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docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/06-honorifics.md
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@@ -614,21 +614,23 @@ Example:
</Details>
약속하다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-6-38.mp3" /> = to promise
약속하다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-6-38.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">to promise</span>
<Details>
Notes: The noun form of this verb (<TTS>약속</TTS>) translates to “a promise,” and is often used to refer to plans that somebody has.
Notes: The noun form of this verb (<TTS>약속</TTS>) translates to “<span class="md spoiler">a promise</span>,” and is often used to refer to plans that somebody has.
For example: 저는 오늘 약속이 있어요 = I have a promise, or “I made a promise with somebody today, which means I have plans to meet him/her.”
For example:
- <TTS>저는 오늘 약속이 있어요</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">I have a promise, or “I made a promise with somebody today, which means I have plans to meet him/her.”</span>
Example:
- 그는 올 거라고 **약속했어요** = He **promised** that he would come
- <TTS class="md">그는 올 거라고 **약속했어요**</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">He **promised** that he would come</span>
</Details>
듣다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-6-39.mp3" /> = to hear
듣다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-6-39.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">to hear</span>
<Details>
@@ -636,20 +638,20 @@ Example:
Common Usages:
- 들어보다 = to listen
- 수업을 듣다 = to take a class (literally, to “listen to” a class)
- <TTS class="md">들어보다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to listen</span>
- <TTS class="md">수업을 듣다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">to take a class (literally, to “listen to” a class)</span>
Examples:
- 그 말을 못 **들었어요** = I didn’t **hear** that thing that you just said
- 저는 쥐를 **들었어요** = I **heard** a mouse
- 저는 2달 동안 한국어 수업을 **들었어요** = I **took** a Korean class for 2 months
- 저는 선생님의 목소리를 못 **들었어요** = I couldn’t **hear** the teacher’s voice
- 그 말을 **들었**더니 기분이 상했어요 = My feelings were hurt after **hearing** that
- <TTS class="md">그 말을 못 **들었어요**</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">I didn’t **hear** that thing that you just said</span>
- <TTS class="md">저는 쥐를 **들었어요**</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">I **heard** a mouse</span>
- <TTS class="md">저는 2달 동안 한국어 수업을 **들었어요**</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">I **took** a Korean class for 2 months</span>
- <TTS class="md">저는 선생님의 목소리를 못 **들었어요**</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">I couldn’t **hear** the teacher’s voice</span>
- <TTS class="md">그 말을 **들었**더니 기분이 상했어요</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">My feelings were hurt after **hearing** that</span>
</Details>
들어보다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-6-40.mp3" /> = to listen
들어보다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-6-40.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">to listen</span>
<Details>
@@ -657,58 +659,58 @@ Notes: Although there is sometimes overlap in their usages, 듣다 is used when
Example:
- 선생님의 말을 잘 **들어보세요**! = **listen** carefully to what the teacher says!
- <TTS class="md">선생님의 말을 잘 **들어보세요**!</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">**listen** carefully to what the teacher says!</span>
</Details>
그만하다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-6-41.mp3" /> = to stop
그만하다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-6-41.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">to stop</span>
<Details>
Notes:
- This is usually used when you are stopping an action. When you are stopping a machine, the word 멈추다 is usually used.
- This is usually used when you are stopping an action. When you are stopping a machine, the word <TTS>멈추다</TTS> is usually used.
Example:
- 빨리 **그만하세요**! = **stop** quickly!
- 다음 달에 한국어를 배우는 것을 **그만할** **거예요** = I will **stop** learning Korean next month
- <TTS class="md">빨리 **그만하세요**!</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">**stop** quickly!</span>
- <TTS class="md">다음 달에 한국어를 배우는 것을 **그만할** **거예요**</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">I will **stop** learning Korean next month</span>
</Details>
운동하다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-6-42.mp3" /> = to exercise
운동하다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-6-42.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">to exercise</span>
<Details>
Examples:
- 저는 매일 **운동해요** = I **exercise** everyday
- 저는 오늘 두 번 **운동할** **것입니다** = I will **exercise** twice (two times) today
- 어제 **운동**을 해서 오늘 저의 팔이 아파요 = my arms are sore because I **exercised** yesterday
- 저는 **운동**을 열심히 하고 숨을 빨리 쉬었어요 = After I **exercised** I was breathing really fast
- 저는 요즘에 **운동**을 많이 해요 = I am **exercising** a lot these days
- **운동**은 스트레스를 풀어요 = **exercise** relieves stress
- **운동**할 때 알맞은 자세로 해야 돼요 = When you **exercise**, you need to do so with the correct posture
- <TTS class="md">저는 매일 **운동해요**</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">I **exercise** everyday</span>
- <TTS class="md">저는 오늘 두 번 **운동할** **것입니다**</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">I will **exercise** twice (two times) today</span>
- <TTS class="md">어제 **운동**을 해서 오늘 저의 팔이 아파요</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">my arms are sore because I **exercised** yesterday</span>
- <TTS class="md">저는 **운동**을 열심히 하고 숨을 빨리 쉬었어요</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">After I **exercised** I was breathing really fast</span>
- <TTS class="md">저는 요즘에 **운동**을 많이 해요</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">I am **exercising** a lot these days</span>
- <TTS class="md">**운동**은 스트레스를 풀어요</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">**exercise** relieves stress</span>
- <TTS class="md">**운동**할 때 알맞은 자세로 해야 돼요</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">When you **exercise**, you need to do so with the correct posture</span>
</Details>
놀라다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-6-43.mp3" /> = to be surprised
놀라다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-6-43.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">to be surprised</span>
<Details>
Notes:
- There are many adverbs in Korean that are used in very specific situations to add feeling to the meaning in the sentence. The word “깜짝” is used in sentences where one is surprised. By putting the word “<TTS>깜짝</TTS>” before “놀라다,” it will make your Korean sound very good!
- There are many adverbs in Korean that are used in very specific situations to add feeling to the meaning in the sentence. The word “<TTS>깜짝</TTS>” is used in sentences where one is surprised. By putting the word “<TTS>깜짝</TTS>” before “놀라다,” it will make your Korean sound very good!
Example:
- 저는 그 사람을 보고 깜짝 **놀랐어요**! = I looked at that man and I was really **surprised**!
- <TTS class="md">저는 그 사람을 보고 깜짝 **놀랐어요**!</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">I looked at that man and I was really **surprised**!</span>
</Details>
### Adjectives
빠르다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-6-44.mp3" /> = to be fast
빠르다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-6-44.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">to be fast</span>
<Details>
@@ -718,26 +720,28 @@ Notes: The adverb form of this word is <TTS>빨리</TTS>
Example:
- 그 차는 너무 **빨라요** = That car is too **fast**
- 택시는 버스보다 더 **빨라요** = The taxi is **quicker** than the bus
- <TTS class="md">그 차는 너무 **빨라요**</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">That car is too **fast**</span>
- <TTS class="md">택시는 버스보다 더 **빨라요**</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">The taxi is **quicker** than the bus</span>
</Details>
느리다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-6-45.mp3" /> = to be slow
느리다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-6-45.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">to be slow</span>
<Details>
Notes:
- 느리다 is used when “slow” has a negative meaning, usually from moving _too_ slow. For the positive meaning, the adverb “천천히” is used. For example: 천천히 먹어 = eat slowly
- 느리다 is used when “<span class="md spoiler">slow</span>” has a negative meaning, usually from <span class="md spoiler">moving _too_ slow</span>.
- For the positive meaning, the adverb “<TTS>천천히</TTS>” is used. For example:
- <TTS>천천히 먹어</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">eat slowly</span>
Example:
- 이 인터넷은 왜 이렇게 **느려요**? = Why is this internet so **slow**?
- <TTS class="md">이 인터넷은 왜 이렇게 **느려요**?</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">Why is this internet so **slow**?</span>
</Details>
착하다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-6-46.mp3" /> = to be nice
착하다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-6-46.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">to be nice</span>
<Details>
@@ -745,68 +749,68 @@ Notes: Another common way to say “nice” is <TTS>친절하다</TTS>
Examples:
- 한국 사람들은 보통 아주 **착해요** = Korean people are usually very **nice**
- 저의 첫 번째 친구는 **착했어요** = My first friend was **nice**
- <TTS class="md">한국 사람들은 보통 아주 **착해요**</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">Korean people are usually very **nice**</span>
- <TTS class="md">저의 첫 번째 친구는 **착했어요**</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">My first friend was **nice**</span>
</Details>
### Adverbs and Others
곧 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-6-47.mp3" /> = soon
곧 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-6-47.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">soon</span>
<Details>
Example:
- 우리가 **곧** 가야 돼요 = We have to go **soon**
- 저는 **곧** 선생님이 될 것입니다 = I will be a teacher **soon**
- 시험공부를 **곧** 할 필요가 있어요 = I need to study **soon**
- 우리는 **곧** 중국에 갈 거예요 = We are going to China **soon**
- 우리가 3주 후에 미국에 갈 예정이라서 **곧** 준비를 해야 돼요 = We need to plan **soon** because we are scheduled to go to the US in three weeks
- <TTS class="md">우리가 **곧** 가야 돼요</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">We have to go **soon**</span>
- <TTS class="md">저는 **곧** 선생님이 될 것입니다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">I will be a teacher **soon**</span>
- <TTS class="md">시험공부를 **곧** 할 필요가 있어요</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">I need to study **soon**</span>
- <TTS class="md">우리는 **곧** 중국에 갈 거예요</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">We are going to China **soon**</span>
- <TTS class="md">우리가 3주 후에 미국에 갈 예정이라서 **곧** 준비를 해야 돼요</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">We need to plan **soon** because we are scheduled to go to the US in three weeks</span>
</Details>
항상 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-6-48.mp3" /> = always
항상 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-6-48.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">always</span>
<Details>
Examples:
- 그 여자는 **항상** 그렇게 걸어요 = That girl **always** walks like that
- 저는 **항상** 아침에 운동해요 = I **always** exercise in the morning
- 우리 아버지는 차를 **항상** 안전하게 운전해요= Our dad **always** drives his car safely
- 저는 **항상** 저녁에 음식을 먹어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/4.mp3" /> = I **always** eat food - in the evening
- 제가 수업을 하면 **항상** 영어로 해요 = When I teach, I **always** do so in English
- 저는 **항상** 일요일에 늦잠 자요 = I **always** sleep in on Sundays
- 저의 아버지는 모자를 **항상** 써요 = My father **always** wears a hat
- <TTS class="md">그 여자는 **항상** 그렇게 걸어요</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">That girl **always** walks like that</span>
- <TTS class="md">저는 **항상** 아침에 운동해요</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">I **always** exercise in the morning</span>
- <TTS class="md">우리 아버지는 차를 **항상** 안전하게 운전해요</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">Our dad **always** drives his car safely</span>
- 저는 **항상** 저녁에 음식을 먹어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/4.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I **always** eat food - in the evening</span>
- <TTS class="md">제가 수업을 하면 **항상** 영어로 해요</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">When I teach, I **always** do so in English</span>
- <TTS class="md">저는 **항상** 일요일에 늦잠 자요</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">I **always** sleep in on Sundays</span>
- <TTS class="md">저의 아버지는 모자를 **항상** 써요</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">My father **always** wears a hat</span>
</Details>
주 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-6-49.mp3" /> = week
주 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-6-49.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">week</span>
<Details>
Common Usages
- 일주일 동안 = for one week
- 다음 주 = next week
- 이번 주 = this week
- 지난 주 = last week
- <TTS>일주일 동안</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">for one week</span>
- <TTS>다음 주</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">next week</span>
- <TTS>이번 주</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">this week</span>
- <TTS>지난 주</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">last week</span>
Example:
- 우리는 다음 **주**에 캐나다에 갈 거예요 = We are going to Canada next **week**
- 저는 지난 **주**에 영화를 봤어요 = I saw a movie last **week**
- 저는 지난 **주**에 캐나다에 갔어요 = I went to Canada last **week**.
- 지난 **주**에 저는 계획이 많았어요 = I had a lot of plans last **week**
- 저는 이번 **주**에 계획이 없어요 = I have no plans this **week**
- 저의 여동생은 지난 **주**에 책 2권을 읽었어요 = My sister read two books last **week**
- 저는 2**주** 동안 열심히 일했어요 = I worked hard for 2 **weeks**
- 저는 4**주** 동안 여자친구를 안 만났어요 = I didn’t meet my girlfriend for four **weeks**
- <TTS class="md">우리는 다음 **주**에 캐나다에 갈 거예요</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">We are going to Canada next **week**</span>
- <TTS class="md">저는 지난 **주**에 영화를 봤어요</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">I saw a movie last **week**</span>
- <TTS class="md">저는 지난 **주**에 캐나다에 갔어요</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">I went to Canada last **week**.</span>
- <TTS class="md">지난 **주**에 저는 계획이 많았어요</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">I had a lot of plans last **week**</span>
- <TTS class="md">저는 이번 **주**에 계획이 없어요</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">I have no plans this **week**</span>
- <TTS class="md">저의 여동생은 지난 **주**에 책 2권을 읽었어요</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">My sister read two books last **week**</span>
- <TTS class="md">저는 2**주** 동안 열심히 일했어요</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">I worked hard for 2 **weeks**</span>
- <TTS class="md">저는 4**주** 동안 여자친구를 안 만났어요</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">I didn’t meet my girlfriend for four **weeks**</span>
</Details>
아래 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-6-50.mp3" /> = bottom
아래 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vLesson-6-50.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">bottom</span>
<Details>
@@ -816,7 +820,7 @@ This word appears in Korean Sign Explanation [Video 16]
Example:
- 여기 **아래**에 사인해 주세요 = Please sign **below,** here
- <TTS class="md">여기 **아래**에 사인해 주세요</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">Please sign **below,** here</span>
</Details>
@@ -840,7 +844,7 @@ In English, regardless of whether you were speaking to your girlfriend’s grand
I can share a really funny experience that happened to me. I started learning Korean a few months before I moved to Korea. I was not studying very hard or often, so my Korean was extremely basic. When I arrived at the airport in Seoul, was driven directly to my school and introduced to my principal immediately. My principal said “I am happy you are working at my school,” to which I replied:
나도 (the lower respect form of saying “me too”)
<TTS>나도</TTS> (the lower respect form of saying “me too”)
Instead of being impressed that I at least knew some words in Korean, the look on his face was as if somebody had just kidnapped his daughter.
@@ -849,11 +853,11 @@ Never, _never_ underestimate the importance of honorific endings in Korean.
Keep in mind that all these conjugations with different honorific endings have exactly the same meaning. You will learn how to conjugate using honorifics in the following ways:
1. Informal low respect
Used when talking to your friends, people you are close with, people younger than you and your family.
- Used when talking to your friends, people you are close with, people younger than you and your family.
2. Informal high respect
This can be used in most situations, even in formal situations despite the name being “informal.” This is usually the way most people speak when they are trying to show respect to the person they are talking to.
- This can be used in most situations, even in formal situations despite the name being “informal.” This is usually the way most people speak when they are trying to show respect to the person they are talking to.
3. Formal high respect
This is a very high respect form that is used when addressing people who deserve a lot of respect from you. It is hard to describe perfectly, but honestly, the difference between ‘Informal high respect’ and ‘Formal high respect’ is not very big. As long as you speak in either of these two ways, you will not offend anyone.
- This is a very high respect form that is used when addressing people who deserve a lot of respect from you. It is hard to describe perfectly, but honestly, the difference between ‘Informal high respect’ and ‘Formal high respect’ is not very big. As long as you speak in either of these two ways, you will not offend anyone.
The names of each form of speech might be different in every source, but I have chosen the words above to describe each form. In addition, you learned the “Plain form” in the previous lesson.
@@ -863,18 +867,18 @@ Also, in the previous lesson, you learned that if a stem of a word ends in a vow
In this lesson, two of the conjugations you will learn will require the addition of ~아/어. When adding ~아/어 to the stem of a word, the same rule applies from previous lesson. That is, if ~아/어 gets added to a stem that ends in a vowel, ~아/어 will be merged to the stem itself. For example:
가다 + ~아/어 = 가 (가 + 아)
오다 + ~아/어 = 와 (오 + 아)
배우다 + ~아/어 = 배워 (배우 + 어)
끼다 + ~아/어 = 껴 (끼 + 어)
나서다 + ~아/어 = 나서 (나서 + 어)
켜다 + ~아/어 = 켜 (켜 + 어)
하다 + ~아/어 = 해 (하 + 여)
- 가다 + ~아/어 = 가 (가 + 아)
- 오다 + ~아/어 = 와 (오 + 아)
- 배우다 + ~아/어 = 배워 (배우 + 어)
- 끼다 + ~아/어 = 껴 (끼 + 어)
- 나서다 + ~아/어 = 나서 (나서 + 어)
- 켜다 + ~아/어 = 켜 (켜 + 어)
- 하다 + ~아/어 = 해 (하 + 여)
Conversely, if a stem ends in a consonant, ~아/어 is attached to the stem, but not merged to it. For example:
먹다 + ~아/어 = 먹어 (먹 + 어)
앉다 + ~아/어 = 앉아 (앉 + 아)
- 먹다 + ~아/어 = 먹어 (먹 + 어)
- 앉다 + ~아/어 = 앉아 (앉 + 아)
There are _many_ situations when you will have to add ~아/어 (or other vowels and consonants) to stems. Conjugating is just one of these situations. Always keep this rule in mind, as you will see it throughout this lesson, and throughout your studies.
@@ -884,109 +888,109 @@ There are _many_ situations when you will have to add ~아/어 (or other vowels
You learned in [Lesson 5](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-1-8/unit-1-lesson-5/) how to conjugate verbs to the present tense by adding ㄴ/는다 to the stem of the word. To review:
먹다 = to eat (not conjugated)
나는 먹는다 = I eat (conjugated – present tense)
먹다 = <span class="md spoiler">to eat</span> (not conjugated)
배우다 = to learn (not conjugated)
나는 배운다 = I learn (conjugated – present tense)
- <TTS>나는 먹는다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">I eat</span> (conjugated – present tense)
배우다 = <span class="md spoiler">to learn</span> (not conjugated)
- <TTS>나는 배운다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">I learn</span> (conjugated – present tense)
There are three more conjugations in the present tense that you should know:
1. Informal low respect
All you need to do is add ~어/아/여 to the stem of the verb:
- All you need to do is add ~어/아/여 to the stem of the verb:
_Remember, 나 is the informal way to say “I” and 저 is the formal way to say it. As such, you will always see 나 used in informal situations and in sentences conjugated informally. Conversely, you will see 저 used in formal situations and in sentences conjugated formally._
나는 항상 저녁에 음식을 먹어 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/3-I-always-eat-food-in-evening.mp3" /> = I always eat food in the evening (먹 + 어)
나는 나의 선생님을 항상 봐 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/4-I-always-see-my-teacher.mp3" /> = I always see my teacher (보 + 아)
나는 항상 아침에 운동해 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/5-I-always-exercise-in-the-morning.mp3" /> = I always exercise in the morning (운동하 + 여)
- 나는 항상 저녁에 음식을 먹어 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/3-I-always-eat-food-in-evening.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I always eat food in the evening</span> (먹 + 어)
- 나는 나의 선생님을 항상 봐 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/4-I-always-see-my-teacher.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I always see my teacher</span> (보 + 아)
- 나는 항상 아침에 운동해 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/5-I-always-exercise-in-the-morning.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I always exercise in the morning</span> (운동하 + 여)
_In [Lesson 1](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-1-8/unit-1-lesson-1/), you were introduced to the function of_ ~에 _as a particle which identifies a location or a time in which something occurs in a sentence. Since then, you have seen many cases of_ ~에 _being used to indicate a place, but you have yet to see any examples of it being used to indicate a time. This is just a quick reminder that_ ~에 <em>is (in addition to other things) attached to part of a sentence to indicate a time.</em>
*Also notice in the examples above that “*항상*” (always) is placed in two different places within a sentence. Adverbs are usually able to be placed wherever the speaker desires. The usage and placement of adverbs is discussed in* [Lesson 8](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-1-8/unit-1-lesson-8/)
_Also notice in the examples above that “항상” (<span class="md spoiler">always</span>)_ is placed in two different places within a sentence. Adverbs are usually able to be placed wherever the speaker desires. The usage and placement of adverbs is discussed in [Lesson 8](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-1-8/unit-1-lesson-8/)
2. Informal high respect
This is done the exact same way as ‘Informal low respect’ but you also add ‘~요’ to the end of the word. Adding ~요 to the end of anything in Korean makes it more respectful:
- This is done the exact same way as ‘Informal low respect’ but you also add ‘~요’ to the end of the word. Adding ~요 to the end of anything in Korean makes it more respectful:
저는 항상 저녁에 음식을 먹어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/4.mp3" /> = I always eat food in the evening (먹 + 어요)
저는 저의 선생님을 항상 봐요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/7-I-always-see-my-teacher.mp3" /> = I always see my teacher (보 + 아요)
저는 항상 아침에 운동해요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/8-I-always-exercise-in-the-morning.mp3" /> = I always exercise in the morning (운동하 + 여요)
- 저는 항상 저녁에 음식을 먹어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/4.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I always eat food in the evening</span> (먹 + 어요)
- 저는 저의 선생님을 항상 봐요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/7-I-always-see-my-teacher.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I always see my teacher</span> (보 + 아요)
- 저는 항상 아침에 운동해요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/8-I-always-exercise-in-the-morning.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I always exercise in the morning</span> (운동하 + 여요)
3. Formal high respect
This is done very similar to the conjugation you learned in [Lesson 5](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-1-8/unit-1-lesson-5/) – that is, adding ~ㄴ/는다 to the stem of the word. To conjugate using the Formal high respect honorific ending, you add ~ㅂ니다/습니다 to the end of the word stem. If a word stem ends in a vowel, you add ~ㅂ to the last syllable and 니다 follows. If a word stem ends in a consonant, you add ~습니다 to the word stem.
- This is done very similar to the conjugation you learned in [Lesson 5](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-1-8/unit-1-lesson-5/) – that is, adding ~ㄴ/는다 to the stem of the word. To conjugate using the Formal high respect honorific ending, you add ~ㅂ니다/습니다 to the end of the word stem. If a word stem ends in a vowel, you add ~ㅂ to the last syllable and 니다 follows. If a word stem ends in a consonant, you add ~습니다 to the word stem.
저는 항상 저녁에 음식을 먹습니다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/9-I-always-eat-food-in-the-evening.mp3" /> = I always eat food in the evening (먹 + 습니다)
저는 저의 선생님을 항상 봅니다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/10-I-always-see-my-teacher.mp3" /> = I always see my teacher (보 + ㅂ니다)
저는 항상 아침에 운동합니다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson-6-I-always-exercise-in-the-morning.mp3" /> = I always exercise in the morning (운동하 + ㅂ니다)
- 저는 항상 저녁에 음식을 먹습니다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/9-I-always-eat-food-in-the-evening.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I always eat food in the evening</span> (먹 + 습니다)
- 저는 저의 선생님을 항상 봅니다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/10-I-always-see-my-teacher.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I always see my teacher</span> (보 + ㅂ니다)
- 저는 항상 아침에 운동합니다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Lesson-6-I-always-exercise-in-the-morning.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I always exercise in the morning</span> (운동하 + ㅂ니다)
#### Past Tense
You learned in [Lesson 5](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-1-8/unit-1-lesson-5/) how to conjugate verbs to the past tense by adding 었다/았다/였다 to the stem of the word. To review:
먹다 = to eat (not conjugated)
나는 먹었다 = I ate (conjugated – past tense)
먹다 = <span class="md spoiler">to eat</span> (not conjugated)
배우다 = to learn (not conjugated)
나는 배웠다 = I learned (conjugated – past tense)
- <TTS>나는 먹었다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">I ate</span> (conjugated – past tense)
배우다 = <span class="md spoiler">to learn</span> (not conjugated)
- <TTS>나는 배웠다</TTS> = <span class="md spoiler">I learned</span> (conjugated – past tense)
The three new conjugations should be very simple for you now:
1. Informal low respect
Instead of adding 었다/았다/였다 to a stem, remove 다 and add 어 after 었/았/였:
- Instead of adding 었다/았다/였다 to a stem, remove 다 and add 어 after 었/았/였:
나는 먹었어 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/13-I-ate.mp3" /> = I ate (먹 + 었어)
나는 들어봤어 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/11.mp3" /> = I listened (들어보 + 았어)
나는 운동했어 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/12.mp3" /> = I exercised (운동하 + 였어)
- 나는 먹었어 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/13-I-ate.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I ate</span> (먹 + 었어)
- 나는 들어봤어 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/11.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I listened</span> (들어보 + 았어)
- 나는 운동했어 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/12.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I exercised</span> (운동하 + 였어)
2. Informal high respect
Just add 요 to the end of the Informal low respect conjugations:
- Just add 요 to the end of the Informal low respect conjugations:
저는 먹었어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/131.mp3" /> = I ate (먹 + 었어요)
저는 들어봤어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/141.mp3" /> = I listened (들어보 + 았어요)
저는 운동했어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/15.mp3" /> = I exercised (운동하 + 였어요)
- 저는 먹었어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/131.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I ate</span> (먹 + 었어요)
- 저는 들어봤어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/141.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I listened</span> (들어보 + 았어요)
- 저는 운동했어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/15.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I exercised</span> (운동하 + 였어요)
3. Formal high respect
After adding 었/았/였 instead of adding 다 add 습니다:
- After adding 었/았/였 instead of adding 다 add 습니다:
저는 먹었습니다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Lesson8nnsent810.mp3" /> = I ate (먹 + 었습니다)
저는 들어봤습니다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/19-I-listened.mp3" /> = I listened (들어보 + 았습니다)
저는 운동했습니다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/20-I-exercised.mp3" /> = I exercised (운동하 + 였습니다)
- 저는 먹었습니다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Lesson8nnsent810.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I ate</span> (먹 + 었습니다)
- 저는 들어봤습니다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/19-I-listened.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I listened</span> (들어보 + 았습니다)
- 저는 운동했습니다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/20-I-exercised.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I exercised</span> (운동하 + 였습니다)
#### Future Tense
You learned in Lesson 5 how to conjugate verbs to the future tense by adding 겠다 to the stem of the word. To review:
먹다 = to eat (not conjugated)
나는 먹겠다 = I will eat (conjugated – future tense)
먹다 = <span class="md spoiler">to eat</span> (not conjugated)
배우다 = to learn (not conjugated)
나는 배우겠다 = I will learn (conjugated – future tense)
- 나는 먹겠다 = <span class="md spoiler">I will eat</span> (conjugated – future tense)
배우다 = <span class="md spoiler">to learn</span> (not conjugated)
- 나는 배우겠다 = <span class="md spoiler">I will learn</span> (conjugated – future tense)
The three new conjugations should be very simple for you now:
1. Informal low respect
Instead of adding 겠다 to a word stem, remove 다 and add 어 after 겠:
- Instead of adding 겠다 to a word stem, remove 다 and add 어 after 겠:
나는 먹겠어 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/23-I-will-eat.mp3" /> = I will eat (먹 + 겠어)
나는 배우겠어 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/24-I-will-learn.mp3" /> = I will learn (배우 + 겠어)
- 나는 먹겠어 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/23-I-will-eat.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I will eat</span> (먹 + 겠어)
- 나는 배우겠어 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/24-I-will-learn.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I will learn</span> (배우 + 겠어)
2. Informal high respect
Just add 요 to the end of the Informal low respect conjugations:
- Just add 요 to the end of the Informal low respect conjugations:
저는 먹겠어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-6-s1.mp3" /> = I will eat (먹 + 겠어요)
저는 배우겠어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/26-I-will-learn.mp3" /> = I will learn (배우 + 겠어요)
- 저는 먹겠어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Lesson-6-s1.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I will eat</span> (먹 + 겠어요)
- 저는 배우겠어요 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/26-I-will-learn.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I will learn</span> (배우 + 겠어요)
3. Formal high respect
After 겠 instead of adding 다 add 습니다:
- After 겠 instead of adding 다 add 습니다:
저는 먹겠습니다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/27-I-will-eat.mp3" /> = I will eat (먹 + 겠습니다)
저는 배우겠습니다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/29-I-will-learn.mp3" /> = I will learn (배우 + 겠습니다)
- 저는 먹겠습니다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/27-I-will-eat.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I will eat</span> (먹 + 겠습니다)
- 저는 배우겠습니다 <AudioButton src="https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/29-I-will-learn.mp3" /> = <span class="md spoiler">I will learn</span> (배우 + 겠습니다)
Lets try looking at all the verb conjugations you know together in one table. This table will include the conjugation you learned in [Lesson 5](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-1-8/unit-1-lesson-5/), often called “Formal low respect,” “plain form,” or “diary form.”
@@ -1011,8 +1015,6 @@ Lets try looking at all the verb conjugations you know together in one table. Th
| Plain form | 이해했다 | 이해한다 | 이해하겠다 |
| Formal high | 이해했습니다 | 이해합니다 | 이해하겠습니다 |
.
### Adjectives
Thankfully, adjectives are conjugated the exact same way as verbs are when using these three honorific endings. The major difference in conjugating adjectives and verbs is when conjugating in the most basic form (which we did in [Lesson 5](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-1-8/unit-1-lesson-5/)). To conjugate adjectives with ‘Informal low respect,’ Informal high respect’ and Formal high respect,’ follow the same rules as verbs:
@@ -1025,13 +1027,13 @@ Thankfully, adjectives are conjugated the exact same way as verbs are when using
| Formal high | 비쌌습니다 | 비쌉니다 | 비싸겠습니다 |
| 길다 | Past | Present | Future |
| ------------- | ---------- | --------- | ---------- |
| ------------- | ---------- | ------- | ---------- |
| Informal low | 길었어 | 길어 | 길겠어 |
| Informal high | 길었어요 | 길어요 | 길겠어요 |
| Plain form | 길었다 | 길다 | 길겠다 |
| Formal high | 길었습니다 | 깁니다 \* | 길겠습니다 |
| Formal high | 길었습니다 | 깁니다 | 길겠습니다 |
\*Irregular conjugation. You will learn about irregulars in the next lesson.
Irregular conjugation. You will learn about irregulars in the next lesson.
| 착하다 | Past | Present | Future |
| ------------- | ---------- | -------- | ------------ |