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# Lesson 11: 동안, Seconds, Minutes, Hours, Days, Weeks, Months, Years
## Vocabulary
### Months of the year
1월 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/1Jan.mp3" /> (일월) = <span class="md spoiler">January</span>
2월 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/2Feb.mp3" /> (이월) = <span class="md spoiler">February</span>
3월 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/3Mar.mp3" /> (삼월) = <span class="md spoiler">March</span>
4월 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/4Apr.mp3" /> (사월) = <span class="md spoiler">April</span>
5월 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/5May.mp3" /> (오월) = <span class="md spoiler">May</span>
6월 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/6June.mp3" /> (유월\*) = <span class="md spoiler">June</span>\*
7월 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/7July.mp3" /> (칠월) = <span class="md spoiler">July</span>
8월 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/8Aug.mp3" /> (팔월) = <span class="md spoiler">August</span>
9월 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/9Sep.mp3" /> (구월) = <span class="md spoiler">September</span>
10월 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/10Oct.mp3" /> (시월\*) = <span class="md spoiler">October</span>\*
11월 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/11Nov.mp3" /> (십일월) = <span class="md spoiler">November</span>
12월 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/12Dec.mp3" /> (십이월) = <span class="md spoiler">December</span>
\*June (6월/유월) and October (10월/시월) should actually be 육월 and 십월 but, written like that, they are difficult to pronounce. Because of this, their correct pronunciations are <TTS>유월</TTS> and <TTS>시월</TTS> NOT 육월 and 십월.
### Nouns
기회 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson11v1.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">chance/opportunity</span>
<Details>
Common Usages:
기회를 놓치다 = to miss an opportunity
기회를 잡다 = to seize an opportunity
기회를 기다리다 = to wait for an opportunity
기회를 얻다 = to gain/get an opportunity
기회를 노리다 = to aim for an opportunity
Examples:
이것은 저의 마지막 **기회예요** = This is my last **chance**
저는 의견을 말할 **기회**가 아직 없어요 = I still haven’t had a **chance** to say my opinion
그는 직업을 바꿀 수 있는 **기회**를 잡았어요 = He seized the **opportunity** to change jobs
</Details>
계획 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson11v2.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">plans</span>
<Details>
Common Usages:
~ㄹ/을 계획이 있다 = to have plans to do (Introduced in Lesson 50)
Example:
저는 내일 **계획**이 있어요 = I have **plans** tomorrow
서울에 갈 **계획**이 있어요 = I have **plans** to go to Seoul
제가 친구를 만날 **계획**이 있었지만 친구는 안 왔어요 = I had **plans** to meet my friend, but he didn’t come
우리가 지난 번에 **계획**이 없었어요 = We didn’t have **plans** last time
저는 5일 동안 **계획**이 없을 거예요 = I won’t have **plans** for 5 days
저는 그 날에 **계획**이 있어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson11-41.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I have **plans** on that day</span>
원래 대학교에 갈 **계획**이 있었지만 수능을 잘 못 봐서 대학교에 갈 수 없었어요 = I had **plans** to go to university, but I couldn’t get in because I did poorly on the SAT test
</Details>
회사원 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson11v3.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">office worker</span>
<Details>
Notes: If I asked 100 people in Canada what their job is, I would probably only get the answer “office worker” a few times. In Korea however, probably 50% of the people would respond with “office worker.” Many Korean people work for big companies in offices, not all doing the same thing obviously, but I’m not exactly sure what they’re all doing in there. Korea has no real natural resources, so the major industry is just “working and business.”
You will see the suffix “원” attached to different words to refer to people.
Example:
한국에서는 **회사원**이 진짜 많아요 = There are a lot of **office workers** in Korea
우리 회사는 새로운 **회사원**을 찾고 있어요 = Our company is looking for new **workers**
</Details>
요리사 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson11v4.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">a cook/chef</span>
<Details>
Notes: You will see the suffix “사” attached to different words that indicate some sort of specialized job. For example: 의사 (doctor), 교사 (teacher), 강사 (instructor)
Example:
**요리사**들은 음식을 준비해요 = **Chefs** prepare food
**요리사**들은 저녁을 부엌에서 준비했어요 = The **chefs** prepared the dinner in the kitchen
</Details>
운전사 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson11v5.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">a driver</span>
<Details>
Common Usages:
택시 운전사 = taxi driver
버스 운전사 = bus driver
트럭 운전사 = truck driver
Notes: This is not the same “사” in 요리사.
“기사님” is common when talking to bus and taxi drivers
Example:
버스**운전사**는 승객들을 버스에 서울역에서 태웠어요 = The bus **driver** took on riders at Seoul Station
</Details>
### Verbs
달리다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson11v6.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">to run</span>
<Details>
Common Usages:
달리기 = running
Notes: “뛰다” is another common way to say “to run”
Example:
저는 매우 빨리 **달렸어요** = I **ran** really quickly
저는 1시간 동안 **달렸어요** = I **ran** for one hour
저는 집 안에서 **달렸어요** = I **ran** inside the house
저는 **달리**기를 제일 빨리 할 수 있어요 = I can **run** the fastest (the most fast)
그 학생은 모든 학생들보다 더 빨리 **달려요** = That student **runs** faster than any other student
그는 축구선수인 만큼 **달리**기를 잘해요 = He **runs** as well as a soccer athlete/player
</Details>
요리하다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson11v7.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">to cook</span>
<Details>
The noun form of this word translates to “cooking”
Common Usages:
요리사 = chef
Example:
우리 엄마는 **요리**를 잘 **해요** = Our mom is good at <strong>cooking</strong>
엄마가 **요리한** 음식은 너무 맛있어요 = The food my mom **cooked** is delicious
저의 아내는 자기가 **요리한** 것을 보통 안 먹어요 = My wife usually doesn’t eat the food she <strong>cooks</strong>
저의 할머니는 **요리**를 너무 잘해요 = My grandmother **cooks** very well
</Details>
운전하다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson11v8.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">to drive</span>
<Details>
Common Usages:
운전사 = driver
음주 운전 = drunk driving
운전면허 = driver’s license
국제운전면허 = International driver’s license
운전을 못하다 = to be bad at driving
Example:
트럭을 **운전할** 수 있어요? = Can you **drive** a truck?
저는 8시간 동안 **운전했어요** = I **drove** for eight hours
저는 차를 안전히/안전하게 **운전했어요** = I **drove** the car safely
우리 아버지는 차를 항상 안전하게 **운전해요**= Our dad always **drives** his car safely
그 고속도로에서 트럭을 **운전해**서는 안 돼요 = You must not **drive** a truck on that highway
</Details>
죽다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson11v9.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">to die</span>
<Details>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “죽따”
Common Usages:
죽음 = death
힘들어 죽겠다 = a common saying where people say “ah, it’s so difficult, I’m going to die”
배불러 죽겠다 = a common saying where people say “ah, I’m so full, I’m going to die
Examples:
그 사람은 10년 전에 **죽었어요** = That person **died** 10 years ago
그 사람은 작년에 **죽었어요** = That person **died** last year
그곳에 있었던 사람들은 다 **죽었다** = All the people that were there <strong>died</strong>
그녀는 아이가 **죽었다**는 사실을 숨겼어요 = She hid (the fact that) her child **died**
</Details>
### Adjectives
두렵다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson11v10.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">to be scared</span>
<Details>
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “두렵따”
두렵다 follows the ㅂ irregular
Notes: 무섭다 and 두렵다 both translate to “scary.” 무섭다 is more typically used to describe the feeling of being scared, usually as it applies to something shocking or something outright scary like snakes or spiders. 두렵다 is more about psychological things in the future, like the fear of death or the fear of tomorrow.
두렵다 and 무섭다 typically describe that something is scary, but it can be used to indicate that you are scared of that thing by using the Subject – Object – Adjective form introduced in Lesson 15.
Example:
그녀를 잃는 것이 **두려워요** = I am **afraid** of losing her
저는 모르는 것이 **두려워요** = I am **afraid** of things that I don’t know (the unknown)
저는 죽는 것이 **두려워요** = I am **afraid** of dying
</Details>
이상하다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson11v11.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">to be strange</span>
<Details>
The noun form of this word translates to “abnormality”
Common Usages:
이상해 보이다 = to look strange
이상한 것이 없다 = to be nothing unusual
이상한 느낌 = a strange feeling
Example:
그 건물은 **이상해** 보여요 = That building looks <strong>strange</strong>
그는 **이상한** 남자예요 = He is a **strange** man
맛이 조금 **이상해요** = The taste is a little bit <strong>strange</strong>
저는 어젯밤 **이상한** 꿈을 꾸었어요= I had a **weird** dream last night
</Details>
### Adverbs and Other words
동안 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson11v12.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">for, during, while</span>
<Details>
Notes: Used to indicate how long something is being done. Often placed after an indication of time.
For example:
10분 동안 = 10 minutes
In this same sense, it can be placed after a noun that describes a time. For example:
방학 동안 = during vacation
수업 시간 동안 = during class time
Also used with ~는 것 (Introduced in Lesson 26) to say “while.” For example:
제가 공부하는 동안 = while I was studying
Example:
저는 30분 **동안** 공부했어요 = I studied **for** 30 minutes
저는 공부하는 **동안** 밥을 먹었어요 = I ate **while** studying
저는 방학 **동안** 공부를 많이 했어요 = I studied a lot **during** vacation
반지를 사려고 두 달 **동안** 돈을 안 썼어요 = In order to buy a ring, I didn’t spend money **for** two months
저는 삼일 **동안** 밥을 안 먹었어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson11-33.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I didn’t eat rice **for** 3 days</span>
텔레비전을 오랫**동안** 보지 마세요! = Don’t watch TV **for** a long time!
저는 두 달 **동안** 한국어 수업을 들었어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson11-58.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I took a Korean class **for** 2 months</span>
저는 10분 **동안** 걸었어요 = I walked **for** 10 minutes
저는 1년 **동안** 영어를 외국에서 공부했어요 = I studied English in a foreign country **for** 1 year
저는 6개월 **동안** 여행했어요 = I travelled **for** 6 months
</Details>
달 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson11v13.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">month</span>
<Details>
Common Usages:
두 달 동안 = for two months
세 달 동안 = for three months
달력 = calendar
Notes: When counting months, you can either use 달 or 개월. When using 달, you must use the pure Korean numbers, and when using 개월, you must use the Sino-Korean numbers. There is no difference in meaning, and both are used frequently
Example:
저는 두 **달** 동안 한국어 수업을 들었어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson11-58.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I took a Korean class for 2 <strong>months</strong></span>
저는 여기에 한 **달**에 세 번 와요 = I come here three times per <strong>month</strong>
다음 **달**에 한국어를 배우기 시작할 거예요 = I will start learning Korean next **month**
</Details>
개월 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson11v14.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">month</span>
<Details>
Notes: When counting months, you can either use 달 or 개월. When using 달, you must use the pure Korean numbers, and when using 개월, you must use the Sino-Korean numbers. There is no
difference in meaning, and both are used frequently
Example:
저는 2**개월** 동안 한국어 수업을 들었어요 = I took a Korean class for 2 <strong>months</strong>
저는 6**개월** 동안 여행했어요 = I traveled for 6 <strong>months</strong>
우리는 사귄 지 3**개월** 되었어요 = We have been going out for 3 **months**
</Details>
날 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson11nal.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">day</span>
<Details>
Notes: 날 is used as a stand alone word and not counted. It is used when talking about a specific day by itself.
Examples:
저는 그 날에 갔어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson11-40.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I went on that day</span>
저는 그 날에 계획이 있어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson11-41.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I have plans on that day</span>
저는 그 날에 선생님이 되었어요 = I became a teacher on that day
우리는 그 날에 시작할 거예요 = We will start on that day
</Details>
하루 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson11v15.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">one day</span>
<Details>
Common Usages
하루 종일 = all day
하루 동안 = for one day
하루에 세 번 = three times per day
하루에 한 번 = once per day
하룻밤 = one night
Notes: When counting the number of days, you can usually say something like “5일” (five days). However, for a small number of days (one day, two days) there is a special word that corresponds to that number of days. “일 일” to mean “one day” would never be used.
Example:
저는 **하루**에 3시간 동안 공부해요 = I study for three hours in <strong>one day</strong>
저는 **하루** 동안 여행했어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson11-31.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I traveled for <strong>one day</strong></span>
저는 **하루**에 4시간 동안 공부해요 = I study for four hours per <strong>day</strong>
그 학생은 **하루** 종일 책을 읽을 수 있어요 = That student can read books all <strong>day</strong>
저는 이 약을 **하루**에 두 번 먹어요 = I eat (take) this medicine twice per <strong>day</strong>
저의 게으른 남동생은 **하루** 종일 아무것도 안 해요 = My lazy brother doesn’t do anything all <strong>day</strong>
그는 **하루** 종일 그냥 컴퓨터를 해요 = He just uses the computer all <strong>day</strong>
모든 학생들은 **하루** 종일 잤어 = All students slept all **day**
</Details>
이틀 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson11v16.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">two days</span>
<Details>
Common Usages
이틀 동안 = for two days
이틀에 한 번 = once per two days
Notes: When counting the number of days, you can usually say something like “5일” (five days). However, for a small number of days (one day, two days) there is a special word that corresponds to that number of days. “이 일” to mean “two days” would be used, but 이틀 would be more common.
Example:
우리는 계곡에 **이틀** 동안 갈 거예요 = We are going to the valley for <strong>two days</strong>
저는 **이틀** 동안 안 잤어요 = I didn’t sleep for <strong>two days</strong>
우리는 **이틀** 동안 미국에 있었어요 = We were in America for <strong>two days</strong>
우리는 **이틀** 전에 한국에 왔어요 = We came to Korea **two days** ago
저는 그 친구를 **이틀** 후에 만날 거예요 = I will meet that friend **two days** from now
</Details>
사흘 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson11v17.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">three days</span>
<Details>
Notes: Even though “사” (‘four’) is in the word “사흘,” I assure you that 사흘 means “3 days.” Many Korean people think that “사흘” actually means “four days,” and I have pwned some Korean people by showing them that it actually means “three days” by looking it up in the Korean-Korean dictionary with them.
Example:
저는 **사흘** 동안 밥을 안 먹었어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson11-32.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I didn’t eat rice for **3 days**</span>
</Details>
지난 주 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson11v18.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">last week</span>
<Details>
Notes: 지난 can be placed before some indicators of time to mean “last ….”
There are two similar but different meanings for the word “last” in English. 지난 is used for only ONE of those meanings. 지난 is used to talk about something in the past, as in “last night I went to bed late.” It is not used to talk about the last thing in a sequence. See Lessons 10 and 11 for more information.
Example:
**지난** **주**에 저는 계획이 많았어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson11-53.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I had a lot of plans <strong>last week</strong></span>
그는 그녀를 **지난** **주**에 해고했을 것 같아요 = It appears that he fired her <strong>last week</strong>
저의 여동생은 **지난** **주**에 책 두 권을 읽었어요 = My sister read two books <strong>last week
지난</strong> **주**말에 뭐 했어요? = What did you do **last weekend**?
저는 그 영화를 **지난** **주**에 봤어요 = I saw that movie <strong>last week
지난</strong> **주**에 우리는 아무데도 안 갔어요= We didn’t go anywhere <strong>last week</strong>
저는 **지난 주**에 영화를 봤어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson11-14.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I saw a movie **last week**</span>
</Details>
지난 달 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson11v19.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">last month</span>
<Details>
Example:
저는 **지난** **달**에 그 시험을 봤어요 = I took that exam <strong>last month</strong>
학생은 **지난 달**보다 더 많이 공부하고 있어요 = The student is studying more than **last month**
</Details>
이번 주 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson11v20.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">this week</span>
<Details>
Example:
우리가 **이번** **주**에 뭐 할 거예요? = What are we going to do **this week**?
저는 **이번 주**에 계획이 없어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson11-64.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I have no plans **this week**</span>
이번 달 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson11v21.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">this month</span>
Example:
그녀는 **이** **번** **달**에 애기를 낳을 예정이에요 = She is scheduled to give birth <strong>this month</strong>
저는 친구를 **이번 달**에 만날 거예요 = I will meet (that/a) friend **this month**
</Details>
다음 주 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson11v22.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">next week</span>
<Details>
Notes: 다음 can be placed before some indicators of time to mean “next”
Example:
학생들은 **다음** **주**에 학교에 돌아와요 = The students return to school next <strong>week</strong>
저는 **다음** **주**에 영화를 볼 거예요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson11-21.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I will see a movie <strong>next week</strong></span>
저는 **다음** **주**에 캐나다에 갈 거예요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson11-22.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I will go to Canada <strong>next week</strong></span>
저는 **다음** **주**에 미국에 갈 거예요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson11-52.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I will go to the US **next week**</span>
저는 **다음** **주**에 시험 공부를 할 거예요 = **Next week**, I will study for an exam
다음 주 목요일은 휴가인가? = Is **next Thursday** a holiday?
아직 간 적이 없어요. 하지만 다음 주에 가 볼 거예요 = I haven’t been there yet. But, I am going (to try) to go <strong>next week</strong>
우리는 다음 주에 그 문제에 대한 회의를 열 거예요 = We are going to hold a meeting **next week** about that problem
</Details>
다음 달 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson11v23.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">next month</span>
<Details>
Example:
**다음** **달**은 지금보다 더 춥겠어요 = **Next month** will be colder than now
**다음 달**에 한국어를 배우기 시작할 거야 = I will start learning Korean **next month**
</Details>
작년 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson11v24.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">last year</span>
<Details>
Example:
**작년**에 어디서 공부했어요? = Where did you study **last year**?
저는 **작년**에 살이 많이 쪘어요 = I gained a lot of weight <strong>last year</strong>
그는 **작년**보다 한국어를 훨씬 잘해요 = He is much better at Korean than <strong>last year
작년</strong>에 우리 회사의 수입은 200만원이었어요 = Our company’s income **last year** was 200만 won
제가 **작년**에 가르친 학생 한 명은 벌써 의사가 되었어요 = One of the students I taught **last year** has already become a doctor
</Details>
올해 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson11v25.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">this year</span>
<Details>
Example:
우리는 **올해** 결혼하고 싶어요 = We want to get married **this yea**r
저의 어머니는 **올해** 한국에 올 것입니다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson11-65.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">My mom will come to Korea **this year**</span>
</Details>
내년 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson11v26.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">next year</span>
<Details>
Example:
우리는 **내년**에 결혼하고 싶어요 = We want to get married <strong>next year</strong>
저는 **내년**에 한국에 갈 거예요 = I will go to Korea **next year**
</Details>
평생 (동안) <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson11v27.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">in my whole life</span>
<Details>
This word appears in Korean Sign Explanation [Video 12]
<YouTube id=8SWqPYuQskA />
Common Usages:
평생 동안 = throughout my whole life
평생 동반자 = lifelong companion
Examples:
저는 **평생** 동안 하키를 했어요 = I played hockey my **whole life**
저는 **평생** 동안 오렌지를 세 번밖에 안 먹어 봤어요
= I have only eaten oranges three times **in my life**
저는 **평생** 동안 담배를 한 모금도 안 피웠어요
= **In my whole life**, I haven’t even had one puff/drag of a cigarette
그 사람이 부잣집에 태어나서 **평생** 동안 돈을 쓰는 것에 대해 한번도 걱정 안 했어요
= That person was born into a rich family, so during his **whole life** he never had to worry about spending money
</Details>
보통 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson11v28.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">usually</span>
<Details>
Notes: This can be used as an adverb, for example:
저는 **보통** 아침 식사를 안 먹어요 = I **usually** don’t eat breakfast
피자를 먹으면 저는 콜라를 **보통** 마셔요 = When/If I eat pizza, I **usually** drink cola
배우들은 그들의 영화를 **보통** 좋아하지 않아 = Actors **usually** don’t like their movies
저는 **보통** 점심식사로 과일만 먹어요 = I **usually** only eat fruit for lunch
한국 사람들은 **보통** 아주 착해요 = Korean people are **usually** very nice
It can also be used before a noun to mean “typical” or “usual” for example:
그것은 보통 일이에요 = That is (just) typical work
</Details>
You might also want to try listening to all of the words on loop with this [Vocabulary Practice video]
<YouTube id=d8EPwfyCQLc />
<em>There are 1050 vocabulary entries in Unit 1. All entries are linked to an audio file.
You can download all of these files in one package [here](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/audio/).</em>
## Introduction
In this lesson, you will build on what you learned in Lesson 10 by learning how to use a variety of different words of time in Korean. Using these words, you will be able to say “I did X **for** 2 months” or “I didn’t do Y **last** week.” You will also learn whether you should use the pure Korean or Sino-Korean numbers when using these different words of time.
The use of pure Korean or Sino-Korean numbers may seem random, but there is a reason for it. Anytime the ‘time’ word is of Chinese origin, the Sino-Korean numbers are used. For example “개월” (month) is counted using Sino-Korean numbers, because “개월” is of Chinese origin and has corresponding Chinese ([한자](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/hanja-unit-1-lessons-1-20/)) characters. “달” (also meaning month) is a Korean word, and thus, is counted using Korean numbers. A lot of Korean words are of Chinese origin and have corresponding Chinese ([한자](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/hanja-unit-1-lessons-1-20/)) characters. You will learn about those later.
This lesson is a little bit less organized than the previous lessons. It was difficult to teach everything in this lesson together because you need to have a mutual understanding of all concepts in order to understand one of them. In order to understand how to use 동안, you need to know how to use 주. But in order to understand how to use 주, you should understand how to use 동안. Around and around we go. Anyways, I made it as simple as possible. After this lesson, any time you learn about other ‘time’ grammar concepts, it should be really easy because this lesson will give you a solid base to work from.
## “For” a certain amount of time (동안)
동안 is a very useful word that can be used to indicate how long an action occurs. It is typically placed after a duration of time, for example:
- 2분 = 2 minutes
- 2분 동안 = _for_ 2 minutes
---
- 10분 = 10 minutes
- 10분 동안 = _for_ 10 minutes
---
- 이틀 = two days
- 이틀 동안 = _for_ two days
동안 _can also be used to indicate that an action occurs “while” another action occurs. You will learn about that application in [Lesson 33](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-2-lower-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-2-lessons-26-33/lesson-33/) after learning some key grammar points in the lessons to come._
Those can then be added into sentences to indicate how long one does something for. Notice also that no additional particle is added to 동안. One would think that 에 should be added, but it is not.
저는 10분 동안 걸었어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson11sentence1.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I walked for 10 minutes</span>
저는 30분 동안 공부했어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson11sentence2.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I studied for 30 minutes</span>
While the translation of “동안” in these examples is usually “for”, in essence, what you are doing is stating “for that period of time.” Understanding this will help you understand later usages of “동안” in future lessons. For example:
저는 10분 동안 걸었어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson11sentence1.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I walked for (a period of) 10 minutes</span>
저는 30분 동안 공부했어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson11sentence2.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I studied for (a period of) 30 minutes</span>
저는 이틀 동안 안 잤어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson11sentence3.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I didn’t sleep for two days</span>
---
Remember:
It doesn’t matter if you use the word or the numeral when writing a number. However, typically the word is written when a pure Korean word is used with a counter like 개, 명, 번, 시간, 대, 살, etc. In situations where Sino-Korean numbers are written (for example, in the sentences above) it makes no difference if you write the numeral or the word.
Also remember that the spacing is different depending on if you write a numeral or a word. If writing the word, there should be a space between the number and the word. For example:
저는 십 분 동안 걸었어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson11sentence1.mp3" />
If writing a numeral, it doesn’t matter if you include a space or not. Both are seen as acceptable:
저는 10분 동안 걸었어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson11sentence1.mp3" />저는 10 분 동안 걸었어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson11sentence1.mp3" />
---
I want to show you more and more examples of 동안, and I expect you might not want to limit yourself to only “분” (minutes), so lets move on to hours.
## Korean Hours (시간)
Talking about minutes is easy because you always simply use 분. For example:
3시 20분 means “3:20”, and
20분 동안 means “for 20 minutes”
When talking about hours, however, 시 is used when talking about the hour on a clock, whereas 시간 is used when counting hours. Notice the difference between these two sets:
3시 = 3:00
세 시 = Three o’clock
3시간 동안 = for 3 hours
세 시간 동안 = for three hours
Remember that pure Korean numbers are used when talking about hours. I usually write out the Korean word when I’m referring to an amount of hours as in the examples below. For example:
저는 세 시간 동안 잤어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson11-6.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I slept for 3 hours</span>
저는 한 시간 동안 달렸어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson11sentence4.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I ran for one hour</span>
저는 여덟 시간 동안 운전했어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson11sentence5.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I drove for eight hours</span>
저는 어제 한 시간 동안 야구를 했어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson11sentence6.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I played baseball for an hour yesterday</span>
저는 어제 두 시간 동안 TV를 봤어요\* <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson11-10.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I watched TV for two hours yesterday</span>
\*_Notice that_ 보다 _(to see) is used when watching something. You can also use_ 보다 _when you watch a performance or concert, or similar things. In English “I saw a TV” and “I watched TV” have two different meanings, but Koreans simply say “I see TV.”_
At this point you are probably asking saying “Okay, I understand how to say that I have done things for X hours or minutes, but what about if I want to say something like:
I will eat in three hours, or
I ate three hours ago
I will go in 10 minutes, or
I came 10 minutes ago”
You will learn how to create those types of sentences when you learn about 전 and 후 in [Lesson 24](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-17-25-2/lesson-24/). For the moment, there is a ton of content in this lesson, so try to focus on what is presented here.
[![|1192x292](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/Unit-1-Amazona.png)](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/amazon/)
Korean Seconds (초)
When talking about seconds, you need to use the Sino-Korean numbers. When putting a number before “초,” it doesn’t matter if you use the word or the numeral. For example:
1초 = 1 second
일 초 = one second
2초 = 2 seconds
이 초 = 2 seconds
2초 동안 = for 2 seconds
이 초 동안 = for two seconds
Examples in sentences:
저는 2초 동안 달렸어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson11-11.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I ran for 2 seconds</span>
저는 그 사람을 10초 동안 만났어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson11sentence7.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I met that person for 10 seconds</span>
1분은 60초입니다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson11sentence8.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">One minute is sixty seconds</span>
Last/Next (지난/다음)
지난 and 다음 are two words that you can use in many situations, including in situations related to time. In [Lesson 10](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-9-16/unit-1-lesson-10/), you learned about 마지막, which can be used to refer to the “last” or “final” thing in a sequence. Remember, Korean people use another word when referring to a “previous” (or last) thing, as in: “I saw a movie **last** (the previous) week.”
In order to refer to a “previous” thing, the word “지난” can be used. I drew a picture to depict the image I have in my head distinguishing 마지막 and 지난. Imagine you are on a six week trip, and you are currently in your fourth week of the trip. You can use “지난” to refer to the _previous_ week, and you can use “마지막” to refer to the _final_ week. (You can refer to them both as “last week” in English). For example:
[![LastLast|499x172](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/LastLast.png)](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/LastLast.png)
지난 can be added immediately before **some** words of time (I discuss “some” a little bit later) to refer to a “previous” thing. This often translates to “last,” though. For example:
저는 지난 주에 영화를 봤어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson11-14.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I saw a movie last week</span>
저는 지난 주에 캐나다에 갔어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson11-15.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I went to Canada last week.</span>
저는 지난 수업을 안 들었어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson11-16.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I didn’t go to/attend the last/previous class</span>
*In order to say “attend a class,” Korean people say “*수업을 듣다*,” which literally translates to “listen to/hear a class.” As such, you can see that the particle ~*을 *is attached to “*수업*” because “the class” is the noun that is being listened to. Korean learners are sometimes confused as to why “~*에*” is not attached to “*수업*” because they are accustomed to the English way of saying “I didn’t go to the last class”.*
_Also, note that this sentence is also correct, but is referring to a different class than above:_
저는 마지막 수업을 안 들었어요 _= I didn’t attend the last class_
지난 can be added only before _some_ words of time. For example, you couldn’t say “지난 분/지난 초.” These would mean “last minute/second” as in ‘the last minute/second’ that just passed – which doesn’t make any sense. Notice that they do not have the meaning of “I handed in my paper at the **last minute**.” This meaning refers to the last minute in a sequence of minutes; therefore, “마지막” must be used in this case.
시간, however, means “time” in addition to being a counter for “hours.” So, “지난 시간” can be used to mean “last time” (but not “last hour”).
저는 그것을 지난 시간에 배웠어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson11-17.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I learned that (thing) last time</span>
You can also use the word 번 to refer to the last “time” something happened.
저는 그것을 지난 번에 배웠어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson11sentence9.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I learned that (thing) last time</span>
우리가 지난 번에 계획이 없었어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson11sentence10.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">We didn’t have plans last time</span>
우리는 지난 번에 돼지고기를 먹었어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson11sentence11.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">We ate pork last time</span>
다음 is used in the same way as 지난, but it means “next.” For example:
저는 다음 주에 영화를 볼 거예요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson11-21.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I will see a movie next week</span>
저는 다음 주에 캐나다에 갈 거예요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson11-22.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I will go to Canada next week</span>
Like above, 다음 can be used with 시간 to mean “next time,” but not “next hour.”
우리는 다음 번에 학교에 갈 거예요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson11sentence12.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">We will go to school next time</span>
우리는 다음 시간에 학교에 갈 거예요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson11sentence13.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">We will go to school next time</span>
나는 너를 다음 번에 방문할 거야 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson11sentence14.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I will visit you next time</span>
나는 너를 다음 시간에 방문할 거야 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson11sentence15.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I will visit you next time</span>
Korean Days (일/날/하루)
Days are very confusing in Korean because there are a few different words you need to be acquainted with. You learned the names of the days of the week in the vocabulary section of another lesson. You should have noticed that every day of the week ends in 일. 일 means “day” but it is never used alone (if it is used alone, it means ‘work’). I’m looking at my Korean calendar now, and see a variety of words ending in “일.” Don’t worry about these words now, just recognize the importance of “일” within them:
총선 = general election
총선**일** = the day of the general election (election day)
현충**일** = Memorial day
일 is also the counter for days. You learned in [Lesson 10](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-9-16/unit-1-lesson-10/) that you must use pure Korean numbers when counting. When you count days, however, you use Sino-Korean numbers. When putting a number before “일,” it doesn’t matter if you use the word or the numeral.
나는 3일 동안 공부했어 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson11-27.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I studied for 3 days</span>
나는 삼 일 동안 공부했어 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson11-27.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I studied for 3 days</span>
나는 3일 동안 학교에 안 갔어 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson11sentence16.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I didn’t go to school for 3 days</span>
나는 삼 일 동안 학교에 안 갔어 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson11sentence16.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I didn’t go to school for 3 days</span>
저는 5일 동안 계획이 없을 거예요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson11sentence17.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I won’t have plans for 5 days</span>
우리는 6일 동안 만나지 않았어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson11sentence18.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">We didn’t meet for 6 days</span>
To make things more confusing, if you are counting days from 1 – 10 there is a word that corresponds to “one day,” another word that corresponds to “2 days,” another word that corresponds to “3 days” etc… The most common of these words is 하루 which means “one day.” 하루 is used much more than 일 일. But 2일 (이 일)/3일 (삼 일)/4일 (사 일)/5일 (오 일)/etc are used more than their corresponding words.
저는 하루 동안 여행했어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson11-31.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I traveled for 1 day</span>
저는 사흘 동안 밥을 안 먹었어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson11-32.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I didn’t eat rice for 3 days</span>
저는 3일 동안 밥을 안 먹었어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson11-33.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I didn’t eat rice for 3 days</span>
우리는 이틀 동안 미국에 있었어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson11sentence19.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">We were in America for two days</span>
우리는 10일 동안 한국에 있을 거예요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson11sentence20.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">We will be in Korea for ten days</span>
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You can also place a (Sino-Korean) number before 일 to refer to a specific day in a month. It seems like it would be easy to confuse when one is talking about the day of a month (3일) and when doing something for a specific period (3일). But, in sentences, these are easily distinguishable:
나는 3일에 수업을 들었어 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson11sentence21.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I went to class on the 3rd (day of the month)</span>
나는 3일 동안 수업을 들었어 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson11sentence22.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I went to class for three days</span>
You can refer to a specific day and month by adding #일 after #월:
3월 2일 = March 2nd
5월 25일 = May 25th
저는 8월 15일에 도착할 거예요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson11sentence23.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I will arrive on August 15th</span>
저는 이 여권을 1월 2일에 받았어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson11sentence24.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I received my passport on January 2nd</span>
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날 is another word that means “day” and can be used as a stand alone word, but not counted. It is used when talking about a specific day by itself. For example:
저는 그 날에 갔어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson11-40.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I went on that day</span>
저는 그 날에 계획이 있어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson11-41.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I have plans on that day</span>
저는 그 날에 선생님이 되었어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson11sentence25.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I became a teacher on that day</span>
우리는 그 날에 시작할 거예요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson11sentence26.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">We will start on that day</span>
If you want to talk about doing something on the first/second/third day, you can use 번째 (which you learned in the previous lesson) with 날. For example:
우리는 두 번째 날에 서울에 갔어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson11sentence27.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">We went to Seoul on the second day</span>
우리는 둘째 날에 서울에 갔어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson11sentence28.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">We went to Seoul on the second day</span>
우리는 세 번째 날에 안 만났어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson11sentence29.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">We didn’t meet on the third day</span>
우리는 셋째 날에 안 만났어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson11sentence30.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">We didn’t meet on the third day</span>
저는 네 번째 날에 계획이 없어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson11sentence31.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I have no plans on the fourth day</span>
저는 넷째 날에 계획이 없어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson11sentence32.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I have no plans on the fourth day</span>
첫날 is a word that specifically refers to the first day:
저는 첫날에 명동에 갔어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson11sentence33.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I went to 명동 on the first day</span>
저는 첫날에 그 여자를 만났어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson11sentence34.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I met that girl on the first day</span>
Korean Weeks (주)
Weeks in Korean can be used in sentences just like 일 (day) except that there are no other weird words to worry about. You use Sino-Korean numbers when talking about weeks:
저는 다음 주에 미국에 갈 거예요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson11-52.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I will go to the US next week</span>
지난 주에 저는 계획이 많았어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson11-53.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I had a lot of plans last week</span>
The word “주” can also be used as a counter to count weeks. When counting weeks, just like when counting days, Sino-Korean numbers are used. When putting a number before “주,” it doesn’t matter if you use the word or the numeral. For example:
저는 2주 동안 한식을 안 먹었어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson11sentence35.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I didn’t eat Korean food for 2 weeks</span>
저는 4주 동안 여자친구를 안 만났어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson11sentence36.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I didn’t meet my girlfriend for 4 weeks</span>
저는 이 주 동안 한식을 안 먹었어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson11sentence35.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I didn’t eat Korean food for two weeks</span>
저는 사 주 동안 여자친구를 안 만났어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson11sentence36.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I didn’t meet my girlfriend for four weeks</span>
The word “주일” can also be used as a counter for weeks. This is acceptable, but it sounds a bit more natural to use “주” as shown above. For example:
저는 2주일 동안 한식을 안 먹었어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson11sentence37.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I didn’t eat Korean food for two weeks</span>
저는 4주일 동안 여자친구를 안 만났어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson11sentence38.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I didn’t meet my girlfriend for four weeks</span>
Korean Months (달/개월)
First, notice that the names of each month correspond to the number of the month in the calendar For example:
January = 1월
February = 2월
December = 12월
When counting months, you can either use 달 or 개월. When using 달, you must use the pure Korean numbers, and when using 개월, you must use the Sino-Korean numbers. There is no difference in meaning, and both are used frequently. When putting a number before 달, I prefer to write the Korean word. When putting a number before 개월, it doesn’t matter if you use the word or the numeral.
저는 두 달 동안 한국어 수업을 들었어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson11-58.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I took a Korean class for 2 months</span>
저는 2개월 동안 한국어 수업을 들었어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson11sentence39.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I took a Korean class for 2 months</span>
저는 이 개월 동안 한국어 수업을 들었어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson11sentence39.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I took a Korean class for 2 months</span>
My Korean grammar teacher told me years ago that ‘동안’ is actually incorporated into the meaning of 달, which would mean that you wouldn’t have to say 동안 after 달. Still, though, most people use 동안 after 달.
Korean Years (년)
Years are used just like weeks, which means that you must use the Sino-Korean numbers. When putting a number before “년,” it doesn’t matter if you use the word or the numeral:
저는 3년 동안 형을 안 만났어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson11-60.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I didn’t meet my brother for 3 years</span>
저는 10년 동안 한국어를 공부했어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson11-61.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I studied Korean for 10 years</span>
저는 삼 년 동안 형을 안 만났어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson11-60.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I didn’t meet my brother for three years</span>
저는 십 년 동안 한국어를 공부했어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson11-61.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I studied Korean for ten years</span>
However, if you want to say “last/next year” in Korean, you can’t use “지난/다음 년.” Instead, you must use separate words:
작년 = last year
내년 = next year, for example:
나는 내년에 한국에 갈 거야 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson11-62.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I will go to Korea next year</span>
그 사람은 작년에 죽었어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson11sentence40.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">That person died last year</span>
This Week/This Month/This Time (이번)
Finally, you can use 이번 just like 지난/다음 when talking about weeks or months to mean “this week/this month.” You cannot say “이번 년,” instead you must use the separate word “올해.”
저는 이번 주에 계획이 없어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson11-64.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I have no plans this week</span>
저의 어머니는 올해 한국에 올 것입니다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson11-65.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">My mom will come to Korea this year</span>
*Note here that it is common to see “*에*” omitted from the word “*올해*.” You can also see in the section above that this is not the case with* 작년 _and_ 내년.
You cannot use 이번 when talking about minutes/seconds/hours. “I want to go to school this hour” doesn’t make any sense. But remember, in addition to meaning ‘hour’ 시간 also means “time.” This means that you can say 이번 시간 to mean “this time,” which is usually used when talking about “this time in class.” For example:
우리는 이번 시간에 많이 배웠어 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson11-66.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">We learned a lot this time</span>
In most other cases, it is more natural to use “이번에” instead of “이번 시간:”
나는 너를 이번에 안 만날 거야 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson11-67.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I won’t meet you this time</span>
번 can also be added after 지난/다음 to mean “last/next time”
저는 박물관에 다음 번에 갈 거예요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson11-68.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I will go to the museum next time</span>
저는 박물관에 지난 번에 갔어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson11-69.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I went to the museum last time</span>
“Per”
When talking about each of these units of time, you can add the particle ~에 to indicate _within_ that unit of time, how much something was done. You can usually translate this to “per” in English. For example:
저는 이 약을 하루에 두 번 먹어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson11sentence41.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I eat (take) this medicine twice per day</span>
저는 그 친구를 1주일에 한 번 만나요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson11sentence42.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I meet that friend once per week</span>
저는 여기에 한 달에 세 번 와요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson11sentence43.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I come here three times per month</span>
저는 1년에 두 번 미국에 가요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson11sentence44.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I go to America twice per year</span>
Almost all the examples in this lesson used 동안. There are other ways you can talk about these time words without using 동안 (for example, “I will go to Canada 3 days from now”). However, this lesson was reaching the 6 page mark, and I didn’t want to overload you more than I already have. I feel like the material in this lesson alone is enough to make your head spin for a while, so I will end it here.
In later lessons, you will learn how to apply the concepts you learned in this lesson to more complicated sentences.
That’s it for this lesson!
<em>There are 1250 example sentences in Unit 1.
All entries are linked to an audio file. You can download all of these files in one package [here](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/audio/).</em>
[Okay, I got it! Take me to the next lesson!](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/?page_id=943) Or,
[Click here for a workbook to go along with this lesson.](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/workbooks#Unit1916)
## Summary
<YouTube id=A0EFbtDOiQw />
Want to try to create some sentences using the vocabulary and grammar from this lesson?
This YouTube video will prompt you to translate English sentences into Korean using the concepts from this lesson.
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<YouTube id=_lQW8qpe1lE />
Want to practice your listening skills?
This YouTube video will prompt you with Korean sentences to dictate using the concepts from this lesson.
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The following videos are available to reinforce the concepts taught in this lesson:
[Lesson Recap]
<YouTube id=kXZCgw7xQog />