diff --git a/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/06-honorifics.md b/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/06-honorifics.md index 31bfdf0..be38a12 100644 --- a/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/06-honorifics.md +++ b/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/06-honorifics.md @@ -2,68 +2,68 @@ ## Vocabulary -### Nouns: +### Nouns -신발 = shoe +신발 = shoe
Common Usages: -- 신발을 신다 = to put on a shoe -- 신발을 벗다 = to take off a shoe +- 신발을 신다 = to put on a shoe +- 신발을 벗다 = to take off a shoe -Notes: The suffix “화” usually denotes a specific type of shoe. For example: 운동화 (exercise shoes), 실내화 (shoes for inside) +Notes: The suffix “화” usually denotes a specific type of shoe. For example: 운동화 (exercise shoes), 실내화 (shoes for inside) Example: -- 이 **신발**은 너무 불편해요 = These **shoes** are too uncomfortable -- 저는 **신발**을 신으려고 잠깐 앉았어요 = I sat down for a minute in order to put on my **shoe** -- 한국에서 집에 들어가면 **신발**을 벗어야 돼요 = When you go into a house in Korea, you must take off your **shoes** +- 이 **신발**은 너무 불편해요 = These **shoes** are too uncomfortable +- 저는 **신발**을 신으려고 잠깐 앉았어요 = I sat down for a minute in order to put on my **shoe** +- 한국에서 집에 들어가면 **신발**을 벗어야 돼요 = When you go into a house in Korea, you must take off your **shoes**
-남방 = shirt +남방 = shirt
Notes: -- The Korean pronunciation of “shirt” (셔츠) is more commonly used +- The Korean pronunciation of “shirt” (셔츠) is more commonly used Example: -- 그녀는 흰 **남방**을 입었어요 = She put on a white **shirt** +- 그녀는 흰 **남방**을 입었어요 = She put on a white **shirt**
-질문 = question +질문 = question
Common Usages: -- 질문을 물어보다 = to ask a question -- 질문이 있어요? = Do you have a question? +- 질문을 물어보다 = to ask a question +- 질문이 있어요? = Do you have a question? Example: -- **질문**이 있어요 = I have a **question** -- 저는 점원한테 **질문**을 물어봤어요 = I asked the clerk a **question** -- 이것은 어려운 **질문**입니다 = This is a difficult **question** +- **질문**이 있어요 = I have a **question** +- 저는 점원한테 **질문**을 물어봤어요 = I asked the clerk a **question** +- 이것은 어려운 **질문**입니다 = This is a difficult **question**
-문제 = question, problem +문제 = question, problem
Common Usages: -- 문제를 풀다 = to solve a problem/question -- 큰 문제 = big problem -- 중요한 문제 = important issue/problem -- 기출문제 = problems/questions from previous tests (that you can use to practice for an upcoming test) +- 문제를 풀다 = to solve a problem/question +- 큰 문제 = big problem +- 중요한 문제 = important issue/problem +- 기출문제 = problems/questions from previous tests (that you can use to practice for an upcoming test) Notes: @@ -71,49 +71,49 @@ Notes: Examples: -- 그 회사는 **문제**가 많아요 = That company has a lot of **problems** -- 저는 그 수학 **문제**를 연필과 종이로 풀었어요 = I solved that math **problem** using a paper and a pencil -- 또 다른 **문제**는 그것이 비싸요 = Another **problem** is that it (that thing) is expensive -- 그들은 그 **문제**를 과학적으로 풀었다 = They solved that **problem** scientifically -- 나는 개인적 **문제**로 회사를 그만두었다 = I quit the company due to personal **problems** -- 그 **문제**에 대해 담임선생님과 함께 얘기했어요 = I talked about that **problem** with my homeroom teacher -- 모든 학생들은 그 **문제**를 쉽게 풀었어요 = All the students easily solved that **problem** +- 그 회사는 **문제**가 많아요 = That company has a lot of **problems** +- 저는 그 수학 **문제**를 연필과 종이로 풀었어요 = I solved that math **problem** using a paper and a pencil +- 또 다른 **문제**는 그것이 비싸요 = Another **problem** is that it (that thing) is expensive +- 그들은 그 **문제**를 과학적으로 풀었다 = They solved that **problem** scientifically +- 나는 개인적 **문제**로 회사를 그만두었다 = I quit the company due to personal **problems** +- 그 **문제**에 대해 담임선생님과 함께 얘기했어요 = I talked about that **problem** with my homeroom teacher +- 모든 학생들은 그 **문제**를 쉽게 풀었어요 = All the students easily solved that **problem**
-나이 = age +나이 = age
Common Usages: -- 나이가 많다 = old +- 나이가 많다 = old Example: -- 저의 여자 친구는 저보다 **나이**가 더 많아요 = My girlfriend is **older** than me -- 나이가 많은 사람들은 항상 재채기를 시끄럽게 해요 = **Old** people always sneeze loudly -- 그 사람이 **나이**가 많지만 여전히 똑똑해요 = Although that person is old, he is still very smart +- 저의 여자 친구는 저보다 **나이**가 더 많아요 = My girlfriend is **older** than me +- 나이가 많은 사람들은 항상 재채기를 시끄럽게 해요 = **Old** people always sneeze loudly +- 그 사람이 **나이**가 많지만 여전히 똑똑해요 = Although that person is old, he is still very smart
-화장실 = bathroom, restroom +화장실 = bathroom, restroom
Common Usages: -- 화장실에 가다 = to go to the bathroom +- 화장실에 가다 = to go to the bathroom Examples: -- **화장실**은 어디에 있어요? = Where is the **bathroom**? -- **화장실**에 가도 돼요? = May I go to the bathroom? -- 만약 **화장실**에 가야 된다면 우리가 가기 전에 가세요 = If you have to go to the **bathroom**, go before we leave/go +- **화장실**은 어디에 있어요? = Where is the **bathroom**? +- **화장실**에 가도 돼요? = May I go to the bathroom? +- 만약 **화장실**에 가야 된다면 우리가 가기 전에 가세요 = If you have to go to the **bathroom**, go before we leave/go
-부장님 = boss +부장님 = boss
@@ -121,58 +121,58 @@ Notes: 부장 literally means “head of some department,” and ~님 is a prefi Examples: -- 그것을 하려면 먼저 **부장님**께 물어봐야 돼요 = In order to do that, you need to ask the **boss** first -- 저는 **부장님**을 위해서 이것을 썼어요 = I wrote this for my **boss** -- **부장님**을 만족시키는 것은 어려워요 = Is it is difficult to satisfy our **boss** -- **부장님**은 내일까지 출장을 갔어 = The **boss** went on a business trip until tomorrow -- **부장님**이 그 일을 이미 다 한 것 같아요 = It seems like the **boss** already did all that work -- 이 사실을 **부장님**께 알려 줘야겠어요 = I guess I should tell the **boss** (about) that fact +- 그것을 하려면 먼저 **부장님**께 물어봐야 돼요 = In order to do that, you need to ask the **boss** first +- 저는 **부장님**을 위해서 이것을 썼어요 = I wrote this for my **boss** +- **부장님**을 만족시키는 것은 어려워요 = Is it is difficult to satisfy our **boss** +- **부장님**은 내일까지 출장을 갔어 = The **boss** went on a business trip until tomorrow +- **부장님**이 그 일을 이미 다 한 것 같아요 = It seems like the **boss** already did all that work +- 이 사실을 **부장님**께 알려 줘야겠어요 = I guess I should tell the **boss** (about) that fact
-분위기 = the atmosphere of something +분위기 = the atmosphere of something
Example: -- 이 도시는 **분위기**가 좋아요 = This city has a good **atmosphere** -- 스타벅스의 내부 **분위기**는 매우 안락해요 = The **atmosphere** inside Starbucks is very comfortable -- 오늘 고객이 많고 **분위기**가 좋아요 = Today there are a lot of customers and the **atmosphere** is good +- 이 도시는 **분위기**가 좋아요 = This city has a good **atmosphere** +- 스타벅스의 내부 **분위기**는 매우 안락해요 = The **atmosphere** inside Starbucks is very comfortable +- 오늘 고객이 많고 **분위기**가 좋아요 = Today there are a lot of customers and the **atmosphere** is good
-차 = tea +차 = tea
Common Usages: -- 홍차 = black tea -- 녹차 = green tea -- 차를 마시다 = to drink tea +- 홍차 = black tea +- 녹차 = green tea +- 차를 마시다 = to drink tea Example: -- 녹**차** 한 잔 주세요 = Give me one glass of green **tea**, please +- 녹**차** 한 잔 주세요 = Give me one glass of green **tea**, please
-바지 = pants +바지 = pants
Common Usages: -- 바지를 입다 = to put on pants -- 바지를 벗다 = to take off pants -- 청바지 = jeans -- 반바지 = shorts (literally, “half pants”) +- 바지를 입다 = to put on pants +- 바지를 벗다 = to take off pants +- 청바지 = jeans +- 반바지 = shorts (literally, “half pants”) Example: -- 저는 새로운 **바지**를 사야 돼요 = I need to buy new **pants** -- 이 **바지**가 너무 작아서 다른 것으로 바꿀 거예요 = I’m going to change these **pants** to another (a different) pair because they are too small +- 저는 새로운 **바지**를 사야 돼요 = I need to buy new **pants** +- 이 **바지**가 너무 작아서 다른 것으로 바꿀 거예요 = I’m going to change these **pants** to another (a different) pair because they are too small
@@ -463,7 +463,7 @@ Examples: -### Verbs: +### Verbs 노력하다 = to try @@ -699,7 +699,7 @@ Example: -### Adjectives: +### Adjectives 빠르다 = to be fast @@ -743,7 +743,7 @@ Examples: -### Adverbs and Other Words: +### Adverbs and Others 곧 = soon @@ -1050,6 +1050,7 @@ Want to try to create some sentences using the vocabulary and grammar from this This YouTube video will prompt you to translate English sentences into Korean using the concepts from this lesson. + This lesson focused on conjugations. You might want to try practicing the conjugations by watching this video. I will prompt you with verbs to conjugate into the past, present and future tenses. diff --git a/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/07-irregulars.md b/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/07-irregulars.md index 8f3a943..4494d3e 100644 --- a/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/07-irregulars.md +++ b/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/07-irregulars.md @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ A PDF file neatly presenting all of these words, example sentences and extra inf You can try to find all of the words from this lesson, and all of the words from every lesson in Unit 1 in a package of twenty five [Word Searches](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wordsearch/). -### Nouns: +### Nouns 눈썹 = eyebrow @@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ Example: -### Verbs: +### Verbs 찾다 = to search for, find @@ -515,7 +515,7 @@ Example: -### Adjectives: +### Adjectives 쉽다 = to be easy @@ -804,7 +804,7 @@ Example: -### Adverbs: +### Adverbs 일찍 = early @@ -889,7 +889,7 @@ As I mentioned previously, most of these irregulars are applied when adding a vo As such, this lesson will present the Korean irregulars and how they change as a result of adding these conjugations. In later lessons when you learn about other additions, you can apply what you learned in this lesson to those concepts. For now, let’s get started. -## ㅅ Irregular +### ㅅ Irregular If the last letter of a word stem ends in ㅅ (for example: 짓다 = to build), the ㅅ gets removed when adding a vowel. For example, when conjugating: @@ -934,7 +934,7 @@ Here is a table with the word “짓다 (to build)” being conjugated using all _Note that when a word stem has_ ㅅ _as the fourth consonant,_ _this irregular does not_ _apply. For example, this does not apply to_ 없다*, which you will learn about in the next lesson.* -## ㄷ irregular +### ㄷ irregular If the last letter of a word stem ends in ㄷ (for example: 걷다 = to walk), the ㄷ gets changed to ㄹ when adding a vowel. This is only done with verbs. For example: @@ -980,7 +980,7 @@ Here is a table with the word “걷다 (to walk)” being conjugated using all | Plain form | **걸었다** | 걷는다 | 걷겠다 | | Formal high | **걸었습니다** | 걷습니다 | 걷겠습니다 | -## ㅂ Irregular +### ㅂ Irregular If the last letter of a word stem ends in ㅂ (쉽다 = easy), the ㅂ changes to 우 when adding a vowel. 우 then gets added to the next syllable in the conjugated word. @@ -1062,7 +1062,7 @@ Here is a table with the word “춥다 (cold)” being conjugated using all the | Formal high | **추웠습니다** | 춥습니다 | 춥겠습니다 | | Adjective form | **추운** 날씨 = cold weather | -## ㅡ Irregular +### ㅡ Irregular If the final letter in a stem is ㅡ (for example: 잠그다 = to lock), when adding ~아/어, you can not determine whether you need to add ~어 or ~아 to the stem by looking at ㅡ. Instead, you must look at the vowel in the second last syllable. For example, in the word 잠그다, the second last syllable in the stem is 잠, and the vowel here is ㅏ. We use the same rules as above to determine whether 아 or 어 is added. If the vowel in the second last syllable is ㅏ or ㅗ, 아 is added. If the vowel in the second last syllable is anything other than ㅏ or ㅗ, 어 is added. For example: @@ -1166,7 +1166,7 @@ Finally, here is a table with the word “만들다 (to make – which is a verb _You will learn how_ 만든다 _and_ 만듭니다 _are formed later in the lesson when you learn about the_ ㄹ _irregular._ -## 르 Irregular +### 르 Irregular If the final syllable in a stem is 르 (마르다), it is conjugated differently when adding ~아/어. This irregular only applies when adding ~아/어(or any of its derivatives) to a stem and not when adding any other grammatical principles that starts with a vowel or consonant. Up until now, you haven’t learned about any of these other grammatical principles, that can start with anything other than ~아/어~, so don’t worry about this distinction too much. @@ -1203,7 +1203,7 @@ And here is a table with the word “마르다 (thin – which is an adjective) | Formal high | **말랐습니다** | 마릅니다 | 마르겠습니다 | | Adjective form | 마른 여자 = thin girl | -## ㄹ Irregular +### ㄹ Irregular Okay, last one, I promise.