diff --git a/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/02-particles.md b/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/02-particles.md index 3051fa7..b6f4f9e 100644 --- a/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/02-particles.md +++ b/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/02-particles.md @@ -449,17 +449,20 @@ Examples:
Common Usages: -집 안에 = inside a house -방 안에 = inside a room -Notes: Position words are typically placed after a noun to indicate in which direction in reference to that noun something occurs. ~에 is typically attached to a word of position. For example: +- 집 안에 = inside a house +- 방 안에 = inside a room -저의 친구는 은행 **안**에 있어요 = My friend is **in** the bank -개는 집 **안**에 있어요 = The dog is **in** the house +Notes: + +Position words are typically placed after a noun to indicate in which direction in reference to that noun something occurs. ~에 is typically attached to a word of position. For example: + +- 저의 친구는 은행 **안**에 있어요 = My friend is **in** the bank +- 개는 집 **안**에 있어요 = The dog is **in** the house 안 can also be used to indicate that some action is completed “within” or “inside” a time period. This usage is discussed in [Lesson 24](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-17-25-2/lesson-24/). For example: -우리는 한 시간 **안**에 그 일을 끝내야 돼요 = We need to finish that job/task **within** one hour +- 우리는 한 시간 **안**에 그 일을 끝내야 돼요 = We need to finish that job/task **within** one hour
@@ -467,16 +470,18 @@ Notes: Position words are typically placed after a noun to indicate in which dir
-Notes: ㅅ is often added to 위 as a 받침. This is discussed in Lesson 131. +Notes: ㅅ is often added to 위 as a 받침. This is discussed in Lesson 131. Common Usages: -윗도리 = clothes worn on the upper part of one’s body -윗사람 = one’s superior + +- 윗도리 = clothes worn on the upper part of one’s body +- 윗사람 = one’s superior Example: -잡지는 탁자 **위**에 있어요 = The magazine is **on** the table -우리 집은 언덕 **위**에 있어요 = Our house is **on top** of the hill -새는 구름 **위**에 날고 있어요 = The bird is flying **above** the clouds + +- 잡지는 탁자 **위**에 있어요 = The magazine is **on** the table +- 우리 집은 언덕 **위**에 있어요 = Our house is **on top** of the hill +- 새는 구름 **위**에 날고 있어요 = The bird is flying **above** the clouds
@@ -485,7 +490,8 @@ Example:
Example: -고양이는 의자 **밑**에 있어요 = The cat is **below** the chair + +- 고양이는 의자 **밑**에 있어요 = The cat is **below** the chair
@@ -494,16 +500,18 @@ Example:
Common Usages: -옆집 = the house next to another house -옆방 = the room next to another room -옆구리 = one’s side/flank + +- 옆집 = the house next to another house +- 옆방 = the room next to another room +- 옆구리 = one’s side/flank Example: -학교는 은행 **옆**에 있어요 = The school is **next to** the bank -은행이 학교 바로 **옆**에 있어요 = The bank is right (immediately) **next** **to** the school -강 **옆**에 큰 산이 있어요 = There is a big mountain **next** **to** the river -저는 병원을 공원 **옆**에 지었어요 = I built a hospital **beside** the park -나는 학교 **옆**에 서 있어 = I’m standing **next** **to** the school + +- 학교는 은행 **옆**에 있어요 = The school is **next to** the bank +- 은행이 학교 바로 **옆**에 있어요 = The bank is right (immediately) **next** **to** the school +- 강 **옆**에 큰 산이 있어요 = There is a big mountain **next** **to** the river +- 저는 병원을 공원 **옆**에 지었어요 = I built a hospital **beside** the park +- 나는 학교 **옆**에 서 있어 = I’m standing **next** **to** the school
@@ -514,15 +522,17 @@ Example: Notes: ㅅ is often added to 뒤 as a 받침. This is discussed in [Lesson 131](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-6/lessons-126-133/lesson-131/). Common Usages: -뒷면 = the back side -뒷산 = refers to a mountain usually “behind” one’s house -뒷다리 = the back (hind) legs of an animal -뒷담화하다 = to talk behind one’s back + +- 뒷면 = the back side +- 뒷산 = refers to a mountain usually “behind” one’s house +- 뒷다리 = the back (hind) legs of an animal +- 뒷담화하다 = to talk behind one’s back Examples: -병원은 박물관 **뒤**에 있어요 = The hospital is **behind** the museum -저는 학교 **뒤**에 있어요 = I am **behind** the school -저는 큰 박스 **뒤**에 숨었어요 = I hid **behind** a big box + +- 병원은 박물관 **뒤**에 있어요 = The hospital is **behind** the museum +- 저는 학교 **뒤**에 있어요 = I am **behind** the school +- 저는 큰 박스 **뒤**에 숨었어요 = I hid **behind** a big box @@ -532,14 +542,15 @@ Examples: Common Usages: -앞면 = the front side -앞다리 = the front legs of an animal -눈앞에 = in-front of one’s eyes -앞으로 = in the future +- 앞면 = the front side +- 앞다리 = the front legs of an animal +- 눈앞에 = in-front of one’s eyes +- 앞으로 = in the future Example: -집은 가게 **앞**에 있어요 = The house is **in-front** of the store -저는 집 **앞**에 있는 눈을 다 치웠어요 = I cleaned up the snow **in-front** of the house + +- 집은 가게 **앞**에 있어요 = The house is **in-front** of the store +- 저는 집 **앞**에 있는 눈을 다 치웠어요 = I cleaned up the snow **in-front** of the house @@ -548,24 +559,27 @@ Example:
Notes: -The placement of “~에” is usually assumed and therefore omitted. 여기 and ~에서 combine to form 여기서 + +The placement of “~에” is usually assumed and therefore omitted. 여기 and ~에서 combine to form 여기서 Common Usages: -여기저기 = here and there + +- 여기저기 = here and there Examples: -**여기에** 빨리 오세요! = Come **here** quick! -어떤 남자는 어제 **여기**에 왔어 = Some man came **here** yesterday -친구를 만나기 위해 **여기**로 왔어 = I came **here** to meet a friend -할아버지가 **여기에** 계신지 몰랐어요 = I didn’t know you were **here**, grandpa -저의 친구는 (**여기**) 근처에 살아요 = My friend lives close (to **here**) -**여기서** 산이 안 보여 = I can’t see the mountains from here -여기에 주소를 써 주세요 = Please write your address here -저는 **여기에** 한 달에 세 번 와요 = I come **here** three times per month -저는 오늘 이 책을 **여기**까지 읽었어요 = Today, I read up to **here** in this book -사과도 **여기서** 파나요? = Do you sell apples **here** too? -**여기**부터 서울까지 두 시간 30분만 걸려요 = It only takes two and a half hours to get from **here** to Seoul -친구를 만나러 **여기**로 왔어요 = I came **here** to meet a friend + +- **여기에** 빨리 오세요! = Come **here** quick! +- 어떤 남자는 어제 **여기**에 왔어 = Some man came **here** yesterday +- 친구를 만나기 위해 **여기**로 왔어 = I came **here** to meet a friend +- 할아버지가 **여기에** 계신지 몰랐어요 = I didn’t know you were **here**, grandpa +- 저의 친구는 (**여기**) 근처에 살아요 = My friend lives close (to **here**) +- **여기서** 산이 안 보여 = I can’t see the mountains from **here** +- **여기에** 주소를 써 주세요 = Please write your address here +- 저는 **여기에** 한 달에 세 번 와요 = I come **here** three times per month +- 저는 오늘 이 책을 **여기**까지 읽었어요 = Today, I read up to **here** in this book +- 사과도 **여기서** 파나요? = Do you sell apples **here** too? +- **여기**부터 서울까지 두 시간 30분만 걸려요 = It only takes two and a half hours to get from **here** to Seoul +- 친구를 만나러 **여기**로 왔어요 = I came **here** to meet a friend
@@ -576,37 +590,41 @@ Examples:
Notes: -~에 is typically attached to the location where something/somebody is. For more information, see [the explanation in of this lesson](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-1-8/unit-1-lesson-2/#new). + +- ~에 is typically attached to the location where something/somebody is. For more information, see [the explanation in of this lesson](#introduction). Examples: -저는 은행에 **있어요** = I am **at** the bank -개는 집 안에 **있어요** = The dog **is** in the house -엄마가 어디에 **있어요**? 병원에 갔어요? = Where **is** mom? Did she go to the hospital? -서울에 **있는** 공연을 보러 갈래요? = Shall we go to the show **in** Seoul? -내가 한국에 **있**을 때마다 한국어로 말하고 싶어 = Every time I **am** **in** Korea, I want to speak Korean -Adjectives: +- 저는 은행에 **있어요** = I am **at** the bank +- 개는 집 안에 **있어요** = The dog **is** in the house +- 엄마가 어디에 **있어요**? 병원에 갔어요? = Where **is** mom? Did she go to the hospital? +- 서울에 **있는** 공연을 보러 갈래요? = Shall we go to the show **in** Seoul? +- 내가 한국에 **있**을 때마다 한국어로 말하고 싶어 = Every time I **am** **in** Korea, I want to speak Korean
+### Adjectives + 있다 = to have something
Common Usages: -할 말이 있다 = to have something to say -할 게 없다 = to have nothing to do -할 게 많다 = to have a lot to do + +- 할 말이 있다 = to have something to say +- 할 게 없다 = to have nothing to do +- 할 게 많다 = to have a lot to do Notes: ~이/가 must be attached to the object that is being possessed. -For more information, visit [Lesson 2](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-1-8/unit-1-lesson-2/). +For more information, visit [Lesson 2](#introduction). Examples: -저는 펜이 **있어요** = I **have** a pen -저는 많은 돈이 **있어요** = I **have** a lot of money -질문이 **있어요**? = Do you **have** a question? -저는 내일 할 일이 **있어요** = I **have** something I need to do tomorrow -한국에서는 모든 집에 밥솥이 **있어요** = All houses in Korea **have** a rice cooker + +- 저는 펜이 **있어요** = I **have** a pen +- 저는 많은 돈이 **있어요** = I **have** a lot of money +- 질문이 **있어요**? = Do you **have** a question? +- 저는 내일 할 일이 **있어요** = I **have** something I need to do tomorrow +- 한국에서는 모든 집에 밥솥이 **있어요** = All houses in Korea **have** a rice cooker