diff --git a/docs/.vitepress/theme/components/TTS.vue b/docs/.vitepress/theme/components/TTS.vue index ba7c24f..1276811 100644 --- a/docs/.vitepress/theme/components/TTS.vue +++ b/docs/.vitepress/theme/components/TTS.vue @@ -3,7 +3,11 @@ - + ๐ฃ๏ธ @@ -80,7 +84,6 @@ async function playAudioTTSPlugin(): Promise { diff --git a/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/12-more-particles.md b/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/12-more-particles.md index 8b2b757..fd948d6 100644 --- a/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/12-more-particles.md +++ b/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/12-more-particles.md @@ -604,6 +604,210 @@ sentence: - ko: ์ ๋ ๊ทธ ์ฌ์๋ฅผ **๊ทธ๋๋ง** ์ฌ๋ํ์ด์ audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson-12-sentence-9.mp3 en: I loved her **only at that time** + notes: When using ๊ทธ๋, ~์ is often omitted because it can be assumed. + + ์์: + - ko: ์ ๋ ํ๊ต**์์** ๊ณต๋ถํ ๊ฑฐ์์ + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson12-26.mp3 + en: I will study **at** school + - ko: ์ ๋ ์ ์ ์น๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณ์**์์** ๋ดค์ด์ + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson12-27.mp3 + en: I saw my friend **at** the hospital + - ko: ์ ๋ ๋จํธ์ ๊ณต์**์์** ๋ง๋ ๊ฑฐ์์ + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson12-28.mp3 + en: I will meet my husband **at** the park + - ko: ์ ๋ ํ๊ตญ์ด๋ฅผ ํ๊ตญ**์์** ๋ฐฐ์ ์ด์ + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson12-29.mp3 + en: I learned Korean **in** Korea + + - ko: ์ ๋ ๋ฐฉ**์์** ํ์์ ๋ณ์ ๋์์ด์ + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson-12-sentence-10.mp3 + en: I placed the bottle on the table **in** the room + + - ko: ์ ๋ ํ๊ตญ**์์** ๊ฐ ๊ฑฐ์์ + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-12-s3.mp3 + en: the person left **from** Korea + notes: (This sentence is correct, but it is stating that the person left from Korea because the action of โgoingโ (๊ฐ๋ค) is occurring at/in Korea) + + - ko: ๊ณผ์ผ์ ๋น์ธ์ + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson-12-sentence-11.mp3 + en: Fruit is expensive + - ko: ๊ณผ์ผ์ ํ๊ตญ**์์** ๋น์ธ์ + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson-12-sentence-12.mp3 + en: Fruit is expensive **in** Korea + + - ko: ์ ๋ ํ๊ต**์์** ์ถ์ ์ด์ + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson-12-sentence-13.mp3 + en: I was cold **at** school + - ko: ๊ณ ๋ฑํ๊ต๋ ํ๊ตญ**์์** ์ด๋ ค์์ + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson-12-sentence-14.mp3 + en: High school is difficult **in** Korea + - ko: ๋ น์ฐจ๋ ํ๊ตญ**์์** ์ ๋ช ํด์ + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson-12-sentence-15.mp3 + en: Green Tea is famous **in** Korea + + - ko: ์ ๋ ์ง**์** ์์ด์ + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson-12-sentence-16.mp3 + en: Iโm **at** home + notes: when you indicate where something is by using ์๋ค, you should use ~์ instead of ~์์ + - ko: ์ ๋ ์ฐจ ์**์** ์์ด์ + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson-12-sentence-17.mp3 + en: Iโm **in** the car + notes: when you indicate where something is by using ์๋ค, you should use ~์ instead of ~์์ + + - ko: ์ ๋ ํ๊ตญ**์์** ๊ฐ ๊ฑฐ์์ + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-12-s3.mp3 + en: I will go **from** Korea + notes: it can be used to indicate the place from which the subject is departing. + - ko: ๋ค์ ๋ฒ์ค๋ ์ ์ ๋ฅ์ฅ**์์** ์ถ๋ฐํ ๊ฑฐ์์ + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson12-39.mp3 + en: The next bus will depart **from** that station + notes: it can be used to indicate the place from which the subject is departing. + + - ko: ์ ๋ ์์ธ์ญ**์์** ๋ด๋ฆด ๊ฑฐ์์ + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson12-40.mp3 + en: I will get off **at (from)** Seoul station + notes: When you are getting off of something (bus/train) + + - ko: ํ์์ ๊ต์ค**์์** ๋์์ด์ + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson12-41.mp3 + en: the student came **out of** the classroom + notes: When something/someone is coming/going/being taken out of something + + - ko: ์ ๋ ์บ๋๋ค**์์** ์์ด์ + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson-12-sentence-18.mp3 + en: I come **from** Canada + notes: You can also use this to indicate the country (or any other place, for that matter) that you come from. + + ๊น์ง: + - ko: 3์**๊น์ง** ๊ธฐ๋ค๋ฆด ๊ฑฐ์์ + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson12-43.mp3 + en: I will wait **until** 3:00 + - ko: ๊ทธ ์ฌ์๋ฅผ ์ง๊ธ**๊น์ง** ์ข์ํ์ด์ + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson12-44.mp3 + en: I liked that girl **until** now + - ko: ์ ๋ ๊ทธ ํ์ฌ์์ 5์**๊น์ง** ์ผํ ๊ฑฐ์์ + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson12-45.mp3 + en: I will work at that company **until** May + - ko: ์ ๋ ๊ทธ๋**๊น์ง** ๊น์น๋ฅผ ๋จน์ง ์์์ด์ + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson-12-sentence-19.mp3 + en: I hadnโt eaten Kimchi **until** that time + - ko: ์ ๋ ์ค๋ ์ด ์ฑ ์ ์ฌ๊ธฐ**๊น์ง** ์ฝ์์ด์ + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson-12-sentence-20.mp3 + en: Today, I read **up to** here in this book + - ko: ์ ๋ ํ๊ฐ**๊น์ง** ๋ฌ๋ ธ์ด์ + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson-12-sentence-21.mp3 + en: I ran **until** (I **reached**) the Han River + + ๋ถํฐ: + - ko: ๋๋ ์ธ์ฒ**์์** ์์ธ**๊น์ง** ๊ฐ ๊ฑฐ์ผ + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson-12-sentence-22.mp3 + en: I will depart **from** Incheon and go **to (until)** Seoul + - ko: ๋๋ ์ธ์ฒ**๋ถํฐ** ์์ธ**๊น์ง** ๊ฐ ๊ฑฐ์ผ + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson12-50.mp3 + en: I will go **from** Incheon **to** Seoul + + - ko: ๋ค์ ๋ฒ์ค๋ ์ ์ ๋ฅ์ฅ**์์** ์ถ๋ฐํ ๊ฑฐ์์ + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson12-39.mp3 + en: The next bus will depart **from** that station + + - ko: ์ ๋ ์ด์ **๋ถํฐ** ์ํ ์ด์ + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson-12-sentence-23.mp3 + en: I have been sick **since (from)** yesterday + - ko: ์ ๋ ๋ด์ผ**๋ถํฐ** ํ๊ตญ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ณต๋ถํ ๊ฑฐ์์ + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson-12-sentence-24.mp3 + en: Iโm going to study Korean **from** tomorrow + - ko: ๋ด๋ **๋ถํฐ** ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ์์ธ์์ ์ด ๊ฑฐ์์ + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson-12-sentence-25.mp3 + en: "**From** next year, we will be living in Seoul" + - ko: ์ ๋ 3์**๋ถํฐ** ํ๊ต์ ์์ ๊ฑฐ์์ + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson-12-sentence-26.mp3 + en: I will be at school **from** 3:00 + - ko: ์ ๋ ์๋ **๋ถํฐ** ํ๊ตญ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์ ์ด์ + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson-12-sentence-27.mp3 + en: I have been learning Korean **since** last year + + - ko: ์ ๋ ์์นจ**๋ถํฐ** ๋ฐค**๊น์ง** ๊ณต๋ถ๋ง ํ์ด์ + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson12-57.mp3 + en: "**From** morning **to** night I only studied" + - ko: ๋๋ ์บ๋๋ค์ 1์ผ**๋ถํฐ** 8์ผ**๊น์ง** ์์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson12-58.mp3 + en: I will be in Canada **from** the 1st **to** the 8th + + - ko: ๊ทธ๋ค์ ์ ๋ฅผ **์ฒ์๋ถํฐ** ์ซ์ดํ์ด์ + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson-12-sentence-28.mp3 + en: They didnโt like me **from the start** + - ko: ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ๊ทธ ์ผ์ **์ฒ์๋ถํฐ** ์์ํ ๊ฑฐ์์ + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson-12-sentence-29.mp3 + en: We will start that job/task **from the beginning** + + - ko: ์ ๋ ๊ทธ ์ํฉ์ **์ฒ์๋ถํฐ ๋๊น์ง** ๋ชฐ๋์ด์ + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson-12-sentence-30.mp3 + en: I didnโt know that situation **from start to finish** + - ko: ์ ๋ ๊ทธ๊ฒ์ **์ฒ์๋ถํฐ ๋๊น์ง** ๋ณต์ตํ์ด์ + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson-12-sentence-31.mp3 + en: I reviewed that **from start to finish** + - ko: ์ ๋ ๊ทธ ์ฑ ์ **์ฒ์๋ถํฐ ๋๊น์ง** ์ฝ์์ด์ + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson-12-sentence-32.mp3 + en: I read that book **from start to finish** + + ๋ก: + - ko: ๋๋ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ ์ง์ ๋๋ฌด**๋ก** ์ง์์ด + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson12-64.mp3 + en: I built our house **out of** wood + - ko: ๋ฐฐ**๋ก** ์ ์ฃผ์ ๊ฐ ๊ฑฐ์ผ + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson12-65.mp3 + en: I will go to Je-ju **by** boat + - ko: ์ ๋ ๊ทธ๊ฒ์ ์**์ผ๋ก** ๋ง๋ค์์ด์ + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson12-66.mp3 + en: I built that **with** my hands + + - ko: ์ ๋ ๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์ฅ์ ํ๊ตญ์ด**๋ก** ๋งํ์ด์ + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson-12-sentence-33.mp3 + en: I said that sentence **(using) in** Korean + - ko: ์ ๋ ๊ทธ๊ฒ**์** ์์ด๋ก ํ ๊ฑฐ์์ + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson-12-sentence-34.mp3 + en: I will say that (**using**) in English + + - ko: ์ ๋ ์์นจ์์ฌ**๋ก** ๋ฐฅ์ ๋จน์์ด์ + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson12-69.mp3 + en: I ate rice **for** breakfast + - ko: ์ ๋ ๋ณดํต ์ ์ฌ์์ฌ**๋ก** ๊ณผ์ผ๋ง ๋จน์์ด์ + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson12-70.mp3 + en: I usually only ate fruit **for** lunch + + - ko: ์ ๋ ๊ทธ๊ฒ์ ๋ ๋ฒ์งธ**๋ก** ํ์ด์ + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson-12-sentence-35.mp3 + en: I did that second (I was the second person to do that) + - ko: ์ ๋ ํ๊ต์ ๋ ๋ฒ์งธ**๋ก** ์์ด์ + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson-12-sentence-36.mp3 + en: I came **to** school second (I was the second person to come **to** school) + - ko: ์ ๋ ๊ทธ๊ฒ์ ์ฒซ ๋ฒ์งธ**๋ก** ํ ๊ฑฐ์์ + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson-12-sentence-37.mp3 + en: I will go **(do it)** first + + - ko: ์ ๋ ์ง**์ผ๋ก** ๊ฐ ๊ฑฐ์์ + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson12-74.mp3 + en: I will go **in** the direction of home (simply โI will go homeโ) + - ko: ์ ๋ ์ง**์** ๊ฐ ๊ฑฐ์์ + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-12-s4.mp3 + en: I will go home + + - ko: ์ ์ ์น๊ตฌ๋ ์ ์ชฝ**์ผ๋ก** ๊ฐ์ด์ + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson12-76.mp3 + en: My friend went that way + - ko: ํ์๋ค์ ๊ต์ค ์ชฝ**์ผ๋ก** ๊ฑธ์ด์ + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Lesson12-77.mp3" + en: Students walk **towards/in** the direction of their class + + - ko: ์ ๋ ์ง ์ ์ชฝ**์ผ๋ก** ๋ฌ๋ ธ์ด์ + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson-12-sentence-38.mp3 + en: I ran **inside** the house + notes: In the first example, you are running into the house/in the direction of โinside the house.โ + - ko: ์ ๋ ์ง ์**์์** ๋ฌ๋ ธ์ด์ + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Lesson-12-sentence-39.mp3 + en: I ran **inside** the house + notes: In the second example, you are running inside the house. --- # Lesson 12: Korean Particles ๋ค, ๋ง, ์์, ๋ถํฐ, ๊น์ง, (์ผ)๋ก @@ -1516,7 +1720,7 @@ Iโll show now how it can be attached to the ~์ particle weโve covered, and - ์ ๋ ์ปคํผ๋ฅผ ๋ฎ์๋ง ๋ง์ ์ = I drink coffee only during the day - ์ ๋ ๊ทธ ์ฌ์๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋๋ง ์ฌ๋ํ์ด์ = I loved her only at that time -_When using_ ๊ทธ๋*,* ~์ _is often omitted because it can be assumed._ +_When using ๊ทธ๋, ~์ is often omitted because it can be assumed._ [You can see ~๋ง used on a Korean sign in this YouTube video.] @@ -1524,6 +1728,8 @@ _When using_ ๊ทธ๋*,* ~์ _is often omitted because it can be assumed._ ## Korean Particle ~์์ + + Foreign learners of Korean are often very confused as to when they should use ~์์ instead of ~์, as they both denote places in Korean sentences. ~์์ is used to denote the location in which the subject is doing something. For example: @@ -1652,6 +1858,8 @@ As you can see, โfromโ (in English) has many usages as well. When a word has ## Korean Particles ~๋ถํฐ and ~๊น์ง + + Two more important Korean particles you need to know are ~๋ถํฐ and ~๊น์ง. ~๊น์ง can be used in sentences with or without ~์์ to have the meaning of โto/until a place/time.โ For example: @@ -1667,6 +1875,8 @@ Two more important Korean particles you need to know are ~๋ถํฐ and ~๊น์ง. - ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ์ง์์ ์ถ๋ฐํ ๊ฑฐ์์ = We will depart from home + + ~๋ถํฐ is very similar, but is specifically identifying the place (or time) in which something _starts_ from. If we look at this sentence: - ๋๋ ์ธ์ฒ์์ ์์ธ๊น์ง ๊ฐ ๊ฑฐ์ผ = I will depart from Incheon and go to (until) Seoul @@ -1712,6 +1922,8 @@ When used to say โfrom start to finish,โ the word โ๋โ is of ## Korean Particle ~(์ผ)๋ก + + The Korean particle ~(์ผ)๋ก can be added to nouns with a few different meanings. One of the main meanings is to indicate with what tool/device/method/material something is carried out. The English equivalent varies depending on the usage: - Write **with** a pen @@ -1787,7 +1999,7 @@ In the first example, you are running into the house/in the direction of โinsi Thatโs it for this lesson! I wanted to cover a few more particles, but this lesson already has way too much in it! In the next lesson, I will introduce you to more of these common particles. Until then, make sure you review this lesson before you move on! -[Okay, I got it! Take me to the next lesson!](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/?page_id=965) Or, +[Okay, I got it! Take me to the next lesson!](./13-and-with.md) Or, [Click here for a workbook to go along with this lesson.](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/workbooks#Unit1916) There are 1250 example sentences in Unit 1.