diff --git a/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/02-particles.md b/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/02-particles.md index fa72ecd..f5b8272 100644 --- a/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/02-particles.md +++ b/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/02-particles.md @@ -9,14 +9,16 @@
Common Usages: -우리 나라 = “our country” (usually used to refer to Korea by Korean people) + +- 우리 나라 = “our country” (usually used to refer to Korea by Korean people) Examples: -어느 **나라**에서 왔어요? What **country** did you come from? -미국은 민주적인 **나라**예요 = The US is a democratic nation -한국은 좋은 **나라**예요? = is Korea a good **country**? -한국이 곧 좋은 **나라**가 될 것이다 = Korea will become a good **country** soon -한국은 다른 **나라**보다 땅이 작아요 = Korea’s land is small compared to other **countries** + +- 어느 **나라**에서 왔어요? = What **country** did you come from? +- 미국은 민주적인 **나라**예요 = The US is a democratic nation +- 한국은 좋은 **나라**예요? = is Korea a good **country**? +- 한국이 곧 좋은 **나라**가 될 것이다 = Korea will become a good **country** soon +- 한국은 다른 **나라**보다 땅이 작아요 = Korea’s land is small compared to other **countries**
@@ -25,20 +27,23 @@ Examples:
Common Usages: -배낭가방 = backpacker style backpack -가방을 매다 = to put a bag on your shoulders -가방을 들다 = carry a bag + +- 배낭가방 = backpacker style backpack +- 가방을 매다 = to put a bag on your shoulders +- 가방을 들다 = carry a bag Notes: + This is used to refer to a backpack and also other types of bags like purses. Example: -이 **가방**은 너무 무거워요 = This **bag** is too heavy -이 **가방**은 가벼워요 = This bag is light -저는 **가방**을 들었어요 = I carried the/my bag -저는 **가방**을 어깨에 맸어요 = I put the **bag** on my shoulders -저는 **가방**에 책을 넣었어요 = I put my books into my backpack -가방을 아무 데나 두세요 **=** Put your **bag** down anywhere + +- 이 **가방**은 너무 무거워요 = This **bag** is too heavy +- 이 **가방**은 가벼워요 = This bag is light +- 저는 **가방**을 들었어요 = I carried the/my bag +- 저는 **가방**을 어깨에 맸어요 = I put the **bag** on my shoulders +- 저는 **가방**에 책을 넣었어요 = I put my books into my **backpack** +- **가방**을 아무 데나 두세요 = Put your **bag** down anywhere
@@ -47,16 +52,18 @@ Example:
Common Usages: -창문을 열다 = to open a window -창문을 닫다 = to close a window -창문 너머로 = through a window + +- 창문을 열다 = to open a window +- 창문을 닫다 = to close a window +- 창문 너머로 = through a window Examples: -너무 더워서 **창문**을 열었어요 = I opened a **window** because it is too hot -저는 **창문** 너머에 봤어요 = I looked through the window -저는 팔을 **창문** 너머로 내밀었어요 = I stuck my arm through the window -창문이 커튼으로 가려져 있어요 = The **window** is covered by the curtains -아버지는 **창문**을 잠갔어요= Dad locked the **window** + +- 너무 더워서 **창문**을 열었어요 = I opened a **window** because it is too hot +- 저는 **창문** 너머에 봤어요 = I looked through the window +- 저는 팔을 **창문** 너머로 내밀었어요 = I stuck my arm through the **window** +- **창문**이 커튼으로 가려져 있어요 = The **window** is covered by the curtains +- 아버지는 **창문**을 잠갔어요 = Dad locked the **window**
@@ -67,16 +74,18 @@ Examples: The pronunciation of this word is closer to “잡찌” Common Usages -잡지를 읽다 = to read a magazine -잡지 기사 = magazine article -잡지구독 = magazine subscription -잡지사 = magazine company -잡지 편집장 = magazine editor + +- 잡지를 읽다 = to read a magazine +- 잡지 기사 = magazine article +- 잡지구독 = magazine subscription +- 잡지사 = magazine company +- 잡지 편집장 = magazine editor Example: -저는 **잡지**를 읽었어요 = I read a magazine -저는 **잡지**를 탁자 위에 놓을 거예요 = I will put the **magazine** on the table -이 **잡지**를 가져가도 돼요? = May I take this **magazine**? + +- 저는 **잡지**를 읽었어요 = I read a magazine +- 저는 **잡지**를 탁자 위에 놓을 거예요 = I will put the **magazine** on the table +- 이 **잡지**를 가져가도 돼요? = May I take this **magazine**? @@ -85,22 +94,24 @@ Example:
Common Usages: -안방 = used to refer to the main bedroom of a house (“the master bedroom”) -PC방 = internet café -난방 = the heating of a room -냉방 = the cooling (air conditioning) of a room -놀이방 = daycare -노래방 = “singing room” – Korean style karaoke -방이 좁다 = for a room to be small (“narrow”) -방이 넓다 = for a room to be big (“wide”) -방을 비우다 = to check out of a room + +- 안방 = used to refer to the main bedroom of a house (“the master bedroom”) +- PC방 = internet café +- 난방 = the heating of a room +- 냉방 = the cooling (air conditioning) of a room +- 놀이방 = daycare +- 노래방 = “singing room” – Korean style karaoke +- 방이 좁다 = for a room to be small (“narrow”) +- 방이 넓다 = for a room to be big (“wide”) +- 방을 비우다 = to check out of a room Examples: -저의 **방**은 너무 좁아요 = My **room** is too small/narrow -이 **방**은 좁아요 = This **room** is narrow -남자는 **방**에 들어왔어요 = That man came into room -저 책상은 이 **방**에 알맞아요 = That desk looks good in this **room** -저는 어제 저의 **방**을 청소했어요 = I cleaned my **room** yesterday + +- 저의 **방**은 너무 좁아요 = My **room** is too small/narrow +- 이 **방**은 좁아요 = This **room** is narrow +- 남자는 **방**에 들어왔어요 = That man came into room +- 저 책상은 이 **방**에 알맞아요 = That desk looks good in this **room** +- 저는 어제 저의 **방**을 청소했어요 = I cleaned my **room** yesterday
@@ -108,17 +119,19 @@ Examples:
-Notes: The word for “freezer” is 냉동실. +Notes: The word for “freezer” is 냉동실. Common Usages: -김치냉장고 = kimchi refrigerator (these actually exist – most Korean families would have [at least] one) -(음식을) 냉장고에 넣다 = to put (food) in the fridge -(음식을) 냉장고에서 꺼내다 = to take something out of the fridge + +- 김치냉장고 = kimchi refrigerator (these actually exist – most Korean families would have [at least] one) +- (음식을) 냉장고에 넣다 = to put (food) in the fridge +- (음식을) 냉장고에서 꺼내다 = to take something out of the fridge Examples: -저는 야채를 **냉장고**에 넣었어요 = I put the vegetables in the fridge -자석을 **냉장고**에 그냥 붙여 놓았어요 = I just stuck the magnet onto the fridge -저는 당근을 칼로 잘라서 **냉장고**에 넣었어요 = I cut carrots with a knife and then put them into the **fridge** + +- 저는 야채를 **냉장고**에 넣었어요 = I put the vegetables in the fridge +- 자석을 **냉장고**에 그냥 붙여 놓았어요 = I just stuck the magnet onto the fridge +- 저는 당근을 칼로 잘라서 **냉장고**에 넣었어요 = I cut carrots with a knife and then put them into the **fridge**
@@ -127,6 +140,7 @@ Examples:
Notes: + The word “강아지” is usually used for dogs that are pets.
@@ -136,23 +150,26 @@ The word “강아지” is usually used for dogs that are pets.
Common Usages: -강아지를 키우다 = to raise a puppy + +- 강아지를 키우다 = to raise a puppy Notes: + The word “개” is usually used for dogs that are not pets. -The counter for animals is “마리.” See [Lesson 10](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-9-16/unit-1-lesson-10/) for more information. +The counter for animals is “마리.” See [Lesson 10](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-9-16/unit-1-lesson-10/) for more information. -The sound a dog makes in Korean is “멍멍.” This is like saying “woof woof” in English. +The sound a dog makes in Korean is “멍멍.” This is like saying “woof woof” in English. Examples: -어렸을 때 **강아지**를 키우고 싶었어요 = When I was young, I wanted to raise a puppy -저는 저의 **강아지**를 묻었어요 = I buried my dog -그 **강아지**의 주인은 누구예요? = Who is the owner of that **dog**? -고양이는 **강아지**와 달라요 = Cats are different than dogs -그 강아지의 꼬리는 아주 귀여워요 = That **puppy’s** tail is very cute -경찰관은 **강아지**의 주인에게 십만 원의 벌금을 물렸어요 = The police officers gave the owner of the **dog** a 100 000 won fine -**강아지**는 무서워서 죽는 척했어요 = The **dog/puppy** pretended to be dead because it was scared + +- 어렸을 때 **강아지**를 키우고 싶었어요 = When I was young, I wanted to raise a puppy +- 저는 저의 **강아지**를 묻었어요 = I buried my dog +- 그 **강아지**의 주인은 누구예요? = Who is the owner of that **dog**? +- 고양이는 **강아지**와 달라요 = Cats are different than dogs +- 그 강아지의 꼬리는 아주 귀여워요 = That **puppy’s** tail is very cute +- 경찰관은 **강아지**의 주인에게 십만 원의 벌금을 물렸어요 = The police officers gave the owner of the **dog** a 100 000 won fine +- **강아지**는 무서워서 죽는 척했어요 = The **dog/puppy** pretended to be dead because it was scared
@@ -160,13 +177,16 @@ Examples:
-Notes: The sound a cat makes in Korean is “야옹.” This is like saying “meow” in English. +Notes: + +The sound a cat makes in Korean is “야옹.” This is like saying “meow” in English. Examples: -**고양이**는 강아지와 달라요 = **Cats** are different than dogs -**고양이**는 의자 밑에 있어요 = The **cat** is under the chair -개는 **고양이**랑 쥐보다 더 커요 = Dogs are bigger than **cats** and mice -어미를 찾아도 이미 **고양이** 새끼가 다 죽었어요 = Regardless of if you find the mother, the baby **cats** (kittens) all died + +- **고양이**는 강아지와 달라요 = **Cats** are different than dogs +- **고양이**는 의자 밑에 있어요 = The **cat** is under the chair +- 개는 **고양이**랑 쥐보다 더 커요 = Dogs are bigger than **cats** and mice +- 어미를 찾아도 이미 **고양이** 새끼가 다 죽었어요 = Regardless of if you find the mother, the baby **cats** (kittens) all died
@@ -175,15 +195,17 @@ Examples:
Common Usages: -다람쥐 = squirrel -박쥐 = bat (the animal) -쥐 죽은 듯이 조용하다 = An idiom for “to be as quiet as a mouse” (literally, as if a mouse died) + +- 다람쥐 = squirrel +- 박쥐 = bat (the animal) +- 쥐 죽은 듯이 조용하다 = An idiom for “to be as quiet as a mouse” (literally, as if a mouse died) Example: -**쥐**는 너무 더러워요 = **Rats** are very dirty -저는 **쥐**를 들었어요 = I heard a mouse -개는 고양이랑 **쥐**보다 더 커요 = Dogs are bigger than cats and mice -우리 아빠가 **쥐**를 집에서 한 마리씩 쫓아냈어요 = Our dad chased the **rats** out of our house one by one + +- **쥐**는 너무 더러워요 = **Rats** are very dirty +- 저는 **쥐**를 들었어요 = I heard a mouse +- 개는 고양이랑 **쥐**보다 더 커요 = Dogs are bigger than cats and mice +- 우리 아빠가 **쥐**를 집에서 한 마리씩 쫓아냈어요 = Our dad chased the **rats** out of our house one by one
@@ -273,7 +295,8 @@ Examples: 한국은 문화적인 **건물**이 많아요 = Korea has a lot of cultural buildings 건물을 지나가서 오른 쪽으로 가세요 = Go past the **building**, then go right -[This word appears in my Korean Sign Explanation Video 4.] +[This word appears in my Korean Sign Explanation Video 4] + @@ -391,10 +414,10 @@ Examples: 저는 친구를 만나고 나서 **은행**에 갈 거예요 = I will meet a friend and then go to the bank 친구가 오기 전에 저는 **은행**에 갔어요 = Before my friend came, I went to the **bank** -### Adverbs - +### Adverbs + 안 = inside
@@ -518,10 +541,10 @@ Examples: **여기**부터 서울까지 두 시간 30분만 걸려요 = It only takes two and a half hours to get from **here** to Seoul 친구를 만나러 **여기**로 왔어요 = I came **here** to meet a friend -### Verbs -
+### Verbs + 있다 = to be at a location