples:
- ko: 미친 사람이 **바깥**에서 춤을 췄어요
en: A crazy man was dancing **outside**
@@ -333,20 +337,20 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson22v32.mp3
en: must read
notes: |
<p>Technically a noun, but usually the translation makes it sound like it is a verb with an emphasis attached to it.</p>
<p>This word is usually used by itself at the top of messages (or as the subject of an e-mail) to indicate that the message is a "must read"</p>
Technically a noun, but usually the translation makes it sound like it is a verb with an emphasis attached to it.
This word is usually used by itself at the top of messages (or as the subject of an e-mail) to indicate that the message is a "must read"
examples: []
- ko: 며칠
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson22v33.mp3
en: how many days
notes: |
<p>This word has three main usages:</p>
<ul>
<li>When asking somebody how many days they will do something</li>
<li>When asking what day it is</li>
<li>To say "a few days ago"</li>
</ul>
This word has three main usages:
* When asking somebody how many days they will do something
* When asking what day it is
* To say "a few days ago"
examples:
- ko: 한국에서 **며칠** 있었어요?
en: "**How many days** were you in Korea?"
docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/23-ㅎ-irregulars-colors.md
+54 -34
View File
@@ -5,8 +5,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson23v1.mp3
en: (the color) green
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "초록쌕"</p>
<p>Color words that end in "색" are nouns. However, these words are often used like adjectives by placing them before a noun.</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "초록쌕"
Color words that end in "색" are nouns. However, these words are often used like adjectives by placing them before a noun.
examples:
- ko: 제가 가장 좋아하는 색깔은 **초록색**이에요
en: My favorite color is **green**
@@ -128,7 +129,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson23v16.mp3
en: one's back
notes: |
<p>When you want to say that your "back hurts," you should say "허리가 아파요" – which translates to "my hip hurts."</p>
When you want to say that your "back hurts," you should say "허리가 아파요" – which translates to "my hip hurts."
examples:
- ko: "**등**이 간지러워서 긁어 주세요"
en: Scratch my **back**! It's itchy!
@@ -195,10 +196,13 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson23v24.mp3
en: to go down
notes: |
<p>Compound verb of 내리다 and 가다.</p>
<p>This is also used to refer to going down (geographically) in the country.</p>
<p>This word appears in Korean Sign Explanation [Video 16]</p>
<p><YouTube id="NcbM1Vgvu9I" /></p>
Compound verb of 내리다 and 가다.
This is also used to refer to going down (geographically) in the country.
This word appears in Korean Sign Explanation [Video 16]
<YouTube id="NcbM1Vgvu9I" />
examples:
- ko: 지금 점점 어두워지고 있어서 우리는 산에서 **내려가**야 돼요
en: We need to **go down** the mountain, because it is gradually getting darker
@@ -237,8 +241,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson23v27.mp3
en: to be sea blue
notes: |
<p>푸르다 gets conjugated into 푸르러(요) when ~아/어 is added to it.</p>
<p>I don't know of any other word that acts like this.</p>
푸르다 gets conjugated into 푸르러(요) when ~아/어 is added to it.
I don't know of any other word that acts like this.
examples:
- ko: 해가 뜨기 전에 하늘은 **푸르러요**
en: The sky was **sea blue** before the sunrise
@@ -247,8 +252,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson23v28.mp3
en: to be yellow
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "노라타"</p>
<p>노랗다 follows the ㅎ irregular</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "노라타"
노랗다 follows the ㅎ irregular
examples:
- ko: 저 **노란** 집이 예뻐요
en: That **yellow** house is pretty
@@ -261,8 +267,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson23v29.mp3
en: to be red
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "빨가타"</p>
<p>빨갛다 follows the ㅎ irregular</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "빨가타"
빨갛다 follows the ㅎ irregular
examples:
- ko: 얼굴이 왜 이렇게 **빨개요**?
en: Why is your face so **red**?
@@ -277,8 +284,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson23v30.mp3
en: to be white
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "하야타"</p>
<p>하얗다 follows the ㅎ irregular</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "하야타"
하얗다 follows the ㅎ irregular
examples:
- ko: "**하얀색**은 가장 순수한 색깔이에요"
en: "**White** is the purest color"
@@ -290,8 +298,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson23v31.mp3
en: to be black
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "까마타"</p>
<p>까맣다 follows the ㅎ irregular</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "까마타"
까맣다 follows the ㅎ irregular
examples:
- ko: 그 남자는 매일 **까만색** 옷을 입어요
en: That man wears **black** clothes every day
@@ -303,8 +312,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson23v32.mp3
en: to be blue
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "파라타"</p>
<p>파랗다 follows the ㅎ irregular</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "파라타"
파랗다 follows the ㅎ irregular
examples:
- ko: "**파란** 눈이 있는 남자가 가장 잘생겼어요"
en: Men with **blue** eyes are the most handsome
@@ -320,10 +330,13 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Lesson23n1.mp3
en: to be like this
notes: |
<p>It is hard to describe the meaning of 이렇다, 그렇다 and 저렇다 without any other grammatical principle added to it. Much like 이, 그 and 저 can mean "this," "that" and "that;" 이렇다, 그렇다 and 저렇다 can mean "like this," "like that" and "like that."</p>
<p>It is easier to describe and understand the meaning of these words when other grammatical principles are attached to it. ~ㄴ/은 (Lesson 4) is often added to 이렇다 (to create 이런) to describe a noun.</p>
<p>~게 (Lesson 8) is often added to 이렇다 (to create 이렇게) to turn it into an adverb.</p>
<p>When Korean people ask a "why" question, they often stress "why" by using 이렇게.</p>
It is hard to describe the meaning of 이렇다, 그렇다 and 저렇다 without any other grammatical principle added to it. Much like 이, 그 and 저 can mean "this," "that" and "that;" 이렇다, 그렇다 and 저렇다 can mean "like this," "like that" and "like that."
It is easier to describe and understand the meaning of these words when other grammatical principles are attached to it. ~ㄴ/은 (Lesson 4) is often added to 이렇다 (to create 이런) to describe a noun.
~게 (Lesson 8) is often added to 이렇다 (to create 이렇게) to turn it into an adverb.
When Korean people ask a "why" question, they often stress "why" by using 이렇게.
examples:
- ko: "**이런** 일은 위험하다"
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson23-35.mp3
@@ -355,10 +368,13 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Lesson23n2.mp3
en: to be like that
notes: |
<p>It is hard to describe the meaning of 이렇다, 그렇다 and 저렇다 without any other grammatical principle added to it. Much like 이, 그 and 저 can mean "this," "that" and "that;" 이렇다, 그렇다 and 저렇다 can mean "like this," "like that" and "like that."</p>
<p>It is easier to describe and understand the meaning of these words when other grammatical principles are attached to it. ~ㄴ/은 (Lesson 4) is often added to 그렇다 (to create 그런) to describe a noun.</p>
<p>~게 (Lesson 8) is often added to 그렇다 (to create 그렇게) to turn it into an adverb.</p>
<p>Many other grammatical principles are commonly added to 그렇다. I discuss this more in the actual lesson below.</p>
It is hard to describe the meaning of 이렇다, 그렇다 and 저렇다 without any other grammatical principle added to it. Much like 이, 그 and 저 can mean "this," "that" and "that;" 이렇다, 그렇다 and 저렇다 can mean "like this," "like that" and "like that."
It is easier to describe and understand the meaning of these words when other grammatical principles are attached to it. ~ㄴ/은 (Lesson 4) is often added to 그렇다 (to create 그런) to describe a noun.
~게 (Lesson 8) is often added to 그렇다 (to create 그렇게) to turn it into an adverb.
Many other grammatical principles are commonly added to 그렇다. I discuss this more in the actual lesson below.
examples:
- ko: 저는 **그런** 사람을 믿지 않아요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson23-40.mp3
@@ -383,9 +399,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Lesson23n3.mp3
en: to be like that
notes: |
<p>It is hard to describe the meaning of 이렇다, 그렇다 and 저렇다 without any other grammatical principle added to it. Much like 이, 그 and 저 can mean "this," "that" and "that;" 이렇다, 그렇다 and 저렇다 can mean "like this," "like that" and "like that."</p>
<p>It is easier to describe and understand the meaning of these words when other grammatical principles are attached to it. ~ㄴ/은 (Lesson 4) is often added to 저렇다 (to create 저런) to describe a noun.</p>
<p>~게 (Lesson 8) is often added to 저렇다 (to create 저렇게) to turn it into an adverb.</p>
It is hard to describe the meaning of 이렇다, 그렇다 and 저렇다 without any other grammatical principle added to it. Much like 이, 그 and 저 can mean "this," "that" and "that;" 이렇다, 그렇다 and 저렇다 can mean "like this," "like that" and "like that."
It is easier to describe and understand the meaning of these words when other grammatical principles are attached to it. ~ㄴ/은 (Lesson 4) is often added to 저렇다 (to create 저런) to describe a noun.
~게 (Lesson 8) is often added to 저렇다 (to create 저렇게) to turn it into an adverb.
examples:
- ko: 저는 **저런** 여자를 좋아하지 않아요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson23-44.mp3
@@ -405,8 +423,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson23v40.mp3
en: most
notes: |
<p>Placed immediately before a noun to say "most."</p>
<p>Often times "의" is attached to 대부분 when it describes an upcoming noun.</p>
Placed immediately before a noun to say "most."
Often times "의" is attached to 대부분 when it describes an upcoming noun.
examples:
- ko: "**대부분의** 사람들은 아침밥을 먹지 않는다"
en: "**Most** people don't eat breakfast"
@@ -429,8 +448,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson23v42.mp3
en: counter for a "type/kind of thing"
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "종뉴"</p>
<p>종류 and 가지 have the same meaning. They are used as a counter when you are talking about types of things.</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "종뉴"
종류 and 가지 have the same meaning. They are used as a counter when you are talking about types of things.
examples:
- ko: "어떤 **종류**의 차를 원해요?"
en: What **type** of car do you want?
docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/24-before-after-since-within.md
+20 -10
View File
@@ -251,9 +251,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson24v29.mp3
en: to be hot (object)
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "뜨겁따"</p>
<p>뜨겁다 follows the ㅂ irregular</p>
<p>Only used to describe objects when they are hot. Not when describing the weather and usually not when describing one's body temperature. It would only be used to describe a body temperature if somebody's body is hot to the touch.</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "뜨겁따"
뜨겁다 follows the ㅂ irregular
Only used to describe objects when they are hot. Not when describing the weather and usually not when describing one's body temperature. It would only be used to describe a body temperature if somebody's body is hot to the touch.
examples:
- ko: 물이 매우 **뜨거워**서 만지지 마세요
en: Don't touch the water because it is very **hot**
@@ -262,9 +264,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson24v30.mp3
en: to be cold (object)
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "차갑다"</p>
<p>차갑다 follows the ㅂ irregular</p>
<p>Only used to describe objects when they are cold. Not when describing the weather and usually not when describing one's body temperature. It would only be used to describe a body temperature if somebody's body is cold to the touch.</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "차갑다"
차갑다 follows the ㅂ irregular
Only used to describe objects when they are cold. Not when describing the weather and usually not when describing one's body temperature. It would only be used to describe a body temperature if somebody's body is cold to the touch.
examples:
- ko: "**차가운** 물을 주세요"
en: Please give me **cold** water
@@ -281,8 +285,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson24v32.mp3
en: before/ago
notes: |
<p>Used to indicate that something was done before a certain time, for example: "저는 2주 전에 남동생을 만났어요" = "I met my brother 2 weeks ago"</p>
<p>Also used to indicate that something happens before an action: "한국에 오기 전에 저는 한국어를 배웠어요" = "I learned Korean before I came to Korea"</p>
Used to indicate that something was done before a certain time, for example:
- "저는 2주 전에 남동생을 만났어요" = "I met my brother 2 weeks ago"
Also used to indicate that something happens before an action:
- "한국에 오기 전에 저는 한국어를 배웠어요" = "I learned Korean before I came to Korea"
examples:
- ko: 저는 2주 **전**에 남동생을 만났어요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson24-1.mp3
@@ -304,8 +311,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson24v34.mp3
en: after/later
notes: |
<p>Used to indicate that something was done after a certain time, for example: "수업은 2분 후에 끝날 거예요" = "Class will finish 2 minutes from now"</p>
<p>Also used to indicate that something happens after an action: "밥을 먹은 후에 친구를 만났어요" = "After I ate, I met a friend"</p>
Used to indicate that something was done after a certain time, for example:
- "수업은 2분 후에 끝날 거예요" = "Class will finish 2 minutes from now"
Also used to indicate that something happens after an action:
- "밥을 먹은 후에 친구를 만났어요" = "After I ate, I met a friend"
examples:
- ko: 수업은 2분 **후**에 끝날 거예요
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson24-13.mp3
docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/25-anybody-everybody.md
+10 -7
View File
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson25v1.mp3
en: every
notes: |
<p>This looks like the dictionary form of this word should be "모드다" and ~ㄴ/은 is added to is to describe an upcoming noun. 모든 is the dictionary form of this word. It is placed before nouns to mean "all/every…"</p>
This looks like the dictionary form of this word should be "모드다" and ~ㄴ/은 is added to is to describe an upcoming noun. 모든 is the dictionary form of this word. It is placed before nouns to mean "all/every…"
examples:
- ko: "**모든** 학생들은 하루 종일 잤어"
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson25-2.mp3
@@ -271,8 +271,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson25v20.mp3
en: place
notes: |
<p>This word is similar to the words 곳 and 장소.</p>
<p>A deeper discussion of 데, specifically distinguishing it from 때 and ~는데 can be found in Lesson 76 and Lesson 77.</p>
This word is similar to the words 곳 and 장소.
A deeper discussion of 데, specifically distinguishing it from 때 and ~는데 can be found in Lesson 76 and Lesson 77.
examples:
- ko: 돈이 없어서 갈 수 있는 **데**가 없었어요
en: He had **nowhere** to go because he had no money
@@ -337,7 +338,8 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson25v27.mp3
en: menu
notes: |
<p>In English the word "menu" is only about the physical book where foods are written in a restaurant. In Korean people use the word "메뉴" when talking about the types of food served at a restaurant. Therefore, you will often hear things like "이 식당의 메뉴는 어때요?" (What do you think about the types of food at this restaurant?)</p>
In English the word "menu" is only about the physical book where foods are written in a restaurant. In Korean people use the word "메뉴" when talking about the types of food served at a restaurant. Therefore, you will often hear things like
- "이 식당의 메뉴는 어때요?" (What do you think about the types of food at this restaurant?)
examples:
- ko: 그 식당은 **메뉴**를 바꿨어요
en: That restaurant changed its **menu** (changed the types of food that are served)
@@ -394,8 +396,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson25v34.mp3
en: baby, infant
notes: |
<p>I believe the word was originally "아기" but through constant mispronunciation, the word has now evolved to "애기."</p>
<p>People often call their boyfriend or girlfriend "애기." This makes some people sick.</p>
I believe the word was originally "아기" but through constant mispronunciation, the word has now evolved to "애기."
People often call their boyfriend or girlfriend "애기." This makes some people sick.
examples:
- ko: 우리 **애기**는 이제 두 살이에요
en: Our **baby** is now two years old
@@ -483,7 +486,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson25v41.mp3
en: to be interested in
notes: |
<p>Very common noun that you can use to say "I am interested" in something. "~에" is added to the thing you are interested in, and 관심 is followed by ~이 있다. Translates directly to "I have interest in ____."</p>
Very common noun that you can use to say "I am interested" in something. "~에" is added to the thing you are interested in, and 관심 is followed by ~이 있다. Translates directly to "I have interest in \_\_\_\_."
examples:
- ko: 저는 한국역사에 **관심이 있어요**
en: I am **interested** in Korean history
docs/howtostudykorean/unit-2/26-describing-nouns-with-verbs.md
+82 -48
View File
@@ -5,9 +5,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Lesson26v2.mp3
en: middle aged/older woman
notes: |
<p>The word "아주머니" is commonly used as well</p>
<p>아줌마 and 아주머니 are commonly used to refer to an older woman that you don't know the name of, or even do know the name of but aren't close enough to call her by her name. This also extends to older women who work in a restaurant.</p>
<p>The age that you could call a female an "아줌마" is ambiguous, but I would say that somewhere between late-thirties to mid-sixties would be appropriate. Any younger, and you would probably be offending a younger woman by thinking she is too old. Any older, and you are better off calling the woman "할머니."</p>
The word "아주머니" is commonly used as well
아줌마 and 아주머니 are commonly used to refer to an older woman that you don't know the name of, or even do know the name of but aren't close enough to call her by her name. This also extends to older women who work in a restaurant.
The age that you could call a female an "아줌마" is ambiguous, but I would say that somewhere between late-thirties to mid-sixties would be appropriate. Any younger, and you would probably be offending a younger woman by thinking she is too old. Any older, and you are better off calling the woman "할머니."
examples:
- ko: 저는 **아줌마**를 위해 문을 열었어요
en: I opened the door for **an older lady**
@@ -49,8 +51,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Lesson26v6.mp3
en: destination
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "목쩍찌"</p>
<p>As you know, "목적" translates to "goal." 지 is a common Hanja character (地) that refers to land or a place. Together, "목적지" literally refers to the "goal" place or "the place one is headed towards." This is easier translated to just "destination."</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "목쩍찌"
As you know, "목적" translates to "goal." 지 is a common Hanja character (地) that refers to land or a place. Together, "목적지" literally refers to the "goal" place or "the place one is headed towards." This is easier translated to just "destination."
examples:
- ko: 우리가 **목적지**에 거의 도착했어요
en: We have almost arrived at our **destination**
@@ -71,8 +74,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Lesson26v8.mp3
en: neighborhood
notes: |
<p>This word appears in my Korean Sign Explanation Video 5.</p>
<p><YouTube id="wMRfpE9JdUo" /></p>
This word appears in my Korean Sign Explanation Video 5.
<YouTube id="wMRfpE9JdUo" />
examples:
- ko: 여기는 역사적인 **동네**입니다
en: This (here) is a historical **neighborhood**
@@ -109,7 +113,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Lesson26v11.mp3
en: right/correct answer
notes: |
<p>This word is commonly yelled by Korean people if somebody asks a question to a large group. The group is usually students, but they could also be contestants on a game show or some quiz show on TV. It is common for the person who knows the correct answer to raise his/her hand and yell "정답!"</p>
This word is commonly yelled by Korean people if somebody asks a question to a large group. The group is usually students, but they could also be contestants on a game show or some quiz show on TV. It is common for the person who knows the correct answer to raise his/her hand and yell "정답!"
examples:
- ko: 그는 **정답**을 아는 척했어요
en: He pretended to know the **right answer**
@@ -134,7 +138,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Lesson26v13.mp3
en: a certain area or region
notes: |
<p>지역 and 구역 are often confused. 지역 is more about the area of a city or country. Like 경기도 지역 (the area of 경기 province) or something like that. 구역 is more about the area of any other place, like a specific designated area of a building or park or something like that (for example, 견인구역 = tow away zone)</p>
지역 and 구역 are often confused. 지역 is more about the area of a city or country. Like 경기도 지역 (the area of 경기 province) or something like that. 구역 is more about the area of any other place, like a specific designated area of a building or park or something like that (for example, 견인구역 = tow away zone)
examples:
- ko: 우리가 사는 **지역**이 조금 위험해요
en: The **area** we live in is a little bit dangerous
@@ -174,7 +178,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Lesson26v16.mp3
en: player (in sports)
notes: |
<p>In English, we call athletes who play game-like sports "players." For example, a basketball "player." However, other athletes are not called "players," for example, it would be unnatural to call a swimmer a "swimming player." In Korean, the word 선수 is used to refer to any athlete of any sport.</p>
In English, we call athletes who play game-like sports "players." For example, a basketball "player." However, other athletes are not called "players," for example, it would be unnatural to call a swimmer a "swimming player." In Korean, the word 선수 is used to refer to any athlete of any sport.
examples:
- ko: 야구**선수**는 공을 세게 던졌어요
en: The baseball **player** threw the ball hard
@@ -191,8 +195,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Lesson26v17.mp3
en: life
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "목쑴"</p>
<p>This word translates to "life" but is usually used when one 'loses,' 'saves,' or 'dedicates' a life.</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "목쑴"
This word translates to "life" but is usually used when one 'loses,' 'saves,' or 'dedicates' a life.
examples:
- ko: 사람 네 명은 **목숨**을 잃었다
en: Four people lost their **lives**
@@ -212,7 +217,7 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Lesson26v19.mp3
en: waist
notes: |
<p>Although this typically translates to "waist," Korean people often say "허리(가) 아프다" when their lower-back is sore. For example, if somebody came home after a hard day of work with lots of standing around and/or physical labor, he/she would say "아우! 허리 아파!" In English, it would be unnatural to say "Ahh! My waist hurts!" It would be more natural to say "My back hurts."</p>
Although this typically translates to "waist," Korean people often say "허리(가) 아프다" when their lower-back is sore. For example, if somebody came home after a hard day of work with lots of standing around and/or physical labor, he/she would say "아우! 허리 아파!" In English, it would be unnatural to say "Ahh! My waist hurts!" It would be more natural to say "My back hurts."
examples:
- ko: 하루 종일 일을 해서 이제 **허리**가 아파요
en: My **back** is sore after working all day
@@ -291,7 +296,8 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Lesson26v27.mp3
en: usual, normal, typical
notes: |
<p>This word is usually placed before a noun to describe it as something that is "normal" or "not special." For example: "일반 사람" = "most people (typical people - the people who are typical)"</p>
This word is usually placed before a noun to describe it as something that is "normal" or "not special." For example:
- "일반 사람" = "most people (typical people - the people who are typical)"
examples:
- ko: 고속도로가 막혀서 **일반** 길로 갈 거예요
en: The highway is jammed, so I will take the **normal** road
@@ -302,10 +308,15 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Lesson26v28.mp3
en: space, gap
notes: |
<p>If you place 사이 after nouns, it represents the space between them. For example: "저는 차 두 대 사이에서 서 있어요" = "I am standing between two cars"</p>
<p>It is also used to indicate that the relationship "between" people: "저와 학생들 사이는 좋아요" = "The relationship between my students and me is good"</p>
<p>This word appears in my Korean Sign Explanation Video 5.</p>
<p><YouTube id="wMRfpE9JdUo" /></p>
If you place 사이 after nouns, it represents the space between them. For example:
- "저는 차 두 대 사이에서 서 있어요" = "I am standing between two cars"
It is also used to indicate that the relationship "between" people:
- "저와 학생들 사이는 좋아요" = "The relationship between my students and me is good"
This word appears in my Korean Sign Explanation Video 5.
<YouTube id="wMRfpE9JdUo" />
examples:
- ko: 저는 차 두 대 **사이**에서 서 있어요
en: I am standing **between** two cars
@@ -318,9 +329,13 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Lesson26v29.mp3
en: the outside of something
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "박"</p>
<p>밖 can be placed after a noun to mean "outside" of that noun. For example: "건물 밖에" = "outside the building"</p>
<p>It can also be used on its own to refer to "outside" in general. For example: "밖이 너무 추워요" = "It's so cold outside!"</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "박"
밖 can be placed after a noun to mean "outside" of that noun. For example:
- "건물 밖에" = "outside the building"
It can also be used on its own to refer to "outside" in general. For example:
- "밖이 너무 추워요" = "It's so cold outside!"
examples:
- ko: "**밖**에 일찍 나가려고 숙제를 빨리 했어요"
en: I did my homework fast so that I could go **out (outside)**
@@ -338,8 +353,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Lesson26v30.mp3
en: to peel, cut, trim, shave
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "깍따"</p>
<p>As you can see, there are many possible translations for this word. It generally refers to the action of "cutting" something. In English, depending on what you cut, the word might change.</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "깍따"
As you can see, there are many possible translations for this word. It generally refers to the action of "cutting" something. In English, depending on what you cut, the word might change.
examples:
- ko: "머리를 **깎**았어요?"
en: Did you get a hair**cut**?
@@ -350,8 +366,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Lesson26v31.mp3
en: to recognize, to try to know
notes: |
<p>This word can be used to indicate that one recognizes (or does not recognize) something, usually because of a change in appearance. When used like this, "알아보다" is formed by combining the meanings of the words "알다" (to know) and "보다" (to see). For example: "머리를 깎아서 못 알아봤어요" = "I couldn't recognize you because you cut your hair"</p>
<p>It can also be formed by combining "알다" (to know) with the grammatical principle ~아/어보다 (to try to), which is introduced in Lesson 32. When used like this, the translation is closer to "to try to know," and is often used when somebody looks into something new. For example: "저는 캐나다 숙소를 알아봐야 돼요" = "I need to look into places to stay in Canada"</p>
This word can be used to indicate that one recognizes (or does not recognize) something, usually because of a change in appearance. When used like this, "알아보다" is formed by combining the meanings of the words "알다" (to know) and "보다" (to see). For example:
- "머리를 깎아서 못 알아봤어요" = "I couldn't recognize you because you cut your hair"
It can also be formed by combining "알다" (to know) with the grammatical principle ~아/어보다 (to try to), which is introduced in Lesson 32. When used like this, the translation is closer to "to try to know," and is often used when somebody looks into something new. For example:
- "저는 캐나다 숙소를 알아봐야 돼요" = "I need to look into places to stay in Canada"
examples:
- ko: "머리를 깎아서 못 **알아봤어요**"
en: I couldn't **recognize** you because you cut your hair
@@ -366,8 +385,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Lesson26v32.mp3
en: to overcome
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "극뽀카다"</p>
<p>The noun form of this word ("극복") translates to something like "conquest"</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "극뽀카다"
The noun form of this word ("극복") translates to something like "conquest"
examples:
- ko: "이 문제를 **극복**하는 것이 힘들 거예요"
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Lesson26s10.mp3
@@ -389,8 +409,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Lesson26v34.mp3
en: to pass, to get accepted
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "합껴카다"</p>
<p>The noun form of this word ("합격") translates to something like "acceptance"</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "합껴카다"
The noun form of this word ("합격") translates to something like "acceptance"
examples:
- ko: 그 시험을 **합격**하기 위해 공부를 안 해도 되었다
en: I didn't need to study to **pass** that test
@@ -403,8 +424,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Lesson26v35.mp3
en: to decide
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "결쩡하다"</p>
<p>The noun form of this word ("결정") translates to "a decision."</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "결쩡하다"
The noun form of this word ("결정") translates to "a decision."
examples:
- ko: 미국은 경제적인 **결정**을 했어요
en: The US made an economical **decision**
@@ -425,9 +447,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Lesson26v37.mp3
en: to ask
notes: |
<p>The formal version of this word (when asking a question to somebody who deserves high respect) is 여쭈다 (often combined with ~아/어보다 to say "여쭤보다")</p>
<p>The original word for "to ask" is 묻다, but it is much more commonly used as "물어보다," which puts a spin on the meaning of the word to "to try to ask about" (the grammar of adding ~아/어보다 to a verb is introduced in Lesson 32).</p>
<p>To prevent confusion between "묻다" (to ask) and "물다" (to bite), Korean people often use "물어보다" to mean "to ask."</p>
The formal version of this word (when asking a question to somebody who deserves high respect) is 여쭈다 (often combined with ~아/어보다 to say "여쭤보다")
The original word for "to ask" is 묻다, but it is much more commonly used as "물어보다," which puts a spin on the meaning of the word to "to try to ask about" (the grammar of adding ~아/어보다 to a verb is introduced in Lesson 32).
To prevent confusion between "묻다" (to ask) and "물다" (to bite), Korean people often use "물어보다" to mean "to ask."
examples:
- ko: 저는 점원한테 질문을 **물어봤어요**
en: I **asked** the clerk a question
@@ -470,8 +494,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Lesson26v40.mp3
en: to continue
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "계소카다"</p>
<p>"계속" is used as an adverb that means "always" or "continually/continuously"</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "계소카다"
"계속" is used as an adverb that means "always" or "continually/continuously"
examples:
- ko: 건물을 지나가서 오른 쪽으로 가지 말고 **계속** 직진하세요
en: Go past the building, then don't turn right, but **keep** going straight (**continue** going straight)
@@ -498,9 +523,11 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Lesson26v42.mp3
en: to answer, to respond
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "다파다"</p>
<p>The noun form of this word ("답") translates to "an answer"</p>
<p>When answering a letter or e-mail, the word "답장하다" is more commonly used.</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "다파다"
The noun form of this word ("답") translates to "an answer"
When answering a letter or e-mail, the word "답장하다" is more commonly used.
examples:
- ko: 시험을 끝내기 전에 **답**을 확인하세요
en: Check your **answers** before finishing the test
@@ -523,8 +550,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Lesson26v44.mp3
en: to be clean
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "깨끄타다"</p>
<p>The adverb form of this verb can be 깨끗하게 or 깨끗이, which both translate to "cleanly"</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "깨끄타다"
The adverb form of this verb can be 깨끗하게 or 깨끗이, which both translate to "cleanly"
examples:
- ko: 이 집은 아주 **깨끗해요**
en: This house is very **clean**
@@ -535,8 +563,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Lesson26v45.mp3
en: to be remaining, to be left over
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "남따"</p>
<p>This word is often used in the present tense, the past tense or with ~아/어 있다 attached. Each has a very similar meaning. For example: "두 개 남아요" = "Two are left"</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "남따"
This word is often used in the present tense, the past tense or with ~아/어 있다 attached. Each has a very similar meaning. For example: "두 개 남아요" = "Two are left"
examples:
- ko: "**남은** 음식을 포장하고 싶어요"
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson26-23.mp3
@@ -555,9 +584,13 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Lesson26v47.mp3
en: free
notes: |
<p>The word 공짜(로) is very similar to 무료(로). 무료 is quite easy to remember if you know the Hanja characters: 無(무) = nothing, without; 料(요/료) = money, fee</p>
<p>When used as an adverb, ~로 is often attached to 무료. For example: "캐나다 사람들은 병원에서 치료를 무료로 받을 수 있어요" = "Canadian people can receive treatment at hospitals free of charge"</p>
<p>It is often placed before a noun, acting like an adjective that describes the upcoming noun. When used like this, ~로 is usually not used. For example: "캐나다 사람들은 병원에서 무료 치료를 받을 수 있어요" = "Canadian people can receive free treatment at hospitals"</p>
The word 공짜(로) is very similar to 무료(로). 무료 is quite easy to remember if you know the Hanja characters: 無(무) = nothing, without; 料(요/료) = money, fee
When used as an adverb, ~로 is often attached to 무료. For example:
- "캐나다 사람들은 병원에서 치료를 무료로 받을 수 있어요" = "Canadian people can receive treatment at hospitals free of charge"
It is often placed before a noun, acting like an adjective that describes the upcoming noun. When used like this, ~로 is usually not used. For example:
- "캐나다 사람들은 병원에서 무료 치료를 받을 수 있어요" = "Canadian people can receive free treatment at hospitals"
examples:
- ko: "병원에서 넘어져서 팔을 다친 아줌마가 약을 **무료**로 받았어요"
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Lesson26s15.mp3
@@ -569,8 +602,9 @@ vocabulary:
audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Lesson26v48.mp3
en: business hours
notes: |
<p>The pronunciation of this word is closer to "영업 씨간"</p>
<p>Although "영업" is a word by itself (which is one meaning of the word "business"), for a beginner of Korean the most common place you will see this word is as "영업 시간," which refers to the time that a business is in operation during the day. You would most likely see this written on a sign outside of a store/restaurant or any type of business to indicate their hours.</p>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to "영업 씨간"
Although "영업" is a word by itself (which is one meaning of the word "business"), for a beginner of Korean the most common place you will see this word is as "영업 시간," which refers to the time that a business is in operation during the day. You would most likely see this written on a sign outside of a store/restaurant or any type of business to indicate their hours.
examples:
- ko: 우리 **영업시간**은 오전 8시부터 오후 5시까지입니다
en: Our **business hours** are from 8 am to 5 pm