diff --git a/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/14-passive.md b/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/14-passive.md index 5959ac3..9ac8e34 100644 --- a/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/14-passive.md +++ b/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/14-passive.md @@ -672,7 +672,7 @@ sentence: normal: - ko: 기회가 주**어졌어요** audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/57.mp3 - en: I **was give**n a chance + en: I **was given** a chance notes: add ~아/어지다 to the verb stem to make it passive. - ko: 그 집은 한국에서 지**어졌어요** audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/58.mp3 diff --git a/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/15-good-carry-similar.md b/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/15-good-carry-similar.md index 920f360..173342e 100644 --- a/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/15-good-carry-similar.md +++ b/docs/howtostudykorean/unit-1/15-good-carry-similar.md @@ -781,6 +781,200 @@ vocabulary: examples: - ko: "**아마도** 우리가 내일 갈 거예요" en: "**Maybe** we will go tomorrow" + +sentence: + 좋다: + - ko: 저는 **좋은** 김치를 먹었어요 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-15-1.mp3 + en: I ate **good** kimchi + - ko: 김치는 **좋아요** + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/2-2.mp3 + en: Kimchi is **good** + + - ko: 저는 김치를 **좋아해요** + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/3.mp3 + en: I **like** Kimchi + + - ko: 김치는 **싫어요** + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/4-1.mp3 + en: Kimchi is **bad/not good** + - ko: 저는 김치를 **싫어해요** + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/5-1.mp3 + en: I **don’t like** Kimchi + + - ko: 학교가 **좋아요** + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-15-4.mp3 + en: I **like** school + - ko: 학교가 **싫어요** + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-15-5.mp3 + en: I **don’t like** school + + - ko: 맥주가 **좋아요** + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-15-6.mp3 + en: I **like** beer + - ko: 맥주가 **싫어요** + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-15-7.mp3 + en: I **don’t like** beer + + SOA: + - ko: 저는 김치를 **먹었어요** + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-15-8.mp3 + en: I **ate** kimchi + + - ko: 저는 김치가 **좋아요** + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/13.mp3 + en: I **like** kimchi + + - ko: 저는 한국 음식**이** 그리워요 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/14-1.mp3 + en: I miss Korean food + notes: &soa-particle | + Adjectives and passive verbs can never act on objects, so instead of using ~를/을 in these situations, you have to use ~이/가. + + - ko: 나는 네**가** 자랑스러워 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/15.mp3 + en: I am proud of you + notes: *soa-particle + - ko: 나는 그 사람**이** 싫어 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/16-1.mp3 + en: I don’t like that person + notes: *soa-particle + - ko: 저는 한국**이** 좋아요 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-15-9.mp3 + en: I like Korea + notes: *soa-particle + + - ko: 저는 그것**이** 기억나요! + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-15-10.mp3 + en: I remember that! + notes: *soa-particle + - ko: 저는 땀**이** 나요! + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-15-11.mp3 + en: I’m sweating! + notes: *soa-particle + - ko: 저는 화**가** 났어요 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-15-12.mp3 + en: I was/I am angry + notes: *soa-particle + + 들다: + - ko: 나는 동아리에 **들었어** + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/21.mp3 + en: I **joined** a club (I **“entered”** a club) + notes: &meaning-enter | + 들다 can be used under the overarching situation of “to enter/go into something/somewhere.” + - ko: (나는) 잠이 **들었다** + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/22.mp3 + en: I **fell asleep** (I **“entered”** sleep) + notes: *meaning-enter + - ko: 저는 그 그림이 마음에 **들어요** + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-15-13.mp3 + en: I **like** that picture (That picture **enters** my heart) + notes: + - *meaning-enter + - The definition of the word 마음 generally refers to one’s heart/one’s mind + + - ko: 저는 손을 **들었어요** + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-15-14.mp3 + en: I **raised** my hand (I **“held up”** my hand/**carried** my hand) + notes: &meaning-carry | + 들다 can be used under the overarching situation of “to carry/hold something.” + - ko: 저는 가방을 **들었어요** + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-15-15.mp3 + en: I **carried** the/my bag + notes: *meaning-carry + + compound: + - ko: 아버지는 은행에 **들어갔어요** + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/26-1.mp3 + en: My dad **went into** the bank + notes: | + + + - ko: 남자는 방에 **들어왔어요** + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/27-1.mp3 + en: A man **came into** the room + notes: | + + + - ko: 저는 집에서 **나갔어요** + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-15-16.mp3 + en: I **went out** of home (I **left** home) + notes: | + + + - ko: 학생은 학교에서 **나왔어요** + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-15-17.mp3 + en: The student **came out** of school + notes: | + + + - ko: 나는 나의 숙제를 **가져왔어** + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-15-18.mp3 + en: I **brought** my homework + notes: &bring | + + + - ko: 그 학생은 숙제를 **가져오지** 않았어 + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/31.mp3 + en: That student didn’t **bring** his homework + notes: *bring + + - ko: 저는 저의 모자를 **가져갈 거예요** + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lesson-15-19.mp3 + en: I will **bring/take** my hat + notes: | + + + - ko: 저는 9월1일에 캐나다에 **돌아갈 거예요** + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/33-1.mp3 + en: I will **go back** to Canada on September 1st + notes: + - &rotate | + 돌다 = to turn/to spin/to rotate + - 돌다 + 가다 = 돌아가다 = to return/go back + - ko: 저는 친구에게 책을 **돌려줬어요** + audio: https://www.howtostudykorean.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/34.mp3 + en: I **gave** my friend **back** his book + notes: + - *rotate + - 돌리다 + 주다 = 돌려주다 = to give back --- # Lesson 15: 들다, Korean Homonyms, Being Sick, Different/Similar/Same @@ -1706,6 +1900,8 @@ You can download all of these files in one package [here](https://www.howtostudy ## Introduction + + This lesson will have a very different feel than all the previous lessons you have learned. Most of the words you have learned so far can be understood and used in sentences without much thought or hesitation. For example, if you knew how to say this: - 저는 한국어를 배웠어요 = I learned Korean. @@ -1718,6 +1914,8 @@ However, there are many words that you would not be able to pick up instinctivel ## 좋다/싫다 to 좋아하다/싫어하다 + + I have told you a few times that in _most_ words ending in 하다, you can remove the ~하다 and the remaining word then becomes a noun of that verb. For example: - 말 = speech/words/the thing that you say @@ -1799,6 +1997,8 @@ The mechanics to how this is done is talked about next. ## Subject – Object – Adjective Form + + One of the basic fundamentals of grammar (not just Korean grammar) is that an adjective cannot act on an object. This means in Korean you can never have a sentence predicated by an adjective that is acting on a word with the object particle ~를/을. This means that you cannot say this: - ~~저는 김치를 좋다~~ = I kimchi good @@ -1853,6 +2053,8 @@ You also saw this same phenomenon in the [previous lesson](./14-passive.md) with ## 들다 + + The word 들다 in Korean is very difficult because it can be used in so many ways. Two of the most common usages are: - 들다 = to carry/hold something @@ -1897,6 +2099,8 @@ This is the first of many times where I will encourage you to not translate/unde ## Compound Verbs + + You will notice (or may have already noticed) that many Korean verbs are made by combining two verbs together. This is usually done by adding one verb to the stem of the other, along with ~아/어. When this happens, the meanings of both of the words form to make one word. For example: --- @@ -1986,6 +2190,8 @@ That’s good enough for now, but you will continue to see these as you progress ## Different/Similar/Same (다르다/비슷하다/같다) + + Three words that you have learned in previous lessons are: - 다르다 = different