From 15af343be76f6f96767fc0c6f20530edb3f3998a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: polv Date: Fri, 11 Sep 2026 16:50:07 +0700 Subject: [PATCH] transportation vocab quiz and blur --- docs/howtostudykorean/theme/transportation.md | 614 +++++++++++++++--- 1 file changed, 540 insertions(+), 74 deletions(-) diff --git a/docs/howtostudykorean/theme/transportation.md b/docs/howtostudykorean/theme/transportation.md index a59435f..19350f5 100644 --- a/docs/howtostudykorean/theme/transportation.md +++ b/docs/howtostudykorean/theme/transportation.md @@ -1,3 +1,467 @@ +--- +vocabulary: + nouns: + - ko: 버스 + en: bus + examples: + - ko: "**버스**로 가면 지하철보다 더 빨라요" + en: If you go by **bus**, it is faster than the subway + - ko: "**버스** 온다!" + en: The **bus** is coming! + - ko: "이 **버스**는 강남에 가요?" + en: Does this **bus** go to Gangnam? + - ko: "**버스**가 멈추지 않았어요" + en: The **bus** didn't stop + - ko: 저는 버스정류장에서 **버스**를 기다리고 있어요 + en: I'm waiting for the **bus** at the bus station + + - ko: 정류장 + en: stop/station + examples: + - ko: 다음 **정류장**에서 내리면 돼요 + en: You should get off at the next **station** + - ko: 다 다음 **정류장**에서 내리면 돼요 + en: You should get off two **stations** from now + - ko: 다음 버스는 저 **정류장**에서 출발할 거에요 + en: The next bus will depart from that **station** + - ko: 저는 버스**정류장**에서 버스를 기다리고 있어요 + en: I'm waiting for the bus at the bus **station** + + - ko: 버스 정류장 + en: bus stop + examples: + - ko: "저는 **버스정류장**에서 버스를 기다리고 있어요" + en: I'm waiting for the bus at the **bus stop** + + - ko: 버스 기사 + en: bus driver + notes: | +

The more formal/neutral term for "bus driver."

+

Compare with 버스 아저씨, which is less formal but far more commonly used in casual, everyday speech.

+ examples: + - ko: "**버스 기사**님이 친절하셨어요" + en: The **bus driver** was kind + notes: Generated by Claude + - ko: "**버스 기사**한테 길을 물어봤어요" + en: I asked the **bus driver** for directions + notes: Generated by Claude + + - ko: 버스 아저씨 + en: bus driver + notes: | +

[In theory this is a little bit impolite, but it is definitely more common, especially when not talking directly to the driver himself.]

+

It could in theory be "버스 아주머니," but the overwhelming majority of bus drivers (at least in Seoul) are male.

+

Compare with the more formal/neutral 버스 기사.

+ examples: + - ko: "**버스 아저씨**가 문을 열어 줬어요" + en: The **bus driver** opened the door + notes: Generated by Claude + - ko: "**버스 아저씨**한테 인사했어요" + en: I greeted the **bus driver** + notes: Generated by Claude + + - ko: 전철 + en: subway + notes: | +

[Literally translates to "electric train."]

+

Largely interchangeable with 지하철. 지하철 (literally "underground train") is generally the more common everyday word, while 전철 is often seen/heard in more official contexts like station announcements.

+ examples: + - ko: 거기에 가려면 **전철**을 타야 돼요 + en: In order to get there, you must take the **subway** + - ko: "**전철**이 전역에서 출발하였습니다" + en: The **train** has departed from the previous station + + - ko: 지하철 + en: subway + notes: | +

[Literally translates to "underground train."]

+

Compare with 전철 ("electric train"), which is largely interchangeable but slightly more common in formal/announcement contexts.

+ examples: + - ko: 버스로 가면 **지하철**보다 더 빨라요 + en: If you go by bus, it is faster than the **subway** + - ko: 저는 벌써 **지하철**을 타고 있어요 + en: I am already on/riding the **subway** + + - ko: 역 + en: station + notes: | +

Often attached directly to a place name, e.g. 서울역 = "Seoul station."

+ examples: + - ko: 사당**역** 4번 출구에서 만나자 + en: Let's meet at exit four of Sadang **station** + - ko: 서울**역**에서 1호선으로 갈아타는 것은 복잡해요 + en: It is confusing transferring to line 1 at Seoul **Station** + - ko: 서울**역**으로 가 주세요 + en: Please take me to Seoul **Station** + - ko: 서울**역**까지 가는 데 보통 얼마나 나와요? + en: How much will it usually cost to get to Seoul **Station**? + - ko: 서울**역**에 가려면 어느 쪽으로 가야 돼요? + en: In order to get to Seoul **station**, which way should I/one go? + + - ko: 위치 + en: location + examples: + - ko: 그 식당의 **위치**를 핸드폰으로 검색할 거에요 + en: I'll look up the **location** of the restaurant on my phone + + - ko: 길 + en: street/road + notes: | +

Largely interchangeable with 거리.

+

[길 tends to emphasize the route/path itself — a road to walk or drive on — while 거리 tends to emphasize the street as a place/area.]

+ examples: + - ko: 저는 **길**을 잃었어요 + en: I'm lost + - ko: 우리는 **길**을 건너야 돼요 + en: We have to cross the **street** + - ko: 이 **길**에서 직진하셔요 + en: Go straight on this **road** + + - ko: 거리 + en: street/road + notes: | +

Largely interchangeable with 길.

+

[거리 tends to emphasize the street as a place/area, while 길 tends to emphasize the route/path itself.]

+ examples: + - ko: 저는 **거리**를 안전하게 건넜어요 + en: I crossed the **street** safely + + - ko: 사거리 + en: intersection + examples: + - ko: "**사거리**에서 오른쪽으로 가세요" + en: Go right at the **intersection** + notes: Generated by Claude + - ko: "**사거리**에서 사고가 났어요" + en: There was an accident at the **intersection** + notes: Generated by Claude + + - ko: 교통카드 + en: transportation card + examples: + - ko: "**교통카드**를 어디서 살 수 있어요?" + en: Where can you buy a **transportation card**? + - ko: 교통 카드를 어디서 충전할 수 있어요? + en: Where can I charge my **transportation card**? + - ko: 교통 카드를 잃어버렸어요 + en: I lost my **transportation card**? + + - ko: 자리 + en: a place to sit + examples: + - ko: "**자리**에 앉으세요" + en: Please sit in your **seat** + notes: Generated by Claude + - ko: 저 **자리**가 비어 있어요 + en: That **seat** is empty + notes: Generated by Claude + + - ko: 노약 좌석 + en: a seat for the elderly and weak + examples: + - ko: "**노약 좌석**에는 앉지 마세요" + en: Please don't sit in the **seat for the elderly and weak** + notes: Generated by Claude + - ko: "**노약 좌석**은 비어 있어야 돼요" + en: The **priority seat** should be left empty + notes: Generated by Claude + + - ko: 호선 + en: line in a subway + notes: | +

Attached to a number, e.g. 4호선 = "Line 4."

+ examples: + - ko: 4**호선**으로 갈아타야 돼요 + en: You have to transfer to **line** 4 + - ko: 홍대에 가려면 몇 **호선**을 타야 돼요? + en: In order to get to 홍대, which **line** should I take? + - ko: 서울역에서 1**호선**으로 갈아타는 것은 복잡해요 + en: It is confusing transferring to **line** 1 at Seoul Station + - ko: 동대문으로 가실 분은 이번 역에서 2**호선**으로 환승하시기 바랍니다 + en: Passengers who are going to 동대문, please transfer to **line** 2 at this station + + - ko: 출구 + en: exit of a subway station + notes: | +

Attached to a number, e.g. 4번출구 = "exit 4."

+ examples: + - ko: 사당역 4번 **출구**에서 만나자 + en: Let's meet at **exit** four of Sadang station + + - ko: 택시 + en: taxi + examples: + - ko: "**택시**를 타고 공항에 갈 거에요" + en: I'm going to take a **taxi** to the airport + notes: Generated by Claude + - ko: "**택시**가 안 잡혀요" + en: I can't catch a **taxi** + notes: Generated by Claude + + - ko: 막차 + en: last train/bus + examples: + - ko: 저는 안산으로 가는 **막차**를 놓쳤어요 + en: I missed the **last train** going to Ansan + - ko: "**막차**가 몇 시에 출발해요?" + en: What time does the **last train** depart? + + - ko: 첫차 + en: first train/bus + examples: + - ko: 저는 내일 **첫차**를 타야 돼요 + en: I have to take the **first train** tomorrow + - ko: "**첫차**가 몇 시에 출발해요?" + en: What time does the **first train** depart? + + verbs: + - ko: 가다 + en: to go + examples: + - ko: 오른 쪽으로 **가면** 돼요 + en: "**Go** right" + notes: | +

[The full nuance is closer to "you should/need to go right."]

+ - ko: 왼 쪽으로 **가면** 돼요 + en: "**Go** left" + notes: | +

[The full nuance is closer to "you should/need to go left."]

+ - ko: 거기에 **가려면** 어느 쪽으로 가야 돼요? + en: In order to **get** there, which way should I/one go? + - ko: 서울역에 **가려면** 어느 쪽으로 가야 돼요? + en: In order to **get** to Seoul station, which way should I/one go? + - ko: 거기에 어떻게 **가는** 지 알아요? + en: Do you know how to **get** there? + + - ko: 오다 + en: to come + examples: + - ko: 버스 **온다**! + en: The bus is **coming**! + - ko: 버스가 5분 후에 **올** 거에요 + en: The bus will **come** in 5 minutes + - ko: 이 버스는 10분마다 **와요** + en: This bus **comes** each/every 10 minutes + + - ko: 만나다 + en: to meet + examples: + - ko: 사당역 4번 출구에서 **만나자** + en: Let's **meet** at exit four of Sadang station + + - ko: 건너다 + en: to cross + examples: + - ko: 우리는 길을 **건너야** 돼요 + en: We have to **cross** the street + - ko: 저는 거리를 안전하게 **건넜어요** + en: I **crossed** the street safely + + - ko: 내리다 + en: to get off (a bus/subway) + examples: + - ko: 저는 금방 **내려요** (**내릴** 거에요) + en: I'm **getting off** soon + - ko: 다음 정류장에서 **내리면** 돼요 + en: You should **get off** at the next station + - ko: 다 다음 정류장에서 **내리면** 돼요 + en: You should **get off** two stations from now + - ko: 여기서 **내려** 주세요 + en: Please let me **get off** here + - ko: "**내리실** 문은 오른 쪽입니다" + en: The doors you will **get off** from are on the right + + - ko: 타다 + en: to get on (a bus/subway) + examples: + - ko: 거기에 가려면 버스를 **타야** 돼요 + en: In order to get there, you must **take** the bus + - ko: 빨리 **타세요** + en: "**Get on**, quick!" + - ko: 저는 내일 첫차를 **타야** 돼요 + en: I have to **take** the first train tomorrow + - ko: 52번을 **타면** 돼요 + en: You should **take** bus number 52 + - ko: 저는 벌써 지하철을 **타고** 있어요 + en: I am already **on**/riding the subway + + - ko: 찍다 + en: to scan a card + examples: + - ko: 저는 카드를 안 **찍었어요** + en: I didn't **scan** my card + - ko: 버스를 탈 때 카드를 **찍어야** 되고 내릴 때도 **찍어야** 돼요 + en: You need to **scan** your card when you get on the bus and also when you get off the bus + + - ko: 갈아타다 + en: to transfer + notes: | +

Largely interchangeable with 환승하다.

+

[갈아타다 is more colloquial/spoken, while 환승하다 is more commonly heard in official/formal contexts, such as station announcements.]

+ examples: + - ko: 4호선으로 **갈아타야** 돼요 + en: You have to **transfer** to line 4 + - ko: 어디서 **갈아타야** 돼요? + en: Where do I need to **transfer**? + - ko: 서울역에서 1호선으로 **갈아타는** 것은 복잡해요 + en: It is confusing **transferring** to line 1 at Seoul Station + + - ko: 환승하다 + en: to transfer + notes: | +

Largely interchangeable with 갈아타다.

+

[환승하다 is more commonly heard in official/formal contexts, such as station announcements, while 갈아타다 is more colloquial.]

+ examples: + - ko: 어디서 **환승해야** 돼요? + en: Where do I need to **transfer**? + - ko: 동대문으로 가실 분은 이번 역에서 2호선으로 **환승하시기** 바랍니다 + en: Passengers who are going to 동대문, please **transfer** to line 2 at this station + + - ko: 데려다 주다 + en: to bring a person to a certain point + examples: + - ko: 거기까지 **데려다 줄까요**? + en: Shall I **take you** there? + notes: | +

[More literally, "Let me take you there."]

+ - ko: 집까지 **데려다 줄게요** + en: I'll **take you** home + + - ko: 길을 잃다 + en: to be lost + examples: + - ko: 저는 **길을 잃었어요** + en: I'm **lost** + + - ko: 앉다 + en: to sit + examples: + - ko: "**앉으세요**" + en: "Please, **sit** down" + notes: | +

[Often said to an older person when giving up your seat.]

+ + - ko: 충전하다 + en: to recharge + examples: + - ko: 교통 카드를 어디서 **충전할** 수 있어요? + en: Where can I **charge** my transportation card? + - ko: 카드를 **충전해** 주세요 + en: Please **recharge** my card + - ko: 카드에 10,000원 (만원)을 **충전해** 주세요 + en: Please **recharge** my card with 10,000 won + + - ko: 멈추다 + en: to stop + notes: | +

[Used for a vehicle, like a bus or subway, coming to a stop — not for a person stopping an action.]

+ examples: + - ko: 버스가 **멈추지** 않았어요 + en: The bus didn't **stop** + + - ko: 자리를 맡다 + en: to save a seat for somebody + examples: + - ko: 친구를 위해서 **자리를 맡았어요** + en: I **saved a seat** for my friend + notes: Generated by Claude + - ko: 저 대신 **자리 좀 맡아** 주세요 + en: Please **save a seat** for me + notes: Generated by Claude + + - ko: 놓치다 + en: to miss + examples: + - ko: 저는 안산으로 가는 막차를 **놓쳤어요** + en: I **missed** the last train going to Ansan + + adjectives: + - ko: 빠르다 + en: fast + examples: + - ko: 버스로 가면 지하철보다 더 **빨라요** + en: If you go by bus, it is **faster** than the subway + + - ko: 느리다 + en: slow + examples: + - ko: 이 버스는 지하철보다 **느려요** + en: This bus is **slower** than the subway + notes: Generated by Claude + - ko: 막차는 첫차보다 **느려요** + en: The last train is **slower** than the first train + notes: Generated by Claude + + - ko: 복잡하다 + en: confusing + examples: + - ko: 서울역에서 1호선으로 갈아타는 것은 **복잡해요** + en: It is **confusing** transferring to line 1 at Seoul Station + + other_words: + - ko: 오른쪽 + en: the right side/direction + examples: + - ko: "**오른** 쪽으로 가면 돼요" + en: Go **right** + - ko: 내리실 문은 **오른** 쪽입니다 + en: The doors will open on the **right** + + - ko: 왼쪽 + en: the left side/direction + examples: + - ko: "**왼** 쪽으로 가면 돼요" + en: Go **left** + + - ko: 건너편 + en: the opposite side (across the street) + examples: + - ko: 그 식당은 은행 **건너편**에 있어요 + en: That restaurant is **across the street** from the bank + + - ko: 반대로 + en: the opposite direction + examples: + - ko: "**반대로** 가야 돼요" + en: You need to go the **opposite direction** + + - ko: 여기 + en: here + examples: + - ko: "**여기**서 내려 주세요" + en: Please let me get off **here** + + - ko: 거기 + en: there + notes: | +

Compare with 저기.

+

[거기 refers to a place near the listener or already mentioned in conversation, while 저기 refers to a place far from both speaker and listener.]

+ examples: + - ko: "**거기**에 가려면 어느 쪽으로 가야 돼요?" + en: In order to get **there**, which way should I/one go? + - ko: "**거기**에 어떻게 가는 지 알아요?" + en: Do you know how to get **there**? + - ko: "**거기**까지 데려다 줄까요?" + en: Shall I take you **there**? + - ko: "**거기**에 가려면 버스를 타야 돼요" + en: In order to get **there**, you must take the bus + - ko: "**거기** 가려면 몇 번 버스를 타야 돼요?" + en: In order to get **there**, what bus should I take? + + - ko: 저기 + en: there + notes: | +

Compare with 거기.

+

[저기 refers to a place far from both speaker and listener, often visible in the distance, while 거기 refers to a place near the listener.]

+ examples: + - ko: "**저기**에 버스 정류장이 있어요" + en: There's a bus stop **over there** + notes: Generated by Claude + - ko: "**저기**로 가 주세요" + en: Please go **over there** + notes: Generated by Claude +--- + # (Theme) Unit 1: #2 – Transportation ## Introduction @@ -8,17 +472,19 @@ Below is a list of vocabulary you may find useful when getting from place to pla ## Vocabulary + + ### Nouns -버스 = bus +버스 = bus -정류장 = stop/station +정류장 = stop/station -버스 정류장 = bus stop +버스 정류장 = bus stop -버스 기사 = bus driver +버스 기사 = bus driver -버스 아저씨 = bus driver +버스 아저씨 = bus driver
@@ -26,93 +492,93 @@ In theory this is a little bit impolite, but it is definitely more common, espec
-전철 = subway (literally translates to electric train) +전철 = subway (literally translates to electric train) -지하철 = subway (literally translates to underground train) +지하철 = subway (literally translates to underground train) -역 = station (서울역 = Seoul station) +역 = station (서울역 = Seoul station) -위치 = location +위치 = location -길 = street/road +길 = street/road -거리 = street/road +거리 = street/road -사거리 = intersection +사거리 = intersection -교통카드 = transportation card +교통카드 = transportation card -자리 = a place to sit +자리 = a place to sit -노약 좌석 = a seat for the elderly and weak +노약 좌석 = a seat for the elderly and weak -호선 = line in a subway (4호산 = Line 4) +호선 = line in a subway (4호산 = Line 4) -출구 = exit of a subway station (4번출구 = exit 4) +출구 = exit of a subway station (4번출구 = exit 4) -택시 = taxi +택시 = taxi -막차 = last train/bus +막차 = last train/bus -첫차 = first train/bus +첫차 = first train/bus ### Verbs -가다 = to go +가다 = to go -오다 = to come +오다 = to come -만나다 = to meet +만나다 = to meet -건너다 = to cross +건너다 = to cross -내리다 = to get off (a bus/subway) +내리다 = to get off (a bus/subway) -타다 = to get on (a bus/subway) +타다 = to get on (a bus/subway) -찍다 = to scan a card +찍다 = to scan a card -갈아타다 = to transfer +갈아타다 = to transfer -환승하다 = to transfer +환승하다 = to transfer -데려다 주다 = to bring a person to a certain point +데려다 주다 = to bring a person to a certain point -길을 잃다 = to be lost +길을 잃다 = to be lost -앉다 = to sit +앉다 = to sit -충전하다 = to recharge +충전하다 = to recharge -멈추다 = to stop (for a bus, subway to stop) +멈추다 = to stop (for a bus, subway to stop) -자리를 맡다 = to save a seat for somebody +자리를 맡다 = to save a seat for somebody -놓치다 = to miss +놓치다 = to miss ### Adjectives -빠르다 = fast +빠르다 = fast -느리다 = slow +느리다 = slow -복잡하다 = confusing +복잡하다 = confusing ### Adverbs and Other Words -오른쪽 = the right side/direction +오른쪽 = the right side/direction -왼쪽 = the left side/direction +왼쪽 = the left side/direction -건너편 = the opposite side (across the street) +건너편 = the opposite side (across the street) -반대로 = the opposite direction +반대로 = the opposite direction -여기 = here +여기 = here -거기 = there +거기 = there -저기 = there +저기 = there For help memorizing these words, try using our [Memrise tool](http://www.memrise.com/course/150816/howtostudykoreancom-unit-1-2/27/). @@ -122,63 +588,63 @@ Now let’s look at some specific sentences that you may find useful when gettin ### Getting to a Place -오른 쪽으로 가면 돼요 = Go right (you should/need to go right) +오른 쪽으로 가면 돼요 = Go right (you should/need to go right) -왼 쪽으로 가면 돼요 = Go left (you should/need to go left) +왼 쪽으로 가면 돼요 = Go left (you should/need to go left) -거기에 가려면 어느 쪽으로 가야 돼요? = In order to get there, which way should I/one go? +거기에 가려면 어느 쪽으로 가야 돼요? = In order to get there, which way should I/one go? -서울역에 가려면 어느 쪽으로 가야 돼요? = In order to get to Seoul station, which way should I/one go? +서울역에 가려면 어느 쪽으로 가야 돼요? = In order to get to Seoul station, which way should I/one go? -거기에 어떻게 가는 지 알아요? = Do you know how to get there? +거기에 어떻게 가는 지 알아요? = Do you know how to get there? -거기까지 데려다 줄까요? = Shall I take you there? (Let me take you there) +거기까지 데려다 줄까요? = Shall I take you there? (Let me take you there) -집까지 데려다 줄게요 = I’ll take you home +집까지 데려다 줄게요 = I’ll take you home -저는 길을 잃었어요 = I’m lost +저는 길을 잃었어요 = I’m lost -우리는 길을 건너야 돼요 = We have to cross the street +우리는 길을 건너야 돼요 = We have to cross the street -그 식당의 위치를 핸드폰으로 검색할 거에요 = I’ll look up the location of the restaurant on my phone +그 식당의 위치를 핸드폰으로 검색할 거에요 = I’ll look up the location of the restaurant on my phone -그 식당은 은행 건너편에 있어요 = That restaurant is across the street from the bank +그 식당은 은행 건너편에 있어요 = That restaurant is across the street from the bank -사당역 4번 출구에서 만나자 = Let’s meet at exit four of Sadang station +사당역 4번 출구에서 만나자 = Let’s meet at exit four of Sadang station -이 길에서 직진하셔요 = Go straight on this road +이 길에서 직진하셔요 = Go straight on this road -저는 거리를 안전하게 건넜어요 = I crossed the street safely +저는 거리를 안전하게 건넜어요 = I crossed the street safely ### Situations related to the Bus and Subway -앉으세요 = Please, sit down (often said to an older person when giving up your seat) +앉으세요 = Please, sit down (often said to an older person when giving up your seat) -저는 금방 내려요 (내릴 거에요) = I’m getting off soon +저는 금방 내려요 (내릴 거에요) = I’m getting off soon -교통카드를 어디서 살 수 있어요? = Where can you buy a bus/subway card? +교통카드를 어디서 살 수 있어요? = Where can you buy a bus/subway card? -교통 카드를 어디서 충전할 수 있어요? = Where can I charge my transportation card? +교통 카드를 어디서 충전할 수 있어요? = Where can I charge my transportation card? -교통 카드를 잃어버렸어요 = I lost my transportation card? +교통 카드를 잃어버렸어요 = I lost my transportation card? -카드에 10,000원 (만원)을 넣어 주세요 = Please put 10,000 won on my card +카드에 10,000원 (만원)을 넣어 주세요 = Please put 10,000 won on my card -카드에 10,000원 (만원)을 충전해 주세요 = Please recharge my card with 10,000 won +카드에 10,000원 (만원)을 충전해 주세요 = Please recharge my card with 10,000 won -버스로 가면 지하철보다 더 빨라요 = If you go by bus, it is faster than the subway +버스로 가면 지하철보다 더 빨라요 = If you go by bus, it is faster than the subway -카드를 충전해 주세요 = Please recharge my card +카드를 충전해 주세요 = Please recharge my card -빨리 타세요 = Get on, quick! +빨리 타세요 = Get on, quick! -저는 안산으로 가는 막차를 놓쳤어요 = I missed the last train going to Ansan +저는 안산으로 가는 막차를 놓쳤어요 = I missed the last train going to Ansan -저는 내일 첫차를 타야 돼요 = I have to take the first train tomorrow +저는 내일 첫차를 타야 돼요 = I have to take the first train tomorrow -막차가 몇 시에 출발해요? = What time does the last train depart? +막차가 몇 시에 출발해요? = What time does the last train depart? -첫차가 몇 시에 출발해요? = What time does the first train depart? +첫차가 몇 시에 출발해요? = What time does the first train depart? ### Taking the Bus