From 0a043874ecde0c4f12aff13f9f5e9398fa4b8c7e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: polv Date: Thu, 2 Apr 2026 20:33:19 +0700 Subject: [PATCH] lesson 8 remaining vocab, and TTS brackets removed --- docs/.vitepress/theme/components/TTS.vue | 4 +- docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/08-adverbs.md | 514 ++++++++++++--------- 2 files changed, 288 insertions(+), 230 deletions(-) diff --git a/docs/.vitepress/theme/components/TTS.vue b/docs/.vitepress/theme/components/TTS.vue index 3e4d756..1d6899f 100644 --- a/docs/.vitepress/theme/components/TTS.vue +++ b/docs/.vitepress/theme/components/TTS.vue @@ -29,7 +29,9 @@ async function playAudio() { const v = voices[Math.floor(Math.random() * voices.length)]; console.log(JSON.stringify(v)); await speak({ - text: mainEl.value.innerText.replace(/[*]/gu, " "), + text: mainEl.value.innerText + .replace(/[*]/gu, " ") + .replace(/[\p{Ps}\p{Pe}]/gu, ""), language: null, rate: null, volume: null, diff --git a/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/08-adverbs.md b/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/08-adverbs.md index 7df280e..cb33467 100644 --- a/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/08-adverbs.md +++ b/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/08-adverbs.md @@ -338,359 +338,403 @@ Example: ### Verbs -놀다 = to play +놀다 = to play
놀다 follows the ㄹ irregular Common Usages: -놀이공원 = amusement park -놀이터 = playground -물놀이 = to play in water + +- 놀이공원 = amusement park +- 놀이터 = playground +- 물놀이 = to play in water Notes: + Although “playing” is usually reserved for kids in English, adults in Korean will also say that they “play” with friends. This typically meets that they met and had a good time. -Example: 저는 어제 친구랑 **놀았어요** = I **played** with a friend yesterday -아이들은 나무 주위에서 **놀**고 있어요 = The children are **playing** around the tree -저는 보통 친구들과 시내에서 **놀아요** = I usually **play** **with** (**meet**) my friends downtown +Example: + +- 저는 어제 친구랑 **놀았어요** = I **played** with a friend yesterday +- 아이들은 나무 주위에서 **놀**고 있어요 = The children are **playing** around the tree +- 저는 보통 친구들과 시내에서 **놀아요** = I usually **play** **with** (**meet**) my friends downtown
-쓰다 = to use +쓰다 = to use
쓰다 follows the ㅡ irregular Common Usages: -아껴 쓰다 = to save (to use and save) -Notes: 사용하다 is another common way to say “use” +- 아껴 쓰다 = to save (to use and save) -Example: 제가 이것을 **써**도 돼요? = May I **use** this? -한국 사람들은 밥을 먹을 때 **젓가락**을 써요 = Korean people **use** chopsticks when they eat -가뭄 때문에 물을 아껴 **써야** 돼요 = We need to **save**/conserve water because of the drought -요즘에는 사람들이 수표를 안 **써요** = These days, people don’t **use** cheques -그 쿠폰을 VIPS에서도 **쓸** 수 있어요? = Can you **use** that coupon at VIPS too? +Notes: 사용하다 is another common way to say “use” -저 컴퓨터가 고장이 나서 다른 컴퓨터를 **써야** 됩니다 -= You have to **use** another computer because that one is broken +Example: -중국 사람들은 소금을 뿌리는 것 대신에 음식에 간장을 써요 -= Instead of using salt, Chinese people put/**use** soy sauce on their food - -우리가 벌써 6월에 **쓸** 수 있는 인터넷 용량 제한을 넘었어요 -= We already went over the data/space limit (data cap) that we can **use** for June - -친구들끼리는 반말을 쓰고, 어른들과 대화를 할 때는 존댓말을 써요 -= Use informal/casual speech among friends, and when conversing with adults, **use** formal speech +- 제가 이것을 **써**도 돼요? = May I **use** this? +- 한국 사람들은 밥을 먹을 때 **젓가락**을 써요 = Korean people **use** chopsticks when they eat +- 가뭄 때문에 물을 아껴 **써야** 돼요 = We need to **save**/conserve water because of the drought +- 요즘에는 사람들이 수표를 안 **써요** = These days, people don’t **use** cheques +- 그 쿠폰을 VIPS에서도 **쓸** 수 있어요? = Can you **use** that coupon at VIPS too? +- 저 컴퓨터가 고장이 나서 다른 컴퓨터를 **써야** 됩니다 + - You have to **use** another computer because that one is broken +- 중국 사람들은 소금을 뿌리는 것 대신에 음식에 간장을 써요 + - Instead of using salt, Chinese people **put/use** soy sauce on their food +- 우리가 벌써 6월에 **쓸** 수 있는 인터넷 용량 제한을 넘었어요 + - We already went over the data/space limit (data cap) that we can **use** for June +- 친구들끼리는 반말을 쓰고, 어른들과 대화를 할 때는 존댓말을 써요 + - Use informal/casual speech among friends, and when conversing with adults, **use** formal speech
-쓰다 = to write +쓰다 = to write
Common Usages: -편지를 쓰다 = to write a letter -펜으로 쓰다 = to write with a pen -Example: 저는 저의 여자 친구를 위해 편지를 **썼어요** = I **wrote** a letter for my girlfriend -저는 부장님을 위해서 이것을 **썼어요** = I **wrote** this for my boss -저는 여자친구를 위해 편지를 **쓰**고 싶어요 = I want to **write** a letter for my girlfriend -저는 펜으로 **쓰**고 싶어요 = I want to **write** with a pen -그는 손등에 뭔가를 **썼어요** = He **wrote** something on the back of his hand +- 편지를 쓰다 = to write a letter +- 펜으로 쓰다 = to write with a pen + +Example: + +- 저는 저의 여자 친구를 위해 편지를 **썼어요** = I **wrote** a letter for my girlfriend +- 저는 부장님을 위해서 이것을 **썼어요** = I **wrote** this for my boss +- 저는 여자친구를 위해 편지를 **쓰**고 싶어요 = I want to **write** a letter for my girlfriend +- 저는 펜으로 **쓰**고 싶어요 = I want to **write** with a pen +- 그는 손등에 뭔가를 **썼어요** = He **wrote** something on the back of his hand
-실수하다 = to make a mistake +실수하다 = to make a mistake
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “실쑤하다” -The noun form of this word (“실수 ”) translates to “a mistake” +The noun form of this word (“실수 ”) translates to “a mistake” Notes: -By adding “~하다” you can say “to make a mistake” + +- By adding “~하다” you can say “to make a mistake” Example: -범죄자는 그의 **실수**를 인정했어요 = The criminal acknowledged his mistakes -제 행동은 **실수**인 것을 깨달았어요 = I realized that my actions (what I did) is/was a **mistake** + +- 범죄자는 그의 **실수**를 인정했어요 = The criminal acknowledged his mistakes +- 제 행동은 **실수**인 것을 깨달았어요 = I realized that my actions (what I did) is/was a **mistake**
-수리하다 = to repair +수리하다 = to repair
Examples: -그는 고장 난 컴퓨터를 **수리했어요** = He **repaired** the broken computer -복사기를 **수리해야** 되었어요 = We had to **repair** the photocopier -집주인이 물이 흘러나올까 봐 지붕을 **수리했어요** = The landlord was worried that water would flow in, so he **fixed** **up** (**repaired**) the roof + +- 그는 고장 난 컴퓨터를 **수리했어요** = He **repaired** the broken computer +- 복사기를 **수리해야** 되었어요 = We had to **repair** the photocopier +- 집주인이 물이 흘러나올까 봐 지붕을 **수리했어요** = The landlord was worried that water would flow in, so he **fixed** **up** (**repaired**) the roof
-잡다 = to catch, to grab, to grasp +잡다 = to catch, to grab, to grasp
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “잡따” Common Usages: -자리를 잡다 = to take a place and sit down -손을 잡다 = to hold one’s hand -꽉 잡다 = to hold on tight(ly) + +- 자리를 잡다 = to take a place and sit down +- 손을 잡다 = to hold one’s hand +- 꽉 잡다 = to hold on tight(ly) Example: -저는 공을 **잡았어요** = I **caught** the ball -그는 직업을 바꿀 수 있는 기회를 **잡았어요** = He **seized** the opportunity to change jobs + +- 저는 공을 **잡았어요** = I **caught** the ball +- 그는 직업을 바꿀 수 있는 기회를 **잡았어요** = He **seized** the opportunity to change jobs
-읽다 = to read +읽다 = to read
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “익따” Common Usages: -책을 읽다 = to read a book + +- 책을 읽다 = to read a book Examples: -저는 이제 더 **읽**기 싫어요 = I don’t want to **read** anymore -저는 그 책을 **읽**고 싶어요 = I want to **read** that book -저는 1년에 책 열 권을 **읽**을 수 있어요 = I can **read** ten books in one year -어떤 소설을 **읽**고 있어요? Which novel are you **reading**? + +- 저는 이제 더 **읽**기 싫어요 = I don’t want to **read** anymore +- 저는 그 책을 **읽**고 싶어요 = I want to **read** that book +- 저는 1년에 책 열 권을 **읽**을 수 있어요 = I can **read** ten books in one year +- 어떤 소설을 **읽**고 있어요? = Which novel are you **reading**?
-내다 = to pay for +내다 = to pay for
Common Usages: -청구서를 내다 = to pay a bill +- 청구서를 내다 = to pay a bill Notes: 내다 can have many other meanings. See [Lesson 14](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-9-16/lesson-14-korean-passive-verbs/) for more information. Examples: -이번에 제가 **낼 거예요** = I will **pay** this time -아빠가 돈을 이미 **낸** 것 같아요 = It seems like dad already paid -우리가 청구서를 늦게라도 낼 거예요 = We are going to **pay** the bill, even if it is a little late + +- 이번에 제가 **낼 거예요** = I will **pay** this time +- 아빠가 돈을 이미 **낸** 것 같아요 = It seems like dad already paid +- 우리가 청구서를 늦게라도 낼 거예요 = We are going to **pay** the bill, even if it is a little late
-받다 = to get, to receive, to acquire +받다 = to get, to receive, to acquire
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “받따” Common Usages: -감동 받다 = to be impressed (literally “to receive an impression”) -존경 받다 = to be respected (literally “to receive respect”) + +- 감동 받다 = to be impressed (literally “to receive an impression”) +- 존경 받다 = to be respected (literally “to receive respect”) See [Lesson 14](https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-9-16/lesson-14-korean-passive-verbs/) for more information Examples: -제가 보낸 돈을 **받았어요**? = Did you **get** the money that I sent? -저는 **돈**을 받았어요 = I **received** money -저는 저의 여자친구에게서 편지를 **받았어요** = I **received** a letter from my girlfriend -그 문제에 관해 연수를 **받았어요** = We/I **received** training about that problem -저는 당신의 말에 감동 **받았어요** = I was impressed with what you said -저는 그 사람이 저에게 줄 선물을 **받**고 싶지 않아요 = I don’t want to **accept** the gift that that person will give me -만약 제가 선생님이라면 학생들에게 존경을 **받**고 싶을 거예요 = If I were a teacher, I would want to be respected by students + +- 제가 보낸 돈을 **받았어요**? = Did you **get** the money that I sent? +- 저는 **돈**을 받았어요 = I **received** money +- 저는 저의 여자친구에게서 편지를 **받았어요** = I **received** a letter from my girlfriend +- 그 문제에 관해 연수를 **받았어요** = We/I **received** training about that problem +- 저는 당신의 말에 감동 **받았어요** = I was impressed with what you said +- 저는 그 사람이 저에게 줄 선물을 **받**고 싶지 않아요 = I don’t want to **accept** the gift that that person will give me +- 만약 제가 선생님이라면 학생들에게 존경을 **받**고 싶을 거예요 = If I were a teacher, I would want to be respected by students
-도착하다 = to arrive +도착하다 = to arrive
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “도차카다” Example: -우리가 목적지에 거의 **도착했어요** = We have almost **arrived** at our destination -우리가 내일 **도착할** 예정이에요 = We are scheduled to **arrive** tomorrow -저는 학교에 **도착했어요** = I **arrived** at school -저는 8월 15일에 **도착할** **거예요** = I will **arrive** on August 15th + +- 우리가 목적지에 거의 **도착했어요** = We have almost **arrived** at our destination +- 우리가 내일 **도착할** 예정이에요 = We are scheduled to **arrive** tomorrow +- 저는 학교에 **도착했어요** = I **arrived** at school +- 저는 8월 15일에 **도착할** **거예요** = I will **arrive** on August 15th
-여행하다 = to travel +여행하다 = to travel
-The noun form of this word (“여행 ”) translates to “a trip” +The noun form of this word (“여행 ”) translates to “a trip” Common Usages: -신혼여행 = honeymoon (newlywed travel) -배낭여행 = backpacking + +- 신혼여행 = honeymoon (newlywed travel) +- 배낭여행 = backpacking Examples: -저는 6개월 동안 **여행했어요** = I **traveled** for 6 months -저는 하루 동안 **여행했어요** = I **traveled** for 1 day -**여행**했을 때 사진을 많이 찍었어요 = When I **traveled**, I took a lot of pictures -그 **여행**은 길게 느껴졌어요 = That **trip** felt like a long time -저는 한국 어디나 **여행하**고 싶어요 = I want to **travel** everywhere in Korea -가장 **여행하**고 싶은 나라는 뭐에요? What country do you want to **travel** to the most? -**여행할** 때 옷을 많이 챙길 필요가 없어요 = I don’t need to pack a lot of clothes when I **travel** + +- 저는 6개월 동안 **여행했어요** = I **traveled** for 6 months +- 저는 하루 동안 **여행했어요** = I **traveled** for 1 day +- **여행**했을 때 사진을 많이 찍었어요 = When I **traveled**, I took a lot of pictures +- 그 **여행**은 길게 느껴졌어요 = That **trip** felt like a long time +- 저는 한국 어디나 **여행하**고 싶어요 = I want to **travel** everywhere in Korea +- 가장 **여행하**고 싶은 나라는 뭐에요? = What country do you want to **travel** to the most? +- **여행할** 때 옷을 많이 챙길 필요가 없어요 = I don’t need to pack a lot of clothes when I **travel**
### Adjectives -완벽하다 = to be perfect +완벽하다 = to be perfect
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “완벼카다” -The noun form of this word “완벽” translates to “perfection” +The noun form of this word “완벽” translates to “perfection” Common Usages -완벽주의자 = perfectionist + +- 완벽주의자 = perfectionist Example: -그녀는 **완벽한** 선생님이에요 = She is a **perfect** teacher -그 단어로 **완벽한** 문장을 만들어 주세요 = Make a **perfect/complete** sentence using that word, please -그것은 **완벽한** 식사였습니다 = That was a **perfect** meal -저의 여자 친구가 **완벽해**서 저는 그녀를 사랑해요 = I love my girlfriend because she is **perfect** + +- 그녀는 **완벽한** 선생님이에요 = She is a **perfect** teacher +- 그 단어로 **완벽한** 문장을 만들어 주세요 = Make a **perfect/complete** sentence using that word, please +- 그것은 **완벽한** 식사였습니다 = That was a **perfect** meal +- 저의 여자 친구가 **완벽해**서 저는 그녀를 사랑해요 = I love my girlfriend because she is **perfect**
-아프다 = to be sick, to be sore +아프다 = to be sick, to be sore
Common Usages: -배가 아프다 = for one’s stomach to be sore -아픈 척하다 = to pretend to be sick + +- 배가 아프다 = for one’s stomach to be sore +- 아픈 척하다 = to pretend to be sick Notes: -This is used to indicate that you are sick (with a cold or something similar), and to indicate that a part of your body is sore. + +- This is used to indicate that you are sick (with a cold or something similar), and to indicate that a part of your body is sore. Examples: -어제 운동을 해서 오늘 저의 팔이 아파요 = my arms are **sore** because I exercised yesterday -제가 너무 **아파**서 많이 먹을 수 없어요 = I can’t eat much because I am very **sick** -**목이 아파요** = I have a **sore** throat -저의 몸이 너무 **아파**서 못 가요 = I can’t go because my body is so sore -저는 너무 많이 걸어서 지금 발이 **아파요** = My feet are **sore** because I walked so much -할머니는 어제 **아파**서 입원했어요 = Grandma checked into the hospital yesterday because she was **sick** + +- 어제 운동을 해서 오늘 저의 팔이 **아파요** = my arms are **sore** because I exercised yesterday +- 제가 너무 **아파**서 많이 먹을 수 없어요 = I can’t eat much because I am very **sick** +- 목이 **아파요** = I have a **sore** throat +- 저의 몸이 너무 **아파**서 못 가요 = I can’t go because my body is so sore +- 저는 너무 많이 걸어서 지금 발이 **아파요** = My feet are **sore** because I walked so much +- 할머니는 어제 **아파**서 입원했어요 = Grandma checked into the hospital yesterday because she was **sick**
-똑똑하다 = to be smart +똑똑하다 = to be smart
Common Usages: -똑똑한 학생 = smart student + +- 똑똑한 학생 = smart student Examples: -우리 학교에는 **똑똑한** 학생들이 많아요 = There are a lot of **smart** students at our school -그 사람은 착하고 **똑똑해요** = That person is kind and **smart** -여자들이 예뻐도 **똑똑하**지 않으면 매력이 없어요 = Regardless of how pretty girls are, if they are not **smart,** they have no charm -선생님들은 학생들보다 더 **똑똑해요** = Teachers are **smarter** than students -저는 **똑똑한** 여자들만 좋아해요 = I only like **smart** girls -공부하지 않는 학생들은 **똑똑하지** 않아요 = Students who do not study are not smart -저는 저의 남동생보다 훨씬 **똑똑해요** = I am way/much **smarter** than my brother + +- 우리 학교에는 **똑똑한** 학생들이 많아요 = There are a lot of **smart** students at our school +- 그 사람은 착하고 **똑똑해요** = That person is kind and **smart** +- 여자들이 예뻐도 **똑똑하**지 않으면 매력이 없어요 = Regardless of how pretty girls are, if they are not **smart,** they have no charm +- 선생님들은 학생들보다 더 **똑똑해요** = Teachers are **smarter** than students +- 저는 **똑똑한** 여자들만 좋아해요 = I only like **smart** girls +- 공부하지 않는 학생들은 **똑똑하지** 않아요 = Students who do not study are not smart +- 저는 저의 남동생보다 훨씬 **똑똑해요** = I am way/much **smarter** than my brother
-중요하다 = to be important +중요하다 = to be important
Common Usages: -중요성 = importance + +- 중요성 = importance Examples: -그 개념은 **중요하**지 않아요 = That concept is not **important** -가족은 가장 **중요해요** = Family is the most **important** -**학생들한테** 영어회화는 **중요하**지 않아요 = English conversation isn’t **important** to Korean students -학생들이 영어를 배우는 것은 **중요해요** = It is **important** for students to learn English -이 문제는 시민보건에 아주 **중요한** 것 같아요 = That problem is probably very **important** to the health of the citizens + +- 그 개념은 **중요하**지 않아요 = That concept is not **important** +- 가족은 가장 **중요해요** = Family is the most **important** +- **학생들한테** 영어회화는 **중요하**지 않아요 = English conversation isn’t **important** to Korean students +- 학생들이 영어를 배우는 것은 **중요해요** = It is **important** for students to learn English +- 이 문제는 시민보건에 아주 **중요한** 것 같아요 = That problem is probably very **important** to the health of the citizens
-젊다 = to be young +젊다 = to be young
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “점따” Example: -그녀는 다른 사람보다 젊어 보여요 = She looks younger than other people -늙다 = to be old +- 그녀는 다른 사람보다 젊어 보여요 = She looks younger than other people + +
+ +늙다 = to be old + +
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “늑따” Notes: -This is typically only used when somebody is actually old, not when somebody is comparatively older than somebody else. + +- This is typically only used when somebody is actually old, not when somebody is comparatively older than somebody else. Example: -늙은 아주머니는 넘어졌어요 = The old lady fell over + +- 늙은 아주머니는 넘어졌어요 = The old lady fell over
-나쁘다 = to be bad +나쁘다 = to be bad
나쁘다 follows the ㅡ irregular Common Usages: -나쁜 사람 = bad person -건강에 나쁘다 = for something to be unhealthy + +- 나쁜 사람 = bad person +- 건강에 나쁘다 = for something to be unhealthy Example: -그것은 건강에 **나빠요** = That is **bad** for your health -그 사람의 상황은 **나빠요** = That person’s situation is not good -그 학생의 태도가 **나빠요** = That student’s attitude is bad -담배는 건강에 **나빠요** = Cigarettes are **bad** for your health (unhealthy) -공기가 **나빠**서 저는 숨을 못 쉬어요 = I can’t breathe because the air is bad -나쁜 소식이 있어요 = There is some **bad** news -그 **나쁜** 짓을 왜 했어요? = Why did you do that (**bad** action)? -친구는 **나쁜** 학교에 가고 있어요 = My friend is going to the **bad** school + +- 그것은 건강에 **나빠요** = That is **bad** for your health +- 그 사람의 상황은 **나빠요** = That person’s situation is not good +- 그 학생의 태도가 **나빠요** = That student’s attitude is bad +- 담배는 건강에 **나빠요** = Cigarettes are **bad** for your health (unhealthy) +- 공기가 **나빠**서 저는 숨을 못 쉬어요 = I can’t breathe because the air is **bad** +- **나쁜** 소식이 있어요 = There is some **bad** news +- 그 **나쁜** 짓을 왜 했어요? = Why did you do that (**bad** action)? +- 친구는 **나쁜** 학교에 가고 있어요 = My friend is going to the **bad** school
### Adverbs -바로 = immediately +바로 = immediately
Notes: -바로 can be used to indicate that something happens immediately (in terms of time) or that something is “immediately” close to something (in terms of space. + +- 바로 can be used to indicate that something happens immediately (in terms of time) or that something is “immediately” close to something (in terms of space). Examples: + _Time_: -저는 **바로** 갔어요 = I left immediately -우리는 집에 와서 **바로** 잤어요 = We came home and went to sleep immediately -저는 책을 읽고 **바로** 잤어요 = I read the book and then slept **immediately** + +- 저는 **바로** 갔어요 = I left immediately +- 우리는 집에 와서 **바로** 잤어요 = We came home and went to sleep immediately +- 저는 책을 읽고 **바로** 잤어요 = I read the book and then slept **immediately** _Space_: -은행이 학교 바로 옆에 있어요 = The bank is right (immediately) next to the school + +- 은행이 학교 바로 옆에 있어요 = The bank is right (immediately) next to the school
-즉시 = immediately +즉시 = immediately
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “즉씨” -Notes: 즉시 can only be used to indicate that something happens immediately (in terms of time). It is less common than 바로. +Notes: + +- 즉시 can only be used to indicate that something happens immediately (in terms of time). It is less common than 바로. Example: -저는 그 무서운 것을 보고 **즉시** 뛰어갔어요 = I ran away **immediately** after I saw that scary thing + +- 저는 그 무서운 것을 보고 **즉시** 뛰어갔어요 = I ran away **immediately** after I saw that scary thing [This word appears in my Korean Sign Explanation Video 4.] @@ -698,162 +742,174 @@ Example:
-빨리 = quickly/fast +빨리 = quickly/fast
-Notes: This is the adverb form of “빠르다” +Notes: This is the adverb form of “빠르다” Examples: -**빨리** 가자! = Let’s go **quickly**! -왜 너무 **빨리** 먹었어요? = Why did you eat so **fast**? -저는 너무 **빨리** 먹었어요 = I ate really fast -열심히 공부한 후에 실력은 **빨리** 늘었어요 = After studying hard, my skills have been increasing quickly -저는 어젯밤에 잠이 **빨리** 들었어요 = Last night I fell asleep quickly -우리 엄마는 집에 와서 **빨리** 요리했습니다 = Our/my mom came home and **quickly** cooked + +- **빨리** 가자! = Let’s go **quickly**! +- 왜 너무 **빨리** 먹었어요? = Why did you eat so **fast**? +- 저는 너무 **빨리** 먹었어요 = I ate really fast +- 열심히 공부한 후에 실력은 **빨리** 늘었어요 = After studying hard, my skills have been increasing quickly +- 저는 어젯밤에 잠이 **빨리** 들었어요 = Last night I fell asleep quickly +- 우리 엄마는 집에 와서 **빨리** 요리했습니다 = Our/my mom came home and **quickly** cooked
-자주 = often +자주 = often
Examples: -저는 서울에 **자주** 가요 = I go to Seoul often -한국어를 얼마나 **자주** 공부해요? = How **often** do you study Korean? -저의 할머니가 여기에 **자주** 안 오셔요 = My grandmother doesn’t come here often -저는 저의 친구를 **자주** 만나요 = I meet my friend often -여자 친구를 얼마나 **자주** 만나요? = How **often** do you meet your girlfriend? -저는 **자주** 옷을 충동적으로 사요 = I **often** buy clothes impulsively + +- 저는 서울에 **자주** 가요 = I go to Seoul often +- 한국어를 얼마나 **자주** 공부해요? = How **often** do you study Korean? +- 저의 할머니가 여기에 **자주** 안 오셔요 = My grandmother doesn’t come here often +- 저는 저의 친구를 **자주** 만나요 = I meet my friend often +- 여자 친구를 얼마나 **자주** 만나요? = How **often** do you meet your girlfriend? +- 저는 **자주** 옷을 충동적으로 사요 = I **often** buy clothes impulsively
-가끔 = sometimes +가끔 = sometimes
-Notes: In English, we would never say “very sometimes,” but in Korean “아주 가끔” is commonly used to stress that something happens “only sometimes.” - -Example: -저는 서울에 **가끔** 가요 = I go to Seoul sometimes -저는 **가끔** 너무 많이 먹어요 = I eat too much **sometimes** - -
- -많이 = many/a lot of - -
- -The pronunciation of this word is closer to “마니 - Notes: -This is the adverb form of “많다” -Examples: -저는 저의 여자 친구에게 선물을 **많이** 줬어요 = I gave my girlfriend **a lot of** presents -저는 밥을 **많이** 먹었어요 = I ate **a lot** **of** rice -저는 야채를 **많이** 먹겠습니다 = I will eat **a lot** **of** vegetables -우리는 이번 시간에 **많이** 배웠어 = We learned **a lot** this time -저는 친구들로부터 사랑을 **많이** 받았어요 = I received **a lot of** love from friends -저의 친구의 한국어 실력이 **많이** 늘었어요 = My friend’s Korean (skills) **really** increased/got better -돈을 얼마나 **많이** 가져갈 거예요? = How **much** money will you bring? +- In English, we would never say “very sometimes,” but in Korean “아주 가끔” is commonly used to stress that something happens “only sometimes.” + +Example: + +- 저는 서울에 **가끔** 가요 = I go to Seoul sometimes +- 저는 **가끔** 너무 많이 먹어요 = I eat too much **sometimes**
-방금 = a moment ago +많이 = many/a lot of
-Examples: 그는 **방금** 나갔어요 = He **just** left -저는 **방금** 뭔가(를) 봤어요 = I just saw something a minute ago -방금 들어온 사람은 우리 가게에 자주 오던 손님이야 = The person who **just** came in is a customer who comes to the store often +The pronunciation of this word is closer to "마니" + +Notes: + +- This is the adverb form of “많다” + +Examples: + +- 저는 저의 여자 친구에게 선물을 **많이** 줬어요 = I gave my girlfriend **a lot of** presents +- 저는 밥을 **많이** 먹었어요 = I ate **a lot** **of** rice +- 저는 야채를 **많이** 먹겠습니다 = I will eat **a lot** **of** vegetables +- 우리는 이번 시간에 **많이** 배웠어 = We learned **a lot** this time +- 저는 친구들로부터 사랑을 **많이** 받았어요 = I received **a lot of** love from friends +- 저의 친구의 한국어 실력이 **많이** 늘었어요 = My friend’s Korean (skills) **really** increased/got better +- 돈을 얼마나 **많이** 가져갈 거예요? = How **much** money will you bring?
-갑자기 = suddenly +방금 = a moment ago + +
+ +Examples: + +- 그는 **방금** 나갔어요 = He **just** left +- 저는 **방금** 뭔가(를) 봤어요 = I just saw something **a minute ago** +- **방금** 들어온 사람은 우리 가게에 자주 오던 손님이야 = The person who **just** came in is a customer who comes to the store often + +
+ +갑자기 = suddenly
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “갑짜기” -Examples: 그 사람은 **갑자기** 밖에 나갔어요 = That person **suddenly** went out -맑던 하늘이 **갑자기** 어두워졌어요 = The sky that I recall being clear until now **suddenly** became dark -날씨가 춥다가 **갑자기** 더워졌어요 = The weather was cold, and then **suddenly** became hot -침실에서 자다가 **갑자기** 돌아가셨어요 = While sleeping in the bedroom, he **suddenly** passed away +Examples: -사람이 **갑자기** 많이 와서 저는 그냥 비켜섰어요 -= **All of a sudden** many people came, so I just stepped aside - -그 사람의 얼굴이 기억 안 났지만 **갑자기** 제 꿈에 나타났어요 -= I had forgotten that person’s face, but it **suddenly** appeared to me in my dream +- 그 사람은 **갑자기** 밖에 나갔어요 = That person **suddenly** went out +- 맑던 하늘이 **갑자기** 어두워졌어요 = The sky that I recall being clear until now **suddenly** became dark +- 날씨가 춥다가 **갑자기** 더워졌어요 = The weather was cold, and then **suddenly** became hot +- 침실에서 자다가 **갑자기** 돌아가셨어요 = While sleeping in the bedroom, he **suddenly** passed away +- 사람이 **갑자기** 많이 와서 저는 그냥 비켜섰어요 + - **All of a sudden** many people came, so I just stepped aside +- 그 사람의 얼굴이 기억 안 났지만 **갑자기** 제 꿈에 나타났어요 + - I had forgotten that person’s face, but it **suddenly** appeared to me in my dream
-매년 = every year +매년 = every year
Examples: -저는 **매년** 한국에 가요 = I go to Korea every year -**매년** 여름, 이 지역에는 홍수가 나요 = A flood occurs **every** summer in this area -그 대학교는 **매년** 교환학생 100명을 받아요 -= That university receives 100 exchange students **every year** - -**매년** 말에 한 해를 마무리하는 행사가 많아요 -= There are a lot of events that close out the year at the end of **every year** - -한국의 교통비는 **매년** 오르고 있어요 -= Transportation fees (the fare for buses and subways) are going up **every year** in Korea - -건강검진을 받든지 안 받든지 **매년** 정부에 보험료를 내야 돼요 -= It doesn’t matter if you get a health check **every year** or not, you need to pay insurance fees to the government every year +- 저는 **매년** 한국에 가요 = I go to Korea every year +- **매년** 여름, 이 지역에는 홍수가 나요 = A flood occurs **every** summer in this area +- 그 대학교는 **매년** 교환학생 100명을 받아요 + - That university receives 100 exchange students **every year** +- **매년** 말에 한 해를 마무리하는 행사가 많아요 + - There are a lot of events that close out the year at the end of **every year** +- 한국의 교통비는 **매년** 오르고 있어요 + - Transportation fees (the fare for buses and subways) are going up **every year** in Korea +- 건강검진을 받든지 안 받든지 **매년** 정부에 보험료를 내야 돼요 + - It doesn’t matter if you get a health check **every year** or not, you need to pay insurance fees to the government every year
-다시 = again +다시 = again
Common Usages: -다시 한 번 = one more time + +- 다시 한 번 = one more time Example: -저는 시험을 **다시** 봐야 될 것 같아요 = I will probably have to write the exam again -제가 어제 만난 사람은 저를 **다시** 만나고 싶어요 = The person I met yesterday wants to meet me again -저는 밥을 벌써 먹어서 **다시** 안 먹어도 돼요 = I don’t need to eat **again** because I already did + +- 저는 시험을 **다시** 봐야 될 것 같아요 = I will probably have to write the exam again +- 제가 어제 만난 사람은 저를 **다시** 만나고 싶어요 = The person I met yesterday wants to meet me again +- 저는 밥을 벌써 먹어서 **다시** 안 먹어도 돼요 = I don’t need to eat **again** because I already did
-혼자 = alone +혼자 = alone
Notes: -“혼자서” is often used as well + +- “혼자서” is often used as well Example: -저는 **혼자** 살아요 = I live alone -저는 엄마가 밥을 왜 **혼자** 먹은지 몰라요 = I don’t know why mom ate **by** **herself** (alone -우리 아들은 자기 일을 항상 **혼자** 하고 싶어요 = Our son always wants to do his work alone -저는 운동을 **혼자** 할 수 있어요 = I can exercise **by** **myself** + +- 저는 **혼자** 살아요 = I live alone +- 저는 엄마가 밥을 왜 **혼자** 먹은지 몰라요 = I don’t know why mom ate **by** **herself** (alone) +- 우리 아들은 자기 일을 항상 **혼자** 하고 싶어요 = Our son always wants to do his work alone +- 저는 운동을 **혼자** 할 수 있어요 = I can exercise **by** **myself**
-안 = not +안 = not
Notes -안 is placed before a verb or adjective to turn it into a negative word. The meaning is synonymous to ~지 않다. + +- 안 is placed before a verb or adjective to turn it into a negative word. The meaning is synonymous to ~지 않다. Examples -그 여자는 **안** 아름다워요 = That girl is **not** beautiful -저는 마지막 것을 **안** 봤어요 = I **didn’t** see the last thing -아침식사를 **안** 먹었어요 = I **didn’t** eat breakfast -저는 술을 **안** 마시고 싶어요 = I **don’t** want to drink alcohol -방학 동안 집에 **안** 갔습니까? = You **didn’t** go home during vacation? -소금을 많이 먹는 것은 건강에 **안** 좋아요 = It is **not** healthy to eat a lot of salt + +- 그 여자는 **안** 아름다워요 = That girl is **not** beautiful +- 저는 마지막 것을 **안** 봤어요 = I **didn’t** see the last thing +- 아침식사를 **안** 먹었어요 = I **didn’t** eat breakfast +- 저는 술을 **안** 마시고 싶어요 = I **don’t** want to drink alcohol +- 방학 동안 집에 **안** 갔습니까? = You **didn’t** go home during vacation? +- 소금을 많이 먹는 것은 건강에 **안** 좋아요 = It is **not** healthy to eat a lot of salt